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Abstract

Beebread is a product of the hive obtained from pollen collected by bees, to which they add honey, digestive enzymes and subsequently is stored in the combs. The bees transform the bee pollen in beebread by an anaerobic fermentation process. A proper hive management promotes beebread collection, aimed at marketing it for human consumption since it can be considered a valuable food supplement due to its content of a wide range of nutrients. Its value is given by the content in protein, amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, mineral salts, polyphenols and flavonoids, which depends on the botanical source of bee pollen. The nutritional and functional composition of beebread is widely reported; nevertheless, few studies on transformation processes of the pollen to improve the availability of the compounds present in this product were found. Overall, beebread is a recent collected and consumed bee product and at this stage it can be used as a food supplement.
Comparative Study on Quality Parameters of Royal
Jelly, Apilarnil and Queen Bee Larvae Triturate
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Abstract




 
       
              


royal jelly, apilarnil, queen bee larvae, 10-HDA, amino acids
INTRODUCTION
      
     

       
     
       





      


    
et
al.et al.et al.
et al.
et al.    et al. 
et al.  et al.  
Kasmaie et al.   et al. 
et al.et al.
et al. 
et al.
  et al.   
  et al.  
 et al.    
et al.et
al.
52
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74(1) / 2017

     
        
     

     

       
       
       
      


    


      




      


products are listed.
    
 
     
et al.  
et al.
        

  et al. 
      
     
      
 
   
et al.
      
    
     
       




      



et al.
    


        
     
     
      
           
 et al
Table1.

 


et al.
et al.
et al.
 et al.
  
  
    
 
   
    
    
 
   
   
   
   
53
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74(1) / 2017
   et al.   
        


et al.
     

    
 
 


      
    
   et al.  





MATERIALS AND METHODS

        
         

      


       



       

      

      
     
  
       


    

     
       
        
      


      
     
     

       
         
      
    
   
     

      
      
     
      
replicates.
   
      



       




      
         

      
   

     



three replicates.
      
     
  
       





     
      


54
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74(1) / 2017
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 


       
   

       




       



et al.  
        
        





      


    
     
      
        
    
      
    

       
 et al.      
       
     
     
      
      

        

   


et al.
      
     
       
      
      

  


   
et al.
 et al
Table 2.
 
triturate 
   
   
   
  
 
   
   
  
 
   
   
   
   
   
55
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74(1) / 2017





       

       
    de novo  
       
   

       
supplements in human diet.

      

    
      
       

Table 3.
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
Isoleucine (ILE   
  
  
   
   
   
56
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74(1) / 2017

   
  

     
      
     
     




natural supplements.

       



      

       
       
      
      
      
      
       
       
      
     
      
 
    



        


     
     


      
     

     

     
      



       
  
     
    et al.   et
al.   et al.    

these products.
CONCLUSIONS
      

        

       
     
     
other diseases.
      

      


     
       
 


    

      

      


Aknowledgements:   
      
       


REFERENCES
 
 

        

 
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 et al
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Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74(1) / 2017
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
 

  

  


 
       
       

 
        


      
     
  
   


    

         







        
      

      
      

 

       



         
 
      

       
      




        
       

   
 

 


       


        
     
      

         
  

      
     

       

         
         


        
        
      


     

 






         
      
   







      

       

       
     

 
         

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Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74(1) / 2017
        
      


         
      

         



    




         

       

