No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
How coffee affects metabolic syndrome and its components?
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, with its increasing prevalence, is becoming a major public health problem throughout the world. Many risk factors including nutrition play a role in the emergence of metabolic syndrome. Of the most consumed beverages in the world, coffee contains more than 1000 components such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid, diterpenes and trigonellin. It has been proven in many studies that coffee consumption has a positive effect on chronic diseases. In this review, starting from the beneficial effects of coffee on health, the relationship between coffee consumption, and metabolic syndrome and its components has been investigated. There are few studies investigating the relationship between coffee and metabolic syndrome, and the existing ones put forward different findings. The factors leading to differences are thought to stem from coffee variety, the physiological effects of coffee elements, and the nutritional ingredients (such as milk and sugar) added to coffee. It is reported that consumption of coffee in adults up to three cups a day reduces the risk of Type-2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
... In terms of the impact of coffee consumption on waist circumference (WC) and body weight, the precise methods by which coffee components influence body composition remain unclear. Caffeine, a significant component of coffee, has been shown to increase lipolytic activity, cellular thermogenesis, norepinephrine release, and adrenaline hormone activity by acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist [5]. In an earlier research study, the impact of extended coffee consumption on 1141 individuals over 7.6 years revealed a notable decrease in WC with higher coffee intake levels [6]. ...
... Furthermore, meta-analyses have shown that the regular consumption of more than three cups of coffee per day is not connected with hypertension (HTN). Caffeine, a coffee component, is thought to impact heart rate and BP via a variety of physiological routes [5]. A 6-year study investigated the impact of consistent coffee intake on BP levels and discovered a link between regular coffee consumption and lower BP [7]. ...
... When evaluating the effects of coffee on blood lipids, it is worth noting that the amounts of Cafestol and Kahweol, two chemicals in coffee linked to elevated cholesterol, can be largely reduced by using a paper filter. However, prolonged cooking can increase these cholesterol-raising chemicals [5]. A previous study found that drinking coffee was connected to lower levels of blood triglycerides (TGs) [9]. ...
Background: Previous research has linked high coffee consumption to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to assess the relationship between coffee consumption and MetS components among Saudi adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on adults who met at least three criteria for a MetS diagnosis. Data concerning demographics, lifestyle, sleeping patterns, medical health, anthropometric measurements, habitual coffee drinking, and lab levels for HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TGs, HbA1c, and FBG were collected. Results: Of the 95 participants, 51% were women, 75.8% were >50 years old, 75.8% were obese, 62% were used to practicing physical activity, 74.5% never smoked, 56.4% slept < 7 h/day, and 89.5% were coffee consumers. Of these, 94.7% had high waist circumference, 63.2% had high BP, 47.4% had high FBG, 41.1% had low HDL, and 23.2% had high TGs. For coffee consumers, 37.6% drank a small cup, 34.5% drank coffee once daily, 89.4% drank Arabic coffee, and 75.3% added no additives. Conclusions: No significant association was found between coffee consumption patterns and any MetS component, with the exception of elevated TGs, which was strongly associated with coffee cup size and number of daily cups. Waist circumference and BMI had a strong positive correlation with coffee cup size, and there was a significant relationship between the number of daily cups, BMI, and TC. Further prospective studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.
... Similarly, in the United States, the prevalence of obesity is getting worse, and severe obesity increases currently at an annual rate of >9.0% (3). In fact, increased obesity is believed to be a main contributor to the development/progression of several human chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, hypertension, kidney diseases, osteoarthritis, infection, and cancers (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Particularly, the transition of individuals from the nonobese category [BMI (in kg/m 2 ) < 30] to the obese category (BMI > 30) is occurring at an alarming rate, worsening obesity globally (13,14). ...
... Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of health/disease-related conditions such as excess abdominal body fat, high blood glucose, abnormal cholesterol/TG concentrations, and high blood pressure. In fact, metabolic syndrome is considered as a major risk factor for diabetes, heart attack, stroke, and others (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Unfortunately, metabolic syndrome is becoming prevalent worldwide owing to increasing obesity (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Especially the transition of nonobese individuals (BMI < 25) to overweight and eventually obese individuals (BMI > 30) is a significant contributor to worsening obesity and metabolic syndromes (13)(14)(15). ...
... For years, modern lifestyles, high-calorie diets, and genetic factors have been considered as major risk factors for increasing obesity. However, several studies have suggested that some diet components (e.g., unhealthy meals and drinks) and their compounds may also play significant roles in the development of obesity-related metabolic conditions (11,16,17). Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate food/drink components, related to obesity and related disease conditions. ...
Background:
Diet plays an unequivocal role in the development of obesity. Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated that coffee products containing javamide-I/-II may be commonly found in the market. However, there is no information about in vivo effects of coffee containing javamide-I/-II (CCJ12) on obesity-related metabolic factors (body weight, LDL, HDL, total cholesterols, triglycerides, adiponectin, and leptin) in nonobese people.
Objectives:
The objective of this study was to investigate in vivo effects of CCJ12 on these metabolic factors as well as inflammatory/cardiovascular disease risk factors [C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] in a nonobese model.
Methods:
Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed a complete diet for 20 wk with either drinking water containing CCJ12 [coffee containing javamide-I/-II group (CG), n = 10] or unsupplemented drinking water [water control group (NCG), n = 10]. The amounts of javamide-I/-II in CCJ12 were quantified by HPLC. Water/food consumption and body weight were monitored weekly, and the concentrations of metabolic/inflammatory/cardiovascular disease risk factors were measured by ELISA.
Results:
There was no significant difference in water/food consumption between the NCG and CG during the study. Also, no significant difference was found in average body weights between the groups either. In addition, after 20 wk, both groups did not show any significant difference in plasma LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol concentrations. Likewise, adiponectin and leptin concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. As expected, the 2 groups did not show any significant difference in plasma concentrations of CRP and sE-selectin. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in plasma concentrations of TNF-α and MCP-1 between the groups.
Conclusions:
The data suggest that CCJ12 may not have significant effects on the metabolic/inflammatory/cardiovascular disease risk factors in the CG, compared with the NCG.
... Notably, some of the populations surveyed in these studies drank coffee regularly with added sugar and cream, which might be a confounding factor that affected these results (Kim and Park, 2017). The variations in the observed results might also be due to the effects of the different bioactive compounds contained in coffee (Baspinar et al., 2017). ...
... Several hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the induction of T2DM by these compounds have been postulated. Caffeine is considered to lower the risk of T2DM by increasing insulin release from pancreatic beta cells and improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (Baspinar et al., 2017;Gao et al., 2018). Chlorogenic acid reportedly lowers the risk of T2DM by inhibiting sodium-dependent transporters in the intestine and inhibiting glucose-6-phosphate translocase enzyme activity, as well as having a protective effect against oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells (Baspinar et al., 2017;Gökcen and Sanlier, 2019). ...
... Caffeine is considered to lower the risk of T2DM by increasing insulin release from pancreatic beta cells and improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (Baspinar et al., 2017;Gao et al., 2018). Chlorogenic acid reportedly lowers the risk of T2DM by inhibiting sodium-dependent transporters in the intestine and inhibiting glucose-6-phosphate translocase enzyme activity, as well as having a protective effect against oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells (Baspinar et al., 2017;Gökcen and Sanlier, 2019). Other coffee bioactive compounds that have been considered to have antidiabetic properties include, theophylline (Ruddarraju et al., 2019) and trigonelline (Aldakinah et al., 2017). ...
Coffee consumption has been associated with the reduction of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The aim of this review was to summarize the research conducted in the last five years (or older, when appropriate) on the relationship between the consumption of coffee bioactive compounds, obesity, and T2DM. A bibliographic search was performed using the Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords used were “caffeine,” “coffee,” “coffee consumption,” “coffee extraction,” “coffee bioactive components,” “chlorogenic acid,” “obesity,” “antidiabetic,” and “antiadipogenic.” Epidemiological, clinical, animal, and cell culture studies were reviewed. Caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and diterpenes have been identified as potential bioactive compounds in coffee that exhibit antiadipogenic and antidiabetic effects. The concentration of these compounds in coffee depends on the coffee preparation method. The relationship between coffee consumption and obesity risk is inconsistent, as not all results report a positive association. The addition of sugar and cream may be responsible for these mixed results. The consumption of coffee and its constituents is consistently associated with a lower T2DM risk. Caffeine, chlorogenic acids, and diterpenes have antidiabetic properties and are associated with these effects. The available data do not allow us to draw a conclusion on the effect of coffee or its constituents on adipogenesis. Therefore, more tightly controlled human intervention studies are required for a deeper understanding about this relationship.
... Numerous studies have focused on the health outcomes associated with coffee intake, revealing links to various benefits, including reduced overall mortality rates [5] and decreased risks of cardiovascular death [5,6], liver disease [7,8], type 2 diabetes [9], and Parkinson's disease [4,10]. Intervention trials show that coffee, primarily caffeine, enhances short-term glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity [11,12]. A meta-analysis showed that each additional daily cup of coffee reduces type 2 diabetes risk by 7% [13]. ...
... By utilizing genetic variants as instrumental variables, MR allows for more reliable causal inferences, overcoming biases associated with unmeasured confounders. Previous observational studies on coffee intake and gynecological diseases have yielded mixed results, with some suggesting protective effects, particularly for ovarian cancer, while others show no significant association or even adverse effects [11]. Such inconsistencies are likely due to confounding. ...
Introduction
Gynecological diseases, including infections, endocrine disorders, and tumors, significantly impact women’s quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic factors, nutrition, and dietary habits, such as coffee consumption, may influence these conditions. This study employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) to investigate the relationship between coffee intake and gynecological diseases.
Material and methods
Publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) GWAS database were analyzed using the TwoSampleMR R package. Data on coffee consumption were extracted from the UK Biobank. Instrumental variables were selected based on p < 5 × 10–8 and F-statistic > 10, and causal relationships were assessed using inverse variance weighting (IVW) and the Wald ratio (WR) method. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were tested using MR-Egger regression. A negative control analysis using skin color was performed to address confounding by population stratification.
Results
The 2SMR analysis identified significant associations between coffee intake and reduced risks of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.84), ovarian cyst (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.95), and endometriosis (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). Conversely, increased risks were noted for endometrioid ovarian cancer (OR = 7.88, 95% CI: 1.05–59.22). Analysis of different coffee types revealed that ground coffee was associated with decreased risks of ovarian cancer and endometriosis, while decaffeinated coffee showed positive associations with ovarian cancer and endometriosis.
Conclusions
Coffee intake, especially ground coffee, may lower the risk of certain gynecological diseases. However, decaffeinated coffee may increase these risks. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these findings.
... One of the major components of CP, and particularly of our CP sample, is dietary fiber [8], and soluble dietary fiber has been reported to reduce obesity-related health problems by reducing food intake, weight gain, and adiposity [46]. Additionally, phenolic compounds, such as caffeine, are also found in high concentrations in CP, including our sample [8], and caffeine has also been reported to prevent body weight increase by stimulating thermogenesis, lipolysis, energy expenditure, and resting metabolic rate [47]. Based on the considerations outlined above, it is likely that both fiber and caffeine play an important role in the weight-reducing effects associated with CP. ...
... Additionally, chlorogenic acid has also been associated with a protective antihyperglycemic effect on T2D through several mechanisms: by enhancing insulin sensitivity [60], inhibiting G6P displacement enzymes [61], and decreasing glucose absorption [58]. In addition, its antioxidant properties appear to help reduce the oxidative stress associated with insulin resistance and T2D [47]. ...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Coffee production generates large quantities of waste products, which pose a serious threat to the environment. However, coffee by-products, such as coffee pulp (CP), possess an undeniable wealth of bioactive components. Based on this, we investigated whether a 10-week dietary intervention with 250 mg/kg/d of CP could prevent or ameliorate MetS in high-fructose-fed rats. Consumption of CP by rats fed a high-fructose diet reduced body weight gain, lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, and improved insulin resistance compared to rats fed a high-fructose diet alone. At the hepatic level, CP attenuated the increase in lipid storage, reduced lipid peroxidation, and improved glutathione levels when combined with a high-fructose diet. CP also affected the expression of key genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in hepatic and adipose tissues, in rats fed a fructose-rich diet. This study demonstrates that CP ameliorates several consequences of high-fructose-induced MetS in the rat (weight gain, hypertension, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, changes in liver, and adipose tissue function). Hence, our data provide evidence that CP consumption in the context of a high-fructose diet can be used to improve MetS management.
... Coffee is a worldwide popular beverage, and caffeine is a major water-soluble component of coffee [10]. Coffee has been reported to play a beneficial role in human health, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic syndrome [10,11]. ...
... Coffee is a worldwide popular beverage, and caffeine is a major water-soluble component of coffee [10]. Coffee has been reported to play a beneficial role in human health, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic syndrome [10,11]. Some studies have reported the regulatory effect of coffee on the colonic motor function and gut microbiota [12][13][14]. ...
Background
Caffeine has been reported to increase gastrointestinal motility and change intestinal microbiota. Constipation may be caused by colonic motor dysfunction and colonic microbiomeis disturbances. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between caffeine intake and constipation.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Caffeine intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall method, and constipation was defined based on stool consistency or stool frequency. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between caffeine intake and constipation, and results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Subgroup analysis was performed based on age.
Results
A total of 13,816 participants were finally included for analysis. After adjusting potential confounders, high intake of caffeine was found to be associated with the low odds of constipation (Q3: OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.49–0.74; Q4: OR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.59–0.99; Q5: OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.56–0.92). The similar association was found in young people and middle-age people (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
High caffeine intake was associated with the low odds of constipation. Our finding indicated that individuals should develop consciousness and habit of consuming caffeinated foods and drinks to prevent and relief the constipation.
... Recently, there has been a growing focus on the impact of diet on the development and management of MetS [7]. Among the numerous dietary components, coffee and tea have gained particular attention because of their potential influence on metabolism [8,9]. Tea and coffee, two beverages widely consumed worldwide, are also recognised for their bioactive compounds, such as caffeine and polyphenols, which are known to have various physiological effects on human metabolism, including improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, and protection against CVD [10,11]. ...
... Tea and coffee, two beverages widely consumed worldwide, are also recognised for their bioactive compounds, such as caffeine and polyphenols, which are known to have various physiological effects on human metabolism, including improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, and protection against CVD [10,11]. Studies have suggested that regular consumption of tea and coffee may be linked to a lower risk of developing MetS and its components [8,12]. While previous studies have explored the association between tea and coffee consumption and mortality [13,14], limited evidence specifically focuses on patients with MetS. ...
