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Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of Indahag Limestone (Western Misamis Oriental, Northern Mindanao)
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic study of 3 cores obtained from Indahag Limestone within the Laguindingan-Gitagum area in western Misamis Oriental, northern Mindanao. Based on the calcareous nannofossil assemblages and the occurrence of index markers like Discoaster pentaradiatus, Discoaster quadramus, Discoaster surculus, Discoastertamalis, Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, Sphenolithus abies and Reticulofenestra pseudo umbilicus, nannofossil zones NN1S-NN17 are recognized. This suggests an age of Early Pliocene to Late Pliocene for the Indahag Limestone, which is consistent with the age assignment provided to the formation by earlier studies.
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Scyphosphaerids are frequently encountered in low-latitude Miocene-Pliocene sediments. The genus first evolved in the early Eocene (calcareous nannofossil Zone NP12), but abundance and diversity remained low until middle Miocene Zones NN5-NN6, when global radiation began. More new species (24) evolved during the Miocene NN5-NN6 and NN9 zonal intervals than at any other time. The abundance acme for the genus is the late Miocene (NN9)-late Pliocene (NN15) interval. Diversity peaked in early Pliocene Zones NN12 and NN13, with 31 extant species. Abundance and diversity began to decline markedly in the late Pliocene, with a first wave of extinctions occurring in late Pliocene Zone NN16B. A second wave of extinctions began in late Pleistocene Zone NN20. Only two scyphosphaerid species live in the oceans today (S. apsteinii and S. cohenii). Scyphosphaera is a highly polymorphic genus. Some species have been named based on relatively minor differences in shape: S. antilleana and S. apsteinii var. dilata are here considered to be synonyms of S. cohenii; S. australiensis a synonym of S. kamptneri; S. biarritzensis a synonym of S. apsteinii; S. darraghi a synonym of S. campanula; S. expansa a synonym of S. porosa; S. galeana a synonym of S. cylindrica; S. globulata a synonym of S. globulosa; S. queenslandensis a synonym of S. deflandrei; and S. turris a synonym of S. lagena. One new species, S. excelsa, and one variety, S. recurvata var. projectura are named in this study. First and last stratigraphic occurrences of some 45 scyphosphaerid species and one variety are documented. Some of these species may be useful as secondary biostratigraphic zonal markets.
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