(PDF) Perceptions of community resilience: A Maryland community pilot study, 2016

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Perceptions of

Community Resilience

A Maryland Community Pilot Study | 2016

Investigators:

o Karen Akerlof, Center for Climate

Change Communication, George Mason

University

o Fredrika Moser, Maryland Sea Grant

o Kristin Baja, Office of Sustainability,

Baltimore City

o Jennifer Dindinger, University of

Maryland Sea Grant Extension

o Victoria Chanse, University of Maryland

o Katherine Rowan, Center for Climate

Change Communication, George Mason

University

Higher education and community partners:

o Jabari Walker, Bowie State University

o Maryanne Akers, Morgan State

University

o Everette Bradford and Nicole Jackson-

Young, Prince George’s County

o Inez Robb, Western District CRC

o Earl Johnson, Baltimore Sustainability

Commission

o James Alston, Westport Community

Development Corporation

This study was funded by the Town Creek

Foundation of Easton, MD. We thank the

Foundation and Executive Director Stuart

Clarke for their support. Additionally, the

research would not have been possible

without the hard work and generosity of our partners (above left) and the many individuals

who chose to spend their spring weekends fielding the survey (above right).

Cover photo:

Community members discuss areas of environmental risk and ways to build resilience in

Baltimore. Photo courtesy of Office of Sustainability, City of Baltimore.

Suggested citation:

Akerlof, K., Moser, F., Dindinger, J., & Rowan, K. (2016). Perceptions of community resilience: A

Maryland community pilot study, 2016. Fairfax, VA: Center for Climate Change Communication,

George Mason University.

Survey fielding assistants:

(Staff, students, and community members)

Ashley Edwards

Baltimore Office of Sustainability

Ashley Pryor

Fulton Community Association

Brianna Moore

Bowie State University

Danait Nega

Morgan State University

Deja Watkins

George Mason University

Elloise Lotoc

George Mason University

Endia Hunt

George Mason University

Fredrika Moser

Maryland Sea Grant

Hannah Warner

George Mason University

Kalgi Vadher

Morgan State University

Karen Moore

Community member

Natasha Taliferro

George Mason University

Nathaniel Glosson

Morgan State University

Nick Hanna

George Mason University

Olivia Stanford

George Mason University

Pamela Jackson

Baltimore Office of Sustainability

Raven Shaw

Bowie State University

Roman Meerzaman

George Mason University

Sahr Foyoh

Morgan State University

Savera Meerzaman

George Mason University

Sophie Morgan-

Muslim

Bowie State University

Stacy Nelson

George Mason University

Walter Alonzo

George Mason University

Willene Robinson

Community member

Coordinators:

Atiya Page

George Mason University

Matthew Shonman

George Mason University

Bill Rohring

George Mason University

2 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table of contents

Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 3

1. Environmental health risk perceptions differ little by group ............................................... 6

2. Climate change is seen as a significant near-term threat ..................................................... 8

3. Trash and policing are among top areas of concern .......................................................... 10

4. Neighborhoods have experienced greater risks than the state in the last year ................ 11

5. Chronic medical conditions are more frequent in Baltimore .............................................. 14

6. Coping responses to stress differ between communities ................................................... 16

7. Majorities have taken actions to prepare for emergencies ............................................... 18

8. Neighborhoods perceive lower community resilience ........................................................ 19

9. Communities are in favor of protective action on climate .................................................. 20

10. Residents support local resilience and services hubs .......................................................... 21

11. Residents seek information on energy and climate ............................................................ 24

12. Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 25

13. Study methodology .............................................................................................................. 27

Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 34

Appendix A: Toplines: Baltimore City and Prince George’s County neighborhoods.............. 34

Appendix B: Toplines: Breakouts for Baltimore neighborhoods ............................................ 61

References .............................................................................................................................. 78

3 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Executive summary

Communities are beginning planning efforts to

consider adaptation strategies to build their

resilience (NRC, 2010), yet many lack the

political capital or access to information and

resources that would allow them to prepare for

chronic flooding, catastrophic storm events, and

losses of economically important natural

resources. Frequently, it is underserved and

underrepresented communities that lack these

resources and are most vulnerable to the effects

of changing environmental conditions (Douglas

et al., 2011; Melillo, Richmond, & Yohe, 2014).

Storm events are particularly devastating to

socially vulnerable communities, even when

controlling for infrastructure characteristics

(Highfield, Peacock, & Zandt, 2014). Meeting the

needs of high-risk/low-resource communities is

one of the most critical challenges in achieving

resilience nationally (NRC, 2010), but little

tailored information exists to guide program

development specifically for these contexts

(NOAA, 2015). Moreover, our understanding of

the conditions under which audiences are most

likely to engage in successful decision-making to

reduce vulnerabilities is still evolving (Webler,

Tuler, Dow, Whitehead, & Kettle, 2014).

This study represents a partnership with many

individuals and organizations—including the City

of Baltimore’s Office of Sustainability and Prince

George’s County Transforming Neighborhoods

Initiative— to increase discussion in

predominantly African American neighborhoods

in two areas of the state that are at high risk

from climate-related environmental changes and

have historically been underserved. The study

was conducted as a door-to-door survey in

spring 2016 in four neighborhoods of the state—

three in Baltimore and one in Prince George’s

County (see Methodology, p. 27).

Four Maryland neighborhoods

 Oliver-Broadway East lies in eastern

Baltimore, adjacent to Johns Hopkins

University. The neighborhood is comprised

mostly of row houses and is experiencing

revitalization in some areas.

 Sandtown-Winchester is a community of

primarily row houses in Baltimore centered

around the Western District Police Station.

 Westport sits on the southern reaches of

Baltimore, bounded by the Middle Branch

Patapsco River to the east and the

Wheelabrator waste-to-energy plant to the

north. The community includes primarily

row houses and some public housing.

Under Armour’s owner has purchased land

for development along the river.

 Glassmanor-Oxon Hill is located across the

Beltway from National Harbor in Prince

George’s County. The neighborhood sits on

a hill above the Potomac, across from

Washington, D.C., and is characterized by

large apartment complexes with a mix of

single family homes and town houses.

Neighborhood climate risks

 Flooding and sewage overflows from

stormwater run-off, urban heat island

effects, pollen allergens, increased air

pollution, storms, riverine flooding

(Westport)

Vulnerabilities

 Low socioeconomic populations, racial

disparities, vacant housing, poor health

and air quality (Baltimore), industrial

facilities (Westport)

4 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Key findings include:

Baltimore and Prince George’s community residents point to climate change risks. They are

more likely to report experiencing health and environmental harms than Marylanders as a

whole.

 The four Baltimore and Prince George’s County communities have the same levels of risk

perception for climate change—and related effects such as sea level rise, extreme heat,

storms, and flooding—as do the residents of the rest of the state.

 The majority of survey respondents in the Baltimore (57%) and Prince George’s County

(61%) neighborhoods identify climate change as likely to cause significant harm in the next

several years.

 The Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhood residents are more likely than

Marylanders generally to say they have experienced water damage caused by heavy rains or

flooding (38% Baltimore vs. 15% state) and sewage overflows after rains or storms (22%

Baltimore/19% Glassmanor-Oxon Hill vs. 6% state). They are also more likely to say they

have experienced health harms from storms and flooding than the state at large.

 Glassmanor-Oxon Hill respondents are more likely to say that pollen has harmed their

health than those in the Baltimore neighborhoods and Maryland as a whole.

 Chronic medical conditions are more pervasive in the three neighborhoods of Baltimore

than they are in the state, particularly for asthma (23% vs. 12%).

Residents report lower levels of social capital—resources and communication—to address

problems. They want information on energy and climate, and governments to take action,

including creation of local “resilience hubs.”

 Both the Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhoods rank their communities as

lower in social capital than residents statewide in terms of their ability to obtain resources

and communicate internally.

 Approximately two-thirds of the Baltimore (65%) and Glassmanor-Oxon Hill (67%)

neighborhoods say they support local and state governments taking action to protect their

communities from the effects of climate change.

 Almost two-thirds of Baltimore respondents (65%) say that they would be somewhat or

extremely likely to use a community building that provides shelter, food, water, and other

resources during emergency events. The same percentage in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill (65%)

say that they would be somewhat or extremely likely to use a centrally located services hub

5 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

in their community.

 Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhood residents are more likely to ask for

information on six energy and climate protection topics than people in the state as a whole.

Almost a third of our survey’s respondents requested energy bill assistance (31%).

