(PDF) Conventional Hardness Values

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8 Hardness Testing [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

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4.8 Hardness Testing

4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values

[T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

In the standardized hardness tests most often used today a hard indenter is pressed into the surface of the

specimens under investigation, which is exactly in line with the historical definition of hardness given by

Martens in 1908 that hardness is the resistance against indentation by a harder body. Hardness testing is

comparatively simply, quickly and efficiently and is called nearly non-destructive.

The hardness test methods differ fundamentally with respect to the shape and material of the indenter,

load level and time, as well as their mode of application (under total test load, after unloading), see Tables

4.28. and 4.29. Due to this hardness values cannot be extrapolated from one to another, or only to a lim-

ited extend. In industrial testing practice, however, a trend can be seen to a few universal test procedures.

It should be recognized the fact that there are statistically secured correlations between hardness and other

mechanical properties, such as yield point or abrasion, at least one for group of materials.

In principle, as in metals it is possible to measure indentation magnitude after unloading or under load

whereas the latter method is preferred for plastics and in the case of elastomers unavoidable due to the

rubber-elastic redeformation.

Table 4.28. Classification of hardness test methods typically used in polymer testing.

Measurement under maximum load Measurement after unloading

Ball indentation hardness HB Rockwell R, L, M, E, K

Shore hardness Buchholz hardness

IRHD Vickers hardness

α-Rockwell Knoop hardness

Barcol hardness

Scratch hardness

(Vickers under load)

(Knoop under load)

Table 4.29. Overview of hardness test methods typically used in polymer testing.

Parameter Indenter ge-

ometry /ma-

terial

Test force / indenta-

tion depth

Definition

Special requirements/aspects

Ball indenta-

tion hardness

ball, ∅ 5 mm

hardened steel

preforce 9.8 N

additional test force

49N, 132 N, 358 N or

961 N

quotient from test force and surface of a

ball’s indentation under the acting test

force.

FF+FF

0

F

0

+F

h

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

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Parameter Indenter ge-

ometry /ma-

terial

Test force / indenta-

tion depth

Definition

Special requirements/aspects

Shore hardness

Shore A

hardened steel

truncated cone

R0 = 1.25 mm

R = 0.79 mm

0.55 N ≤ F ≤ 8.05 N

0 mm ≤ h ≤ 2.5 mm

difference between the number 100 and the

depth of penetration [in mm] under force

divided by scale value 0.025 mm.

F

RR

R0R0R0

ADAO AM

35°

30°

35°

RRRR

Shore D truncated cone

with spherical

cap

R0 = 1.25 mm

R = 0.1 mm

0 N ≤ F ≤ 44.5 N

0 mm ≤ h ≤ 2.5 mm

Shore AO spherical,

R = 2.5 mm

0.55 N ≤ F ≤ 8.05 N

0 mm ≤ h ≤ 2.5 mm

Shore AM truncated cone

with spherical

cap

R0 = 0.79 mm

R = 0.1 mm

0.32 N ≤ F ≤ 0.76 N

0 mm ≤ h ≤ 2.5 mm

IRHD

N (normal)

H (hard)

L (soft)

M (micro)

ball, steel

∅ 2.5 mm

∅ 1 mm

∅ 5 mm

∅ 0.395 mm

preload /add. test load

0.3 N / 5.4 N

0.0083 N / 0.145 N

Table value, specified by the receptive

depth of indentation under test load.

F

0

F

h

Rockwell

hardness

R

L

M

E

K

ball, hardened

steel

∅ 12.7 mm

∅ 6.35 mm

∅ 3.175 mm

preload /add. test load

98.07 N / 490.3 N

98.07 N / 882.6 N

98.07 N / 1372.9 N

difference between a value and the depth

of indentation [in mm] divided by the scale

value 0.002 mm, caused by the additional

test load and measured under preload, i.e.

after unloading to preload.

F0F0+FF0

h

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

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Parameter Indenter ge-

ometry /ma-

terial

Test force / indenta-

tion depth

Definition

Special requirements/aspects

α ∅ 12.7 mm 98.07 N / 490.3 N difference between the value 150 and the

depth of indentation [in mm] divided by

the scale value 0.002 mm under total test

load.

F

0

F

0

+F

0 0

h

Barcol truncated cone,

steel

preload 61.1 N,

test load

difference between 100 and the depth of

indentation [in mm] divided by the scale

value 0.0076 mm under total test load.

h

Buchholz

steel wheel 5 N

5 µm ≤ h ≤ 24 µm

quotient of the number 100 and the length

of the remaining indentation [in mm] after

unloading.

4.905 N

120°

∅30 mm

Vickers square-based

diamond

pyramid, 136°

between oppo-

site surfaces

micro to macro range

(0.05 to 5 N recom-

mended)

quotient of load and indentation surface,

calculated after unloading using the length

of the indentation diagonals.

136°

d1d2

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

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Parameter Indenter

geometry /

material

Test force / indenta-

tion depth

Definition

Special requirements/aspects

Knoop

rhombic-based

diamond

pyramid

micro range

(0.05 to 1 N recom-

mended)

quotient of load and projected surface,

calculated after unloading using the length

of the long diagonal.

130°

172.5°

130

lafter unloading

l

Scratch

hardness

different sha-

pes and mate-

rials

nano to macro;

constant or steadily

increasing

quotient of normal load and scratch width

or scratch cross-section area.

FF

N

∅

AA

F

L

Special scratch methods

Clemen needle or chisel 0 – 20 N load at which the scratch is visible or the

coating is cut through.

Sikkens carbide blade

van Laar tungsten car-

bide chisel,

∅ 0.5 mm

0 – 20 N load at which the scratch is clearly visible.

Bosch tungsten car-

bide chisel,

∅ 0.75 mm

0 – 20 N load at which the scratch is clearly visible.

