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Difference Between Algae and Bryophytes

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Found in http://pediaa.com/difference-between-algae-and-bryophytes/ Main Difference – Algae vs Bryophytes Algae and bryophytes are two types of primitive autotrophs found on earth. Both organisms exhibit undifferentiated, thalloid body structure. Algae play a vital role in ecosystems like fresh and marine water, as primary producers and oxygen producers. The most primitive land plants are bryophytes, living in intermediate of aquatic and terrestrial environment. Bryophytes are considered to be evolved from algae. Cell walls of both algae and bryophytes are made up of cellulose. Both algae and bryophytes lack a vascular system. The main difference between algae and bryophytes is the division of the plant body; no division of labour is observed in the plant body of algae whereas the plant body of bryophytes internally divides into photosynthetic and storage zones. This article explores,
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5/14/2017 DifferenceBetweenAlgaeandBryophytes|Definition,Classification,Characteristics
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DifferenceBetweenAlgaeandBryophytes
May14,2017 byLakna 7minread
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MainDifference–Algaevs
Bryophytes
Algae and bryophytes are two types of primitive autotrophs
found on earth. Both organisms exhibit undifferentiated,
thalloidbody structure. Algae play avital role in ecosystems
likefreshandmarinewater,as primaryproducersandoxygen
producers. The most primitive land plants are bryophytes,
living in intermediate of aquatic and terrestrial environment.
Bryophytes are considered to be evolved from algae. Cell
wallsofboth algae and bryophytes aremadeup of cellulose.
Bothalgaeandbryophyteslackavascularsystem.Themaindifferencebetweenalgaeandbryophytesisthedivision
of the plant body; no division of labour is observed in the plant body of algae whereas the plant body of
bryophytesinternallydividesintophotosyntheticandstoragezones.
Thisarticleexplores,
1.WhatareAlgae
–Definition,Classification,Characteristics
2.WhatareBryophytes
–Definition,Classification,Characteristics
3.WhatisthedifferencebetweenAlgaeandBryophytes
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WhatareAlgae
Algae are the plantlike organisms, which are classified under kingdom Protista. They are mostly unicellular and
foundinfresh,marineandwastewaterhabitats.Mostofthealgaeareautotrophs,containingphotosyntheticpigments
intheircells.Heterotrophic and mixotrophic algae types are found as othernutritionmodes.Mixotrophicalgaeuse
nutrition modes, autotrophy and heterotrophy. Autotrophic algae serve as the primary producers of aquatic food
chains.Around70%ofbreathingoxygenisproducedbyalgae.
Allcells in the plant bodyof algae are capable ofgrowing and reproducing. The sizeof algal body is variedfrom
microalgaeto macroalgae. Cyanobacteriaareprokaryoticmicroalgae. Theyarecalledbluegreen algaeaswell.Sea
weedsaremacroalgae. Algae produce motile sporesduringasexualreproduction.Sexualreproductionofeukaryotic
algaeoccursbytheunionofmaleandfemalegametes,whichareproducedindifferentindividuals.Hence,eukaryotic
algaearesexuallydimorphic.Freshwateralgaeinapondareshowninfigure1.
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Figure1:Freshwateralgae
ClassificationofAlgae
Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta are the three morphological types of algae. Chlorophyta is the most
diversegroup of algae. Chlorophyll, betacarotene and xanthphylls are the pigments found in Chlorophyta. Hence,
Chlorophyta is called green algae. Rodophyta are red algae, containing phycoerythrin as the main photosynthetic
pigment. Phaeophyta are brown algae, containing chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin as the photosynthetic pigments.
Laminariasaccharina,whichisabrownseaweed,isshowninfigure2.Itiscommonlycalledaskelp.
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Figure2:Laminariasaccharina
WhatareBryophytes
Bryohytesareadivisionofnonvascularlandplants,which
are classified under kingdom of Plantae. They are spore
producing plants in which the gametophyte stage is
dominant in the life cycle. Bryophytes are not seed
producingorfloweringplants.Theyaremostlyautotrophs.
Some bryophytes like liverworts do not contain
chlorophyll;hence,they rely on a fungal partnerforfood.
Bryophytesgrowinmoistshadyplaces,producingphenolic
compounds which deter herbivores. Other plants are also
benefitedbythewatercollectedbybryophytes.
Bryophytesare macroscopicplantsandtheir sizevariesfrom amilimetertallto longstrandsabout onemeter.Root
likestructurescalledrhizoidsallowtheplanttoanchoronasurface.Rhizoidsarenotwaterabsorbingunits.Wateris
conductedinternallyintheplantbodywhichisabsorbedbytheplantbodyitself.Asexualreproductionofbryophytes
occurs by fragmentation and small aggregations called gemmae. Water carries sperms to the eggs during sexual
reproduction.Fertilization ofgametesformsthe gametophyte withthesporecapsules calledsporophyte.Sporophyte
producesspores,whicharedispersedthroughthewind.ThegametophyteofOedipodiumgriffithianumwithgammae
isshowninfigure3.