Recommendations include:

 Some highly salient community issues, like trash, tie directly to climate preparedness

efforts; others may relate more peripherally. Solutions should thus address not only some

of the most critical problems, but simultaneous interests in building resilience to climate

impacts and general community development. For example, trash clogs storm drain

systems, resulting in flooding during heavy precipitation events, but it also affects

community pride and has health implications.

 Communication can be used to bolster social resilience for the purposes of building trust

and collective action. As such, it should be a program target.

 The neighborhoods described here—especially Baltimore—are already suffering

disproportionately from environmental and health risks, and recognize these risks at the

same rates as other Marylanders. Additional risk information may be counter-productive.

 Either fatalistic or more disengaged coping styles for stress should not be viewed as

synonymous with non-recognition of risk.

 Residents of all four neighborhoods called for more community centers as one of the most

important issues. Projects like the resiliency hub pilot in Baltimore and social services hub in

Glassmanor-Oxon Hill meet that call, and could potentially bolster both the physical

resources and social fabric of the neighborhoods.

 The four neighborhoods are not ambivalent about the role of climate change in their

communities, nor the role of government in tackling the problem—they are concerned and

supportive of action. This message should be conveyed to their elected representatives.

6 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

1. Environmental health risk perceptions differ little by group

As the example of Flint, Michigan’s lead-laced water reminded the country in 2015,

environmental health risks are sometimes unevenly distributed among communities.

Moreover, the feeling of being at risk is known to be influenced by social vulnerability,

especially gender and race.(Finucane, Slovic, Mertz, Flynn, & Satterfield, 2000; Flynn, Slovic, &

Mertz, 1994) Previous research has operationalized social vulnerability as a combination of

perceived social and economic discrimination, poor health, and reduced access to medical care

(Satterfield, Mertz, & Slovic, 2004).

Air and water pollution are seen as moderate to major personal health risks

Marylanders generally, and residents in the three communities of Baltimore and Glassmanor-

Oxon Hill neighborhood, all rank air and water pollution at the top of environmental risks that

they see as most threatening their health and well-being, and sea-level rise and weather

conditions as less likely to cause them harm (Figures 1-2, Appendix Table A1). The only

environmental risk that was statistically significantly different between the state and the

Baltimore and Prince George’s County communities was exposure to chemicals. For this

variable, state residents ranked the risk significantly higher than did the communities (Figure 2).

Climate change is ranked similarly as severe storms and heat as a health threat

The Baltimore and Prince George’s County communities have the same levels of risk perception

for climate change—and related effects such as sea level rise, extreme heat, storms, and

flooding—as do the residents of the rest of the state (Figure 1). Climate change is perceived as a

lesser threat than air and water pollution, and similar in level of threat to its potentially related

weather effects.

Risk perceptions do not differ between three Baltimore communities

There are no differences between the three Baltimore communities of Oliver-Broadway East,

Sandtown-Winchester, and Westport in their perceptions of these risks (Appendix Table B1).

7 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 1 | Sea level rise and weather conditions are perceived as of lower—minor to

moderate—personal health risk. (How much of a risk do you feel each of the following poses to

your health and well-being? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Figure 2 | Air and water pollution are seen as moderate to major risks. (How much of a risk do

you feel each of the following poses to your health and well-being? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Note: Brackets on figures indicate statistically significant differences between regions. Asterisks

denote level of significance at * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Lowest perceived risk

Highest perceived risk

8 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

2. Climate change is seen as a significant near-term threat

The majority of survey respondents in the Baltimore (57%) and Prince George’s County (61%)

neighborhoods identified climate change as likely to cause significant harm in the next several

years (Figure 3). Very few—only 8% in each of the two areas of the state—said that they don’t

think that climate change is happening. In the three Baltimore neighborhoods, the percentage

that said that near-term harm was likely ranged from more than half—64% (Westport) and 59%

(Oliver-Broadway East)—to just below (46%, Sandtown-Winchester) (Appendix, Table B2).

Figure 3 | Most say climate is likely to cause significant harm to their communities in the next

several years. (How likely do you think it is that climate change will cause significant harm to

your community within the next several years?)

9 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

3. Trash and policing are among top areas of concern

The first question of the survey was “What are the issues in your neighborhood you would like

to see addressed?” We asked respondents to rank them starting with those that were most

important. To give some context to the conditions of the four neighborhoods that are the focus

of this study, the U.S. Census estimates that a third (33%) of all residential housing is vacant in

the surveyed regions of the three Baltimore neighborhoods of Oliver-Broadway East,

Sandtown-Winchester, and Westport, and 12% in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill (Table 2, Methodology,

p. 29). In 2016, Baltimore began to provide garbage receptacles to residents; previously,

residents placed their trash on the street for pick-up in bags. During the time of the survey,

these receptacles were still unavailable in the neighborhoods of predominantly town houses

where the study was located.

The surveyed area of Glassmanor-Oxon Hill consists of many large apartment complexes,

interspersed with single-family homes, which remain predominantly African-American, but also

have become home to many new Spanish-speaking immigrants.

Trash is top issue of concern in three Baltimore neighborhoods

The most commonly listed top community issue in the Baltimore neighborhoods was trash

(Figure 4; Appendix Tables A3.a-A3.c). Trash was cited as an important issue in all three of the

communities. Drugs and vacant housing also were listed across all three as top issues of

concern. Rats came up as a first- and second-tier issue, as did guns and violence. Needed

improvements to the neighborhoods rounded out the lists: recreation centers, playgrounds,

grocery stores and healthy food, better schools and children’s programs, employment

opportunities, and fixing infrastructure like sidewalks, streets and lights.

Policing is a top issue of concern in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

Policing was also an issue that frequently appeared among the issues of top concern (Figure 5;

Appendix Tables A3.d). Survey respondents said both that they wanted a greater police

presence and that police harassment and aggression were problems. Other concerns include

trash, crime and violence, healthy food availability, and employment opportunities. The

residents of Glassmanor-Oxon Hill talked about their community needs for programs, centers,

playgrounds, resources and communication.

10 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 4 |Trash, housing, and drugs are at the top of community issues of concern in

Baltimore’s Oliver-Broadway East, Sandtown-Winchester, and Westport neighborhoods. Larger

font sizes represent the words repeated most frequently as the most important issues in

response to the question “What are the issues in your neighborhood you would like to see

addressed?”

Figure 5 | Police, trash, and crime and gun violence are the top topics brought up by those in

Glassmanor-Oxon Hill. Larger font sizes represent the words repeated most frequently as the

most important issues in response to the question “What are the issues in your neighborhood

you would like to see addressed?”

11 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

4. Neighborhoods have experienced greater risks in past year

Residents of the four Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhoods report experiencing

more detrimental social and environmental events and circumstances over the past year than

residents of the state as a whole (Figures 6-7; Appendix Table A4.a). There are more statistically

significant differences between the four communities and Marylanders statewide in the types

of these events that they report experiencing than in their perceptions of risks as reported

earlier in the report. The Baltimore and Prince George’s County residents are more likely than

Marylanders generally to say they have experienced environmental hazards such as: water

damage caused by heavy rains or flooding (38% Baltimore vs. 15% state); and sewage

overflows after rains or storms (22% Baltimore/19% Glassmanor-Oxon Hill vs. 6% state).

They are also more likely to report less access to resources that would help them to protect

against these and other types of environmental health threats, such as:

 insufficient financial resources to cover bills if unable to work for 1-2 weeks (37%

Baltimore/33% Glassmanor-Oxon Hill vs. 21% state),

 lack of access to high quality/nutritious food (25%/14% vs. 8% state),

 lack of access to transportation (22%/17% vs. 10% state),

 lack of access to medical care (19%/14% vs. 7% state),

 no household air conditioning (16%/17% vs. 11% state).

Water damage and sewage overflows are the only two areas with statistically significant

differences between the three Baltimore (Appendix Table B4.a). Almost half of Oliver-Broadway

East respondents (49%) say that they have had water damage of their home caused by heavy

rains or flooding as opposed to 36% of Westport residents and 28% in Sandtown-Winchester.

Similarly, 33% of Oliver-Broadway East respondents say that they have had sewage overflows

after rains or storms, compared to 21% in Sandtown-Winchester and 13% in Westport.

Pollen and pollution are perceived to cause the most harm to personal health

Marylanders—including the four neighborhoods of Baltimore and Prince George’s County

studied here—report overall low levels of harm to their health from an array of environmental

conditions such as extreme heat, vector-borne diseases, and storms (Figure 8; Appendix Table

A4.b). Pollen is most frequently reported as harmful to the respondent’s health in the previous

12 months, particularly so in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill. These respondents are more likely to say

that they have suffered from pollen than those in Baltimore and Maryland generally. The

Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhoods were surveyed during peak spring allergy

season—April and May—in what some reported as the highest pollen count ever in Maryland

(Charles, 2016).