Oesterle fixed round

disk, duroplast,

copper or steel

0 – 20 N resistance against mar effect.

ISO 1518-1 spheric tip,

ruby or hard

metal, ∅ 0.25

or 0.5 mm

1 – 20 N load at which the coating is cut through to

the substrate or to a defined layer.

ISO 1518-2 conic tip, sap-

phire or dia-

mond,

∅ 0.03 mm

0 – several ten N,

continously increasing

load at which the scratch is visible.

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

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As other mechanical properties also the hardness shows a strong dependence on temperature (Fig. 4.195.)

and loading time (Fig. 4.196.). With increasing temperature and holding time for example the ball inden-

tation hardness HB is decreasing due to the influence of relaxation and retardation effects.

140

[N mm ]

-2

a

100

120

b

dness HB

80

100

c

ntation hard

40

60

d

20

Ball inden

0

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Temperature T[°C]

Fig. 4.195. Ball indentation hardness HB vs. temperature for different semicrystalline thermoplastics

[08Els]; POM copolymer (a), PA6 (b), PP (c), PE-HD (d).

20

10 100 1000

Holding time at test force t[s]

Ball indentation hardness HB [N mm ]

-2

40

60

80

100

H

a

b

c

d

Fig. 4.196. Ball indentation hardness HB vs. holding time for different semicrystalline thermoplastics;

PA 12 (a), PP-Copolymer (b), PE-HD (c), PTFE (d).

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

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For many thermoplastics there exist a mostly linear correlation between hardness and crystallinity. This is

a result of the mixing rule of the hardnesses of the crystalline and the amorphous phase of the given poly-

mer. Figure 4.197. shows the increase of hardness with increasing density, i.e. with higher crystallinity.

60

[N mm ]

-2

50

dness HB

30

40

ntation hard

20

30

10

Ball inden

0

0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97

Density

ρ

[kg m ]

-3

Fig. 4.197. Ball indentation hardness HB vs. density for polyethylene materials [08Els].

Table 4.30. Hardness values of thermoplastics materials.

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

ABS

ABS + GF 10 wt.-%

ABS + GF 15 wt.-%

ABS + GF 17 wt.-%

ABS + GF 20 wt.-%

ABS + GF 30 wt.-%

ABS + GF 33 wt.-%

ABS + GF 40 wt.-%

ABS + GF 50 wt.-%

ABS + GF 60 wt.-%

ABS + CF 5 wt.-%

ABS + CF 10 wt.-%

ABS + CF 15 wt.-%

ABS + CF 20 wt.-%

ABS + CF 25 wt.-%

ABS + CF 30 wt.-%

ABS + CF 40 wt.-%

65 – 120

77 – 95

-

110 – 160

-

75 – 80

93

35 – 50

53

-

45 – 76

62 – 68

-

85 – 95

-

100 – 110

81– 122

110 – 115

107 – 124

-

103 – 124

106 – 115

80

110 – 125

125

108

110

70 – 85

-

25 – 50

78 – 121

-

90

-

95Car, 12VDI

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

95Car, 12VDI, 12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

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Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

ABS + GX 5 wt.-%

ABS + GX 10 wt.-%

ABS + GX 15 wt.-%

ABS + GX 17 wt.-%

ABS + GX 20 wt.-%

ABS + GX 30 wt.-%

ABS + MF 20 wt.-%

ABS + MX 20 wt.-%

ABS / PA 6

ABS / PA 6 + GF 5 wt.-%

ABS / PA 6 + GF 15 wt.-%

ABS / PA 6 + GF 20 wt.-%

ABS / PBT

ABS / PBT + GF 20 wt.-%

ABS / PBT + GF 30 wt.-%

ABS / PBT + GX 20 wt.-%

ABS / PC

ABS / PC + GF 10 wt.-%

ABS / PC + GF 17 wt.-%

ABS / PC + GF 20 wt.-%

ABS / PC + GF 30 wt.-%

ABS / PC + GX 10 wt.-%

ABS / PC + GX 20 wt.-%

ABS / PC + GX 30 wt.-%

ABS / PET

ABS / PTFE

ABS / PMMA

ABS / SI

ABS / TPE

ABS / TPU

ABS / PC /SMAH

-

101

-

120

108

-

89 – 110

-

116

-

56

37

-

41

-

46

58 – 68

-

107

108 – 113

107

117

111

108 – 113

107

110

93 – 121

105

99 – 120

82

-

113

105 – 123

113 – 118

115 – 118

112

110

111 – 121

112 – 119

112 – 115

112

103

112 – 116

105

-

122

-

91

-

93

82

-

84

-

12MBa

AMMA 250 88 120 125 115 105 12VDI

ASA

ASA + GF 15 wt.-%

ASA + GF 20 wt.-%

ASA / AEPDS

ASA / PBT + GX 10 wt.-%

ASA / PBT + GX 20 wt.-%

ASA / PBT + GX 30 wt.-%

ASA / PC

ASA / PET

ASA / PVC

ASA / SAN

65 – 100

-

100

130

145

104 – 106

-

70

75

-

65

-

80 – 108

120

85 – 89

120

118

119

103 – 120

120

100 – 102

95

45

-

< 10 – 30

-

95Car, 12VDI, 12MBa

CA 40 – 90 - - 29 – 112 - - 95Car, 12MBa

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

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Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

CAB 25 – 70 - - 12 – 98 - - 95Car, 12MBa

CAP - - - 55 – 98 - - 12MBa

CP 35 – 62 - - - - - 95Car

CTFE - - - 118 – 122 - 118 12MBa

ECO 130 – 190 - - - - - 08Els

ECTFE

ECTFE + GF 25 wt.-%

-

95

120

-

08Els

12MBa

EEA - 27 – 38 - - - - 08Els

EMAA - 75 - 65 – 106 - - 12MBa

ETFE - 60 – 78 - 98 – 120 - - 05Mar, 12MBa,12Pol

EVA 8 – 14 17 – 45 - - - - 95Car, 08Els

EVAL - 23 – 50 - - - 70 – 100 12MBa

FEP - 55 – 73 - 100 – 121 - - 10Hel, 12MBa

Ionomer - 54 – 66 - - - - 95Car

LCP - - - - - 60 12Pol

MABS 70 – 80 - - 85 – 115 - - 95Car, 12MBa

PA 11 (dry)

PA 11 (cond.)