Background
The relationship between tea and coffee consumption and mortality among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains barely explored. Herein, this study aimed to examine the association between tea and coffee consumption and the likelihood of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with MetS.
Methods
A total of 118,872 participants with MetS at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort were included. Information on tea and coffee consumption was obtained during recruitment using a touchscreen questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were determined using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
During a median follow-up of 13.87 years, 13,666 deaths were recorded, with 5913, 3362, and 994 deaths from cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and respiratory disease (RD), respectively. This research showed a significant inverse association between tea intake and the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality, the respective HRs (95% CI) for consuming tea 2 vs. 0 cup/day were 0.89 (0.84–0.95), and 0.91 (0.83–0.99), and tea intake ≥ 4 cups/day could reduce CVD mortality by 11% (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81–0.98). The U-shaped nonlinear association between coffee intake and all-cause/CVD mortality was examined (all p-nonlinear < 0.001). The HRs (95% CI) for coffee consumption 1 vs. 0 cup/day were 0.93 (0.89–0.98) and 0.89 (0.80–0.99), and for ≥ 4 vs. 0 cup/day were 1.05 (1.01–1.11) and 1.13 (1.03–1.25), respectively. Notably, the combined intake of tea and coffee presented a protective effect against all-cause mortality (HR < 1).
Conclusions
The importance of daily tea and moderate coffee consumption in individuals with MetS to optimise health benefits are highlighted.
... Importantly, coffee is a pharmacologically active fluid. There are many biologically active substances in its composition [81]. These include carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogenous compounds, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, lactones, diterpenes, antioxidants, alkaloids, and caffeine, which constitutes about 1% of the total composition of coffee [82,83]. ...
... This substance exhibits a number of therapeutic actions. It has been demonstrated that it reduces the migration of monocytes and neutrophils, reduces blood glucose levels, has an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect, and protects against neurodegeneration [81,83,84]. ...
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Immunological, genetic, and environmental factors, including diet, play a part in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Metabolic syndrome or its components are frequent comorbidities in persons with psoriasis. A change of eating habits can improve the quality of life of patients by relieving skin lesions and by reducing the risk of other diseases. A low-energy diet is recommended for patients with excess body weight. Persons suffering from psoriasis should limit the intake of saturated fatty acids and replace them with polyunsaturated fatty acids from the omega-3 family, which have an anti-inflammatory effect. In diet therapy for persons with psoriasis, the introduction of antioxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E,
carotenoids, flavonoids, and selenium is extremely important. Vitamin D supplementation is also recommended. Some authors suggest that alternative diets have a positive effect on the course of psoriasis. These diets include: a gluten-free diet, a vegetarian diet, and a Mediterranean diet. Diet therapy for patients with psoriasis should also be tailored to pharmacological treatment. For instance, folic acid supplementation is introduced in persons taking methotrexate. The purpose of this paper is to discuss in detail the nutritional recommendations for persons with psoriasis.
... Some biological studies have shown that coffee consumption may be associated with PCOS due to the potential effect of caffeine or other components on hormonal regulation. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid in coffee, have been recognized to improve insulin sensitivity (13,14). It was reported that increasing caffeine intake was inversely associated with bioavailable testosterone while positively correlated with SHBG (15,16). ...
... Although it was previously believed that coffee should be consumed less or not at all for the possible adverse effects on human health, recent researches have shown that coffee may be bene cial because of its bioactive components (14,22). Caffeine, along with chlorogenic acid(CGA), a mainly phenolic component in coffee, has been shown to be bene cial in maintaining metabolic homeostasis (23)(24)(25). ...
Background
Coffee has become one of the most common beverages worldwide. Some components in coffee have been reported to be beneficial to the regulation of hormones related to polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), and therefore may limit the development of PCOS. However, epidemiological evidence on the relationship between coffee consumption and PCOS is limited. In this study, we aimed at investigating the association between coffee consumption and PCOS risk.
Methods
The study was a hospital-based case-control study conducted at Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, from July 2018 to January 2020. Data was collected from 206 women with PCOS and 206 healthy women. A self-designed structured questionnaire was employed to collect relevant information from study participants. Sleep quality was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusted for other confounding factors.
Results
A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between coffee consumption and PCOS. After adjusting all potential confounding factors, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that compared to non-drinker, the ORs(95%CI) for ≤ 1 cup/week, 2–3 cups/week and > 3 cups/week were 0.322(0.180–0.574), 0.263(0.104–0.664) and 0.152(0.046–0.563), respectively, and the linear trend was also statistically significant(P for trend < 0.01).
Conclusions
Coffee consumption was found to be associated with a reduced risk of PCOS. Given the scarcity of studies on coffee consumption and PCOS, as well as the inherent limitations of our study, the prospective cohort studies in the future are needed to verify our results.
... Many studies in various species have shown that caffeine has neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients by enhancing memory function while potentially increasing anxiety and negatively affecting sleep [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Additionally, it contributes to intestinal health by improving colonic motor function and altering intestinal microbial communities [13][14][15][16]. The alteration in the intestinal microbiome due to dietary intake is known to be linked to several diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and diabetes [17]. ...
Background: Intestinal aging is characterized by declining protein homeostasis via reduced proteasome activity, which are hallmarks of age-related diseases. Our previous study showed that caffeine intake improved intestinal integrity with age by reducing vitellogenin (VIT, yolk protein) in C. elegans. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms by which caffeine intake improves intestinal integrity and reduces vitellogenin (VIT) production in aged Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: We performed RNA-seq analysis, and qRT-PCR to validate and confirm the RNA-seq results. Transgenic worms with VIT-2::GFP and VIT-6::GFP were used for measuring VIT production. dsRNAi was conducted to elucidate the roles of pas-1 and pas-3 genes. Results: pas-1 and pas-3, a C. elegans ortholog of human PASM4, was upregulated by caffeine intake. They reduced VIT production by repressing unc-62, a transcriptional activator of vit expression. Interestingly, vit-2 was required for pas-1 and pas-3 expression, and RNAi of pas-1 and pas-3 promoted intestinal atrophy and colonization, suggesting a balancing mechanism for VIT levels in intestinal health. Additionally, lifespan was extended by caffeine intake (2 ± 0.05 days), however, this effect was not observed by pas-1 but not pas-3 RNAi, suggesting that the mode of action for an anti-aging effect of caffeine through pas-1 and pas-3 is distinctive. The lifespan extended by pas-1 was mediated by SKN-1 activation. Conclusions: Caffeine intake enhances intestinal health through proteasome activity and extends lifespan in aged C. elegans by upregulating pas-1 and pas-3. These findings suggest that caffeine consumption mitigates age-related proteasome impairment and maintains intestinal integrity during aging.
... Therefore, we reasoned that DPN could be successfully reversed by a treatment that can alter these neuronal and vascular components. Additionally, administration of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress measures and neuroprotective substances, is beneficial, especially if these are natural compounds as food additives or regular drinks (Butt and Sultan, 2011;Baspinar et al., 2017). ...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to injuries to many organs including the nervous system. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes; it can result in disruption of Schwann cells (SCs) function, degeneration of nerve axons and demyelination. SCs provide trophic support to neurons and myelin formation and their role in nerve injury and regeneration is very crucial. Caffeine, a psychoactive beverage, was found to reduce the risk of many disorders including nervous system degeneration. The purpose of this study was to address the role of caffeine in peripheral nerve degeneration in a rat model of T2DM. Wistar rats were fed with a high caloric diet and injected with a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Caffeine was administered to the rats orally for 5 weeks and was given one week before injection of STZ. The rats were sacrificed, then sciatic nerves were harvested, and processed for histological and electron microscopic evaluations. Immunohistochemistry was also done using the primary antibodies: anti S-100 (Schwann cell marker), anti-MBP (myelin basic protein) and anti-VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A). Examination of the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats revealed degeneration of SCs and axons, myelin, and connective tissue coverings. There was decrease in immunostaining of S-100 and MBP and increase in VEGFA, in diabetic rats. Administration of caffeine to diabetic rats resulted in improvement of histological and ultrastructural changes and upregulation of S-100, MBP, and downregulation of VEGFA. There were degenerative changes of the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats that were ameliorated by the administration of caffeine.
... Welis et al reported, that coffea robusta has the potential to prevent post-exercise oxidative stress (Welis et al., 2022). Caffeine is an alkaloid compound in coffee, which increases insulin release from pancreatic β cells and improves glucose tolerance (Baspinar, Eskici, & Ozcelik, 2017). Flavonoids prevent insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity (Galleano et al., 2012), and mangiferin can improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance (Fomenko & Chi, 2016). ...
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of kawa leaf coffee drinks in reducing oxidative stress after physical exercise. This research is a pre-experiment with a one group pretest-post-test design. A total of 10 pentanque athletes aged between 18-22 years (male; n1=6 and female; n2=4) participated voluntarily. The research procedure includes taking blood samples as pretest and post-test data to analyze levels of Hemoglobin (Hb), Leukocytes, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Participants run 400 m and rested for 10-15 minutes, then were given kawa leaf coffee which had been soaked in boiling hot water for five minutes. The results of the study showed that analysis of the antioxidant activity of kawa leaf coffee drinks that were soaked in boiling water for 5 minutes had the best oxidant activity (6936.58 ppm with 6.93%). This drink has an effective influence on oxidative stress levels, and there is no significant potential as a balancer for Hb, Leukocytes, MDA, and IL-6 (p>0.05). In conclusion, kawa leaf coffee can be used as an alternative drink for athletes and non-athletes to minimize spikes in MDA as a marker of oxidative stress after physical exercise. Keywords: physical exercise, oxidative stress, kawa leaf coffee
... Consistent with our results, previous studies have reported that both UN and roasted coffee can decrease body weight gain in rats induced to be obese (Gamboa-Gómez et al., 2023). Coffee may prevent weight gain through several mechanisms, including elevated resting metabolic rate, increased lipolytic activity (fat breakdown), norepinephrine release, cellular thermogenesis, and accelerated energy expenditure (Baspinar et al., 2017). Polyphenols such as chlorogenic and caffeic acid, as well as melanoidins, are considered the main bioactive compounds responsible for coffee's anti-obesity effect (Tarigan et al., 2022). ...
This study aimed to assess the impact of roasting degree on antioxidant and metabolic parameters in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we evaluated radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of digestive enzymes (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase). In vivo, we first examined coffee's effect on carbohydrate and lipid absorption in healthy rats, followed by a chronic evaluation of metabolic disorders and antioxidant markers using a diet-induced obesity model. In vitro results revealed that increased roasting degree reduced the antioxidant capacity of coffee brews. All brews showed lower inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and lipase inhibition compared to the positive control (acarbose or orlistat). In vivo, all roasting degrees consistently reduced postprandial glucose levels by 20%. Notably, coffee with a high roasting degree (HRD) decreased serum triglycerides (TG) by ∼44% after a lipid load, while other roasts did not. Chronic administration of unroasted (UN) or HRD coffee significantly reduced weight gain compared to the obese control (∼15% and ∼10%, respectively). Notably, all coffee samples improved lipid metabolism parameters. UN and HRD coffee significantly decreased adipocyte volume by 58% and 48%, respectively, compared to the obese control. Additionally, all groups exhibited less than 30% hepatic lipid droplets independent of roasting degree. HRD treatment notably increased liver catalase (CAT) activity and reduced lipid peroxidation in serum (∼90%), liver (∼59%), and adipose tissue (∼37%) compared to the obese control group. These findings suggest that HRD in coffee may confer certain biological advantages.
... This study targeted local residents and recruited participants by mailing recruitment invitations, so there was a difference in the number of females and males. Studies that have investigated the relationship between coffee and MetS have reported conflicting results, which could be due to the coffee variety and/or the food ingredients added to the coffee (milk, sugar, etc.) [24]. A study reported that participants who drank instant coffee mix containing sugar and powdered creamer ≥3 times/day were 1.37 times more likely to be obese than those who drank the same type of coffee <1 time/week [25]. ...
Background:
Eating speed has been implicated as a leading cause of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is difficult to break the habit of eating fast. Since coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of MetS, we investigated the association between eating speed and the amount of coffee consumed with MetS.
Methods:
This study included data from 3881 participants (2498 females and 1383 males). We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information on participants' coffee consumption (<1 cup/day and ≥1 cup/day) and eating speed (slow, normal, or fast). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of MetS due to eating speed and the amount of coffee consumed.
Results:
The group that consumed ≥1 cup/day of coffee (filtered or instant) had a lower OR for MetS compared to the group that consumed <1 cup/day (OR: 0.695; 95% Cl: 0.570-0.847). The eating fast group, compared to the eating slow group, had a higher OR for MetS (OR: 1.689; 95% Cl: 1.227-2.324). When the data were stratified by coffee consumption and eating speed groups, the slow-eating group among those who consumed <1 cup/day of coffee (filtered or instant) had a lower OR for MetS (OR: 0.502; 95% CI: 0.296-0.851) compared to the fast-eating group. In contrast, the groups who consumed ≥1 cup/day of coffee were associated with lower OR for MetS, regardless of their eating speed.
Conclusions:
This suggests that drinking ≥1 cup/day of coffee may help prevent MetS induced by eating fast.
... Long-term coffee consumption effects were related with cardiovascular diseases [10]. The risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is also affected negatively or positively by beverage consumption [11,12]; however, MetS is closely related to lifestyle, and several factors could modify its severity [13]. ...
Beverages are an important part of the diet, but their environmental impact has been scarcely assessed. The aim of this study was to assess how changes in beverage consumption over a one-year period can impact the environmental sustainability of the diet. This is a one-year longitudinal study of 55–75-year-old participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 1122) within the frame of the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food and beverage intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a validated beverage-specific questionnaire. The Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database was used to calculate environmental impact parameters such as greenhouse gas emission, energy, water, and land use. A sustainability beverage score was created by considering the evaluated environmental markers. A higher beverage sustainability score was obtained when decreasing the consumption of bottled water, natural and packed fruit juice, milk, and drinkable dairy, soups and broths, sorbets and jellies, soft drinks, tea without sugar, beer (with and without alcohol), and wine, as well as when increasing the consumption of tap water and coffee with milk and without sugar. Beverage consumption should be considered when assessing the environmental impact of a diet. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 5 September 2013.
... Genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors are essential to understanding the interactions between the various components associated with MetS [8]. Coffee, one of the most-consumed beverages in the world, is among lifestyle factors believed to improve MetS [9][10][11] possibly due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties [12]. Moderate coffee drinking is beneficial to cardiovascular health [13]. ...