12 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Respondents in Baltimore’s three neighborhoods point to suffering harm to their health from

air pollution, more so than both Glassmanor-Oxon Hill residents and state residents. Both

Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhoods are more likely to say they have

experienced health harms from storms and flooding than the state at large (Figure 8).

Health harms distinguish Baltimore neighborhoods

Baltimore residents across the three neighborhoods differ on only three of the nine measures

of climate-related health effects. Oliver-Broadway East respondents not only are more likely to

say they have experienced flooding, they are also more likely to say that it has harmed their

health (21% moderately/severely vs. 18% Westport/13% Sandtown-Winchester). Oliver-

Broadway East and Westport claim higher rates of health harms from waterborne disease (both

17% moderately/severely vs. 3% Sandtown-Winchester). More than a quarter of Westport

residents (29%) say they have been moderately or severely harmed by poor indoor air quality

from mold, while only 18% of Oliver-Broadway East and 9% of Sandtown-Winchester residents

say the same.

Figure 6 | Storm-related power outages are experienced frequently across the state. (In the last

12 months, have you experienced one or more of the following? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Most frequent

13 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 7 | No household heating or water are less likely to be experienced. (In the last 12

months, have you experienced one or more of the following? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Figure 8 | Pollen is more likely to be seen as a harm to health than weather and disease. (In the

last 12 months, how much has your health been harmed by the following? Base n = 228, 111,

907)

Least frequent

14 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

5. Chronic medical conditions are more frequent in Baltimore

Socioeconomic status can affect health through social participation and the psychosocial

environment, including stress and reciprocal effects of poor health (Shi & Stevens, 2010;

Siegrist & Marmot, 2004). Residents of the Baltimore and Prince George’s County

neighborhoods report the same levels of prolonged stress in the past year as Marylanders

generally—about 4 in 10 have not experienced any periods of stress lasting a month or longer

(Figure 9; Appendix Table A5.a). And there are no significant differences in stress levels

between the three Baltimore neighborhoods (Appendix Table B5.a).

Chronic medical conditions are more pervasive in the three neighborhoods of Baltimore than

they are in the state as a whole for asthma (23% vs. 12%), kidney problems (4% vs. 2%), stroke

(9% vs. 2%), and hepatitis (6% vs. 2%) (Figures 10-11). There are no significant differences in

these rates among the three Baltimore neighborhoods (Appendix Table B5.b). However,

Marylanders are more likely to say they have cancer (9% vs. 4%).

Glassmanor-Oxon Hill residents are healthier on a number of measures than the rest of the

state. They are less likely to report hypertension (17% vs. 24%), arthritis (14% vs. 21%), cancer

(3% vs. 9%), and coronary heart disease (1% vs. 5%). Glassmanor-Oxon Hill survey respondents

were also substantially younger than those of Baltimore—almost half (43%) were between 18

and 34 years old, compared to only 25% of those from the city.

Figure 9 | Prolonged stress levels are roughly equivalent across regions of the state. (In the last

12 months, have you personally experienced one or more prolonged periods of stress of one

month or longer in relation to circumstances in everyday life, such as work, health or a family

situation? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

15 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 10 | Hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, and asthma are among the most commonly cited

chronic medical conditions. (Have you ever been told by a doctor or health care provider that

you have one or more of these conditions? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Figure 11 | Failing kidneys, stroke, and hepatitis are among the least commonly cited medical

conditions. (Have you ever been told by a doctor or health care provider that you have one or

more of these conditions? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Most common

Least common

16 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

6. Coping responses to stress differ between communities

People cope with stress in many ways. These strategies can be experientially and culturally

learned and contribute to individual and community resilience. We asked respondents how

they deal with difficult situations—whether they disengage with the source of their stress, cope

emotionally, or develop active coping strategies.

All Marylanders are equally likely to turn to work to escape stressful situations. Residents in

Baltimore’s neighborhoods are also slightly more likely to say that they give up or sleep (Figure

12; Appendix Table A6). Marylanders also equally use the emotional coping technique of just

“learning to live” with the stressor (Figure 13). Both Baltimore and Prince George’s County

neighborhood residents are more likely than Marylanders generally to also put their trust in

God—indeed they typically say they do so a “medium amount” to “a lot.” Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

respondents are more likely than Marylanders generally to look for the good in the situation.

One active coping strategy is to talk to others to find out more information. This is practiced

equivalently throughout the state and our four neighborhoods. Those in Baltimore’s

neighborhoods are significantly less likely to use two other active coping strategies than the

state as a whole: concentrating their efforts on the problem and coming up with a strategy for

what to do (Figure 14). There is little significant difference between Baltimore’s three

neighborhoods in preferred coping strategies; residents in Sandtown-Winchester and Westport

are more likely to say that they “learn to live with it” than those in Oliver-Broadway East

(Appendix Table B6).

Figure 12 | Turning to work

is equally practiced by all

Marylanders as a means of

coping with stress.

(Typically, when you

experience stress, what do

you do? Base n = 228, 111,

907)

Disengagement

17 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 13| Putting faith in God

is more common in the

Baltimore and Prince George’s

County neighborhoods.

(Typically, when you

experience stress, what do you

do? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Figure 14| Talking to someone is

a common active coping

strategy. (Typically, when you

experience stress, what do you

do? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Emotional coping

Active coping

18 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

7. Majorities have taken actions to prepare for emergencies

Most respondents from the Baltimore and Prince George’s neighborhoods say that they have

taken actions to prepare for an emergency, such as stocking a first aid kit (respectively,

71%/68%), an emergency supply of water (63%/59%), and an emergency supply of food

(62%/59%) (Figure 15; Appendix Table A7). There are no differences even across the three

Baltimore neighborhoods (Appendix Table B7).

Fewer have taken the time to prepare an evacuation plan (43%/38%). Those in the Baltimore

neighborhoods are more likely than those in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill to say that they have had to

evacuate in the past (30% vs. 18%).

Figure 15 | Most households have prepared emergency supplies. (What actions — if any —

have you taken to prepare for or respond to an emergency? Base n = 228, 111)

19 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

8. Neighborhoods perceive lower community resilience

Community resilience depends not just on access to physical resources, but the strength of the

social fabric and its flexibility in responding to stressors. Social capital can be expressed through

multiple dimensions, including the collective ability to accomplish goals, deliver services, and

maintain effective and trusted means of communication (Pfefferbaum et al., 2015). Both the

Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhoods rank their communities as lower in social

capital in terms of both their ability to obtain resources (Figure 16) and communicate internally

(Figure 17; Appendix Table A8) than residents of the state as a whole. There are no differences

in perceptions of social capital between the three Baltimore neighborhoods (Appendix Table

B7).

Figure 16 | Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhoods perceive lower community

resource accessibility. (How strongly do you disagree or agree? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

Figure 17 | Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhoods perceive lower community

communication and trust. (How strongly do you disagree or agree? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

20 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

9. Communities are in favor of protective action on climate

A majority of Marylanders support local and state governments taking action to protect their

communities from the effects of climate change, including Baltimore and Prince George’s

County neighborhoods. Three-quarters of Marylanders say they support this action, and

approximately two-thirds of Baltimore neighborhoods (65%) and Glassmanor-Oxon Hill (67%)

(Figure 18; Appendix Table A9). Slightly higher percentages of people in these neighborhoods

respond “don’t know” to the question compared to the state as whole. There are no significant

differences in support between the three Baltimore neighborhoods (Appendix Table B9).

Figure 18 | All regions of the state support action to protect their communities against the

effects of climate change. (How much do you support or oppose state and local governments

taking action to protect your community against harm caused by climate change (if any)? Base

n = 228, 111, 907)

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10. Residents support local resilience and services hubs

The City of Baltimore’s Office of Sustainability and Prince George’s County’s Transforming

Neighborhoods Initiative (TNI) recommended the four neighborhoods surveyed for this study

because of ongoing projects in these areas. In Baltimore, a pilot project funding “resilience

hubs” within the three neighborhoods will make services available to residents in the event of a

natural disaster or emergency. These hubs will be located in non-city owned buildings, such as

churches and community centers. In Glassmanor-Oxon Hill, Prince George’s County is exploring

locating a county combined services center that would bring its agencies together in one

building. We used the study as an opportunity to explore residents’ responses to these

programs.