PA 11

PA 11 + GF 10 wt.-%

PA 11 + GF 17 wt.-%

PA 11 + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 11 + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 11 + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 11 + GF 23 wt.-%

PA 11 + GB 30 wt.-%

PA 11 / PTFE

PA 11 / PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 11 / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

90

75

-

70

-

107

-

90 – 108

108

109

112

-

108

109

108 – 109

-

72 – 80

-

08Els

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

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Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PA 12 (dry)

PA 12 (cond.)

PA 12

PA 12 + GF 23 wt.-%

PA 12 + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 12 + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 12 + GF 50 wt.-%

PA 12 + CF 13 wt.-%

PA 12 / PTFE

PA 12 / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 12 / PTFE / SI

100

75

78

-

77

75 – 78

-

75

-

108

105

27 – 120

110

115

-

110

106

-

67 – 75

-

82

-

95Car, 08Els

95 Car, 12MBa

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

PA 46

PA 46 / PTFE

-

90 – 100

100

-

12MBa

PA 610 (dry)

PA 610 (cond.)

PA 610

PA 610 + GF 10 wt.-%

PA 610 + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 610 + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 610 + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 610 + GF 50 wt.-%

PA 610 / PTFE

PA 610 / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

120

80

-

111 – 116

117

119

-

118

-

82

-

80

-

95Car

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

PA 612

PA 612 + GF 10 wt.-%

PA 612 + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 612 + GF 25 wt.-%

PA 612 + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 612 + GF 35 wt.-%

PA 612 + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 612 + GF 43 wt.-%

PA 612 + GF 45 wt.-%

PA 612 + GF 50 wt.-%

PA 612 + CF 10 wt.-%

PA 612 + CF 30 wt.-%

PA 612 + (GF + GB) 30 wt.-%

PA 612 / PTFE

PA 612 / PTFE + GF 25 wt.-%

PA 612 / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 612 / PTFE + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 612 / PTFE + CF 30 wt.-%

-

73

-

66 – 119

117

120

116

121 – 122

121

119

118

120

118

117

114 – 118

118

-

82

-

80

-

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

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Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PA 6

PA 6 + GF 5 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 10 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 13 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 15 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 17 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 25 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 33 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 35 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 43 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 45 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 50 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 55 wt.-%

PA 6 + GF 60 wt.-%

PA 6 + GB 10 wt.-%

PA 6 + GB 15 wt.-%

PA 6 + GB 20 wt.-%

PA 6 + GB 25 wt.-%

PA 6 + GB 30 wt.-%

PA 6 + GX 13 wt.-%

PA 6 + GX 15 wt.-%

PA 6 + GX 33 wt.-%

PA 6 + GX 35 wt.-%

PA 6 + CF 20 wt.-%

PA 6 + CF 30 wt.-%

PA 6 + CF 40 wt.-%

PA 6 + CD 10 wt.-%

PA 6 + CD 15 wt.-%

PA 6 + MF 15 wt.-%

PA 6 + MF 20 wt.-%

PA 6 + MF 23 wt.-%

PA 6 + MF 25 wt.-%

PA 6 + MF 30 wt.-%

PA 6 + MF 35 wt.-%

PA 6 + MF 40 wt.-%

PA 6 + MX 30 wt.-%

PA 6 + MX 40 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + CF) 50 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + GB) 30 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + MF) 15 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + MF) 20 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + MF) 30 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + MF) 36 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + MF) 40 wt.-%

-

190

-

217

-

52 – 77

-

65

73 – 79

40 – 59

79

65 – 80

48 – 80

47

-

81

-

78

-

90 – 123

119

100 – 120

112 – 120

112 – 119

112 – 115

112 – 121

110 – 121

115 – 122

118 – 122

120 – 121

119 – 122

121

110 – 122

121

121 – 122

90 – 116

119

95

110 – 120

115 – 120

115

118 – 120

120

115

118

114 – 115

118

117 – 121

110 – 122

117

112 – 121

117 – 122

-

120 – 121

115

-

121

122

120

121

120 – 122

121

120 – 122

-

80 – 100

-

90

-

92

-

93

-

95

-

90

-

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

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Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PA 6 + (GF + MF) 45 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + MF) 50 wt.-%

PA 6 + (GF + MX) 40 wt.-%

PA 6, dry

PA 6, cond.

PA 6 + GF 10 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 10 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + GF 15 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 15 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + GF 18 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 20 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 20 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + GF 25 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 25 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + GF 30 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 30 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + GF 35 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 40 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 40 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + GF 45 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 50 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GF 50 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + GF 60 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GB 30 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + GB 30 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + CF 10 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + CF 20 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + CF 30 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + CF 40 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + MX 15 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + MX 15 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + MX 20 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + MX 30 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 + MX 30 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 6 + MX 40 wt.-% (dry)

PA 6 / ABS

PA 6 / ABS + GF 15 wt.-%

PA 6 / ABS + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 6 / PA 66

PA 6 / PTFE

PA 6 / PTFE + GF 10 wt.-%

PA 6 / PTFE + GF 15 wt.-%

PA 6 / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 6 / PTFE + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 6 / PTFE + CF 30 wt.-%

PA 6 / PTFE / SI

-

150 – 160

70

180 – 210

90 – 120

160 – 220

80 – 130

180

200 – 220

120 – 122

190 – 220

130

160 – 240

110 – 150

220

195 – 250

150

290

270 – 280

130 – 200

320

200

95

200

210

255

240

60

90

160 – 175

160 – 200

105 – 120

160 – 200

-

78

-

75

-

84

-

82

-

121 – 122

121

119

111

-

120

122

105

118

116

117

90 – 118

95 – 119

120 – 122

118 – 120

116

-

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

95Car, 08Els

95Car

12MBa

95Car, 08Els, 12MBa

95Car, 12MBa

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

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Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PA 66, dry

PA 66, cond.