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors is influenced by environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. We explored whether coffee consumption and the rs301 variant of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene are related to MetS.
Methods
We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses using data gathered from 9523 subjects in Taiwan Biobank (TWB).
Results
Our findings indicated that individuals who consumed coffee had a reduced odds ratio (OR) for MetS (0.750 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.653–0.861) compared to non-coffee drinkers. Additionally, the risk of MetS was lower for individuals with the ‘TC’ and ‘CC’ genotypes of rs301 compared to those with the ‘TT’ genotype. Specifically, the OR for MetS was 0.827 (95% CI 0.721–0.949) for the ‘TC’ genotype and 0.848 (95% CI 0.610–1.177) for the ‘CC’ genotype. We observed an interaction between coffee consumption and the rs301 variant, with a p-value for the interaction of 0.0437. Compared to the reference group (‘no coffee drinking/TT’), the ORs for MetS were 0.836 (95% CI 0.706–0.992) for ‘coffee drinking/TT’, 0.557 (95% CI 0.438–0.707) for ‘coffee drinking/TC’, and 0.544 (95% CI 0.319–0.927) for ‘coffee drinking/CC’. Notably, MetS was not observed in non-coffee drinkers regardless of their rs301 genotype.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that rs301 genotypes may protect against MetS in Taiwanese adults who consume coffee compared to non-coffee drinkers.
... Coffee may contribute to the prevention of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (Baspinar et al. 2017, Moon et al. 2021. ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the coffee consumption among 204 premenopausal and postmenopausal women. 84.31% of subjects steted that they consume coffee daily, 65.12% of them prefer to add sugar to coffee, 21.51% add sugar and milk and only 13.37% drink black coffee. Regarding the amount consumed daily, 47.67% of women stated that they consume 2 cups of coffee per day, 38.37% consume 1 cups per day and only 13.95% consume 3 or more cups daily. 24.74% of women were smokers. 23.84% of subjects have insomnia if they drink coffee în the afternoon or in the evening. 56.86% of women considered that coffee has benefical effects on health and 38.23% stated that they do no know how to answer.
... Given the above-mentioned considerations all coffee brews could be considered effective as natural anti-obesogenic alternatives. Several mechanisms through which coffee may prevent weight gain have been reported, including increased lipolytic activity, cellular thermogenesis, norepinephrine release, elevated resting metabolic rate, and accelerated energy expenditure, among others (Baspinar et al., 2017). It is important to mention that some bioactive compounds in coffee, which have been attributed to anti-obesogenic potential, are either unaffected by the roasting process or are in fact created during this process. ...
... These improvements were correlated with an increased expression of insulin receptors in the liver [28]. A comprehensive review of coffee's effects on MetS and its components is recommended [29]. ...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predisposes individuals to chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disorders caused by systemic inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, and diminished antioxidant ability, leading to oxidative stress and compromised insulin sensitivity across vital organs. NCDs present a global health challenge characterized by lengthy and costly pharmacological treatments. Complementary and alternative medicine using herbal therapies has gained popularity. Approximately 350,000 plant species are considered medicinal, with 80% of the world’s population opting for traditional remedies; however, only 21,000 plants are scientifically confirmed by the WHO. The Rubiaceae family is promissory for preventing and treating MetS and associated NCDs due to its rich content of metabolites renowned for their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory properties. These compounds influence transcription factors and mitigate chronic low-grade inflammation, liver lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, making them a cost-effective non-pharmacological approach for MetS prevention and treatment. This review aims to collect and update data that validate the traditional uses of the Rubiaceae family for treating MetS and associated NCDs from experimental models and human subjects, highlighting the mechanisms through which their extracts and metabolites modulate glucose and lipid metabolism at the molecular, biochemical, and physiological levels.
... Conceptualization: Wu TC, Huang CF; Data curation: Hsu WC; Formal analysis: Hsu WC; Investigation: Hsu WC; Writing -original draft: Wong YC; Writing -review & editing: Wu TC, Huang CF. metabolic syndrome [12], coronary morbidity [13,14], depression [15,16], hyperuricemia [17], and kidney stones [18]. ...
Background/objectives:
Coffee is a complex chemical mixture, with caffeine being the most well-known bioactive substance. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of coffee and caffeine impact health in various aspects, including the respiratory system. The objective is to investigate the effects of coffee and caffeine on airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic reactions, as well as to analyze and compare associated cytokine profiles.
Materials/methods:
BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and given OVA inhalation to induce airway hypersensitivity. Two weeks after sensitization, they were intragastrically gavaged with coffee or caffeine, both containing 0.3125 mg caffeine, daily for 4 weeks. Control mice were fed with double-distilled water. Serum OVA-specific antibody levels were measured beforehand and 5 weeks after the first gavage. Airway hyperresponsiveness was detected by whole body plethysmography after gavage. Cytokine levels of bronchoalveolar lavage and cultured splenocytes were analyzed.
Results:
Coffee effectively suppressed T helper 2-mediated specific antibody response. Airway responsiveness was reduced in mice treated with either coffee or caffeine. Compared to the control, coffee significantly reduced OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgG1 and IgE antibody responses (P < 0.05). Caffeine also attenuated specific IgG and IgG1 levels, though IgE level was unaffected. Coffee significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and increased IL-10 concentration in spleen cells and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Coffee effectively attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness and systemic allergic responses induced by OVA food allergen in mice. As a complex composition of bioactive substances, coffee displayed enhanced immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects than caffeine.
... Previous studies have demonstrated that a chronic sleep restriction results in the widespread disturbance of metabolic profiles in the brain, serum, and urine [34,35]. The consumption of caffeine has been associated with reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and the enhancement of insulin resistance [36][37][38]. In addition, it has been also demonstrated to alter the metabolism of carcinogens, thereby reducing the risk of cancer [39]. ...
Insufficient sleep is becoming increasingly common and contributes to many health issues. To combat sleepiness, caffeine is consumed daily worldwide. Thus, caffeine consumption and sleep restriction often occur in succession. The gut microbiome can be rapidly affected by either one’s sleep status or caffeine intake, whereas the synergistic effects of a persistent caffeine-induced sleep restriction remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of a chronic caffeine-induced sleep restriction on the gut microbiome and its metabolic profiles in mice. Our results revealed that the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was not altered, while the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria was significantly decreased. In addition, the content of the lipids was abundant and significantly increased. A pathway analysis of the differential metabolites suggested that numerous metabolic pathways were affected, and the glycerophospholipid metabolism was most significantly altered. Combined analysis revealed that the metabolism was significantly affected by variations in the abundance and function of the intestinal microorganisms and was closely relevant to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, a long-term caffeine-induced sleep restriction affected the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice, and substantially altered the metabolic profiles of the gut microbiome. This may represent a novel mechanism by which an unhealthy lifestyle such as mistimed coffee breaks lead to or exacerbates disease.
... Vitaglione et al. showed that the addition of decaffeinated coffee to a high fat diet (HFD) in rats determined a reduction in hepatic fat accumulation, systemic and liver oxidative stress, and liver inflammation [176]. Moreover, coffee consumption is associated with higher insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and β-cells function [177,178]. ...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine-metabolic disorder among women at reproductive age. The diagnosis is based on the presence of at least two out of three criteria of the Rotterdam criteria (2003). In the last decades, the dysmetabolic aspect of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been taken into account as the additional key features in the etiopathology of PCOS, and they have been widely studied. Since PCOS is a complex and multifactorial syndrome with different clinical manifestations, it is difficult to find the gold standard treatment. Therefore, a great variety of integrative treatments have been reported to counteract insulin resistance. PCOS patients need a tailored therapeutic strategy, according to the patient’s BMI, the presence or absence of familiar predisposition to diabetes, and the patient’s desire to achieve pregnancy or not. The present review analyzes and discloses the main clinical insight of such complementary substances.
... CF (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is naturally found in coffee beans, cacao beans, kola nuts, guarana berries and tea leaves, of which coffee and tea are the first and second most prominent sources. The performance benefits of CF include the enhancement of mental alertness, increased levels of concentration and physical endurance, a potential reduction in fatigue and body weight and a lowering of the overall risks associated with certain metabolic syndromes [19,20]. CGA has three subclasses including5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), feruloylquinic acid (FQA) and dicaffeoylquinic acid (diCQA), of which CQA is the most common and strongest antioxidant present in coffee in the form of neochlorogenic acid (3-CQA), cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA) and chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) [21]. ...
We aimed to analyze the chemical compositions in Arabica coffee bean extracts, assess the relevant antioxidant and iron-chelating activities in coffee extracts and instant coffee, and evaluate the toxicity in roasted coffee. Coffee beans were extracted using boiling, drip-filtered and espresso brewing methods. Certain phenolics were investigated including trigonelline, caffeic acid and their derivatives, gallic acid, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and their derivatives, p-coumaroylquinic acid, p-coumaroyl glucoside, the rutin and syringic acid that exist in green and roasted coffee extracts, along with dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeoylarbutin and cymaroside that may be present in green coffee bean extracts. Different phytochemicals were also detected in all of the coffee extracts. Roasted coffee extracts and instant coffees exhibited free-radical scavenging properties in a dose-dependent manner, for which drip coffee was observed to be the most effective (p < 0.05). All coffee extracts, instant coffee varieties and CGA could effectively bind ferric ion in a concentration-dependent manner resulting in an iron-bound complex. Roasted coffee extracts were neither toxic to normal mononuclear cells nor breast cancer cells. The findings indicate that phenolics, particularly CGA, could effectively contribute to the iron-chelating and free-radical scavenging properties observed in coffee brews. Thus, coffee may possess high pharmacological value and could be utilized as a health beverage.
... Hasil ini serupa dengan penelitian di Malang terhadap responden mahasiswa (Riawan, 2018). Faktanya, berbagai penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa konsumsi kopi dapat membalikkan kesehatan melalui berbagai indikator antara lain penurunan enzim hati, kadar asam urat serum, kejadian diabetes, risiko kardiovaskular, dan sindrom metabolik lainnya (Baspinar et al., 2017;Cano-Marquina et al., 2013;Choi dan Curhan, 2007;Loomba et al., 2016;Xiao et al., 2014). Penurunan berat badan yang signifikan terlihat pada subjek berusia ≤60 tahun yang rutin mengonsumsi kopi bubuk 2 cangkir / hari (Greenberg et al., 2005). ...
Latar Belakang: Konsumsi kopi dilaporkan meningkat selama pandemi COVID-19. Status gizi seseorang seringkali dikaitkan dengan kebiasaan konsumsi kopi. Meningkatnya konsumsi kopi dapat mempengaruhi jumlah kafein yang masuk dalam tubuh sehingga dapat memberikan efek samping yaiut perubahan status gizi. Pada peningkatan status gizi dapat menurunkan produktivitas, khususnya pekerja yang melakukan pekerjaan dari rumah (WFH).Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara konsumsi kopi dan status gizi pada petugas WFH di Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 55 pekerja WFH di Surabaya. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan secara online termasuk usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendapatan, aktivitas fisik, konsumsi kopi (jenis dan frekuensi), berat badan, dan tinggi badan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan Uji Korelasi Spearman.Hasil: Sebagian besar responden mengonsumsi kopi (67,3%) dengan frekuensi 1-3 kali / minggu (49,1%). Jenis kopi yang paling banyak dikonsumsi sehari-hari adalah kopi hitam (10,9%) dan kopi instan merek Kapal Api (9,1%). Sebanyak 23,6% responden mengalami obesitas, namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara konsumsi kopi dengan status gizi (p = 0,797).Kesimpulan: Tidak ada keterkaitan antara konsumsi kopi dengan status gizi petugas WFH. Pada penelitian lebih lanjut dapat digali lebih dalam tentang hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan karakteristik pekerjaan dan riwayat konsumsi kopi pada saat pandemi di kalangan pekerja WFH. Kata kunci: konsumsi kopi, status gizi, pekerja WFH ABSTRACTBackground: Coffee consumption is reported to have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. A person's nutritional status is often related to coffee consumption habits. Increased coffee consumption can affect the amount of caffeine that enters the body so that it can have side effects, namely changes in nutritional status. Increasing nutritional status can reduce productivity, especially workers who do work from home (WFH).Objectives: This purposes of the research to analyze the connection between coffee consumption and nutritional status of WFH workers in Surabaya. Methods: This research used a cross sectional design with a sample of 55 WFH workers in Surabaya. Sampling using accidental sampling method. Data was collected online including age, gender, occupation, income, physical activity, coffee consumption (type and frequency), body weight, and height. Collected data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation Test. Result: Most of the respondents consumed coffee (67.3%) with a frequency of 1-3 times/week (49.1%). The types of coffee most consumed daily were black coffee (10.9%) and instant coffee with the Kapal Api brand (9.1%). As many as 23.6% of respondents were obese, but there was insignificant relationship between coffee consumption and nutritional status (p = 0.797). Conclusions: There is no link between coffee consumption and the nutritional status of WFH workers. In further research, it can be explored more deeply about matters related to job characteristics and the history of coffee consumption during the pandemic among WFH workers.Keywords: coffee consumption, nutritional status, WFH workers
... Likewise, tortilla consumption has been associated with the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and MetS in Mexican adults. Coffee was another consumed beverage by both genders; nevertheless, recent studies [63,64] have reported that coffee consumption was not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome [65]. ...
The exponential increase of metabolic syndrome and its association with the risk impact of morbidity and mortality has propitiated the development of tools to diagnose this syndrome early. This work presents a model that is based on prognostic variables to classify Mexicans with metabolic syndrome without blood screening applying machine and deep learning. The data that were used in this study contain health parameters related to anthropometric measurements, dietary information, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, quality of sleep, and physical activity from 2289 participants of the Mexico City Tlalpan 2020 cohort. We use accuracy, balanced accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value criteria to evaluate the performance and validate different models. The models were separated by gender due to the shared features and different habits. Finally, the highest performance model in women found that the most relevant features were: waist circumference, age, body mass index, waist to height ratio, height, sleepy manner that is associated with snoring, dietary habits related with coffee, cola soda, whole milk, and Oaxaca cheese and diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Men’s features were similar to women’s; the variations were in dietary habits, especially in relation to coffee, cola soda, flavored sweetened water, and corn tortilla consumption. The positive predictive value obtained was 84.7% for women and 92.29% for men. With these models, we offer a tool that supports Mexicans to prevent metabolic syndrome by gender; it also lays the foundation for monitoring the patient and recommending change habits.