Baltimore neighborhoods view local resilience hubs favorably

Almost two-thirds of Baltimore respondents (65%) say that they would be somewhat or

extremely likely to use a community building that provides shelter, food, water, and other

resources during emergency events (Figure 19; Appendix Table A10.a). There are no significant

differences between the three Baltimore neighborhoods in people’s estimated likelihood of use

(Appendix Table B10.a). The most important resources cited by residents include food, water,

shelter, medical assistance, and access to a hotel or other housing (Appendix Table A10.b; see

individual neighborhood responses in Appendix Table B10.b). Availability of heated or cooled

facilities and blankets were also frequently cited.

Figure 19 | Most in Baltimore’s three neighborhoods say they would use the services provided

by a resilience hub. (If a neighborhood community building provided shelter, food, water and

other resources during emergency events, how likely would you be to use such a facility?)

22 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Most in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill are not aware of the TNI; a majority support a service “hub”

Only about a quarter of respondents in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill say that they have heard of the

county’s TNI (Figure 20; Appendix Table A10.c), but of those who have, 89% view it favorably

(Figure 21; Appendix Table A10.d). Moreover, about two-thirds (65%) say that they would be

somewhat or extremely likely to use a centrally located services hub in their community (Figure

21; Appendix Table A10.e).

Figure 20 | Most in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill have not heard of the Transforming Neighborhoods

Initiative. (Before now, were you aware that Glassmanor-Oxon Hill is a part of the county’s

Transforming Neighborhoods Initiative?)

Figure 21 | Those who are aware of the TNI view it favorably. (If you were aware of the

initiative, how favorably do you view its efforts in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill?)

23 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 22 | Respondents say they are likely to use a service hub. (The county is considering

locating a Transforming Neighborhoods “hub” within Glassmanor-Oxon Hill to provide easy

access to multiple types of services ... How likely would you be to use such a resource?)

24 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

11. Residents seek information on energy and climate

Baltimore and Prince George’s County neighborhood residents were more likely to ask for

information on six energy and climate protection topics than people in the state as a whole

(Figure 22; Appendix Table A11). There were no significant differences between the three

Baltimore neighborhoods in their responses (Appendix Table B11). Almost a third of Baltimore

and Prince George’s County respondents requested energy bill assistance (31%). Indeed, the

top four topics were energy-related, while protection from flooding and heat waves trended

lower with only 1 in 10 residents asking for this information.

Figure 23 | Baltimore and Prince George’s County respondents are most interested in energy

topics, like energy bill assistance. (Would you like any additional information about some of the

topics below? Base n = 228, 111, 907)

25 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

12. Recommendations

This study characterizes environmental risk perceptions and evaluations of community

resilience of four underserved neighborhoods in the Maryland for the purpose of developing

preliminary information on increasing the role of residents in climate preparedness and

decision-making. Based on the first part of this report, we offer the following considerations for

the development of engagement programs in these areas:

 The communities perceive social resilience to be low along dimensions of resource access

and communication. Climate preparedness can serve as a broad umbrella for conversations

addressing immediate community issues and increasing long-term physical and social

resilience. Some highly salient community issues, like trash, tie directly to climate

preparedness efforts; others may relate more peripherally. Solutions should thus address

not only some of the most critical problems, but simultaneous interests in building

resilience to climate impacts and general community development. For example, trash clogs

storm drain systems, resulting in flooding during heavy precipitation events, but it also

affects community pride and has health implications.

 Communication can be used to bolster social resilience for the purposes of building trust

and collective action. As such, it should be a program target.

 The neighborhoods described here—especially Baltimore—are already suffering

disproportionately from environmental and health risks, and recognize these risks at the

same rates as other Marylanders. Providing strategies for addressing risk is thus more

important than additional risk information.

 Residents are interested in energy information, especially when it may reduce financial

costs.

 These audiences may have slightly different coping styles in addressing stresses than

average. These include a higher emphasis on trust in God and somewhat higher rates of

disengagement. Either fatalistic or more disengaged coping styles should not be viewed as

synonymous with non-recognition of risk.

 Residents of all four neighborhoods called for more community centers as one of the most

important issues for their community. Projects like the resiliency hub pilot in Baltimore and

social services hub in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill meet that call, and also will hopefully bolster

both the physical resources and social fabric of the neighborhoods.

26 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

 The four neighborhoods are not ambivalent about the role of climate change in their

communities, or the role of government in tackling the problem—they are both concerned

and supportive of action. This message should be conveyed to their elected representatives.

The data presented in this report represent descriptive statistical evidence; further analysis will

examine the relationships between these constructs.

27 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

13. Study methodology

This research was conducted as a companion study to a Maryland statewide mail survey that

was also fielded in spring 2016. For comparison purposes, some results of the statewide mail

survey are also reported here; the methodology and full toplines are available at

climatechangecommunication.org. Those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged are

routinely under-sampled in public opinion surveys due to low response rates. Moreover, mail

surveys, like the yearly statewide questionnaire, assume respondent literacy. In order to better

reach underserved communities in two areas of the state—three neighborhoods in Baltimore

and one in Prince George’s County—we conducted weekend door-to-door census of

households surrounding community centers. Each neighborhood was selected by either

Baltimore or Prince George’s county because of ongoing projects to increase community

resilience in these areas. The respondent determined whether the questionnaire was read to

them (29%), or whether they filled it out themselves (71%). The survey was translated into

Spanish and Spanish-speaking interviewers were made available in Prince George’s County.

Nine Spanish-language surveys were completed.

Team training and site locations

The survey was fielded by a team of staff, students, and community members. Research

assistants attended a one-hour study overview, a half-day training session, and participated in

team protocol discussions and practice prior to the start of each day’s fielding exercise. An

interviewer guide developed for the project served as a resource, and team members took an

online human subjects research ethics course as required by George Mason University’s

Institutional Review Board. The team size averaged 16 people over a span of six weekends.

Those recruiting respondents worked in teams of two. The group was headquartered in Oliver-

Broadway East at a home buying assistance center from April 2-3, in Sandtown-Winchester at

the police station from April 9-10, in Westport at a Boys & Girls Club from April 16-17

(additional dates April 30/May 14), and at a community center in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill from

April 23-24 and April 30-May 1 (Table 1; Figures 24-27). Survey teams fanned out in increasingly

wider circles to recruit households for the study using address lists from Census block maps

Table 1 | Survey door-to-door fielding dates and rates plus mailed returns

Dates (2016)

Oliver-Broadway East

2-Apr

3-Apr

Mailed return

n=

34

38

1

Sandtown-Winchester

9-Apr

10-Apr

Mailed return

n=

35

1

Westport

16-Apr

17-Apr

30-Apr

14-May

Mailed return

n=

57

8

10

6

3

Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

23-Apr

24-Apr

30-Apr

1-May

Mailed return

n=

25

24

35

23

4

28 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

provided by the City of Baltimore and Prince George’s County. All households were contacted at

least once, with team members returning to pick up surveys or meet potential interviewees.

Materials and protocol

The questionnaire consisted of approximately 30 questions, both open-ended and multiple

choice. The survey started with questions about issues in the neighborhood that the

respondent would like to see addressed and followed up with measures of environmental and

health risk perceptions, experienced environmental and health harms, emergency preparation

behaviors, perceived community communicative social capital, likelihood of using a community

“hub,” typical coping responses, perceived climate change risk, and sociodemographics. The

survey was pre-tested with residents of a neighborhood adjacent to the Census blocks covered

within Glassmanor-Oxon Hill. Based on the length of the survey when conducted as an

interview, it was shortened.

When respondents took the survey themselves it ran approximately 15-20 minutes; when the

survey was conducted as an interview it could take 40 minutes or longer. Respondents were

offered a $15 VISA gift card for their participation. The card was mailed to them after the

survey’s completion. If respondents preferred to mail the survey back to the university, they

were provided with a paid return envelope.

Survey fielders knocked on doors and followed an introductory script requesting the household

members participation in the study. No qualifications were established for participation except

that the household member be an adult (age 18 or older). If no one answered the door, survey

fielders left a door hanger with information about the study and a phone number. If

respondents preferred to take the survey by themselves, the interviewers offered to pick it up

from them within the hour. If the household member was not at home when they returned,

they tried up to three times before leaving a business reply mail envelope in the door with a

note instructing for its return.

Informational fliers on a series of six topics were offered to respondents at the conclusion of

the survey—either provided when the survey was picked up, or mailed to the respondent with

the gift card.

Margin of error and response rates

Based on U.S. Census estimates of inhabited households in each community and the number of

completed surveys, the margin of error for the three Baltimore neighborhoods combined is +/-

6.1 percentage points and +/- 9.1 percentage points for Glassmanor-Oxon Hill in Prince

George’s County (Table 2). The response rate for Glassmanor-Oxon Hill—5.5%—was

considerably lower than that of the Baltimore neighborhoods (Oliver-Broadway East, 11.8%;

Sandtown-Winchester, 12.7%; Westport, 17.1%) (Table 3).