PA 66 + GF 5 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 10 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 13 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 15 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 25 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 33 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 35 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 43 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 45 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 50 wt.-%

PA 66 + GF 60 wt.-%

PA 66 + GB 10 wt.-%

PA 66 + GB 15 wt.-%

PA 66 + GB 20 wt.-%

PA 66 + GB 25 wt.-%

PA 66 + GB 30 wt.-%

PA 66 + GB 40 wt.-%

PA 66 + GB 50 wt.-%

PA 66 + GX 13 wt.-%

PA 66 + GX 33 wt.-%

PA 66 + CF 10 wt.-%

PA 66 + CF 15 wt.-%

PA 66 + CF 20 wt.-%

PA 66 + CF 22 wt.-%

PA 66 + CF 30 wt.-%

PA 66 + CF 40 wt.-%

PA 66 + MF 15 wt.-%

PA 66 + MF 20 wt.-%

PA 66 + MF 25 wt.-%

PA 66 + MF 30 wt.-%

PA 66 + MF 40 wt.-%

PA 66 + MX 15 wt.-%

PA 66 + MX 18 wt.-%

PA 66 + MX 20 wt.-% PA 66 +

MX 30 wt.-%

PA 66 + MX 40 wt.-%

PA 66 + CaCO3 20 wt.-%

PA 66 + T 30 wt.-%

PA 66 + (GF + CF) 20 wt.-%

PA 66 + (GF + CF) 30 wt.-%

PA 66 + (GF + CF) 40 wt.-%

160 – 170

100 – 110

-

30 – 48

74 – 81

-

83 – 90

77 – 82

60 – 80

-

63

-

68 – 85

-

85 – 86

-

81

-

55

82

-

78

75

50

75 – 82

59 – 80

-

105 – 121

-

117 – 119

113 – 120

111 – 120

115 – 122

116 – 122

118 – 122

108 – 122

122

120 – 123

120 – 122

121

120 – 122

120 – 121

118 – 119

119

118 – 120

118 – 119

119 – 120

119

115 – 120

120

110 – 120

118 – 120

110 – 120

125

110 – 120

120

115 – 120

119 – 122

120

115 – 122

118 – 122

-

120

122

120

125

111 – 115

115

122

-

95

-

94

97 – 100

-

103

95

-

98

-

97

-

95Car, 08Els, 12MBa

95Car

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

369

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PA 66 + (GF + MF) 38 wt.-%

PA 66 + (GF + MF) 40 wt.-%

PA 66 + (GF + MF) 45 wt.-%

PA 66 + (CF + RF) 40 wt.-%

PA 66 + (GB + GC) 40 wt.-%

PA 66 + (GF + MX) 40 wt.-%

PA 66 / PP + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE

PA 66 / PTFE + GF 5 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + GF 10 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + GF 15 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + GB 30 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + CF 5 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + CF 10 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + CF 15 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + CF 20 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + CF 30 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + CF 40 wt.-%

PA 66 / PTFE + MF 40 wt.-%

PA 66-HI

PA 66-HI + GF 10 wt.-%

PA 66-HI + GF 20 wt.-%

PA 66-HI + GF 30 wt.-%

PA 66-HI + CF 10 wt.-%

PA 66-HI + CF 20 wt.-%

PA 66-HI + CF 30 wt.-%

PA 66-HI + CF 40 wt.-%

PA 66-HI + GF 40 wt.-%

PA 66-HI / PTFE

PA 66 + GF 30 wt.-% (dry)

PA 66 + GF 30 wt.-% (cond.)

PA 66 + GF 50 wt.-% (dry)

PA 66 + GF 50 wt.-% (cond.)

-

270

200

300

260

-

82

-

80

-

95

-

122

121 – 122

119

120

119

118

121

114 – 118

119

95 – 120

120

118 – 120

114 – 118

119

118

118 – 120

119 – 120

100 – 120

118 – 120

120

105

112

113

114

114 – 117

114 – 120

114

112

-

80

-

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

95Car, 08Els, 12MBa

95Car

PA 666 - - - 110 - - 12MBa

PA6I/XT - - - 124 – 128 - - 12MBa

PA 6/6 T 190 - - - - - 08Els

PAEK

PAEK + GF 30 wt.-%

220

290

86 – 90

90

-

95Car, 12MBa

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

370

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PEBA 12 - 55 – 80 - - - - 08Els