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Figure3:Oedipodiumgriffithianumgametophytewithgammae
ClassificationofBryohytes
Marchantiophyta (liverworts), Bryophyta (mosses) and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts) are the three divisions of
bryophytes. Liverworts are flattened mosslike leafy plants. The leaves of the liverworts do not contain costa. But
marginalciliaarepresentinliverworts.Mossesconsistofonecellthick,simpleleaves,whichareattachedtoastem.
They grow in dense green clumps. Mossses contain costa, which is a midrib, running lengthwise through the leaf.
Hornworts consist of a hornlike, elongated sporophyte on the gametophyte. Jamesoniella undulifolia, which is a
liverwortisshowninfigure4.
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Figure4:Jamesoniellaundulifolia
DifferenceBetweenAlgaeandBryophytes
Definition
Algae:AlgaeareplantlikeorganismsclassifiedunderkingdomProtista.
Bryophytes:BryohytesareadivisionofnonvascularlandplantsclassifiedunderkingdomPlantae.
Habitat
Algae:Algaegrowinaquatichabitats.
Bryophytes:Bryophytesgrowinmoist,shadyplaces.
RoleinEcosystems
Algae: Algae serve as the primary producers in aquatic food chains while releasing high proportion of breathable
oxygenintotheatmosphere.
Bryophytes:Bryophytesproduceimportantbuffersystemsforotherplants.
Unicellular/Multicellualr
Algae:Bothunicellularandmulticellualralgaearepresent.
Bryophytes:Allbryophytesaremulticellular.
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PlantBody
Algae:Algaecanbeunicellularormulticellularandfilamentous,thalloidorleafy.
Bryophytes:Bryophytesarealwaysmulticellularthalloidorleafy.
DivisionofLabour
Algae:Algalplantbodyexhibitsnodivisionoflabour.
Bryophytes:Plantbodyofbryophytesinternallydividesintophotosyntheticandstoragezones.
PoresorStomata
Algae:Poresorstomataareabsentinalgae.
Bryophytes:Gasexchangeoccursthroughporesorstomatainbryophytes.
Rhizoids
Algae:Rhizodsareabsentinalgae.
Bryophytes:Twotypesofrhizoidsarefound:smoothwalledandtuberculated.
GrowthandReproduction
Algae:Eachandeverycellinthebodyiscapableofgrowthandreproduction.
Bryophytes:Onlyapicalcellsarecapableofgrowthandreproduction.
AsexualReproduction
Algae:Zoospores,aplanosporesandhypnosporesareproducedduringasexualreproductionofalgae.
Bryophytes:Asexualreproductionisabsentinbryophytes.
SexualReproduction
Algae:Sexualreproductionofalgaeoccursthroughisogamous,anisogamousoroogamous.
Bryophytes:Sexualreproductionoccursonlythroughoogamous.
SterileJacket
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Algae:Sterilejacketisnotfoundcoveringsexorgansofalgae.
Bryophytes:Sterilejacketisfoundsurroundingsexorgansofbryophytes.
FemaleSexOrgan
Algae:Oogoniumisthefemalesexorganinalgae.
Bryophytes:Archaegoniumisthefemalesexorganinbryophytes.
Zygote
Algae:Algalzygoteisliberatedfromthemotherplant.
Bryophytes:Zygoteinbryophytesremainsinthearchegonium.
Embryo
Algae:Noembryoformationoccursinalgae.
Bryophytes:Embryoisformedfromthezygoteofbryophytes.
Sporophyte
Algae:Algalsporophyteisindependentofgametophyte.
Bryophytes:Sporophyteofbryophytesdependsonthegametophyteofbryophytes.
SporophyteDifferentiation
Algae:Nodifferentiationofsporophyteintodistinctstructuresisfoundinalgae.
Bryophytes:Thesporophyteofbryophytesdifferentiatesintoroot,setaandcapsule.
Mitospores
Algae:Mitosporesarepresentinalgae.
Bryophytes:Mitosporesareabsentinbryophytes.
AlterationofGeneration
Algae:Alterationofgenerationinalgaeisisomorphic.
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AbouttheAuthor:Lakna
Bryophytes:Alterationofgenerationinbryophytesisheteromorphic.