The neighborhood data have not been weighted. See the sociodemographic descriptors for the

sample in Appendices Table A12 and B12.

29 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table 2 | Error margins by community and region for inhabited residences

Oliver-

Broadway

East

Sandtown-

Winchester

Westport

All 3

communities,

Baltimore

Glassmanor-Oxon

Hill, Prince George's

County

Census blocks in survey

31

40

35

106

32

Total inhabited

households (U.S.

Census)

686

848

495

2029

2412

Vacant households

(U.S. Census)

505

335

143

983

332

Percent vacancy

42.40%

28.32%

22.41%

32.64%

12.10%

Completed surveys

73

71

84

228

111

Error margin

10.85

11.14

9.75

6.12

9.09

*17 respondents were contacted in the areas covered by the Census blocks, but residence could not be determined

in one of the blocks.

Table 3 | Response rates by community (AAPOR calculations)

Oliver-

Broadway East

Sandtown-

Winchester

Westport

Glassmanor-

Oxon Hill

Total

sample

Total sample used

1255

1217

771

2241

5484

I=Complete Interviews

73

71

84

111

339

P=Partial Interviews

0

R=Refusal

66

82

63

209

420

NC=Non Contact

392

368

341

1040

2141

O=Other

0

e *

0.49

0.46

0.64

0.90

0.65

UH=Unknown Household

181

84

4

731

1000

UO=Unknown other

0

* e is the estimated proportion of cases of unknown eligibility that are eligible.

Response Rate

I/((I+P) + (R+NC+O) +

e(UH+UO) )

11.76%

12.69%

17.12%

5.50%

9.56%

Cooperation Rate

I/((I+P)+R+O)

52.52%

46.41%

57.14%

34.69%

44.66%

Refusal Rate

R/((I+P)+(R+NC+O) + e(UH +

UO))

10.64%

14.65%

12.84%

10.35%

11.84%

Contact Rate

((I+P)+R+O) /

((I+P)+R+O+NC +

e(UH+UO))

22.40%

27.34%

29.97%

15.85%

21.40%

30 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 24 | Areal focus for the Oliver-Broadway East survey. The blue dot indicates the location

of the operational hub.

31 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 25 | Areal focus for the Sandtown-Winchester survey. The blue dot indicates the location

of the operational hub.

32 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 26 | Areal focus for the Westport survey. The blue dot indicates the location of the

operational hub.

33 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Figure 27 | Areal focus for the Glassmanor-Oxon Hill survey. The blue dot indicates the location

of the operational hub.

34 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Appendix A

Toplines |

Baltimore City combined

neighborhoods (Oliver-Broadway

East, Sandtown-Winchester,

Westport) &

Glassmanor-Oxon Hill, Prince

George’s County

Statistically significant differences between Baltimore and Prince George’s County

neighborhoods are designated by an asterisk (*).

35 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A1 | Perceptions of environmental health risks

How much of a risk do you feel each of the following poses to your health and well-being?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

Second-hand smoke from

tobacco

No risk at all

19.0%

23.6%

Minor risk

15.0%

10.0%

Moderate risk

17.3%

19.1%

Major risk

46.0%

43.6%

Don't know

2.7%

3.6%

n=

226

110

Exposure to chemicals,

including pesticides, in

food and other products

No risk at all

17.7%

16.8%

Minor risk

10.2%

14.0%

Moderate risk

14.6%

25.2%

Major risk

51.3%

41.1%

Don't know

6.2%

2.8%

n=

226

107

Air pollution

No risk at all

10.1%

9.1%

Minor risk

13.2%

10.0%

Moderate risk

20.7%

31.8%

Major risk

54.2%

47.3%

Don't know

1.8%

n=

227

110

Extreme heat

No risk at all

17.0%

20.0%

Minor risk

25.0%

21.8%

Moderate risk

28.1%

25.5%

Major risk

28.6%

29.1%

Don't know

1.3%

3.6%

n=

224

110

Severe storms

No risk at all

15.6%

21.8%

Minor risk

28.1%

20.0%

Moderate risk

24.6%

30.9%

Major risk

30.8%

23.6%

Don't know

.9%

3.6%

n=

224

110

Obesity

No risk at all

21.3%

17.3%

Minor risk

19.6%

14.5%

Moderate risk

14.7%

16.4%

Major risk

42.2%

50.9%

Don't know

2.2%

.9%

n=

225

110

Polluted drinking water

No risk at all

13.3%

13.6%

Minor risk

13.8%

12.7%

Moderate risk

12.9%

10.0%

Major risk

56.0%

61.8%

Don't know

4.0%

1.8%

n=

225

110

36 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued | How much of a risk do you feel each of the following poses to your health and well-being?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

Foodborne illnesses

No risk at all

19.2%

15.6%

Minor risk

16.1%

15.6%

Moderate risk

21.0%

22.0%

Major risk

37.1%

42.2%

Don't know

6.7%

4.6%

n=

224

109

Climate change

No risk at all

17.5%

19.4%

Minor risk

19.7%

15.7%

Moderate risk

30.9%

34.3%

Major risk

25.6%

24.1%

Don't know

6.3%

6.5%

n=

223

108

Insect-borne diseases

No risk at all

16.0%

16.4%

Minor risk

16.9%

18.2%

Moderate risk

17.8%

19.1%

Major risk

42.7%

41.8%

Don't know

6.7%

4.5%

n=

225

110

Flooding

No risk at all

23.4%

20.9%

Minor risk

26.6%

22.7%

Moderate risk

19.8%

29.1%

Major risk

27.0%

25.5%

Don't know

3.2%

1.8%

n=

222

110

Sea level rise

No risk at all

32.0%

28.7%

Minor risk

18.2%

20.4%

Moderate risk

18.2%

20.4%

Major risk

20.4%

22.2%

Don't know

11.1%

8.3%

n=

225

108

Pollution of local streams,

rivers, and other water

bodies

No risk at all

17.4%

13.6%

Minor risk

8.9%

10.0%

Moderate risk

17.9%

26.4%

Major risk

50.9%

44.5%

Don't know

4.9%

5.5%

n=

224

110

37 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A2 | Climate change as a threat within next several years

How likely do you think it is that climate change will cause significant harm to your community within the next

several years?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

Extremely unlikely

8.6%

9.2%

Somewhat unlikely

12.2%

8.3%

Neither unlikely nor likely

14.0%

13.8%

Somewhat likely

29.9%

26.6%

Extremely likely

27.1%

33.9%

I don't think climate change

is happening

8.1%

8.3%

n =

221

109

38 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A3.a | Community issues: Oliver-Broadway East

What are the issues in your neighborhood that you would like to see addressed? Please rank them [5 spaces in order of importance]…

(n=73)

Most important issue

2nd most important

3rd most important

4th most important

5th most important

Drugs, trash, vacant and

abandoned houses, jobs

Trash, vacant homes,

cleaning up alleys/lots

Rats, trash, drugs,

lack of markets,

Trash, rates, housing,

places for children

Fix streets,

sidewalks, and

lights

Abandoned houses

A place for children to play

4 way stop sign at

Lanvale & Broadway

A lot of rats in the area

because of the trash

Alarm systems for

free should be

installed

Better housing

Abandoned houses

Bad streets need to

be fixed

Better housing area

Abandoned vacant property

Cleanliness

Alleys need street

sweepers at least once a

week

Crime

Alley stay dirty

Crime

Always try to help people

Jobs

Crime Rate

Backyard and alley (where

trash people don't pick up

all the trash)

Drug dealing

Better stores are placed

in area

Keep area goodness

Drug

Building to the right is

falling apart

Drugs

Cleanliness

Parking

Drug dealers

City does not fix street

holes/water

Drugs bad in this area

Cracked sidewalks

Rat control

Drug dealers and hookers on

corners

City stop looking down on

all people who not up to

their level

Drugs on the rise

Drugs (prescription and

nonprescription), except

marijuana

Repair sidewalk

Drug dealing

Clean neighborhood

Educate gemlins on

how to live in the city

Housing (more houses

being worked on)

Replace the lights in

the hood

Drug dealing and usage

Cleaning of the city

Gardens (lack of)

Lawn care of the

abandoned housing

The lack of

educated and

informed people

Drug problem

Crime

Get along with

neighbors

More for kids

Trash

Drug problems

Drug dealing

Harassment

More places for children

to play

Trash pick-up

Drug trafficking

Drugs

Harassment from

police

More social programs for

youth

Vacant homes

Drugs

Drugs on every corner

Healthcare

Murders

Work for the kids

during the summer

Empty lot (throw trash &

furniture)