PB - 55 – 65 - - - - 08Els

PBI - 99 - - - 125 08Els

PBT

PBT + GF 5 wt.-%

PBT + GF 10 wt.-%

PBT + GF 15 wt.-%

PBT + GF 20 wt.-%

PBT + GF 25 wt.-%

PBT + GF 30 wt.-%

PBT + GF 40 wt.-%

PBT + GF 45 wt.-%

PBT + GF 50 wt.-%

PBT + GB 10 wt.-%

PBT + GB 20 wt.-%

PBT + GB 30 wt.-%

PBT + GB 40 wt.-%

PBT + GX 10 wt.-%

PBT + GX 15 wt.-%

PBT + GX 30 wt.-%

PBT + MF 15 wt.-%

PBT + MF 30 wt.-%

PBT + MF 35 wt.-%

PBT + T 20 wt.-%

PBT + (GF + MF) 30 wt.-%

PBT + (GF + MF) 40 wt.-%

PBT + (GF + GB) 30 wt.-%

PBT + (GF + GB) 50 wt.-%

PBT / PC

PBT / PS + GF 15 wt.-%

PBT / PC + GF 30 wt.-%

PBT / PET + GF 15 wt.-%

PBT / PET + GF 30 wt.-%

PBT / PET + MF 25 wt.-%

PBT / PTFE

PBT / PTFE + GF 15 wt.-%

PBT / PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

PBT / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

PBT / PTFE + CF 30 wt.-%

PBT / PTFE + RF 15 wt.-%

125 – 145

-

155

-

200

-

230

-

170

-

79 – 86

-

53 – 85

-

54

-

76

-

35 – 95

-

114 – 120

-

117 – 118

117 – 120

118 – 119

118

118 – 120

120

-

117

118

125

119

109

120

118

120

117

120

115 – 119

118

110 – 118

117

120

115

112 – 118

117

118 – 120

120

117

85 – 110

-

65 – 95

86

80

87 – 93

85 – 93

-

75 – 94

94 – 95

93

-

85

-

97

-

95Car, 08Els, 12VDI

12MBa

95Car, 12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

95Car, 12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

95Car

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

95Car, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

371

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PC

PC + GF 5 wt.-%

PC + GF 10 wt.-%

PC + GF 15 wt.-%

PC + GF 20 wt.-%

PC + GF 30 wt.-%

PC + GF 40 wt.-%

PC + CF 20 wt.-%

PC + CF 30 wt.-%

PC + GX 10 wt.-%

PC + GX 20 wt.-%

PC + GX 30 wt.-%

PC + GX 40 wt.-%

PC / ABS

PC / PET

PC / PMMA

PC / PTFE

PC / PTFE + GF 15 wt.-%

PC / PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

PC / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

110 – 115

-

130

-

80 – 115

-

51 – 85

-

37 – 65

-

65 – 72

-

70

-

95 – 100

-

113 – 124

117 – 121

120 – 124

121 – 123

118 – 122

119 – 120

119

118

119

122 – 124

122

120 – 121

119

108 – 118

120 – 126

116 – 117

117

117 – 118

113 – 118

118

97 – 105

-

60 – 98

70 – 90

76 – 85

84

84 – 93

86 – 92

92 – 95

-

85

91

92

-

93

08Els, 12VDI, 12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa

08Els, 12VDI

12MBa

12Pol

PCTFE - 76 – 80 - 75 – 95 - - 08Els

PE-HD

PE-HD + GF 10 wt.-%

PE-HD + GF 15 wt.-%

PE-HD + GF 20 wt.-%

PE-HD + GF 25 wt.-%

PE-HD + GF 30 wt.-%

PE-HD + GF 40 wt.-%

PE-HD + GF 50 wt.-%

PE-HD + GF 60 wt.-%

PE-HD + P 40 wt.-%

PE-HD + T 5 wt.-%

PE-HD + T 10 wt.-%

PE-HD + T 20 wt.-%

PE-HD + T 25 wt.-%

PE-HD + T 30 wt.-%

PE-HD + T 40 wt.-%

38 – 53

-

68

-

56 – 69

-

25 – 55

-

45 – 110

60 – 80

80

65 – 80

76

75 – 120

85 – 112

112

30

50

70

3 – 30

-

80

-

95Car, 12VDI, 05Mar

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

08Els, 12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

PE-HMW 36 – 40 - - - - - 08Els

PE-LD

PE-LD + GF 30 wt.-%

PE-LD + GB 30 wt.-%

13 – 23

33

19

39 – 83

-

46 – 110

-

60

-

95Car, 12MBa

95Car

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

372

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PE-LD + mica 30 wt.-%

PE-LD + T 30 wt.-%

27

30

-

95Car

PE-LLD - 38 – 60 - 103 – 110 - - 95Car, 12MBa

PE-MD 28 – 32 45 – 60 - - - - 95Car, 05Mar, 12MBa

PE-UHMW 30 – 38 60 – 65 - 100 – 102 - - 95Car, 12MBa, 12Pol

PE-VLD - 25 – 40 - - - - 95Car

PEEK

PEEK + GF 20 wt.-%

174 – 231

-

83 – 88

-

100 – 126

-

95 – 103

102

08Els, 12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

PEI

PEI + GF 10 wt.-%

PEI + GF 20 wt.-%

PEI + GF 30 wt.-%

PEI + GF 40 wt.-%

165

-

88 – 90

-

115 – 120

-

110 – 125

121

122

123

120

-

110

-

95Car, 08Els, 12VDI

12MBa

12Pol

PEK

PEK + GF 30 wt.-%

-

87

90

-

12MBa

PES + GF 10 wt.-%

PES + GF 15 wt.-%

PES + GF 20 wt.-%

PES + GF 30 wt.-%

PES + GF 40 wt.-%

-

121

122

123

-

12Pol

PESU

PESU + GF 20 wt.-%

PESU + GF 30 wt.-%

PESU / PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

145 – 165

205

220

-

120

-

08Els

95Car, 08Els

12MBa

PET

PET + GF 15 wt.-%

PET + GF 20 wt.-%

PET + GF 30 wt.-%

PET + GF 33 wt.-%

PET + GF 35 wt.-%

PET + GF 45 wt.-%

PET + GF 50 wt.-%

PET + GF 55 wt.-%

PET + (GF + MF) 40 wt.-%

PET / PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

PET / PTFE + GF 40 wt.-%

97 – 150

-

255

-

290

-

63 – 65

-

76

-

108 – 118

70 – 119

110 – 120

120

121

120

60 – 120

95 – 96

120

107

-

08Els, 12MBa

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

95Car, 12MBa

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

95Car

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

373

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PETG - - - 106 – 117 - - 12MBa