... Mechanisms by which coffee may reduce MetS are not clearly understood but may be associated in part with the ability of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and other bioactive components in coffee, rather than caffeine, to reduce intestinal glucose absorption or improve insulin sensitivity or the association of coffee consumption with improved levels of leptin and ghrelin, which regulate appetite, satiety, and energy metabolism [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. ...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent not only among the overweight and obese but also normal weight individuals, and the phenotype is referred to as a metabolically unhealthy phenotype (MUHP). Besides normal weight individuals, overweight/obese individuals are also protected from MetS, and the phenotype is known as a metabolically healthy phenotype (MHP). Epidemiological studies indicate that coffee and micronutrients such as plasma folate or vitamin B12 (vit. B12) are inversely associated with MetS. However, correlations among coffee consumption metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 remain unknown. Our objective was to investigate the correlation between coffee consumption, metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 as well as to understand associations between plasma folate, vit. B12, and metabolic phenotypes. Associations among coffee consumption metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 2201 participants, 18 years or older, from 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). MUHP was classified as having > three metabolic abnormalities. Coffee consumption was not associated with metabolic phenotypes, but negatively correlated with several metabolic variables, including BMI (p < 0.001). Plasma folate was positively associated with MUHP (p < 0.004), while vit. B12 was inversely associated with MUHP (p < 0.035). Our results suggest the potential protective impact of coffee on individual components of MetS and indicate a positive correlation between coffee consumption and MUHP among overweight individuals. Identifying possible dietary factors may provide practical and low-cost dietary intervention targets, specifically for early intervention. Larger and randomized intervention studies and prospective longitudinal studies are required to further evaluate these associations.
... Estrogen has been linked to DNA damage and the stimulation of blood vessels, promoting tumorigenesis (58). Coffee may reduce the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes due to its antioxidative effects and influence on estrogen levels (59,60). However, the incidence of breast cancer has been linked to levels of leptin, which is involved in the JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K pathways and tumor cell-related proliferation. ...
Background:
To assess the association between coffee intake and breast cancer risk using data from studies published during the past 15 years.
Methods:
Articles published between January 2005 and May 2020 were collected from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and the Cochrane library. Coffee consumption was set as the exposure factor of breast cancer risk, and relative risk (RR) was set as the assessment indicator. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used for the meta-analysis, depending on the level of heterogeneity. The linear and non-linear dose-response relationship was assessed using the generalized least-squares method and restricted cubic spline model. Articles were evaluated by sensitivity analysis, and Begg's and Egger's tests and funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias. The process of meta-analysis referred to Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE).
Results:
We retrieved 26 relevant studies in the dose-response analysis and meta-analysis. A negative correlation was found between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.99). A linear and marginal dose-response relationship was found for six case-control studies (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.95-1.00) and 10 cohort studies (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1.00). Subgroup analysis showed that the relationship between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk was moderated by menstrual status and geographic region.
Conclusions:
Overall, the meta-analysis found a negative correlation between coffee intake and breast cancer risk, especially in postmenopausal and European women.
... Coffee is an antioxidant rich beverage, which is widely consumed worldwide [6]. There are nearly 1,000 phytochemicals in it [7]. Coffee intake has many beneficial health effects [8]. ...
In this work we used an in vitro trypsin aggregation model to show that certain commercial coffee extracts can inhibit protein aggregation. Aggregation experiments were performed using several spectroscopic methods and a dye binding assay, such as turbidity, Congo red (CR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD), that was further supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A correlation was found between the anti-aggregation properties and the total phenolic content of the coffee extracts. The results revealed that the greatest effect was exerted by the Eduscho coffee extract. It was found that the inhibitory effect of this extract was concentration dependent. Using size exclusion chromatography, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of the Eduscho coffee extract on the formation of amyloid-like fibrils was due to its capacity to stabilize the oligomeric form of the protein.
... Prevalence of diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide and it is known to be associated with the high intake of sugar (Baspinar et al., 2017;Puri et al., 2011). In such conditions, sweeteners, mostly synthetic (saccharin, sucralose, aspartame) and recently natural ones (xylitol, rebaudioside A, stevioside), are being used to replace sugar (Rodenburg et al., 2016). ...
Medicinal plants have been used since the existence of mankind. Herbal medicines based on traditional medicine endure as primary health care delivery worldwide up today. In addition, natural compounds have been used as either conventional drugs or inspiration model for synthetic drugs. Plants are still good sources for discovering new compounds with therapeutic potential. Diterpenoids, comprising a varied group of secondary metabolites, are isoprene derived compounds consisting of four isoprene units. Diterpenes are classified mainly according to their chemical structure, in terms of the ring number they contain as: acyclic (phytane), monocyclic (retinol—vitamin A), bicyclic (labdane, halimane, clerodane), tricyclic (abietane, pimarane, cassane, rosane, podocarpane, chinane, vouacapane), tetracyclic (kaurane, trachylobane, aphidicolane, stemodane, stemarane, beyerane, atisane, scopadulane, gibberellane), and macrocyclic (polycyclic—cembrane, taxane, daphnane, tigliane, ingenane, jatrophane), and other miscellaneous structures. Diterpenes are mainly analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry; tandem mass spectrometry; diode array detection depending to the structure. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry also can be applied. Natural foods may contain terpenoids, diterpenes, and tetraterpenes as secondary metabolites. Diterpenes have been used in traditional medicine for anticancer, antidiabetic and various other ailments. In this chapter, properties and classification of diterpenes, importance of chromatography in diterpenes analysis, effects of processing in the phytochemicals have been discussed.
Objective: To investigate the association between coffee consumption and visceral obesity (VO). Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study using data from 45,630 participants who underwent a general health check-up program at a medical center in Japan between 2015 and 2018. After excluding participants with missing data or duplicated visits, 19,253 subjects were included in the final analysis. Visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography (CT), and data on metabolic disorders, history of lifestyle-related diseases, coffee consumption, and other lifestyle factors were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The mean ± SD VFA was 74.0 ± 49.7 cm2, and the mean ± SD age was 53.3 ± 9.8 years. The prevalence of VO (VFA ≥ 100 cm2) was 25.5%. The mean coffee consumption was 1.7 ± 1.3 cups per day. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, coffee consumption was significantly inversely associated with VO. Compared to non-coffee drinkers, the odds ratios (ORs) for VO were as follows: 1 or 2 cups/day (OR: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.83), 3 or 4 cups/day (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59–0.75), and ≥5 cups/day (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53–0.80). In multiple linear regression analysis, coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower VFA (Model 3: β = −1.86, SE = 0.230, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower VO.
Chia seeds regulate glucose, fat metabolism and alleviate inflammation by up- or down-regulating key gene targets in MAPK, AMPK, TGF-β, PPAR-γ, NF-κB, and IRS mediated insulin signaling pathways. However, some mechanisms of action are still unknown and require speculation and research.
Background
Daily moderate coffee intake was found with a lower risk of specific metabolic abnormalities, e.g., hypertension and hyperglycemia, while the association of coffee intake and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been clarified in prior studies, particularly in young adults.
Methods
A total of 2,890 military personnel, aged 18–39 years, free of MetS were followed for incident MetS from baseline (2014) until the end of 2020 in Taiwan. Daily coffee amount consumed was grouped to those ≥3 cups or 600 mL (moderate or more amount) and those without. Incidence of MetS was identified in annual health examinations. MetS was diagnosed on the basis of the guideline of the International Diabetes Federation. Multivariable Cox regression model with adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, physical activity and substance use status at baseline was performed to determine the association.
Results
At baseline, there were 145 subjects with daily coffee intake ≥3 cups or 600 mL (5.0%) in the overall cohort. During a mean follow-up of 6.0 years, 673 incident MetS (23.3%) were found. As compared to those consuming less coffee or none, those consuming daily coffee ≥3 cups had a lower risk of MetS [hazard ratio (HR): 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.48, 0.99)].
Conclusion
This study suggests that adhering to the guideline recommended moderate or greater daily coffee consumption for promoting health, may confer advantages in preventing the development of MetS among young adults.
Background and aims:
The relationship between coffee consumption and heart failure (HF) incidence is inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the association between time-varying coffee consumption and incident HF using a longitudinal study design.
Methods and results:
Data were obtained from the UK Biobank, comprising 497,503 adults (age, 56.5 ± 8.1 years; 54.6% women) who were free from HF at baseline in 2006-2010. The median follow-up time for the HF incidence was 11.9 years. Marginal structural models (MSM) were employed to adjust for potential time-varying confounders and account for bias caused by loss of follow-up. Furthermore, we used a restricted cubic spline to test and describe the nonlinear relationship between coffee consumption and HF risk. At baseline, 70.5% of participants reported drinking ≥1 cups/d coffee and 2.7% participants developed HF. After adjusting for potential confounders, we identified a nonlinear J-shaped association between coffee consumption and HF risk (P < 0.001). Compared with drinking coffee <1 cups/d, 1-2 cups/d (HR = 0.878; 95% CI: 0.838-0.920), 3-4 cups/d (HR = 0.920; 95% CI: 0.869-0.974) may be associated with a reduced risk of HF, while >6 cups/d (HR = 1.209; 95% CI: 1.056-1.385) may be associated with a higher risk of HF. However, sensitive analyses stratified by gender and smoking status indicated that >6 cups/d does not significantly increase the risk of HF. Additionally, the type of coffee was found to significant impact on the incidence of HF (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
In this large cohort of UK adults, moderate coffee consumption may reduce risk of HF incidence.
Psoriasis represents an immune-mediated disease with an unclear cause that’s marked by inflammation triggered by dysfunction in the immune system, which results in inflammation in various parts of the skin. There could be obvious symptoms, such as elevated plaques; these plaques may appear differently depending on the type of skin. This disease can cause inflammation in the elbows, lower back, scalp, knees, or other regions of the body. It can begin at any age, although it most commonly affects individuals between the ages of 50 and 60. Specific cells (such as T cells) have been observed to play an obvious role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, in addition to specific immunological molecules such as TNF-, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, and other molecules that can aid in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. So, during the past two decades, biologists have created chemical drugs that target these cells or molecules and therefore prevent the disease from occurring. Alefacept, efalizumab, Adalimumab, Ustekinumab, and Secukinumab are a few examples of chemical drugs. It was discovered that these chemical drugs have long-term side effects that can cause defects in the patient's body, such as the development of the rare but life-threatening disorder progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PCL). Its rapidly progressive infection of the central nervous system caused by the JC virus and other drugs may cause increased production of neutralising anti-drug antibodies (ADA) and the risk of infusion reactions like pruritus, flushing, hypertension, headache, and rash. So, our context intends to talk in our review about natural products or plants that may have therapeutic characteristics for this disease and may have few or no side effects on the patient's body.
Throughout the beyond a decade, Food Rule Experts have deduced that caffeine usage isn't risky at whatever point consumed at levels of 200 mg at a time (around 2½ cups of coffee) or 400 mg everyday (around 5 cups of coffee). Moreover, caffeine has various positive exercises on the frontal cortex. It can augment availability and success, help obsession, further foster perspective likewise, limit distress. Caffeine could disturb rest, regardless, simply in fragile individuals. It could raise anxiety in a little subset of particularly fragile people. Caffeine does not seem to provoke dependence, yet a minority of people experience withdrawal secondary effects. Caffeine can potentiate the effect of standard torment alleviating drugs in cerebral agony and migraine. Well established coffee/caffeine usage has been connected with expectation of mental disintegration, and diminished risk of making stroke, Parkinson's ailment and Alzheimer's ailment. Its usage does not seem to influence seizure occasion. Thusly, everyday coffee and caffeine confirmation can be significant for a strong changed diet; its use does not ought to be ended in elderly people.
Previous prospective studies have reported inconsistent findings on the association between coffee consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to investigate their association using a meta-analysis of prospective studies. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for prospective cohort studies of the association between coffee consumption and the risk of CHD in the general population. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis and also subgroup meta-analyses by various factors. Of 870 studies searched from databases, 32 prospective cohort studies were included in the final analysis. In the main meta-analysis of all studies, no significant association between coffee consumption and the risk of CHD was observed (relative risk [RR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97 to 1.14, I² = 64.9%). In the subgroup meta-analyses by gender, coffee consumption significantly increased the risk of CHD in men (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.35, n = 17), whereas a nonsignificantly decreased risk of CHD was observed in women (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.08, n = 11). Also, in the subgroup meta-analyses by follow-up period, coffee consumption significantly increased the risk of CHD in the follow-up of 20 years or longer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.27, n = 4) regardless of gender. In conclusion, in the current meta-analysis of prospective studies, we found that, overall, no significant association between coffee consumption and the risk of CHD was observed. However, coffee consumption showed a differential effect by gender, with an increased risk of CHD in men and a potentially decreased risk in women.
Oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) controls the levels of intracellular regulatory oxysterols generated by the "acidic pathway" of cholesterol metabolism. Previously, we demonstrated an inability to up-regulate CYP7B1 in the setting of insulin resistance leads to accumulation of cholesterol metabolites such as (25)26-hydroxycholesterol (26HC) that initiate and promote hepatocyte injury; followed by an inflammatory response. The current study demonstrates dietary coffee improves insulin resistance and restores Cyp7b1 levels in a well-characterized western diet (WD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model. Ingestion of a WD containing caffeinated (regular) coffee or decaffeinated coffee markedly reduced the serum ALT level and improved insulin resistance. Cyp7b1 mRNA and protein levels were preserved at normal levels in mice fed the coffee containing WD. Additionally, coffee led to upregulated steroid sulfotransferase 2b1 (Sult2b1) mRNA expression. In accordance with the response in these oxysterol metabolic genes, hepatocellular 26HC levels were maintained at physiologically low levels. Moreover, the current study provided evidence that hepatic Cyp7b1 and Sult2b1 responses to insulin signaling can be mediated through a transcriptional factor, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α. We conclude coffee achieves its beneficial effects through modulation of insulin resistance. Both decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee had beneficial effects, demonstrating caffeine is not fundamental to this effect. The effects of coffee feeding on the insulin-HNF4α-Cyp7b1 signaling pathway, whose dysregulation initiates and contributes to the onset and progression of NASH as triggered by insulin resistance, offer mechanistic insight into approaches for the treatment of NAFLD.