Empty houses

Housing

No rec. centers for youth

Would like to see

trees planted but

unsure if this would

affect water pipes

Enforce litter laws

Empty lots

Jobs

Noise

Everything drugs

Enforce traffic violators

Junkies

Parking for

homeowners/renters,

specialty spaces

Gun violence

Fairer paying jobs

Keep friends for clean

Rats

Guns

Gang violence

Keeping alley clean

Repair street

Help with everything

Garbage dumped in alleys

Landscaping

Resource center/

revamped playground

Homelessness and housing cst

Helping people

Local supermarkets

Schools are not teaching

skills and responsibilities

Housing

More homes for

homeless people

The corruption of the city

officials

Housing (abandoned)

Housing areas that are

vacant

Need a market

The fact that this is a

"prime" area but the rats

take up most of the

population

Jobs

Keep in clean

Need cameras

Too many empty houses

Loitering

Keeping empty lot clean

Need the vacant

homes sealed up the

proper way

Trash removal

39 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued, Oliver-Broadway East

Most important issue

2nd most important

3rd most important

4th most important

5th most important

More police presence

Lack of food resources

(markets, pantries, food

stores)

Needles all over the

neighborhood

Trash/ Alleys front back

No jobs

More policeman

No work for parents

No place for the kids to play

Murder rates high

People to clean their

backyards out

Pest control

Need supermarket in this

area

Places where children

can play and learn

Rats

No grocery stores

Playgrounds

Recreation centers

No place for the teens to

play like a rec center

Rat problem

Safety (street lights)

Parking

Rats

Slum lords

People sitting on the steps

of vacant houses

Rats (caused by the

excessive trash)

Speed bumps

Police protection and

inspection denied

Rehab

Stop selling drugs

Rats

Services for

employment of

neighborhood

Street flooding

Recreation center

Street flooding

The empty houses

Shooting - guns

Supermarket needed

The prolific sale of drugs (crack

and heroin)

Stop drug traffic

The owners of these

estates are losing

capital by letting

these properties go

to waste (see article

1)

The selling of drugs on the

block

The number of older shut-

ins

the rich stay rich

There are no jobs for the

youth.

The alleys to stay clean

Too many killings on

the streets.

To better the area

To many vacant properties.

Trash

Too much drugs on the street

Traffic

Trash cans outside

everybody's house

Trash

Violence

Trash clean up in the

neighborhood

Trash Cans

Trash cleanup

Trash in alleys

Trash in alleys/streets

Trash needs to come more

than once a week

Vacant homes

Trash pick-up

Vacant homes abandoned, run

down homes

Trying community clean

Vacant house

Vacant homes

Vacant houses

Violence

40 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A3.b | Community issues: Sandtown-Winchester

What are the issues in your neighborhood that you would like to see addressed? Please rank them [5 spaces in order of importance] (n=71)

Most important issue

2nd most important

3rd most important

4th most important

5th most important

Trash, abandoned housing,

drugs, jobs training, children's

programs

Trash, vacant homes,

drugs, violence,

employment

opportunities

Trash, better schools,

housing, drugs, rats

Food, drugs, healthy

food, lights

Activities, centers

Abandoned Houses

Better housing

Abandoned

houses/vacant houses

burglarize

Air

Activities for people

with disabilities

Abandoned property

City Hall's lack of concern

Access to healthy food

Bike noise

Alcoholism

Activities for kids

Clean

Affordable Housing

Boarded up houses --

> eye sore

City police should live

in the city

Affordable Housing

Clean up the back alleys

and streets

Better schools

Breaking into homes

Closer shopping areas

Better healthy grocery stores

Community Involvment

Better trash pick up

Build on vacant lots

or other

Conditions of the

streets

Boarded up houses

Crime

Closed recreation

centers, no activities for

youth

Cleaner streets

Crime

Build new sidewalks

Drug Addiction

Crime

Drug dealing

Cleaner roads

Drug dealing

Dirtbikes

Crime i.e. drug

dealers

Entrepreneurship

Community center

Drug traffic

Drugs

Drug trafficking

Grocery stores (like

price right)

Crime

Drugs

Fix and keep up the old

neighborhood parks

Drugs

Housing

Cut the grass

Education

Gang wars/shootings

Food Supplies

Increased taxes for

homeowners

Dirty yards

Employment

Health care

Getting rid of

rodents

Jobs

Drug activity - selling on the

corners and parking in front of

your house to purchase

Empty houses

Homelessness

Healthcare

Less jail incarcerations

Drug dealing

Guns

Housing

Healthy Food

More clean and safe

fruits and veggies

Drug selling

Income inequality

Housing being restored

Healthy food in stock

at the corner stores

More food sources for

those in need.

Drugs

Job opportunities

Hungry Families

Inadequate street

lights

More job

opportunities

Education

Kids safety

Jobs

Job Training in

vocational skill sets

More offices present

Employment with training

Kids sitting on steps

Killings

Law enforcement

blind eye on drugs

New trash cans

Excessive trash

Lack of businesses

Less drugs

Litter

No community centers

for youth, no activities

Fix all abandoned houses and

reopening of recreation

centers

Lack of employment for

you and middle aged

men

Markets and eating

places

More healthy

relationships and

marriage reassess [?]

No grocery stores

Get rid of abandoned buildings

Landscape Maintenance

Mold in home

More information

about jobs for young

adults

People in community

don't care because

mostly renters. Don't

keep up homes.

Home ownership

Laundrymat

Mopeds/loud

noises/running lights

More lights in area

Plight of war on drugs

being sold

Homelessness

Less liquor stores

More after school

programs for children

More police staff for

kids safety

Police setting in

neighborhoods not

working

41 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued, Sandtown-Winchester

Most important issue

2nd most important

3rd most important

4th most important

5th most important

Houses falling down

Litter around the streets

Neighborhood crime

More recreation for

children

Racism

Housing

Loitering

Noise

Neighborhood

function/fun

Rats and mice

I would like for the people to

get from under my window

selling

Market

Not enough kids

No nearby stores to

purchase fresh fruits

and meats

Red light and stop sign

runners

Job skills and readiness

training program

Medical assistance

People selling drugs that

don't live on this block

Not enough parties

Reduce criminal

activities

Lack of police presence unless

there is a crime

More churches

Programs for the elderly

Old Houses

Vacant Homes

Lack of resources

More days for trash pick

up

Rats

People harassment

Youth Center

Resources

Littering

More love

Rats getting in my truck

engine

Poverty

More kids programs

More police presence

Rodents

Profanity

More lighting on the

neighborhood street

Murders/Killings

Sanitation

Projects are not for

the betterment of

any neighborhood

More livable home, all houses

are boarding

Neighbors with trash in

yard

School

Rats

More religion! Need the Lord

Parenting

Schools

Recreation center

food kid.

More safety neighborhood

People hanging out on

corners

Schools are below the

average in curriculum

Street lights too dim

New homes

Programs and jobs for

kids

Schools with qualified

teachers

Traffic

One day trash

Rat problem

Some more clean up days

Trash

Pennsylvania Ave. afraid to

shop there

Rats/roaches

Stop signs on the

intersections

Vacant houses

Police misteatment

Safety against violence

Supported Community

Programs for kids

Shootings

Trash

Rats

Speed bumps for speed

control

Trash in streets

Safe

Street and alleys being

cleaned

Trash in

streets/sidewalks

Safety for the kids

Streets should be in

much better condition

Trash on corners

Single moms

The city not cleaning up

the alleys

Uncalled for shootings

Social services

The trash

Vacant houses

Speeding

The vacant properties

being kept up

landscaping

Violence

The abandoned housing issue

Thieves

Trash

Trash - Illegal Dumping

Trash always to pick up in

the back and front house.