PFA - 60 – 64 - - - - 10Hel

PI 138 – 140 - - - - - 12MBa

PMMA

PMMA, toughened

PMMA + GF 30 wt.-%

170 – 200

40 – 125

-

52 – 85

-

55

100 – 110

-

78 – 125

-

115

-

60 – 105

-

08Els, 12VDI, 12MBa

95Car

12MBa

PMP - - - - 67–74 - 95Car

POM, homopolymer

POM, copolymer

POM

POM + GF 10 wt.-%

POM + GF 15 wt.-%

POM + GF 20 wt.-%

POM + GF 25 wt.-%

POM + GF 30 wt.-%

POM + GF 40 wt.-%

POM + GB 10 wt.-%

POM + GB 20 wt.-%

POM + GB 30 wt.-%

POM + GB 40 wt.-%

POM + GX 15 wt.-%

POM + GX 25 wt.-%

POM + CF 10 wt.-%

POM + CF 15 wt.-%

POM + CF 20 wt.-%

POM + MD 20 wt.-%

POM + MD 30 wt.-%

POM + RF 5 wt.-%

POM + RF 15 wt.-%

POM + T 30 wt.-%

POM + CaCO3 5 wt.-%

POM + CaCO3 20 wt.-%

POM + (GF + GB) 20 wt.-%

POM / PTFE

POM / PTFE + GF 10 wt.-%

POM / PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

POM / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

POM / SI

POM / TPE

POM / TPU

POM / PTFE / SI

150 – 180

100 – 156

90 – 150

190

200

205 – 210

205 – 220

180 – 230

230

160

167 – 180

200

-

210

-

180

220

145

-

160

155

84

180

110 – 140

-

175

180

130

-

79 – 82

-

52 – 83

-

95 – 105

-

45

-

61 – 83

-

115 – 120

-

78 – 125

83 – 120

-

107 – 120

85 – 120

112

87 – 118

108

110

111

-

160

155

84

180

110 – 140

-

175

180

130

-

100 – 110

-

85 – 95

-

60 – 100

-

83

85

90

84

104

-

80 – 92

-

82

70 – 78

60 – 75

-

95Car, 08Els, 12VDI

95Car

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

08Els, 12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

08Els, 12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa

08Els

12MBa

08Els

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

374

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PP

PP + GF 10 wt.-%

PP + GF 15 wt.-%

PP + GF 20 wt.-%

PP + GF 25 wt.-%

PP + GF 30 wt.-%

PP + GF 35 wt.-%

PP + GF 40 wt.-%

PP + GF 43 wt.-%

PP + GF 50 wt.-%

PP + GB 10 wt.-%

PP + GB 20 wt.-%

PP + GB 30 wt.-%

PP + GB 40 wt.-%

PP + GX 5 wt.-%

PP + GX 10 wt.-%

PP + GX 15 wt.-%

PP + GX 20 wt.-%

PP + GX 30 wt.-%

PP + GX 40 wt.-%

PP + GX 45 wt.-%

PP + CD 30 wt.-%

PP + MF 10 wt.-%

PP + MF 15 wt.-%

PP + MF 20 wt.-%

PP + MF 30 wt.-%

PP + MF 40 wt.-%

PP + MF 55 wt.-%

PP + MX 10 wt.-%

PP + MX 15 wt.-%

PP + MX 20 wt.-%

PP + MX 23 wt.-%

PP + MX 25 wt.-%

PP + MX 30 wt.-%

PP + MX 40 wt.-%

PP + M 25 wt.-%

PP + M 40 wt.-%

PP + P 10 wt.-%

PP + P 15 wt.-%

PP + P 20 wt.-%

PP + P 25 wt.-%

PP + P 30 wt.-%

PP + P 40 wt.-%

PP + T 10 wt.-%

PP + T 15 wt.-%

PP + T 20 wt.-%

64 – 95

-

100 – 115

-

70

-

110

110 – 120

-

88

-

58 – 95

65

-

67 – 71

-

80 – 85

59 – 77

62 – 63

-

65 – 87

68 – 69

62 – 80

-

69 – 71

-

97

-

74 – 75

-

65 – 76

60 – 74

67 – 79

75

66

-

65 – 70

-

75

72

-

65

-

58

57 – 85

60 – 97

30 – 70

-

60 – 110

84 – 120

84 – 112

80 – 113

93 – 113

95 – 115

98

97 – 118

97

90 – 115

82

90

94

96

90

80

100

84 – 105

86 – 110

110

-

105

110

102

-

100

-

87 – 117

-

100

93

99

89 – 100

121

85 – 90

87

94 – 98

100 – 104

80 – 118

121

74 – 119

40 – 85

-

108

-

104

-

96

-

76

-

80

08Els, 95Car, 12VDI

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

95Car, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

12MBa

95Car, 12MBa

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

375

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PP + T 25 wt.-%

PP + T 30 wt.-%

PP + T 40 wt.-%

PP + CaCO3 10 wt.-%

PP + CaCO3 15 wt.-%

PP + CaCO3 20 wt.-%

PP + CaCO3 30 wt.-%

PP + CaCO3 40 wt.-%

PP + CaCO3 50 wt.-%

PP + (GF + GB) 40 wt.-%

PP + (GF + MF) 30 wt.-%

PP + (GF + MF) 40 wt.-%

PP + (GF + MX) 30 wt.-%

PP / EPDM

-

90 – 105

-

60 – 70

63 – 70

52 – 78

85

66

55 – 70

70 – 86

-

40

-

88

76 – 106

80 – 102

82 – 112

-

66 – 120

68 – 118

71 – 114

105

120

93 – 100

94 – 102

117

-

93 – 95

91

60 – 80

-

97

-

12MBa

95Car, 12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

PPA

PPA + GF 22 wt.-%

PPA + GF 33 wt.-%

PPA + GF 35 wt.-%