This study investigates the possibility of valorizing coffee silverskin through the recovery of its bioactive compounds using a sustainable extraction method that could be industrially applied. For that, aqueous extracts were prepared using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (laboratorial scale) and, for comparison, a scale-up of the process was developed using the Multi-frequency Multimode Modulated technology. A concentration procedure at the pilot scale was also tested. The three types of extracts obtained were characterized regarding caffeine and chlorogenic acids contents, and the effects on intestinal glucose and fructose uptake (including sugar transporters expression) in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells were ascertained. The phytochemical contents of the extracts prepared at the laboratory and pilot scale were comparable (caffeine: 27.7 vs. 29.6 mg/g freeze-dried extract; 3-, 4-, and 5-caffeoylquinic acids: 0.19 vs. 0.31, 0.15 vs. 0.42, and 1.04 vs. 1.98 mg/g, respectively; 4- and 5- feruloylquinic acids: 0.39 vs. 0.43 and 1.05 vs. 1.32 mg/g, respectively). Slight differences were noticed according to the extracts preparation steps, but in general, all the extracts promoted significant inhibitions of [1,2-3H(N)]-deoxy-D-glucose and 14C-D-fructose uptake, which resulted mainly from a decrease on the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT1) genes expression but not on the expression of the facilitative glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) gene. Moreover, a synergistic effect of caffeine and 5-caffeoylquinic acid on sugars uptake was found. The results clearly show that the Multi-frequency Multimode Modulated technology is a viable option to be applied at an industrial level to recover bioactive components from silverskin and obtain extracts with antidiabetic potential that could be used to develop functional food products or dietary supplements.
Coffee wastewater contains large amounts of caffeine which affects microflora and seed development to great extent. Though several physio‐chemical methods available for caffeine degradation, they are not preferred for large scale treatment. In this study, we optimised induced cell concentration, aeration and agitation rate for maximizing caffeine degradation rate in bioreactor using Uniform design. Maximum caffeine degradation rate of 23.59 mgL‐1h‐1 was achieved. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal were found to be 72%, 78% and 72%, respectively. Mathematical model was developed through regression analysis and predicted maximum caffeine degradation rate of 24.2 mgL‐1h‐1 under optimal conditions of 0.35 gL‐1 biomass, 395 rpm and 1.62 vvm. Experimental validation at optimum condition resulted in 22 mgL‐1h‐1 of caffeine degradation rate. This is the first‐ever bioreactor study showing highest caffeine degradation rate in synthetic coffee waste water with limited experimental runs.
I. Abstract: The research is about influence of the Coffee and Caffeine Consumption and its effect on the metabolic rate of the different groups of the Individuals with 4 groups of subject and control and comparison of its effect of metabolic rate between normal and obese subject to know the increase and decrease of the metabolic rate among normal and obese people, also , The study of the determination of the impact of caffeinated and non-caffeinated Coffee Consumption among 50 individuals to know the positive and negative impacts of Caffeinated and non-Caffeinated Coffee Consumption and its effect on the quality and style of life among population , Coffee and Caffeine drinks are extensively and frequently consumed drink by individuals in worldwide regarding the increase of the work performance, discussion of the Health promotion and some risk factors of Caffeine on Health, measurement of caffeinated & non-caffeinated Coffee to find out the influence of Caffeine on Health status, melatonin hormone related to the sleep, mood, stress, performance, www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org` 36782 metabolism and risk factors of Cardiovascular diseases among individuals, the relation of Coffee Consumption to the quality of life and it has been consumed widely in the world.
Introduction
Due to their stressful lives, Palestinian refugees are prone to use cognitive enhancers (CE) and psychostimulant substances (PS). Recognising health problems associated with CE/PS use can indicate how preventive programs should be directed towards adolescents. Unfortunately, research has not thoroughly investigated the health problems related to tobacco and caffeine products, the most socially acceptable CE/PS among Palestinian refugee adolescents.
Methodology
In 2021, schoolchildren from five Palestinian refugee camps (N=271) aged 12-<16 years agreed to give blood samples and to be interviewed to address the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and tobacco smoking, coffee, energy drinks (ED), black tea, and chocolate consumption. MetS was diagnosed based on International Diabetic Federation Criteria. To address the association, we used binary logistic regression models adjusted to age, gender, BMI, and central obesity.
Results
The prevalence of MetS was [17 (6.3%)]; (7.4%) in males, (5.1%) in females. The prevalence of substance use was as follows: ED [163 (48.9%)], coffee [255 (76.6%)], black tea [295 (89.1%)], cigarette [35 (10.5%)], waterpipe [59 (17.7%)], and chocolate [309 (93.6%)], with male predominance. Cigarette smokers have increased central obesity (p-value=0.024), and decreased HDL-cholesterol (p-value=0.015) than non-smokers. Similar results were observed for waterpipe smokers besides the increased levels of triglycerides (p-value=0.01). ED consumers have increased central obesity (p-value=0.03) and fast blood sugar (p-value=0.003) than non-consumers. Chocolate consumers have decreased central obesity (p-value=0.008) and increased HDL levels (p-value=0.04) than non-consumers. ED consumers were significantly at higher risk of MetS (OR=9.97, p-value=0.019) than non-consumers and chocolate consumers were at lower risk of MetS (OR=0.14, p-value=0.046) than non-consumers. Waterpipe smokers were at a higher risk of having increased plasma triglycerides than non-consumers (OR=3.4, p-value=0.03).
Conclusion
The high prevalence of ED consumption and waterpipe smoking in Palestinian refugee adolescents is problematic. Their use was associated with higher odds of MetS, dyslipidemia, and central obesity, which justifies greater attention.
Background & aims
Beverages and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) both the terms are associated with westernized diet and sedentary lifestyle. Throughout recent decades, dietary changes have boosted demand of beverages to meet the liquid consumption needs, among which rising consumption of several calorie-rich beverages have increased the risk of fatty liver disease. Meanwhile, certain beverages have capacity to deliver many unanticipated health benefits thereby reducing the burden of NAFLD and metabolic diseases. The present review therefore addresses the increasing interconnections between beverages intake among population, dietary patterns and the overall effect of these beverage on the development and prevention of NAFLD. Methods
In the present review, some frequently consumed beverage groups have been analyzed in light of their role in the advancement and prevention of NAFLD, including sugar sweetened, hot and alcoholic beverages. The nutritional composition of different beverages makes the progression of NAFLD distinctive.
Results
The ingestion of sugar-rich beverages has demonstrated the metabolic burden and in all cases, raises the risk of NAFLD, while intake of coffee and tea has decreased this risk without any significant adverse effects. In some cases, low to moderate alcohol intake has been shown to minimize the risk of advanced fibrosis and NAFLD-mortality.
Conclusion
Together, this review discusses and supports work on new dietary approaches and clinical studies to accomplish nutrition-oriented NAFLD care by improving the drinking habits.
Coffee is widely consumed worldwide, and numerous studies indicate that coffee consumption may potentially affect the development of chronic diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may constitute a risk factor for chronic diseases. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between coffee consumption and MetS incidence. All participants were selected from the Health Examinees study. MetS was defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the relationship between coffee consumption and MetS incidence. In comparison with non-consumers, male moderate consumers (≤3 cups/day) showed a lower risk for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (≤1 cup/day, hazard ratio (HR): 0.445, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.254–0.780; 1–3 cups/day, HR: 0.507, 95% CI: 0.299–0.859) and high fasting blood glucose (FPG) (≤1 cup/day, HR: 0.694, 95% CI: 0.538–0.895; 1–3 cups/day, HR: 0.763, 95% CI: 0.598–0.972). Male 3-in-1 coffee (coffee with sugar and creamer) consumers also showed a lower risk for low HDL-C (HR: 0.423, 95% CI: 0.218–0.824) and high FPG (HR: 0.659, 95% CI: 0.497–0.874). These findings indicate a negative association between moderate coffee consumption and low HDL-C and high FPG among Korean male adults.
Background
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising at an alarming rate and more common among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in the world. The risk for cardiovascular disease is greater among individuals who have a combination of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and metabolic syndrome compared to those who have either alone.
Objective
To assess the proportion of metabolic syndrome and lifestyle factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Dessie Referral Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2017 among 343 randomly selected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Three definitions of Metabolic syndrome were considered. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported to show the strength of association. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05.
Result
The proportion of metabolic syndrome was 50.3%, 59.4% and 64.5% according to 2005 International Diabetes Federation, revised ATP III and 2009 harmonized criteria, respectively. Being female (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.40, 4.21), consumption of red meat (AOR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.28, 5.33), sedentary leisure time activity (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.47, 4.78), coffee intake (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.86), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² (AOR = 9.59; 95% CI = 4.98, 18.47), 40–49 years of age (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI = (1.02, 7.37), 50–59 years of age (AOR = 4.22; 95% CI = 1.60, 11.11) and ≥70 years of age (AOR = 4.51, 95% CI = 1.44, 14.15) were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion and recommendation
The proportion of metabolic syndrome was high among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Overweight and obesity, being female, age of respondent, intake of coffee, regular red meat consumption, and sedentary leisure-time activity were factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Counseling of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients on the need for spending leisure time with activities, intake of coffee, control of body weight, and avoidance of regular red meat consumption is recommended.
Background & aims:
Diet plays a role in the onset and progression of metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to systematically review and perform quantitative analyses of results from observational studies on coffee/tea consumption and NAFLD or MetS.
Methods:
A Medline and Embase search was performed to retrieve articles published up to March 2015. We used a combination of the keywords "coffee", "caffeine", "tea", "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "metabolic syndrome". Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by random-effects model.
Results:
Seven studies assessed coffee consumption in NAFLD patients. Fibrosis scores were reported in four out of seven; all four studies revealed an inverse association of coffee intake with fibrosis severity, although the lack of comparable exposure and outcomes did not allow to perform pooled analysis. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria to be included in the meta-analysis on coffee consumption and MetS. Individuals consuming higher quantities of coffee were less like to have MetS (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79-0.96). However, the association of coffee and individual components of MetS was not consistent across the studies. Pooled analysis of six studies exploring the association between tea consumption and MetS resulted in decreased odds of MetS for individuals consuming more tea (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95).
Conclusions:
Studies on coffee and NAFLD suggest that coffee consumption could have a protective role on fibrosis. Both coffee and tea consumption are associated with less likelihood of having MetS but further research with better designed studies is needed.
The aim of this study is to estimate total sugar intake and identify major food sources of total sugar intake in the diet of the Korean population.
Metabolic syndrome incidence is increasing worldwide then it is important to study the possible risk and protective factors. Our previous study suggested an association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to address possible associations between dietary lifestyle factors with metabolic syndrome. In a case-control study we compared 74 metabolic syndrome patients with 176-matched controls attended at a public health central unit. Incident cases diagnosed according to ATP III criteria were matched with control group composed of healthy subjects performing routine examinations. Having lower educational level compared to highest levels tend to increase metabolic syndrome prevalence, which was not statistically significant. Similar pattern was observed for marital status. No difference was found regarding gender and metabolic syndrome odds. Interestingly, daily drinking two to three cups of coffee (OR = 0.0646, 95% CI, 0.0139-0.3005, p = 0.0005) or until 2 cups of milk were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome odds (OR = 0.5368, 95% CI, 0.3139-0.9181, p = 0.0231). Sleeping seven to eight hours per night was also associated with decreased odds of metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.0789, 95% CI, 0.0396-0.1570, p < 0.0001). Eating at least two portions of chocolate was also associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.3475, 95% CI, 0.1865-0.6414, p = 0.0009). Adequate sleeping and dietary intake of some foods materially
decreased the metabolic syndrome.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether daily consumption of coffee and tea was associated with components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study.
Methods:
A cross-sectional population-based survey including 8,821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Krakow, Poland. Coffee and tea consumption was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals.
Results:
Among high coffee and tea consumers (3 or more cups/day), high prevalence of female gender, young age, medium-high educational and occupational level, high total energy intake, and smoking habit were found. High coffee drinkers had lower BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and higher HDL cholesterol than those drinking less than 1 cup/day. In contrast, high tea consumers had lower BMI, waist circumference, but not diastolic blood pressure, which was higher than low drinkers. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, both higher coffee and tea consumption were negatively associated with MetS (OR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.66, 0.86 and OR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.67, 0.92, respectively). Among specific components of MetS, high coffee consumption was negatively associated with waist circumference, hypertension, and triglycerides, whereas tea consumption with central obesity and fasting plasma glucose in women, but not in men.
Conclusions:
Coffee and tea consumption was negatively associated with MetS and some of its components.
Most modern people start daily life with drinking a cup of coffee. Many people would also finish their daily work with coffee. As such, coffee drinking is an important part of daily life these days. It has been told that coffee is a driving force for human to develop science, because it has an alerting effect on human brain. However, some people with experience of feeling irregular heartbeat or headache are reluctant to drink coffee, which suggests individual variation to coffee intolerance. This review is to briefly summarize the effect of coffee on human health.
Abstract Coffee consists of several biological active compounds, such as caffeine, diterpenes, chlorogenic acids, and melanoidins, which may affect human health. The intake of each compound depends on the variety of coffee species, roasting degree, type of brewing method and serving size. The bioavailability and the distribution of each compound and its metabolites also contribute to coffee mechanisms of action. The health benefits of coffee consumption regarding cardiovascular system and metabolism mostly depend on its antioxidant compounds. In contrast, diterpenes and caffeine may produce harmful effects by raising lipid fraction and affecting endothelial function, respectively. Studying the mechanism of action of coffee components may help understanding weather coffee's impact on health is beneficial or hazardous. In this article, we reviewed the available information about coffee compounds and their mechanism of action. Furthermore, benefits and risks for cardiovascular system associated with coffee consumption will be discussed.
Objective
to estimate the intake of known individual polyphenols and their major dietary sources in the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study.
Research Methods and Procedures
a total of 10,477 random sample (45–69 y) of urban population of Krakow, Poland, completed a validated 148-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data with the recently developed Phenol-Explorer database.
Results
the mean intake of polyphenols was 1756.5 ± 695.8 mg/d (median = 1662.5 mg/d). The main polyphenol groups were flavonoids (897 mg/d) and phenolic acids (800 mg/d). A total of 347 polyphenols from 19 polyphenol subclasses were found. The individual compounds with the highest intakes were isomers of chlorogenic acid (i.e., 5-Caffeoylquinic acid and 4-Caffeoylquinic acid) among hydroxycinnamic acids (average intake 150 mg/d), that largely originated from coffee, and compounds belonging to the catechin chemical family [i.e., (+)-Gallocatechin, (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, and (-)-Epicatechin] among flavanols (average intake 50 mg/d), that mostly originated from tea and cocoa products.
Conclusions
the current study provides the most updated data for individual polyphenols intake in the diet of a well-established nutritional cohort. These findings will be useful to assess potential beneficial role on health of specific foods with high polyphenol content and characterize the effects of individual phenolic compounds.