Trash being dumped any and

everywhere

Trash being dumped on

empty lots

Trash in every alley. Boarded

up houses

Trash cans for each

resident housing

Trash on streets and alleys

Trash cans on sidewalks

Trash pick up

Trash pick up more than

one day a week

Unemployment

Vacant houses

Vacant Houses

Vacant housing

Violence - guns,

shootings, robberies

Violence

Would like a traffic light

Winchester and Monroe

42 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A3.c | Community issues: Westport

What are the issues in your neighborhood that you would like to see addressed? Please rank them [5 spaces in order of importance] (n=84)

Most important issue

2nd most important

3rd most important

4th most important

5th most

important

Vacant housing, trash,

cleanliness, transportation,

playgrounds, drugs,

guns/violence, trucks, rats

Trash, cleanliness, drugs,

playgrounds/recreation centers

Drugs, cleanliness,

healthy food,

activities for kids

Trash

Activities/recreati

on

Abandoned housing

7 day community center that

offers classes, family support etc

*Run mostly by volunteers

Better healthcare

All are important to me;

feeling safe

Activities

Affordable housing

Air pollution due to heavy (rush

hour) traffic on I-295

Better school

activities for children

Better lights safety on

the foot bridge

After hours at the

Rec. Center

Better housing

All street lights

Better schools

Better neighbor relations

Community

Center

Better playgrounds

Better Roads

Cement plant in

neighborhood

Better recreation

facilities for kids

Fix streets

Better schooling

Better variety of convenience

store food

Chemical plants

Clean Neighborhood

food desert

Better transportation

Bugs

Closer market

Community Issues

healthcare, health

service

Bus and big truck traffic

Clean up trash

Communication in

community

crime/killings

Helping families

reach their goals

Clean the parks for the kids

to play

Cleaned up

Community meeting

Equal opportunity for

felons to get jobs

keeping bugs out

of house, and rats

Clean up the playground so

children can play

Cleaning the area

Crime

Food drives for children

Lack of green

grocery stores

cleanness

Cleanliness

Crime, Violence

Food pantry

local food

resources for

community

Crime

development protection for

home owners

Daycare center

get along with each other

Loud music during

weekdays as well

as weekend

Crime/safety

Drinking

drugs

Get rid of drugs

Motorist running

red lights

Daycare Center

Drug use

Drugs

Grass that is owned by

the city

Rats

Dogs barking all night

Drugs

environmental clean

up

Healthcare

The horrible turn

up streets

Drugs

Garbage all over the

neighborhood

Environmental clean

up

lack of businesses

Traffic light

Dust from Scherwin

Williams

Get rid of boarded up houses

flooding

Local grocery store

Unspervised

children

Dust/chemical air pollution

due to have truck traffic

from sand factory and

incinerator

Getting rid of the drugs

food desert

Noise pollution of dirt

bikes and speeding

vehicles

Youth programing

Empty homes

Have the recs open on weekend

Fumes from

incinerator

Not enough parent

involvement

youth

programming

Gun clean up

Homeless people (food and

shelter)

Gun shots

Not enough police

Gun violence

Homelessness

Health

Parties at the end of my

street with very crazy

people

Guns

Housing

Healthcare

Rats and vermin due to

many abandoned houses

Houses need to be fixed

Jobs

Housing

Red light @ winchester

ave.

Housing

Kids in the street

Housing Issues

Resources

I would like to see more

trash cans in the

neighborhood to prevent

pollution in local streams

Lack of police presence walking

the streets

Infestation of illegal

drugs

Shelter for the homeless

43 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued, Westport

Most important issue

2nd most important

3rd most important

4th most important

5th most

important

Jobs

Less cops

Keep the community

more clean

social services

kids playing ball/breaking

windows

Lights

keeping cemetery

clean

Social services

Killing

Medical clinics

More activities to

keep kids busy

Traffic lights

More bus transportation

Need jobs

More banks

trash

More playgrounds

need room to play

More jobs

Trash everywhere

No community center for

children

Neighbors are unwilling to clean

things up

Need More Rec.

center

Trash removal

Noise from trains and trucks

No place to go for community

resources

No access and

healthy food/fresh

fruits/veggie

Vacant buildings

Not many issues

No rec centers for kids

No recreations or

things to do for the

kids

Valid sustainable youth

programs all year

People selling drugs

Noise disturbances

Old houses that need

to be knocked down

Playground

Parks or playgrounds for the

kids

Robberies

Property tax prices

People throwing trash in the

street

Rodents

Rats

Playground at rec center

School

Rats in alley

Police (more)

Schooling

Rodents

police harassment

Sell and use of drugs

Safety for the kids

Pot Holes

Senior Center

School

Rape

Shooting

Smoking

Rats

Shootings and killings

Speed bumps

REC

Supermarket

Street Lights- Better jobs

recreation

To have better help

in the schools

Supermarket

Recreation

Trash

Supermarkets

Safe place for kids to play

Trash removal

Tash

Sanitation

Vacant homes

The maintenance of housing

School

Violence; Kids

The walk bridge

Something positive for these

kids to do around here

There are no dollar stores

around here

Stopping fireworks - putting

them in door windows

To keep the neighborhood

clean

Supermarket

Transportation - closer

Tenant to be active in meetings

Trash

The trash all over my block

Trash and garbage trucks

To work together as a team

Trash on the ground

Trash

Trash on the streets

Trash clean up

Vacant houses

Trash dumping

Vacant housing

Trash everywhere

Vacant, homes

treated grass

Violence

unemployment

Young adults (14-30ish)

selling drugs in stores , on

corners, etc.

Upkeep

Violence

44 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A3.d | Community issues: Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

What are the issues in your neighborhood that you would like to see addressed? Please rank them [5 spaces in order of importance] (n=111)

Most important issue

2nd most important

3rd most important

4th most important

5th most important

More police/harassment,

crime. gun violence, trash,

security, cleanliness,

recreation/playgrounds

Police, children,

community centers

Community programs,

security, employment

opportunities

Trash, police, safety,

community

Community

centers/resources/

communication

Activities for children

Area for children to play

Affordable child care

Addiction

Better community

centers

Affordable housing

Attitudes - too many

oppressed in congested

area

Air pollution

Affordable day care

Better stores

AIDS/HIV

Benches for those that

catch the bus left side

Better customer

service

Better roads and

schools for Oxon Hill

area

Bowling alley or game, or

skating area smoke free

Air pollution

Better help from police

when called

Better schools

Better stores for

shopping

Building of new homes in

glass-manor

Assigned parking

Better jobs for people of

Oxon Hill, MD

Career programs

Community events

Dog parks/ clean up

centers for animals

Better playground, and

better communication

Better quality food source

Center for the elderly

to enjoy with relevant

communication

Creating bike share

Evacuation locations for

the handicapped

Better playgrounds

Big dogs (shouldn't be in

area)

Children activities

Dealer haven't been a

problem so far

Excessive rain

Better road maintenance

Career centers

Clean Water

Defeating police

brutality

Exposure to chemicals in

food and other products

Child Safety/Recreation

Clean

Cleaning up people

Drugs off the streets

Flooding

Cleaning up from old car

Cleaning up early

Cleaning up the

shopping center

Extreme heat

Food quality

Cleaning up the bagging low

hanging pants wearing

Community centers

Community

beautification

Farmers Markets

Having something for

teens to do

Cleanliness - too much litter

Crime

Community center

Flooding

Help the homeless

Crime

Diabetes

Community outreach

programs

Have community

meetings

Hisp

Crime (gun shots)

Dog waste around the

units

Crime

Help for needy parents

Hunger

Crime rate

Drugs

Empty houses with

unkempt yards

Improve the

neighborhood

Improving MD bus

service

Crime/safety

Economic prosperity

Eradicating poverty

and homelessness

Insect born diseases

Jobs

Diverse business owners not

community members

Escorts for elementary

school children

Gangs

Littering in

neighborhood

Just cutting grass,

collecting trash at the

back of the businesses

Drug addicts around

Food banks

Hard to get past when

it snows

More after school

programs

More lighting at night

(street)

Drugs

Giving children more

outlets (activities)

Heart Attacks/Strokes

More police activity in

the area

More resources such as

money for this

community

Flooding

Good schools

I think the ground

should be keep better

More Rec

N/A

Food for the poor

I think there are too many

police in my neighborhood

who are looking more for

trouble than to protect

and serve

If I take one out I'll do

time

N/A

Not enough money/ jobs

Get rid of drug nest (supply

and demand)

Insects

Job fairs

Need cleaner streets

Parking

Gun control

Job resources

Job for the youth

People to clean up the

trash

Pedestrian Traffic

Guns

Lack of programs for youth

Jobs/ Employment

(more)

People walk their dogs

off their leashes

Pepco

High crime/unsafe

Litter

Loud music

Quality parks and

playgrounds

Pool

45 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued, Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

Most important issue

2nd most important

3rd most important

4th most important

5th most important

Having more police around

to be seen

Lights

Like to see more

diversity, the way it

was in the 70's lol

Police/ Community

(Better relationships)

Police presences

Homelessness

Loitering

Loud noise

Quality, healthy,

affordable food

Rape

I would healthier choice

with meals (food-grocery

stores)

Loud neighbors with lots

of traffic & drama

Maintenance needs to

fix things that's broken

in the apartment

Road conditions

Resource guide

Lack of Police Presence

Maintenance timing issues

on fixing things

More community

leader visiting

Safe area for the

youth to gather

Sidewalks

Lack of young folks who give

respect (young folks don't

give respect)

More accessible

transportation

More playgrounds for

kids

Safety

Tell Rushern L. Baker III

come to the community

Less car traffic

More activities for children

and seniors

More police presence

Safety for children

To have newsletters

about community

Less violence

More activities for teens.