Conclusion–Algaevs.Bryophytes
Algae and bryophytes are two types of primitive plants, which are classified under kingdom Protista and kingdom
Plantae.Bothalgaeandbryophytesgrowinmoisturehabitats.Mostalgaeandbryophytesareautotrophs.Themost
prominent photosynthetic pigment in bryophyta is chlorophyll, while algae contain several other types of
photosynthetic pigments. Both algae and bryophytes posses thalluslike plant body, which lack roots. Bryophytes
exhibit the division of labour into photosynthetic and storage structures. Rhiziods are rootlike structures found in
bryophytes, which allow the anchoring to the surface. The main difference between algae and bryophytes is the
organizationoftheplantbodyineachgroupoforganisms.
Reference:
1.Vidyasagar,Aparna.“WhatAreAlgae?”LiveScience.Purch,04June2016.Web.08May2017.
<http://www.livescience.com/54979whatarealgae.html>.
2.”Whatisabryophyte?”Whatisabryophyte?–bryophyte.N.p.,n.d.Web.08May2017.
<https://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/whatisbryophyte.html>.
3.Whatisabryophyte?N.p.,n.d.Web.08May2017.<http://rbgweb2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/Learning/whatis.htm>.
ImageCourtesy:
1.”864600″(PublicDomain)viaPixabay
2.“fish0183″via(CCBY2.0)viaFlickr
3.“GametophyteofOedipodiumgriffithianumwithgemmae”ByUser:Des_Callaghan–Ownwork(CCBYSA4.0)
viaCommonsWikimedia
4.“Jamesoniellaundulifolia”ByDes_Callaghan–Ownwork(CCBYSA4.0)viaCommonsWikimedia
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Lakna,agraduateinMolecularBiology&Biochemistry,isaMolecularBiologistandhasa
broadandkeeninterestinthediscoveryofnaturerelatedthings
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5/14/2017 DifferenceBetweenAlgaeandBryophytes|Definition,Classification,Characteristics
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... Bryophytes are spore-producing, non-vascular land plants that exhibit a clear division of their plant body into photosynthetic and storage zones (Lakna, 2017). They are the second largest division of plants after angiosperms but are less known because of their size (Chandra et al., 2017). ...
... Bryophytes have been found in almost all terrestrial habitats as well as forming biological associations with other organisms. They are mostly found growing in moist, shady places, producing phenolic compounds, which deter herbivores (Lakna, 2017). However, they prefer mesic environments that are damp, humid and shaded from excessive sunlight. ...
... Although they are mostly autotrophs, some bryophytes like liverworts do not contain chlorophyll. Hence, they form a symbiotic relationship with food (Lakna, 2017). ...
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With climate change and the massive extinction of biodiversity, this chapter seeks to address the ecological and economic significance of bryophytes. The objective of this chapter is to contribute to the general knowledge of this plant group to spur research and interest in conservation efforts. Ecologically, this chapter x-rays their habit, habitat, distribution, ecophysiology, and reproduction. Bryophytes terrestrialization begun several millions of years ago but is currently threatened by climate change and poor conservation efforts. Economically, this chapter highlights the multifarious uses and applications of bryophytes with a view to promoting diversification, sustainable utilization, and innovative application.
... Buna ek olarak selülozdan yapılı bir hücre duvarı ve enerji depolama ürünü olarak nişaştayı bitki yapılarında görmek mümkündür (Laursen ve Seppelt, 2009;Glime, 2009) Briyofitler diğer canlı organizmalarla ilişki içinde olup hemen hemen tüm karasal habitatlarda biyolojik topluluklar halinde bir araya gelmişlerdir. Çoğunlukla nemli, güneş ışığı almayan gölgeli ve rutubetli ortamları tercih ederler (Lakna, 2017). Bunun aksine, sıcaklığın yüksek olduğu kuru çöllerde, dağların yüksek rakımlarında ve kutuplara yakın habitatlarda da yaşayan briyofit türlerini görmek mümkündür. ...
Thesis
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This study examines the bryophyte flora of Papart High Plateau (Şavşat, Artvin) and its surroundings in Turkey’s Eastern Black Sea Region. Four field studies were conducted between July 25, 2022, and June 19, 2023, and approximately 1000 bryophyte samples were collected from 9 stations during different periods of vegetation. As a result of the examination of the bryophyte samples, a total of 243 taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) belonging to 58 families and 108 genera were identified. Of these, 1 taxon hornwort, 39 taxa liverworts, and 203 taxa mosses. Scapania mucronate, Scapania praetervisa, Solenostoma confertissimum, Niphotrichum canescens subsp. latifolium, and Platyhypnum alpinum are new records for the Turkish bryophyte flora. In addition, Scapania cuspiduligera, Dichodontium flavescens, Dicranum transsylvanicum, Schistidium lancifolium, and Orthotrichum crenulatum were reported for the second time in this study. In the biofloristic list, bryophyte taxa are given in accordance with the systematic hierarchy, together with their collection localities, regional distributions in Turkey and ecological characteristics.
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