Intracellular glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis is vital for maintaining basic life activities of a cell or an organism. Glucose and lipid metabolic disorders are closely related with the occurrence and progression of diabetes, obesity, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), one of the most abundant polyphenol compounds in the human diet, is a group of phenolic secondary metabolites produced by certain plant species and is an important component of coffee. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that CGA exerts many biological properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic activities. Recently, the roles and applications of CGA, particularly in relation to glucose and lipid metabolism, have been highlighted. This review addresses current studies investigating the roles of CGA in glucose and lipid metabolism.
Objectives:
We aimed to analyze 1) overall and coronary mortality findings in the Turkish Adult Risk Factor (TARF) study survey 2012 and 2) the temporal trends in prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its distribution across seven geographic regions.
Study design:
Information on the mode of death was obtained from first-degree relatives and/or health personnel of a local health office. Information collected in survivors was based on history, physical examination of the cardiovascular system and Minnesota coding of resting electrocardiograms.
Results:
Of 1527 participants to be surveyed, 796 were examined; information was obtained on the health status in 502 subjects, and death was ascertained in 56 participants. Thirty deaths were attributed to coronary and cerebrovascular disease. Cumulative 22-year evaluation of participants in the age bracket 45-74 years revealed coronary mortality to be high, with 7.6 per 1000 person-years in men and 3.8 in women. Data used from 1754 identical subjects (median age 46 years initially), and examined in two periods 12 years apart, indicated an increase in the prevalence of MetS by 1.3% per aging of 1 year. Analysis across geographic regions showed a rise in the prevalence in the Mediterranean region, already having highest prevalence along with Southeast Anatolia, while the prevalence declined in the Marmara region and persisted to be lowest in the Aegean region.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of MetS in Turkish adults aged 40 years or over, currently standing at 53%, shows significant differences across geographic regions, being highest in the two southern regions and lowest in the Aegean region.
High consumption of coffee has been suggested to reduce the risk of some late-onset diseases and death but also to contribute to the development of osteoporotic fractures. Results of previous fracture studies have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive study is needed. The longitudinal population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 61,433 women born in 1914-1948, was followed up from 1987 through 2008. Coffee consumption was assessed with repeated food frequency questionnaires. During follow-up, 14,738 women experienced fracture of any type, and 3,871 had a hip fracture. In a subcohort (n = 5,022), bone density was measured and osteoporosis determined (n = 1,012). After multivariable adjustment, there was no evidence of a higher rate of any fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00) or hip fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.00) with increasing coffee consumption. A high coffee intake (≥4 cups daily) versus a low intake (<1 cup daily) was associated with a 2%-4% lower bone density, depending on site (P < 0.001), but the odds ratio for osteoporosis was only 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.87). Thus, high coffee consumption was associated with a small reduction in bone density that did not translate into an increased risk of fracture.
Background:
It is unclear whether consumption of coffee and green tea is associated with metabolic syndrome.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 554 adults who had participated in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Consumption of coffee and green tea was assessed using a questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (JASSO). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between consumption of coffee and green tea and prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components.
Results:
After adjustment for sex, age, and other potential confounders, greater coffee consumption was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, as defined by NCEP ATP III criteria (P for trend = 0.03). Participants who drank more coffee had a lower odds ratio (OR) for high serum triglycerides (P for trend = 0.02), but not for increased waist circumference or high blood pressure. Using JASSO criteria, moderate coffee consumption (1.5 to <3 cups/day) was associated with a significantly lower OR for high plasma glucose (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.93). Green tea consumption was not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome or any of its components.
Conclusions:
Coffee consumption was inversely correlated with metabolic syndrome diagnosed using NCEP ATP III criteria, mainly because it was associated with lower serum triglyceride levels. This association highlights the need for further prospective studies of the causality of these relationships.
The literature shows an inconsistent relationship between lifestyle behaviors and metabolic syndrome (MetS), especially in the elderly. We designed this study to investigate the interrelationships among cigarette smoking, tea drinking and MetS, and to verify the factors associated with MetS in elderly males dwelling in rural community. In July 2010, with a whole community sampling method, 414 male subjects aged over 65 dwelling in Tianliao township were randomly sampled. The response rate was 60.8%. Each subject completed the structured questionnaires including sociodemographic characteristics, habitual behaviors (including cigarette smoking and tea drinking habits) and medical history. After an overnight fast, the laboratory and anthropometric data were obtained. MetS was confirmed according to the criteria defined by the modified NCEP ATP III for the male Chinese population. Subjects were split into either non-MetS or MetS groups for further analysis. Of the 361 subjects with complete data, 132 (36.6%) elderly men were classified as having MetS. Using binary logistic regression, body mass index, serum uric acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA index, current smokers (OR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.03 ~ 7.19), total smoking amount > = 30 (OR = 2.78, 95%CI: 1.31 ~ 5.90) and more than 20 cigarettes daily (OR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.24 ~ 5.18) were positively associated with MetS. Current un- or partial fermented tea drinker (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.22 ~ 0.84), tea drinking habit for 1-9 years (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.15 ~ 0.90) and more than 240 cc daily (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.17 ~ 0.72) were negatively associated with MetS. In conclusion, this study suggests that smoking habit was positively associated with MetS, but tea drinking habit was negatively associated with MetS in elderly men dwelling in rural community.
Metabolic syndrome has become a major worldwide public health problem. We examined the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese civil servants.
The study participants were 3284 employees (2335 men and 948 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Using data from their 2008 health checkup records, we analyzed the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Japanese criteria.
Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 374 of the 2335 men (16.0%) and 32 of the 948 women (3.4%). In univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios (ORs) among men for the presence of metabolic syndrome were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.56-1.03) and 0.61 (0.39-0.95), respectively, among moderate (≥4 cups of coffee per day) coffee drinkers as compared with non-coffee drinkers. Among all components of metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure and high triglyceride level were inversely associated with moderate coffee consumption in men, after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, and exercise. However, in women, moderate coffee consumption was not significantly associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome or its components.
Moderate coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese male civil servants.
Early studies suggested that coffee consumption may increase the risk of chronic disease.
We investigated prospectively the association between coffee consumption and the risk of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cancer.
We used data from 42,659 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Germany study. Coffee consumption was assessed by self-administered food-frequency questionnaire at baseline, and data on medically verified incident chronic diseases were collected by active and passive follow-up procedures. HRs and 95% CIs were calculated with multivariate Cox regression models and compared by competing risk analysis.
During 8.9 y of follow-up, we observed 1432 cases of T2D, 394 of MI, 310 of stroke, and 1801 of cancer as first qualifying events. Caffeinated (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.05) or decaffeinated (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.31) coffee consumption (≥4 cups/d compared with <1 cup/d; 1 cup was defined as 150 mL) was not associated with the overall risk of chronic disease. A lower risk of T2D was associated with caffeinated (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.94; P-trend 0.009) and decaffeinated (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.46, 1.06; P-trend: 0.043) coffee consumption (≥4 cups/d compared with <1 cup/d), but cardiovascular disease and cancer risk were not. The competing risk analysis showed no significant differences between the risk associations of individual diseases.
Our findings suggest that coffee consumption does not increase the risk of chronic disease, but it may be linked to a lower risk of T2D.
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are potent antioxidants found in certain foods and drinks, most notably in coffee. In recent years, basic and clinical investigations have implied that the consumption of chlorogenic acid can have an anti-hypertension effect. Mechanistically, the metabolites of CGAs attenuate oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), which leads to the benefit of blood-pressure reduction through improved endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability in the arterial vasculature. This review article highlights the physiological and biochemical findings on this subject and highlights some remaining issues that merit further scientific and clinical exploration. In the framework of lifestyle modification for the management of cardiovascular risk factors, the dietary consumption of CGAs may hold promise for providing a non-pharmacological approach for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.
The effect of coffee and caffeine on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hypertensive persons is uncertain.
The objective was to summarize the evidence on the acute and longer-term effects of caffeine and coffee intake on BP and on the association between habitual coffee consumption and risk of CVD in hypertensive individuals.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of publications identified in a PubMed and EMBASE search up to 30 April 2011 was undertaken. Data were extracted from controlled trials on the effect of caffeine or coffee intake on BP change and from cohort studies on the association between habitual coffee consumption and CVD.
In 5 trials, the administration of 200-300 mg caffeine produced a mean increase of 8.1 mm Hg (95% CI: 5.7, 10.6 mm Hg) in systolic BP and of 5.7 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.1, 7.4 mm Hg) in diastolic BP. The increase in BP was observed in the first hour after caffeine intake and lasted ≥3 h. In 3 studies of the longer-term effect (2 wk) of coffee, no increase in BP was observed after coffee was compared with a caffeine-free diet or was compared with decaffeinated coffee. Last, 7 cohort studies found no evidence of an association between habitual coffee consumption and a higher risk of CVD.
In hypertensive individuals, caffeine intake produces an acute increase in BP for ≥3 h. However, current evidence does not support an association between longer-term coffee consumption and increased BP or between habitual coffee consumption and an increased risk of CVD in hypertensive subjects.
In 2 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, increased coffee intake was associated with slightly higher blood pressure. However, these trials were short in duration (<85 d).
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of long-term prospective studies that examined the association of habitual coffee consumption with risk of hypertension.
We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Agricola, and Cochrane Library) through August 2009 with the use of a standardized protocol. Eligible studies were prospective cohort trials that examined the association of coffee consumption with incident hypertension or blood pressure.
From 6 prospective cohort studies, a total of 172,567 participants and 37,135 incident hypertension cases were included. Mean follow-up ranged from 6.4 to 33.0 y. Compared with the lowest consumption [<1 cup (≈237 mL)/d], the pooled relative risks (RRs) for hypertension were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.18) for the next higher category (1-3 cups/d), 1.07 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.20) for the second highest category (3-5 cups/d), and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.21) for the highest category (>5 cups/d). A dose-response meta-analysis showed an inverse "J-shaped" curve (P for quadratic term < 0.001) with hypertension risk increasing up to 3 cups/d (RR for comparison of 3 with 0 cups/d: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.20) and decreasing with higher intakes (RR for comparison of 6 with 0 cups/d: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.10).
The results suggest that habitual coffee consumption of >3 cups/d was not associated with an increased risk of hypertension compared with <1 cup/d; however, a slightly elevated risk appeared to be associated with light-to-moderate consumption of 1 to 3 cups/d.
The purposes of this study were to perform a detailed analysis how: i) the frequency of coffee/tea consumption and ii) the use of additives in coffee/tea is associated with measures of total and abdominal obesity.
3,823 participants of the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined. Obesity was assessed by BMI and waist circumference (WC). Coffee and tea consumption and use of additives were assessed by questionnaire.
Coffee consumption was not related to BMI or WC in either gender. However, men who drank ≥2 cups of tea per day had lower BMI (25.9 vs. 28.0 kg/m(2)) and WC (95.2 vs. 101.32 cm) values than men who never drank drink tea (p ≤ 0.05). The associations between tea consumption and BMI or WC were no longer significant after adjustment for additive use. Coffee/tea drinkers who used artificial sweeteners had larger (p ≤ 0.05) BMIs than coffee/tea drinkers who did not use sweeteners (28.2 vs. 27.1 kg/m(2) in men, 28.4 vs. 27.1 kg/m(2) in women).
Frequency of coffee/tea consumption was not associated with measures of obesity because additive use explained the association between tea consumption and obesity in men. Artificial sweetener use within coffee/tea was associated with higher BMI.
Coffee is among the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Numerous epidemiological studies have reported a significant inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Therefore, we conducted an epidemiological study to clarify the relationship between coffee consumption and adiponectin levels in Japanese males. We also evaluated whether green tea consumption affected adiponectin levels.
We carried out a cross-sectional study. The subjects were 665 male employees in Japan. Coffee consumption was assessed, using a self-administered questionnaire, as the number of times per week and cups per day respondents drank, and subjects were grouped into four levels (non, 1-5 times/week, 1-2 cups/day and ≥3 cups/day).
The means of adiponectin levels were positively associated with coffee consumption. A dose-response relationship was found between coffee consumption and circulating adiponectin levels. The relationship remained significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors (P for trend <0.05). However, green tea consumption was not significantly associated with adiponectin levels (P for trend = 0.90).
We not only revealed that habitual coffee consumption is associated with higher adiponectin levels in Japanese males but also found a dose-dependent association between coffee consumption and adiponectin levels. Therefore, our study suggested that coffee components might play an important role in the elevation of adiponectin level.
Coffee beverages, prepared in a multitude of ways around the world, are increasingly part of our daily lives. Although considered an unhealthy beverage for decades, coffee is increasingly the headline of medical journals in association with a reduced risk for several diseases. What if this beverage could give us pleasure, while modulating mood and lowering the risk for several diseases of the modern society, including type 2 diabetes (T2D)? Based on the most recent epidemiological and research data, long-term consumption of coffee beverages is associated with a lower risk of developing T2D in healthy individuals, probably involving multiple mechanisms, with interventions on glucose homeostasis, antioxidant activity, and inflammatory biomarkers. Several coffee constituents potentially responsible for these effects are described, as well as the factors that make their presence highly variable, with interesting effects associated with chlorogenic acids, trigonelline and norharman. Due to the high number of compounds contained in coffee, we explore the potential synergic effect within the coffee matrix. Moreover, acute coffee consumption shows different health effects from those achieved on a long-term daily consumption, and not all coffee beverages are similar. Still, despite the huge amount or work developed in the last decade, the substances and mechanisms behind these protective effects on T2D are still to be fully elucidated, being therefore soon for dietary interventions based on coffee.
Aims:
The association between coffee consumption and risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. For this reason, a meta-analysis including dose-response analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the association between coffee intakes and MetS risk.
Methods:
A search was made of PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant articles published between 1 January 1999 and 31 May 2015. All observational studies related to the relationship of coffee consumption and risk of MetS were included in the meta-analysis. The result was estimated by a random-effects model, while the dose-response relationship was assessed by a restricted cubic spline model.
Results:
Eleven published reports including 13 studies with a total of 159,805 participants were eligible for our meta-analysis. The aggregated result (and 95% CI) for the highest vs lowest category of coffee consumption was 0.872 (0.781-0.975). After excluding one study with a relative risk (RR)<0.300, the aggregated result (and 95% CI) was 0.889 (0.801-0.986). A non-linear relationship was found between coffee consumption and the MetS in the dose-response analysis.
Conclusion:
This meta-analysis suggests that coffee consumption is associated with a low risk of MetS, and further studies to address the question of causality are now needed.