PPA + GF 45 wt.-%

PPA + MD 30 wt.-%

PPA + MD 40 wt.-%

PPA / PTFE

-

120 – 127

124

121 – 125

125

124 – 125

126

125

80

-

12MBa

12Pol

PPE

PPE + GF 10 wt.-%

PPE + GF 15 wt.-%

PPE + GF 20 wt.-%

PPE + GF 30 wt.-%

PPE + GX 30 wt.-%

PPE / PS

PPE / PS + GF 20 wt.-%

PPE / PS + GF 30 wt.-%

PPE / PS + CF 10 wt.-%

PPE / PS + MX 13 wt.-%

PPE / PS + GX 10 wt.-%

PPE / PS + GX 20 wt.-%

PPE / PS + GX 30 wt.-%

PPE / PS-HI

70 – 100

-

100 – 130

100

130 – 140

130

-

124

-

113 – 119

110 – 127

80 – 121

122

121

-

119 – 124

-

104

54 – 106

108

-

76 – 93

-

95Car, 12MBa

12MBa

95Car, 12MBa

12MBa

PPO

PPO / PS

PPO / PS-HI

-

70 – 95

87

-

96

114 – 123

-

12MBa

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

376

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PPS

PPS + GF 5 wt.-%

PPS + GF 10 wt.-%

PPS + GF 15 wt.-%

PPS + GF 20 wt.-%

PPS + GF 30 wt.-%

PPS + GF 40 wt.-%

PPS + GF 50 wt.-%

PPS + CF 10 wt.-%

PPS + CF 15 wt.-%

PPS + CF 20 wt.-%

PPS + CF 30 wt.-%

PPS + CF 40 wt.-%

PPS + CF 50 wt.-%

PPS + CF 55 wt.-%

PPS + CF 60 wt.-%

PPS + (GF + MX) 65 wt.-%

PPS / PTFE

PPS / PTFE + GF 15 wt.-%

PPS / PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

PPS / PTFE + GF 30 wt.-%

PPS / PTFE + CF 10 wt.-%

PPS / PTFE + CF 30 wt.-%

PPS / PTFE + CF 40 wt.-%

PPS / PPE + GF 30 wt.-%

PPS / PPE + GF 40 wt.-%

190

-

300 – 322

-

428

-

116 – 123

120

121 – 124

118 – 123

123

121 – 124

121

122 – 123

120 – 123

122 – 123

123

-

115 – 118

119 – 121

117 – 118

118 – 123

124

118 – 123

123

121

-

93 – 100

-

100

-

100

-

98

-

100

08Els, 12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

08Els, 12Pol

12Pol

08Els

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

PS

PS + GF 10 wt.-%

PS + GF 30 wt.-%

PS + GF 40 wt.-%

PS-HI

165

-

58 – 88

78 – 80

-

100 – 110

-

94 – 121

117

121

-

60 – 110

-

45 – 89

-

08Els, 05Mar, 12VDI

12MBa, 12Pol

12Pol

95Car

PSU

PSU + GF 20 wt.-%

PSU + GC 10 wt.-%

135 – 145

170

-

120 – 123

-

122

-

08Els, 12MBa

08Els

12Pol

PTFE

PTFE + GF 20 wt.-%

PTFE + GF 25 wt.-%

PTFE + CD 10 wt.-%

PTFE + CD 15 wt.-%

PTFE + CD 20 wt.-%

22 – 34

-

32

-

50 – 90

75

-

81

-

117 – 118

106

-

88

105

104

-

08Els, 12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

95Car, 10Hel, 12Pol

12MBa

PUR, mold resin

PUR

-

20 – 84

65 – 82

-

82 – 121

-

85 – 109

12MBa

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 378]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

377

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

PVC-U

PVC-U + GF 10 wt.-%

PVC-U / NBR

95 – 145

-

74 – 94

82 – 86

83 – 87

85 – 88

58 – 74

75 – 95

-

110 – 115

-

95

80 – 95

-

50 – 70

-

12VDI, 05Mar

12MBa

PVC-P - 42 – 77 - 98 – 124 - - 12MBa

PVC-C 170 82 - 107 – 120 - - 95Car, 12MBa

PVDF

PVDF + CD 10 wt.-%

115

-

46–79

74

-

95 – 121

-

55

-

95Car, 12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

SAN

SAN + GF 10 wt.-%

SAN + GF 20 wt.-%

SAN + GF 25 wt.-%

SAN + GF 30 wt.-%

SAN + GF 35 wt.-%

SAN + GF 40 wt.-%

SAN + GX 12 wt.-%

SAN + GX 15 wt.-%

SAN + GX 20 wt.-%

SAN + GX 32 wt.-%

165 – 205

-

240

-

45 – 85

-

110 – 115

-

120 – 125

121

115 – 122

-

123

94 – 124

123

-

105

-

83 – 93

-

83

-

86

90

92

94

95Car, 12VDI, 12MBa

12Pol

12MBa, 12Pol

12MBa

12Pol

95Car

12Pol

12MBa

SI + CaCO3 40 wt.-% - 80 - 106 - - 12MBa

SMAH - - - 98 - - 12MBa

SMMA

SMMA-I

155

-

72 – 82

-

61 – 76

-

65 – 85

-

12MBa

TPA (dry) - 22 – 68 - 93 - - 12MBa

TPC

TPC + GF 20 wt.-%

-

28 – 82

34 – 72

-

103 – 113

-

12MBa

TPE

TPE + MX 10 wt.-%

TPE + MX 12 wt.-%

TPE / PTFE

-

48 – 78

54

55

56

-

12MBa

TPE-E + GF 5 wt.-%

TPE-E + GF 10 wt.-%

TPE-E + GF 15 wt.-%

TPE-E + GF 20 wt.-%

-

40 – 55

40

55

-

12Pol

[Ref. p. 378 Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.1 Conventional Hardness Values [T. Koch, C. Bierögel, S. Seidler]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

378

Material HB Shore Rockwell Ref.