 et al
... Therefore, Decourty et al. [30] suggested that further agriculture and landscape changes might alter bee foraging areas and consequently lead to a deficiency in their sources of food, which may have a negative effect on honey bee populations. This is because honey bees depend on transformed nectar and pollen in the form of honey and beebread, respectively [31]. ...
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Simple Summary Addressing challenges of controlled breeding in honey bees at natural mating stations is important in controlling and maintaining valuable traits of biological and economic interest. Basically, artificial insemination and natural mating are the two reproductive techniques used by beekeepers in maintaining honey bees’ genetic resources. However, little is known on the various sources of variation affecting breeding success at different mating stations. Our study provides an insight, addressing key questions to improve mating success rate of controlled breeding. Selecting mating stations with the maximum cost benefit return is a motivating tool in maintaining valuable genetic materials of honey bees. Our results demonstrated that breeding success of natural mating at controlled mating stations is influenced by the environmental conditions of the area. Mating success rate was high in mating stations with a high percentage of bare land, coniferous forests, deciduous forests, fields, and mixed forests. We suggest that mating stations with mixed forest and fields are potential sites for successful breeding and maintenance of honey bees’ genetic resources. Abstract Honey bee reproductive behavior involves a complicated mating system that embodies a number of factors, including environmental and human-induced factors. Controlled breeding in isolated mating stations is a prerequisite to maintain the genetic resources of honey bees through natural mating. The concept of controlled mating is a challenge in most beekeeping operations due to its low mating success rate. Therefore, a detailed investigation into the suitability of isolated mating stations is of interest. Thus, we bred two subspecies of honey bees (Apis cerana koreana and Apis mellifera L.) in isolated mating stations (island) from 2021 to 2023 and in an open breeding station in 2023. Our results demonstrate that the highest percentage of the mating success rate in isolated mating stations was recorded in the Wido Island, which had the highest percentage of bare land, coniferous forests, deciduous forests, fields, and mixed forests. The mating success rate was higher in the summer and spring for A. cerana and A. mellifera, respectively. The mating success rate was higher in open mating compared to controlled mating (Island) and did not vary between pure-breeding and cross-breeding lines. Our findings suggested that mating stations with mixed forest and fields are potential sites for the successful breeding of honey bees.
... Наприклад, коли у природі сильний взяток і збір бджолами меду сягає більше 3 кг на добу, то бджоли припиняють збирати пилок, а зосереджують свої сили на медозборі (Adamchuk, 2014;Adamchuk et al., 2015;Brodschneider et al., 2010;Omar et al., 2017). Також відмічено, що при дефіциті білкового корму у вулику бджоли нарощують пилкозбиральну активністю (Brovarskyi et al., 2015;Mishchenko, 2015;Mishchenko et al., 2020;Urcan et al., 2017). Водночас наявність у природі великої кількості пилку не стимулює бджіл до високої льотної активності, як це відбувається за наявності нектару. ...
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The research was conducted on bees of different intra-line crosses of the Carpathian subspecies in private apiaries in Navariya village, Lviv region. To conduct experimental studies, 6 groups of 10 bee colonies were formed in each group: I – control group – bees of the Carpathian population of the Vuchkovsky type; II – inbred group ♀ microline "915" x ♂ microline "915"; III – breeding cross ♀ microline "Sto" x ♂ microline "915"; IV – breeding cross ♀ type "Vuchkovsky" x ♂ microline "915"; V – breeding cross ♀ microline "67" x ♂ microline "915"; VI – breeding cross ♀ microline "07" x ♂ microline "915". It was found that bees of different breeding crosses of the Carpathian subspecies differed significantly in flight and pollen collection activity and wax productivity. In terms of flight activity, the bees of the inbred group ♀ microline "915" x ♂ microline "915" significantly differed during observation at 9:00. 12:00 and 15:00 hours. In the morning and at 15:00 hours, the best pollen-collecting activity was characterised by bees of the breeding cross ♀ microline "07" x ♂ microline "915" group. In the afternoon, the bees of the inbred group ♀ microline "915" x ♂ microline "915" collected the most pollen – 312.9, which is 84.1 pieces more than in the control group. In the evening, the best flight activity (392.2 arrivals) and collection of pollen (126.8 pcs.) were observed in insects of the breeding cross ♀ microline "67" x ♂ microline "915". The highest wax yield was characterised by bees of the breeding crosses ♀ microline "07" x ♂ microline "915" and ♀ microline "915" x ♂ microline "915". The strength of the influence of genealogical formation on the flight activity of bees during the day ranged from probable to unreliable values and was in the range of 13.9–28.7%, and on wax productivity in all cases it was reliable P < 0.05, P < 0.001 and ranged, depending on the trait, from 19.2 to 31.3%.
... During the early development of growth bee pollen has shown to affect the villi of the small intestine in the size and length (Wang et al., 2007). Such information may prove that the digestive system may be improved during early stages of a chick's life ( The composition of bee pollen is dependant also on the type of soil and beekeeping practices (Nogueira et al., 2012;Urcan et al., 2017). Soil that is healthy should consist of balanced nutrients having the correct pH, enough water holding capacity, a high microbial activity and should be free from toxins of pesticides and herbicides (Magdoff and Van Es, 2021). ...
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