Coffee drinking has been associated with increased serum cholesterol levels in some, but not all, studies. A Medline search of the English-language literature published prior to December 1998, a bibliography review, and consultations with experts were performed to identify 14 published trials of coffee consumption. Information was ed independently by two reviewers using a standardized protocol. With a random-effects model, treatment effects were estimated by pooling results from individual trials after weighting the results by the inverse of total variance. A dose-response relation between coffee consumption and both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was identified (p < 0.01). Increases in serum lipids were greater in studies of patients with hyperlipidemia and in trials of caffeinated or boiled coffee. Trials using filtered coffee demonstrated very little increase in serum cholesterol. Consumption of unfiltered, but not filtered, coffee increases serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol.
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages. We tested the hypothesis that genetically high coffee intake is associated with low risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and with related components thereof.
We included 93 179 individuals from two large general population cohorts in a Mendelian randomization study. We tested first whether high coffee intake is associated with low risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and with related components thereof, in observational analyses; second, whether five genetic variants near the CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and AHR genes are associated with coffee intake; and third, whether the genetic variants are associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and with related components thereof. Finally, we tested the genetic association with type 2 diabetes in a meta-analysis including up to 78 021 additional individuals from the DIAGRAM consortium.
Observationally, high coffee intake was associated with low risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Further, high coffee intake was associated with high body mass index, waist circumference, weight, height, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and total cholesterol and with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with glucose levels. In genetic analyses, 9-10 vs 0-3 coffee-intake alleles were associated with 29% higher coffee intake. However, genetically derived high coffee intake was not associated convincingly with obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, body mass index, waist circumference, weight, height, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or glucose levels. Per-allele meta-analysed odds ratios for type 2 diabetes were 1.01 (0.98-1.04) for AHR rs4410790, 0.98 (0.95-1.01) for AHR rs6968865, 1.01 (0.99-1.03) for CYP1A1/2 rs2470893, 1.01 (0.98-1.03) for CYP1A1/2 rs2472297 and 0.98 (0.95-1.01) for CYP1A1 rs2472299.
High coffee intake was associated observationally with low risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and was associated observationally with related components thereof, but with no genetic evidence to support corresponding causal relationships.
© The Author 2015; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.
Objective.
—To determine the effect of filtered-coffee consumption on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy men.Design.
—Randomized controlled trial with an 8-week washout period followed by an 8-week intervention period during which men were randomly assigned to drink 720 mL/d of caffeinated coffee, 360 mL/d of caffeinated coffee, 720 mL/d of decaffeinated coffee, or no coffee.Setting.
—Outpatient clinical research center in a university medical center.Participants.
—One hundred healthy male volunteers.Outcome Measure.
—Changes in plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels during the intervention period.Results.
—Men who consumed 720 mL of caffeinated coffee daily had mean increases in plasma levels of total cholesterol (0.24 mmol/L, P=.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.17 mmol/L, P=.04), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.08 mmol/L, P=.03). No significant changes in these plasma lipoprotein levels occurred in the other groups. Compared with the group who drank no coffee, the group who drank 720 mL/d of caffeinated coffee had increases in plasma levels of total cholesterol (0.25 mmol/L, P =.02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.15 mmol/L, P=.17), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.09 mmol/L, P=.12) after adjustment for changes in diet.Conclusion.
—Consumption of 720 mL/d of filtered, caffeinated coffee leads to a statistically significant increase in the plasma level of total cholesterol, which appears to be due to increases of both low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.(JAMA. 1992;267:811-815)
(95% CI, 0.26 to 0.82; P 0.007 for trend), respectively. The corresponding multivariate relative risks in women were 1.00, 1.16, 0.99, 0.70, and 0.71 (CI, 0.56 to 0.89; P < 0.001 for trend), respectively. For decaffeinated coffee, the multivariate relative risks comparing persons who drank 4 cups or more per day with nondrinkers were 0.74 (CI, 0.48 to 1.12) for men and 0.85 (CI, 0.61 to 1.17) for women. Total caffeine intake from coffee and other sources was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk for diabetes in both men and women. Conclusions: These data suggest that long-term coffee consumption is associated with a statistically significantly lower risk for type 2 diabetes.
Aims/hypothesis:
Epidemiological studies have found that a diet high in fibre and coffee, but low in red meat, reduces the risk for type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that these nutritional modifications differentially improve whole-body insulin sensitivity (primary outcome) and secretion.
Methods:
Inclusion criteria were: age 18-69 years, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), type 2 diabetes treated with diet, metformin or acarbose and known disease duration of ≤ 5 years. Exclusion criteria were: HbA1c >75 mmol/mol (9.0%), type 1 or secondary diabetes types and acute or chronic diseases including cancer. Patients taking any medication affecting the immune system or insulin sensitivity, other than metformin, were also excluded. Of 59 patients (randomised using randomisation blocks [four or six patients] with consecutive numbers), 37 (54% female) obese type 2 diabetic patients completed this controlled parallel-group 8-week low-energy dietary intervention. The participants consumed either a diet high in cereal fibre (whole grain wheat/rye: 30-50 g/day) and coffee (≥ 5 cups/day), and free of red meat (L-RISK, n = 17) or a diet low in fibre (≤ 10 g/day), coffee-free and high in red meat (≥ 150 g/day) diet (H-RISK, n = 20). Insulin sensitivity and secretion were assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and intravenous glucose tolerance tests with isotope dilution. Whole-body and organ fat contents were measured by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy.
Results:
Whole-body insulin sensitivity increased in both groups (mean [95% CI]) (H-RISK vs L-RISK: 0.8 [0.2, 1.4] vs 1.0 [0.4, 1.7]mg kg(-1) min(-1), p = 0.59), while body weight decreased (-4.8% [-6.1%, -3.5%] vs -4.6% [-6.0%, -3.3%], respectively). Hepatic insulin sensitivity remained unchanged, whereas hepatocellular lipid content fell in both groups (-7.0% [-9.6%, -4.5%] vs -6.7% [-9.5%, -3.9%]). Subcutaneous fat mass (-1,553 [-2,767, -340] cm(3) vs -751 [-2,047; 546] cm(3), respectively) visceral fat mass (-206 [-783, 371] cm(3) vs -241 [-856, 373] cm(3), respectively) and muscle fat content (-0.09% [-0.16%, -0.02%] vs -0.02% [-0.10%, 0.05%], respectively) decreased similarly. Insulin secretion remained unchanged, while the proinflammatory marker IL-18 decreased only after the L-RISK diet.
Conclusions/interpretation:
No evidence of a difference between both low-energy diets was identified. Thus, energy restriction per se seems to be key for improving insulin action in phases of active weight loss in obese type 2 diabetic patients, with a potential improvement of subclinical inflammation with the L-RISK diet.
Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01409330.
Funding:
This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MIWF NRW), the German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG), the Federal Ministry for Research (BMBF) to the Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) and the Helmholtz Alliance Imaging and Curing Environmental Metabolic Diseases (ICEMED).
Purpose
The hypothesis was tested that coffee types differing in content of major constituents also differ with regard to cardiometabolic effects.
Methods
Overweight persons (n = 118) were randomized to consume a dark roast [rich in N-methylpyridinium (NMP)] or medium roast (rich in caffeoylquinic acids, trigonelline) coffee blend for 3 months, after a washout period of 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention period, body weight and 15 further general and biochemical parameters were determined.
Results
Participants consumed an average of 4–5 cups per day. Mean body weight, body mass index and waist circumference did not change during the coffee consumption phase in either of the study groups. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the dark roast coffee group only (p
Aims
Cumulative evidence suggests that coffee consumption may have beneficial effects on metabolic diseases; however, few previous studies have considered the types of coffee consumed and the additives used. We investigated the relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and its components.
Methods
We analyzed 17,953 Korean adults, aged 19–65 years, using cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2007–2011). Coffee consumption level, types of coffee consumed, and the additives used were assessed based on a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall. Demographic and lifestyle factors were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Data on metabolic biomarkers were obtained from a health examination. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios of prevalent metabolic syndrome and its components according to frequency and type of coffee consumption.
Results
We found that 76% of the subjects were habitual coffee drinkers, most of whom consumed instant coffee mix containing sugar and powder creamer. After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios (95% CI) comparing those who consumed coffee ≥3 times/day with those who consumed coffee <1 time/week were 1.37 (1.15–1.63) for obesity, 1.33 (1.11–1.59) for abdominal obesity, 1.28 (1.09–1.51) for hypo-HDL cholesterolemia, and 1.37 (1.10–1.72) for metabolic syndrome. Instant-coffee drinkers were observed to have elevated risks of these metabolic conditions.
Conclusions
Consumption of coffee, particularly instant coffee mix, may have harmful effects on MetSyn, perhaps partly deriving from excessive intake of sugar and powder creamer.
Background and Aims
Epidemiological studies conducted in European countries demonstrated that the adoption of a Mediterranean diet protect against clustered risk factors but those evaluating such benefits specifically in southern Italy are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk factors obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
Methods
A cross-sectional population-based survey including 3 090 subjects was conducted in Sicily, southern Italy. Food intake was evaluated through a validated food frequency questionnaire and adherence to the dietary pattern was assessed using the MedDietScore. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and respective confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
After adjusting for confounding factors such as age and gender, participants in the highest tertile of the MedDietScore were less likely to be obese (OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24-0.51), hypertensive (OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.97), and diabetic (OR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.77). Linear inverse relation between the MedDietScore and BMI (r2 = 0.34, P <0.001), waist circumference (r2 = 0.17, P <0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (r2 = 0.06, P <0.001) was found.
Conclusion
Despite the prevalence rates of nutrition-related diseases are high in Sicily, greater adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern is still associated with a better health status.
Considerable controversy exists regarding the association between coffee consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the dose-response relationship of long-term coffee consumption with CVD risk.
Pubmed and EMBASE were searched for prospective cohort studies of the relationship between coffee consumption and CVD risk, which included coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and CVD mortality. Thirty-six studies were included with 1,279,804 participants and 36,352 CVD cases. A non-linear relationship of coffee consumption with CVD risk was identified (P for heterogeneity = 0.09, P for trend < 0.001, P for non-linearity < 0.001). Compared with the lowest category of coffee consumption (median: 0 cups/d), the relative risk of CVD was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.03) for the highest (median: 5 cups/d) category, 0.85 (0.80 to 0.90) for the second highest (median: 3.5 cups/d), and 0.89 (0.84 to 0.94) for the third highest category (median: 1.5 cups/d). Looking at separate outcomes, coffee consumption was non-linearly associated with both CHD (P for heterogeneity = 0.001, P for trend < 0.001, P for non-linearity < 0.001) and stroke risks (P for heterogeneity = 0.07, P for trend < 0.001, P for non-linearity< 0.001) (P for trend differences > 0.05).
A non-linear association between coffee consumption with CVD risk was observed in this meta-analysis. Moderate coffee consumption was inversely significantly associated with CVD risk, with the lowest CVD risk at 3 to 5 cups/d, and heavy coffee consumption was not associated with elevated CVD risk.
Digestibility of mannooligosaccharides obtained from thermal hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds was examined by in vitro digestion method. Mannooligosaccharides were resistant to human salivary a-amylase, artificial gastric juice, porcine pancreatic enzymes and rat intestinal mucous enzymes. Fermentation products of mannooligosaccharides in human large intestine were estimated by in vitro fecal incubation method. Mannooligosaccharides were fermented by human fecal bacteria and the products of fermentation were short chain fatty acids. Acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids were the main short chain fatty acids as end fermentation products. These results suggest that mannooligosaccharides are indigestible saccharides and are converted to short chain fatty acids in human large intestine. The short chain fatty acids are thought to improve the large intestinal environment. Moreover, they are absorbed and utilized by the host as an energy source.
Aims/Introduction: Few studies, especially in Asia, have examined the relevance between metabolic syndrome (MetS), habitual indulgence and dietary behaviors in health‐care professionals. The present study evaluates metabolic syndrome rate and its association with habitual indulgence (coffee, tea, alcohol and cigarette smoking) and diet behavior in health‐care professionals.
Materials and Methods: Information was collected from 514 health‐care professionals (147 men, 367 women) who underwent routine physical examinations at a medical center in central Taiwan.
Results: Mean age was 48 ± 5 years for men and 45 ± 4 years for women. Mean body mass index was 25.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2 for men and 22.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2 for women. The age‐adjusted MetS rate among subjects was 24.8–11.7% in men and 7.8–5.4% in women, using two different definitions, respectively. The MetS rate among those who occasionally or frequently consumed tea was higher than among those who never consumed tea (P < 0.05). Although the proportion of subjects who had MetS differed among those with differing alcohol drinking habits (never, quit and current; P < 0.05), a posteriori comparisons showed no significant differences between the two groups. Compared with those who had never smoked, the rate was higher in former smokers and current smokers (P < 0.001). No significant association with coffee consumption was found. People with MetS often consumed sweetened beverages (P < 0.05), rarely read nutrition labels and seldom consumed dairy products.
Conclusions: Health‐care professionals who regularly consume tea, smoke, frequently have sweetened drinks, rarely read nutrition labels or rarely consume dairy products are at higher risk of suffering from MetS. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00055.x, 2010)
To investigate the effects of different coffee amounts on dietary intake and appetite feelings in normal-weight and overweight/obese individuals.
Thirty-three volunteers (16 normal-weight, 17 overweight/obese) participated in three trials: they consumed a standard breakfast along with 200 ml of either coffee with 3 or 6 mg caffeine/kg body weight (Coffee 3 and Coffee 6, respectively), or water. At fasting and at standard time points for the 3 h following breakfast/drink consumption participants recorded their appetite feelings on visual analogue scales. At 180 min, participants consumed an ad libitum meal and the next day they recalled their food intake during the experimental day.
A significant intervention effect was found for the energy intake of the ad libitum meal (P = 0.05) and of the whole day (P = 0.02) only in overweight/obese individuals. Specifically, Coffee 6 resulted in a reduced energy intake during the ad libitum meal compared to Coffee 3 (P = 0.03) and in the total day compared to both water (P = 0.04) and Coffee 3 (P = 0.008). No effect was observed for the appetite feelings.
A moderate coffee amount can effectively reduce energy intake in the following meal and in the total day compared to lower or no coffee intake in overweight/obese participants.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of coffee drinking on clinical markers of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Zucker rats. Diabetic Zucker rats with metabolic syndrome and control Zucker rats were used for in vivo tests. The animals received daily doses of coffee drink by gavage for 30 days. After the treatment, the levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions, creatinine, uric acid, activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were evaluated. Urea and creatinine levels were also analyzed in urine. By collaborating in the modulation of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus type 2, coffee drink helped in reducing serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides. The results demonstrate that treatment with roasted coffee drink, because of its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect, is efficient in the protection of animals with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus type 2.