D α R L M

[N mm-2] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

TPE-E + GF 30 wt.-%

TPE-E + GF 40 wt.-%

-

55

-

12Pol

TPE-U + GF 5 wt.-%

TPE-U + GF 10 wt.-%

TPE-U + GF 15 wt.-%

TPE-U + GF 20 wt.-%

-

55

60

-

12Pol

TPO

TPO + GF 20 wt.-%

TPO + GF 25 wt.-%

TPO + MX 15 wt.-%

TPO + MX 20 wt.-%

-

50

16 – 70

52

55 – 69

-

80 – 118

-

12MBa

TPS - 60 - - - - 12MBa

TPU

TPU + GF 10 wt.-%

TPU + GF 20 wt.-%

TPU + GF 30 wt.-%

TPU + GF 40 wt.-%

-

28 – 73

55 – 70

70

74 – 80

75

-

12MBa

TPV - 40 – 51 - 88 – 95 - - 12MBa

References Chapter 4.8.1

95Car Carlowitz, B.: Kunststoff-Tabellen. 4. Auflage, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, Vienna, 1995.

05Mar Martienssen, W., Warlimont, H. (eds.): Springer handbook of condensed matter and materials

data. Springer, Berlin, 2005.

08Els Elsner, P., Eyerer, P., Hirth, T. (eds.): Domininghaus ‒ Kunststoffe, Eigenschaften und An-

wendungen. 7. Auflage, Springer, Berlin, 2008.

10Hel Hellerich, W., Harsch, G., Baur, E.: Werkstoff-Führer Kunststoffe. Eigenschaften – Prüfun-

gen – Kennwerte. 10. Auflage, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2010.

12MBa MBase-Material Data Center in www.m-base.de (rech. 08/2013).

12Pol Polymatfree in http://polymatfree.polybase.com (rech. 08/2013).

12VDI Guideline VDI/VDE 2616-2: Hardness Testing of Plastics and Rubber. VDI/VDE-

Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, Düsseldorf, 2012.

Standards Chapter 4.8.1

DIN EN 59

(1977)

Glass reinforced plastics – Measurement of hardness by means of a Barcol impres-

sor

ISO 48

(2010)

Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of hardness (hardness be-

tween 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)

Volume VIII/6A3: 4.8.2 Instrumented Hardness Values [T. Koch, S. Seidler] Ref. p. 384]

Landolt-Börnstein

New Series VIII/6A3

379

ISO 2039-1

(2001)

Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 1: Ball indentation method

ISO 2039-2

(1987)

Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 2: Rockwell hardness

ISO 2815

(2003)

Paints and varnishes – Buchholz indentation test

ISO 4516

(2002)

Metallic and other inorganic coatings – Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests

ISO 4545-1

(2005)

Metallic materials – Knoop hardness test – Part 1: Test method

ISO 6507-1

(2005)

Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test – Part 1: Test method

ISO 7619-1

(2010)

Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of indentation hardness –

Part 1: Durometer method (Shore hardness)

ISO 7619-2

(2010)

Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of indentation hardness –

Part 2: IRHD pocket meter method

VDI/VDE 2616-2

(2012)

Hardness testing of plastics and rubber

ISO 868

(2003)

Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a

durometer (Shore hardness)

ASTM D 2240

(2010)

Standard test method for rubber property – Durometer hardness

ASTM D 785

(2008)

Standard test method for Rockwell hardness of plastics and electrical insulating

materials

4.8.2 Instrumented Hardness Values

[T. Koch, S. Seidler]

The information gained from hardness measurements can be enhanced if both the force required by the

indenter to penetrate the specimen and the indentation depth over the entire indenting process is recorded.

Several names can be found for this type of test: Instrumented hardness test, instrumented indentation test

or depth-sensing indentation testing as well as registering hardness measurement. Because the whole

indentation process is recorded information on the viscoelastic–plastic behaviour is derived by evaluating

the recorded loading and unloading curves as well as the curve during holding at maximum load [77Fro,

78Gre, 83May]. The testing cycle can be performed either load or indentation depth controlled, or at a

constant indentation strain rate (dh/dt)/h. Various indenters can be used: rectangular based Vickers and

Knoop pyramids, triangular-based Berkovich pyramids or cube corners, conical tips and even specially

rounded or flat punch indenters.

Hardness values, indentation moduli, strain hardening exponents and viscoelastic properties can be meas-

ured with the instrumented indentation test, also the fracture toughness of very brittle polymers as well as

the influence of residual stresses. If needed and a suitable device provided measurements can be done

with high spatial resolution and with very small indentation depths. A special application of the testing

devices is the characterization of the elastic behaviour of miniaturized components or the realization of

micro compression tests, i.e. using the machines like a small universal testing machine.

One benefit is the automatic execution of the test, the other big advantage lies in the comparability of all

materials within one hardness scale (Fig. 4.198.).

Following functional dependencies can be measured:

-Indentation depth as a function of load during load increase

-Load and indentation depth as functions of time for determining relaxation and creep behaviour

-Elastic recovery during/after unloading

Conventional Hardness Values - Data

Abstract and Figures

Recommended publications

Impact Loading of Thermoplastics - Introduction

Impact Loading of Thermoplastics - Data

Second virial coefficient of poly(methylphenylsilylene)

Izod impact strength of filled and reinforced materials according to ISO 180 – data