Mantendo os Pés no Chão: Refletir, Monitorar e Agir diante Eventos Sísmicos

Abstract

RESUMO Desastres são processos onde as operações normais dos sistemas urbanos (infraestrutura, prioridades da sociedade e das instituições públicas) são afetadas. Nas circunstâncias em que ocorrem sismos, há uma curta janela de tempo para se preparar para a chegada do evento (no intervalo de segundos a minutos), o que representa um considerável desafio para as operações de emergência para evitar que desastres ocorram. Assim, é de importância fundamental empoderar as instituições e os indivíduos/grupos para avaliar os riscos e ter conhecimento sobre as ações mais apropriadas antes de se confrontarem com tais eventos. Tendo em conta diferentes casos de ocorrência dos mesmos, as perturbações que provocam no espaço assim como o debate no tema, esse estudo considera a disponibilidade e diferenças entre ferramentas digitais para monitorar e avaliar eventos sísmicos. As conclusões mostram um quadro de novas ferramentas digitais para alertas sísmicos que poderiam aumentar o controle social em torno desses riscos. Palavras-chave: Desastres, sismos, riscos, empoderamento social, planejamento urbano, espaço. ABSTRACT Disasters are processes where the normal operations of urban systems (infrastructure, priorities of society and public institutions organizations) are affected. In the case of seismic hazards, there is only a short time-window to prepare for the arrival of an event (in the range of seconds to minutes' range), which represents a considerable challenge for the local emergency in charge of avoiding disasters taking place. Hence, it is of fundamental importance to empower these institutions and the vulnerable individuals/groups to evaluate the risks and have knowledge of the most appropriate actions before the hazard reaches them. Taking into account the different cases of occurrence of these events, the effects on the space, as well as the debate in this theme, this study considers the availability and differences between digital tools for monitoring and assessment of the earthquake hazard. The conclusions show a framework of new digital tools for early-warning that could increase the social control around of these risks.

Full text

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21#
MANTENDO OS PÉS NO CHÃO:
REFLETIR, MONITORAR E AGIR
DIANTE EVENTOS SÍSMICOS
Pq. ARTHUR VALENCIO1
Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Abeerden (Reino Unido)
Prof. Dr. NORMA VALENCIO
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
Prof. Dr. FREDERICO YURI HANAI
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
RESUMO
Desastres são processos onde as operações normais
dos sistemas urbanos (infraestrutura, prioridades da
sociedade e das instituições públicas) são afetadas.
Nas circunstâncias em que ocorrem sismos, há uma
curta janela de tempo para se preparar para a chegada
do evento (no intervalo de segundos a minutos), o que
representa um considerável desafio para as operações
de emergência para evitar que desastres ocorram.
Assim, é de importância fundamental empoderar as
instituições e os indivíduos/grupos para avaliar os
riscos e ter conhecimento sobre as ações mais
apropriadas antes de se confrontarem com tais
eventos. Tendo em conta diferentes casos de
ocorrência dos mesmos, as perturbações que
provocam no espaço assim como o debate no tema,
esse estudo considera a disponibilidade e diferenças
entre ferramentas digitais para monitorar e avaliar
eventos sísmicos. As conclusões mostram um quadro
de novas ferramentas digitais para alertas sísmicos
que poderiam aumentar o controle social em torno
desses riscos.
Palavras-chave: Desastres, sismos, riscos,
empoderamento social, planejamento urbano,
espaço.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"!#$%&%!'()*!
ABSTRACT
Disasters are processes where the normal operations
of urban systems (infrastructure, priorities of society
and public institutions organizations) are affected. In
the case of seismic hazards, there is only a short time-
window to prepare for the arrival of an event (in the
range of seconds to minutes’ range), which represents
a considerable challenge for the local emergency in
charge of avoiding disasters taking place. Hence, it is
of fundamental importance to empower these
institutions and the vulnerable individuals/groups to
evaluate the risks and have knowledge of the most
appropriate actions before the hazard reaches them.
Taking into account the different cases of occurrence
of these events, the effects on the space, as well as the
debate in this theme, this study considers the
availability and differences between digital tools for
monitoring and assessment of the earthquake hazard.
The conclusions show a framework of new digital tools
for early-warning that could increase the social control
around of these risks.
Keywords: Disasters, seismic events, risks, social
empowerment, urban planning, space.

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INTRODUÇÃO
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1 DIMENSÕES SOCIAIS E POLÍTICAS DO DESASTRE
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RETC - Revista Eletrônica de Tecnologia e Cultura 20ª Edição, Abril de 2017
25#
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RETC - Revista Eletrônica de Tecnologia e Cultura 20ª Edição, Abril de 2017
26#
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RETC - Revista Eletrônica de Tecnologia e Cultura 20ª Edição, Abril de 2017
27#
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RETC - Revista Eletrônica de Tecnologia e Cultura 20ª Edição, Abril de 2017
28#
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2 AVANÇOS CIENTÍFICOS E TECNOLÓGICOS PARA O MONITORAMENTO DE SISMOS!
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RETC - Revista Eletrônica de Tecnologia e Cultura 20ª Edição, Abril de 2017
30#
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Figura 1: Diagramas de propagação de ondas em sólidos. (a) Onda compressiva (onda P).
(b) Onda longitudinal (onda S)!
Fonte: elaborado pelo primeiro autor.!
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31#
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RETC - Revista Eletrônica de Tecnologia e Cultura 20ª Edição, Abril de 2017
32#
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Figura 2: Diagrama simplificado de um sistema de alerta sísmico antecipado.!
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Fonte: elaborado pelo primeiro autor.
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RETC - Revista Eletrônica de Tecnologia e Cultura 20ª Edição, Abril de 2017
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2.1 NOTA SOBRE MEDIÇÃO DE VARIAÇÕES DE GRAVIDADE DEVIDO À SISMOS
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RETC - Revista Eletrônica de Tecnologia e Cultura 20ª Edição, Abril de 2017
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2.2 SISMÔMETROS
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!
Figura 3: Sismógrafo histórico exibido no Departamento de Sismologia da Universidade Nacional
Autônoma do México (esquerda ao topo: sismômetro; direita: sismógrafo; esquerda inferior: sismograma exibindo
dados do terremoto do México de 1985). Dados do sismograma produzidos pelo Prof. Vladimir Kostoglodov, UNAM!
!
Fonte: Arquivo dos pesquisadores.
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