Objectives:
The goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether habitual coffee consumption shows beneficial association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults.
Methods:
The association of coffee consumption and MetS-related biomarkers including visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total serum adiponectin (T-Ad), low-molecular-weight serum adiponectin (LMW-AD), medium-molecular-weight serum adiponectin (MMW-Ad), and high-molecular-weight serum adiponectin (HMW-Ad) levels were analyzed among 364 Japanese men (36-61 y old) using two models of multivariate regression analyses; model 1 (adjusted for age, alcohol drinking, smoking, and walking status) and model 2 (adjusted for body mass index in addition to model 1 analysis). Participants were categorized into two groups according to their MetS risk score (raised blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c levels, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels).
Results:
Both light (1-3 cups/d) and moderate (≥4 cups/d) coffee consumption showed significant inverse associations with VFA and VFA/SFA ratio (P < 0.0001). Moderate coffee consumption showed a favorable tendency toward these associations with T-Ad (P = 0.06) and HMW-Ad (P = 0.07) levels in model 1 analysis. In participants with lower MetS risk score (≤1), moderate coffee consumption showed significant associations with T-Ad and HMW-Ad levels (P < 0.05) in both analyses, whereas no significant associations of coffee consumption with adiponectin levels were seen in the men with higher MetS risk scores (≥2).
Conclusions:
Habitual moderate coffee consumption shows significant inverse associations with MetS-related biomarkers possibly involving adiponectin, which is inversely related to visceral fat accumulation.
This study reports direct quantification of arabica in roasted and ground coffee blends of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora var. robusta. (1)H-NMR analysis of water extracts of coffee blends were combined with multivariate statistical analysis to obtain an OPLS model with high predictive capability. This approach allowed to evaluate the composition of coffee blends of unknown arabica and robusta content, on the basis of multiple chemical components. Differences in geographical origin of the analyzed samples did not affected the compositional determination of coffee blends. This approach represents a valid tool in authentication procedures of arabica and robusta blends of roasted and ground coffee.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of medium light roast (MLR) and medium roast (MR) paper-filtered coffee on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy volunteers.
Methods:
This randomized crossover trial compared the effects of consuming three or four cups (150 mL) of MLR or MR coffee per day for 4 wk in 20 healthy volunteers. Plasma lipids, lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), total homocysteine, and endothelial dysfunction-related inflammation biomarkers, serum glycemic biomarkers, and blood pressure were measured at baseline and after each intervention.
Results:
Both roasts increased plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) concentrations (10%, 12%, and 18% for MLR; 12%, 14%, and 14% for MR, respectively) (P < 0.05). MR also increased high-density lipoportein-cholesterol concentration by 7% (P = 0.003). Plasma fibrinogen concentration increased 8% after MR intake (P = 0.01), and soluble E-selectin increased 12% after MLR intake (P = 0.02). No changes were observed for Lp(a), total homocysteine, glycemic biomarkers, and blood pressure.
Conclusion:
Moderate paper-filtered coffee consumption may have an undesirable effect on plasma cholesterol and inflammation biomarkers in healthy individuals regardless of its antioxidant content.
Objective:
Coffee is a beverage used worldwide. It includes a wide array of components that can have potential implication on health. We have reviewed publications on the impact of coffee on a series of health outcomes.
Methods:
Articles published between January 1990 and December 2012 were selected after crossing coffee or caffeine with a list of keywords representative of the most relevant health areas potentially affected by coffee intake.
Results:
Caffeine, chlorogenic acids and diterpenes are important components of coffee. Tolerance often acts as a modulator of the biological actions of coffee. There is a significant impact of coffee on the cardiovascular system, and on the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Contrary to previous beliefs, the various forms of arterial cardiovascular disease, arrhythmia or heart insufficiency seem unaffected by coffee intake. Coffee is associated with a reduction in the incidence of diabetes and liver disease. Protection seems to exist also for Parkinson's disease among the neurological disorders, while its potential as an osteoporosis risk factor is under debate. Its effect on cancer risk depends on the tissue concerned, although it appears to favor risk reduction. Coffee consumption seems to reduce mortality.
Conclusion:
The information gathered in recent years has generated a new concept of coffee, one which does not match the common belief that coffee is mostly harmful. This view is further supported by the discovery of a series of phyto-components with a beneficial profile. Reasonable optimism needs to be tempered, however, by the insufficiency of the clinical data, which in most cases stem from observational studies.
Background:
Metabolic syndrome has been identified as a condition of childhood relatively recently. The aim in this study was to describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children allowing for differences in metabolic syndrome definitions.
Methods:
This was a systematic review of the OVID, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases, capturing details of overall prevalence and prevalence within groups categorized by obesity, gender, age, and ethnicity.
Results:
In all, 378 studies published since 2003 were identified, and of these 85 papers were included in the present review. When all studies were considered, the median prevalence of metabolic syndrome in whole populations was 3.3% (range 0%-19.2%), in overweight children was 11.9% (range 2.8%-29.3%), and in obese populations was 29.2% (range 10%-66%). Within-study analyses confirmed higher prevalence for obese compared to overweight (P=0.012) and obese compared to nonobese, nonoverweight children (P<0.001). Within-study analyses also revealed higher median metabolic syndrome prevalence for boys compared to girls (5.1% versus 3.0%, P<0.001) and also in older compared with younger children (5.6% versus 2.9%, P=0.001). Limited evidence was found to suggest differences between ethnic groups, and there were insufficient studies to determine whether metabolic syndrome prevalence was increasing over time.
Conclusions:
This is the first systematic review of all of the relevant literature. It describes the magnitude of associations between metabolic syndrome and obesity, age, and gender. We find evidence that ethnicity and geography may be important to metabolic syndrome prevalence in children and these associations require further study.
Coffee oil contains pentacyclic diterpenes as typical lipid constituents which have not been detected in any other foods. Major representatives are 16-O-methylcafestol, cafestol, and kahweol. Cafestol is contained in Arabica as well as in Robusta coffee. 16-O-Methylcafestol is found only in Robusta coffee. Larger quantities of kahweol were detected in Arabica coffee, but only trace amounts are present in Robusta.In coffee oil, the diterpenes are hardly present in free form. They are largely esterified with fatty acids. Up to 14 fatty acid esters of 16-O-methylcafestol and cafestol have been identified. Palmitate followed by linoleate, oleate, stearate, arachidate, and behenate comprise almost 98% of the acid moieties. In Robusta coffee, the total amount of these six 16-O-methylcafestol esters are between 1.0 and 3.0 g/kg d.m. The contents of the corresponding cafestol esters vary between 2.0 and 8.0 g/kg d.m. in Robusta coffee and 9.0 and 22.0 g/kg d.m. in Arabica coffee.Roasting has little influence on the percentage compositions of the diterpene ester fractions. Accordingly, the percentage distribution of diterpene esters in coffee powder is reflected in the resulting coffee brew. The absolute amounts depend on the type of preparation. In Scandinavian-type coffee, about 23% of the diterpene esters present in the powder can be found in the beverage. The lowest amount (0.3% of the initial quantity) is found in filtered coffee. An intermediate position is taken by espresso coffee with up to 2.5% of the initial concentration.
Even as the notion of continuing professional learning or development (CPL) in academic practice has become more established, the concept of curriculum and the nature of the learning involved remains problematic. We argue for a focus on transformation of self, and posit this as an expanded version of one established curriculum model. Through a case study of a participant in one graduate programme offered as CPL for clinical medical academics wanting to formalise their educational qualifications, this paper explores ways in which prevailing institutional management orthodoxies as well as historical institutional epistemologies influence possibilities for growth and development. We suggest that institutions need to find ways to strengthen their sense of identity and self-confidence if this situation is to improve.
CONTEXT:: Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide and is known to acutely raise blood pressure (BP), but the effects of chronic consumption on BP is unclear. OBJECTIVES:: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies to assess the effect of chronic coffee consumption on BP and the development of hypertension. DATA SOURCES:: Ovid, MEDLINE (from 1948), EMBASE (from 1988), and all of Web of Science and Scopus. STUDY SELECTION:: RCTs and cohort studies of at least 1-week duration that assessed BP and/or the incidence of hypertension in coffee consumers compared with a control group that consumed less or no coffee. DATA EXTRACTION:: Two authors independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion. Data were abstracted using standardized forms. Risk of bias in the RCTs was examined using the method described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Quality of the cohort studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for cohort studies. DATA SYNTHESIS:: Six hundred and ten articles were retrieved and a total of 15 (10 RCTs and five cohort studies) met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrated a pooled weighted difference in mean change in SBP of -0.55 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.46 to 1.36) and DBP -0.45 mmHg (95% CI -1.52 to 0.61). Meta-analysis of the cohort studies demonstrated a pooled risk ratio for developing hypertension of 1.03 (95% CI 0.98-1.08). CONCLUSION:: Low-quality evidence did not show any statistically significant effect of coffee consumption on BP or the risk of hypertension. Given the quality of the currently available evidence, no recommendation can be made for or against coffee consumption as it relates to BP and hypertension.
Coffee consumption has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. This association does not depend on race, gender, geographic distribution of the study populations, or the type of coffee consumed (i.e., caffeinated or decaffeinated). This review discusses the strength of this relationship, examines the possibility that the pattern of coffee consumption could influence the association, and evaluates the possible relationship between coffee consumption and other risk factors associated with diabetes. Particular attention is paid to the identification, on the basis of the scientific evidence, of the possible mechanisms by which coffee components might affect diabetes development, especially in light of the paradoxical effect of caffeine on glucose metabolism. In addition to the role of coffee in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, the possible role of coffee in the course of the illness is explored. Finally, the possibility that coffee can also affect the risk of other forms of diabetes (e.g., type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes) is examined.
There is a substantial body of evidence linking Mediterranean Diet to cardiovascular risk reduction and prevention of the major chronic diseases. Nevertheless Mediterranean societies are rapidly withdrawing from this eating pattern orienting their food choices toward products typical of the Western diet pattern, which is rich in refined grains, animal fats, sugars, processed meat but are quite poor in legumes, cereals, fruits and vegetables. The reasons people keep on shifting from healthy to unhealthy dietary habits remain open to several interpretations. Social changes appear to have consistently contributed to radical reversal in dietary habits in European Mediterranean societies even though developing Countries are somewhat turning into westernized diets as well.
Among possible causes, increasing prices of some of the major food items of Mediterranean pyramid seem to have led people to give up this eating pattern in favor of less expensive products which allow to save money but are definitively unhealthy.
Many studies suggest that diet quality follows a socio-economic gradient highlighting how disadvantaged people present higher rates of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer. Recent studies have shown a linear relationship between food cost and adherence to eating patterns and obesity. In addition to financial crisis, during the last decades the Mediterranean Diet has been put on the spot because of its alcohol –in- moderation component. Does it make any sense to blame a whole philosophy, which turned out to have beneficial effects on human health, just because, in some Countries, there is a misuse of alcoholic beverages?
Mannooligosaccharides (MOS), extracted from coffee, have been shown to promote a decrease in body fat when consumed as part of free-living, weight-maintaining diets. Our objective was to determine if MOS consumption (4 g/day), in conjunction with a weight-loss diet, would lead to greater reductions in adipose tissue compartments than placebo. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled weight-loss study in which 60 overweight men and women consumed study beverages and received weekly group counseling for 12 weeks. Weight and blood pressure were measured weekly, and adipose tissue distribution was assessed at baseline and at end point using magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 54 subjects completed the study. Men consuming the MOS beverage had greater loss of body weight than men consuming the Placebo beverage (-6.0 ± 0.6% vs. -2.3 ± 0.5%, respectively, P < 0.05). Men consuming the MOS beverage also had reductions in total body volume (P < 0.0001), total (P < 0.0001), subcutaneous (P < 0.0001), and visceral (P < 0.05) adipose tissue that were greater than changes observed in those consuming the Placebo beverage. In women, changes in body weight and adipose tissue compartments were not different between groups. Adding coffee-derived MOS to a weight-loss diet enhanced both weight and adipose tissue losses in men, suggesting a potential functional use of MOS for weight management and improvement in adipose tissue distribution. More studies are needed to investigate the apparent gender difference in response to MOS consumption.
Resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is present in the majority of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in ∼25% of nonobese individuals with normal oral glucose tolerance. In these conditions, deterioration of glucose tolerance can only be prevented if the β-cell is able to increase its insulin secretory response and maintain a state of chronic hyperinsulinemia. When this goal cannot be achieved, gross decompensation of glucose homeostasis occurs. The relationship between insulin resistance, plasma insulin level, and glucose intolerance is mediated to a significant degree by changes in ambient plasma free-fatty acid (FFA) concentration. Patients with NIDDM are also resistant to insulin suppression of plasma FFA concentration, but plasma FFA concentrations can be reduced by relatively small increments in insulin concentration.Consequently, elevations of circulating plasma FFA concentration can be prevented if large amounts of insulin can be secreted. If hyperinsulinemia cannot be maintained, plasma FFA concentration will not be suppressed normally, and the resulting increase in plasma FFA concentration will lead to increased hepatic glucose production. Because these events take place in individuals who are quite resistant to insulinstimulated glucose uptake, it is apparent that even small increases in hepatic glucose production are likely to lead to significant fasting hyperglycemia under these conditions. Although hyperinsulinemia may prevent frank decompensation of glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant individuals, this compensatory response of the endocrine pancreas is not without its price. Patients with hypertension, treated or untreated, are insulin resistant, hyperglycemic, and hyperinsulinemic. In addition, a direct relationship between plasma insulin concentration and blood pressure has been noted. Hypertension can also be produced in normal rats when they are fed a fructose-enriched diet, an intervention that also leads to the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The development of hypertension in normal rats by an experimental manipulation known to induce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia provides further support for the view that the relationship between the three variables may be a causal one. However, even if insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are not involved in the etiology of hypertension, it is likely that the increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with hypertension and the fact that this risk if not reduced with antihypertensive treatment are due to the clustering of risk factors for CAD, in addition to high blood pressure, associated with insulin resistance. These include hyperinsulinemia, IGT, increased plasma triglyceride concentration, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, all of which are associated with increased risk for CAD. It is likely that the same risk factors play a significant role in the genesis of CAD in the population as a whole. Based on these considerations the possibility is raised that resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia are involved in the etiology and clinical course of three major related diseases— NIDDM, hypertension, and CAD.