Recent Advances in Canine and Feline Nutrition, Vol II: 1998 lams Nutrition Symposium

Full text

COMPTES
RENDUS
DE
LIVRES
Reinhart
GA,
Carey
DP,
eds.
Recent
Advances
in
Canine
and
Feline
Nutrition,
Vol
II:
1998
Iams
Nutrition
Symposium.
Orange
Frazer
Press,
Wilmington,
Ohio,
1998.
564
pp.
ISBN
1-882203-21-6.
This
text
is
the
proceedings
of
the
1998
lams
Canine
and
Feline
Nutrition
Symposium.
All
the
research,
funded
by
the
Iams
Corporation,
was
done
in
independent
insti-
tutions
across
the
United
States
and
in
Denmark,
Austria,
England,
and
Australia.
Many
of
the
authors
are
well
known
for
their
research
and
publications
in
the
field
of
small
animal
clinical
nutrition.
The
text
is
divided
into
sections
and
presents
a
comprehensive
review
of
feline
and
canine
clinical
nutrition.
I
recommend
this
text
to
veterinary
students,
acade-
mics,
and
veterinarians
who
have
a
strong
interest
in
nutrition,
as
it
relates
to
the
health
and
performance
of
their
small
animal
patients.
My
main
criticism
of
the
book
is
that
many
of
the
research
results
were
pre-
liminary.
Since
the
publication
of
this
text,
several
of
the
studies
have
been
completed,
subjected
to
peer
review,
and
published.
The
1st
section
on
growth
is
a
review
of
the
impact
that
nutrition
has
on
developmental
orthopedic
disease
and
the
diagnostic
techniques
that
are
used
to
diagnose
orthopedic
disease
in
large
breed
puppies.
Unfortunately,
most
of
the
research
results
presented
in
this
section
were
incomplete
or
statistically
not
significant,
possibly
lead-
ing
to
premature
conclusions.
The
2nd
section
covers
the
management
of
diabetes
in
the
cat
and
dog.
The
pathogenesis
of
feline
diabetes,
risk
factors
associated
with
feline
diabetes,
and
the
clinical
and
pathological
details
are
covered.
The
dietary
use
of
fiber
(carboxymethylcellulose)
in
controlling
the
post-
prandial
glycemic
response
is
explored.
In
another
chapter,
the
authors
conclude
that
by
manipulating
dietary
fiber,
the
risk
of
health
complications
associated
with
diabetes
mellitus
may
be
reduced.
A
review
of
chromium
as
a
potentiator
of
insulin
action
is
presented.
Another
paper
presents
research
into
the
glycemic
response
of
normal
adult
dogs
to
dietary
starch
from
different
sources.
Barley
was
found
to
have
a
low
glycemic
response,
sorghum
starch
was
also
effective.
Rice
as
a
source
of
starch
is
contraindicated
in
diets
related
to
poor
glucose
control
in
diabetic
or
obese
dogs.
A
3rd
section
on
obesity
follows.
The
first
chapters
review
obesity
in
the
dog
and
cat
and
the
experimental
techniques
used
to
assess
the
body
composition.
An
experiment
validates
the
use
of
the
Dexa
(dual
energy
x-ray
absorbtiometry)
method.
Metabolic
complications
associated
with
obesity
are
reviewed
and
an
approach
to
weight
loss
is
presented.
The
impact
of
diet
on
feline
hepatic
fatty
acid
metabolism
is
discussed
in
relationship
to
feline
hepatic
lipidosis.
The
various
nutritional
approaches
to
weight
loss
in
the
cat,
both
experimental
and
applied,
follow.
Research
into
the
impact
of
low
fat,
low
fiber
diets
in
the
management
of
obese
cats
is
presented.
The
4th
section,
on
neonatal
health,
covers
the
anatom-
ical,
microbial,
and
functional
development
of
the
feline
and
canine
gastrointestinal
tract,
and
the
development
and
adaptation
of
the
exocrine
pancreas
from
birth
to
wean-
ing.
The
influence
of
age
on
the
immune
system
and
the
role
that
the
immune
system
plays
in
gastrointestinal
function
is
reviewed.
A
chapter
covers
the
complex
components
of
milk
that
contribute
to
the
growth
of
the
puppy
and
kitten.
When
milk
replacement
is
required,
the
ingredients
for
protein
and
fat
must
meet
the
amino
acid
and
fatty
acid
profiles
of
the
maternal
milk
through-
out
lactation.
The
5th
section
deals
with
the
impact
of
nutrition
on
physical
stress.
Water
balance
and
hydration
strategies
are
reviewed.
Research
into
the
use
of
glycerol
as
a
way
to
maintain
a
hydrated
state
during
prolonged
exer-
cise
is
presented.
Free
radical
production
during
the
aerobic
metabolism
and
the
role
of
antioxidants
are
reviewed
and
the
value
of
antioxidant
supplementation
is
discussed.
Research
into
the
benefits
of
diets
containing
specific
ratios
of
n-3:
n-6
fatty
acids
and
medium-
chained
triglycerides
is
presented.
The
impact
of
protein
metabolism
on
water and
electrolyte
concentrations
in
Alaskan
sled
dogs
is
discussed.
The
6th
section,
on
geriatrics,
reviews
and
presents
the
preliminary
research
results
on
the
impact
that
vita-
min
E
has
on
the
immune
response.
The
role
of
omega-6
and
-3
fatty
acids
in
cytokine
production
and
osteoarthro-
sis
is
explored.
The
nutritional
implications
of
age-
related
changes
in
the
physiological
functions
of
dogs
and
cats
is
reviewed.
The
impact
of
age
on
protein
metabo-
lism
and
requirements
is
presented.
Chapters
on
the
clinical
assessment
of
renal
disease
and
the
nutritional
needs
of
animals
with
chronic
renal
failure
follow.
The
influence
of
dietary
protein
and
energy
on
the
progression
of
renal
disease
in
cats
is
discussed.
The
7th
section,
on
gastrointestinal
disease,
reviews
the
pathogenesis
and
clinical
diagnosis
of
intestinal
diseases.
The
primary
focus
of
this
section
is
the
role
that
fiber
plays
in
maintaining
normal
gastrointestinal
flora
and
function.
The
final
section
reviews
the
impact
that
nutrition
has
on
the
immune
response.
A
general
review
of
the
immune
system
is
followed
by
the
role
of
P,-carotene
in
maintaining
the
health
of
the
immune
system.
Research
into
the
role
of
fermentable
fiber
in
the
immunology
of
the
gastrointestinal
tract
is
covered.
Appropriate
nutrition
and
energy
dense
diets
are
covered
in
relationship
to
pro-
viding
maintenance
requirements
in
dogs
undergoing
radiation
therapy.
The
role
of
dietary
lutein
and
chromium
in
regulating
immune
function
and
disease
etiology
is
presented.
Reviewed
by
Marion
Smart
DVM,
PhD,
Professor,
Department
of
Veterinary
Internal
Medicine,
Western
College
of
Veterinary
Medicine,
52
Campus
Drive,
Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan
S7N
5B4.
Can
Vet
J
Volume
41,
January
2000
BOOK
REVIEWS
32