Long term programs.

More programs for

unfortunate citizens

Service

Trash

Lessons in defusing

potential dangerous

situations

More Jobs

Not enough healthy

food outlet

Speeding control

Vandalism of cars and

other property

Liquor stores

More outreach

organization

Police security

Stop drug use in

hallways

Loitering

More police presence at

night

Pollution of water

bodies

Street Traffic

More jobs

Most of the streets around

are crumbling away

Public storage-Family

Dollar- Meads Liquors

The tree branches out

front of my home that

are stuck up in it.

More protective services in

our area

Parking

Rebuilding/Improving

infrastructure

Trash

More security

Participation cleanup

Redevelopment of

Glassmanor

Community Center

Trash that you can see

litter everywhere

More senior citizens

programs

People living above me

throwing cigarette butts

Reduction of abandon

houses

We pay for sewage

Murder

Playground equipment

Roads

Neighborhood robberies &

gun violence

Police involvement

Safe conditions for

children

Noise

Policemen are aggressive

Security

Obesity

Police presence

Security lights

Parking

Policing

Shelter

Parking space

Polluted drinking water

Speeding on Kenmont

Road

People getting shot

Pollution

The people no respect

the inequality

People hanging out

Poverty

The river by the

dentist office flooding

Pest control (better)

Power line hanging too

low

To have computer

classes for the elderly

Police

Power lines going out

Trash

Police brutality/harassment

Quality community centers

Upkeep of rivers,

lakes, streams, and

ponds

Pollution

Quality shopping stores

Vacant homes

Power outages

Racism

Youth programs

Property standards

enforcement

Reduction of liquor stores

Quality schools

Safe places for children to

play

Redevelopment of lower

half of Oxon Hill area

Safety

46 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued, Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

Most important issue

Reduction to gun fire and

killings

Slower traffic

Schools

Snow removal

Security

Snow storm plowing

Security (gated

communities with guards)

Speeding

Smoking marijuana

Standing about doing

nothing

Snowplows didn't come to

clear snow during winter

State of the arts

educational recreation

center for children

Speed Camera

The community center

The median need to be

groom and cut

The street need repair

The tree branch falling

The users smoking

chemicals and hassling

people

The trees on the powerlines

that may fall down

Theft

To have police

To have more activities for

kids to do

Traffic

Trash pickup more often

(2x a week)

Traffic

Trees (too many - caused

power outages)

Trash

Unkempt Yards

Trash on grounds up and

down street/dog poop

Violence

Trash Outside

We are in a

commercial/residence

business area

Trash pickup

Trashy People

Trees in back of houses

need to be cut

Vacant Homes

Vacant houses

Violence

Water bill with no water

tank around

47 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A4.a | Recently experienced harms to health and wellbeing: Socioenvironmental

In the last 12 months, have you experienced one or more of the following? (Check ONE or MORE)

City of Baltimore

Prince George's

County

Water damage of your home caused

by heavy rains or flooding*

Not marked

62.3%

81.1%

Yes

37.7%

18.9%

Impassable roads due to flooding or

storm damage

Not marked

76.8%

75.7%

Yes

23.2%

24.3%

Sewage overflows after strong rains

or storms

Not marked

78.1%

81.1%

Yes

21.9%

18.9%

Septic system failure due to higher

groundwater or flooding

Not marked

90.4%

95.5%

Yes

9.6%

4.5%

A storm-related power outage

Not marked

63.6%

64.0%

Yes

36.4%

36.0%

No household water

Not marked

90.8%

91.9%

Yes

9.2%

8.1%

No household heat (when needed)

Not marked

88.6%

88.3%

Yes

11.4%

11.7%

No household air conditioning (when

needed)

Not marked

84.2%

82.9%

Yes

15.8%

17.1%

Lack of access to transportation

Not marked

78.1%

82.9%

Yes

21.9%

17.1%

Lack of access to medical care

Not marked

81.1%

86.5%

Yes

18.9%

13.5%

Lack of access to high

quality/nutritious food*

Not marked

74.6%

85.6%

Yes

25.4%

14.4%

Insufficient financial resources to

cover bills if unable to work for 1-2

weeks

Not marked

63.2%

66.7%

Yes

36.8%

33.3%

None of the above

Not marked

79.8%

80.2%

Yes

20.2%

19.8%

Other

Not marked

95.6%

97.3%

Yes

4.4%

2.7%

n =

228

111

*Distributions between regions are significantly different.

48 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A4.b | Recently experienced harms to health and wellbeing: Health-specific

In the last 12 months, how much has your health been harmed by the following?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

Pollen*

Not at all harmed

39.0%

28.4%

Slightly harmed

25.1%

18.3%

Moderately harmed

26.0%

29.4%

Severely harmed

9.9%

23.9%

n =

223

109

Extreme heat

Not at all harmed

55.8%

61.8%

Slightly harmed

19.1%

17.3%

Moderately harmed

19.5%

13.6%

Severely harmed

5.6%

7.3%

n =

215

110

Severe storm(s)

Not at all harmed

58.3%

57.8%

Slightly harmed

25.1%

23.9%

Moderately harmed

14.2%

11.9%

Severely harmed

2.4%

6.4%

n =

211

109

Tick-borne disease, such as

Lyme disease

Not at all harmed

85.0%

87.0%

Slightly harmed

4.7%

5.6%

Moderately harmed

6.5%

5.6%

Severely harmed

3.7%

1.9%

n =

214

108

Mosquito-borne disease,

such as West Nile virus

Not at all harmed

80.9%

85.2%

Slightly harmed

8.8%

6.5%

Moderately harmed

6.0%

4.6%

Severely harmed

4.2%

3.7%

n =

215

108

Flooding

Not at all harmed

66.2%

69.7%

Slightly harmed

16.4%

20.2%

Moderately harmed

13.7%

9.2%

Severely harmed

3.7%

.9%

n =

219

109

Poor outdoor air quality

from air pollution*

Not at all harmed

38.1%

55.5%

Slightly harmed

27.1%

22.7%

Moderately harmed

23.4%

13.6%

Severely harmed

11.5%

8.2%

n =

218

110

Waterborne disease

Not at all harmed

80.4%

82.7%

Slightly harmed

7.3%

9.1%

Moderately harmed

10.0%

6.4%

Severely harmed

2.3%

1.8%

n =

219

110

Foodborne illness

Not at all harmed

78.3%

75.0%

Slightly harmed

11.1%

16.7%

Moderately harmed

8.8%

6.5%

Severely harmed

1.8%

1.9%

n =

217

108

49 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued | In the last 12 months, how much has your health been harmed by the following?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

Poor indoor air quality from

mold

Not at all harmed

68.6%

77.8%

Slightly harmed

12.3%

13.0%

Moderately harmed

12.7%

5.6%

Severely harmed

6.4%

3.7%

n =

220

108

Other

Not at all harmed

61.0%

75.0%

Slightly harmed

12.2%

Moderately harmed

9.8%

12.5%

Severely harmed

17.1%

12.5%

n =

41

16

*Distributions between regions are significantly different.

Table A5.a | Health and wellbeing: Stress

In the last 12 months, have you personally experienced one or more prolonged periods of stress of one month

or longer in relation to circumstances in everyday life, such as work, health or a family situation?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

I have not experienced a prolonged period of stress

38.2%

41.5%

One period of prolonged stress

21.7%

22.6%

More than one period of prolonged stress

22.1%

23.6%

Constant stress

18.0%

12.3%

n =

217

106

50 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A5.b | Health and wellbeing: Chronic medical conditions

Have you ever been told by a doctor or health care provider that you have one or more of these conditions?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

Asthma

Not marked

76.8%

82.9%

Yes

23.2%

17.1%

COPD

Not marked

93.0%

97.3%

Yes

7.0%

2.7%

Hypertension*

Not marked

65.8%

82.9%

Yes

34.2%

17.1%

Coronary heart disease*

Not marked

94.3%

99.1%

Yes

5.7%

.9%

Stroke*

Not marked

91.2%

98.2%

Yes

8.8%

1.8%

Diabetes

Not marked

82.9%

88.3%

Yes

17.1%

11.7%

Cancer

Not marked

96.5%

97.3%

Yes

3.5%

2.7%

Weak or failing kidneys

Not marked

96.1%

97.3%

Yes

3.9%

2.7%

Arthritis*

Not marked

74.1%

85.6%

Yes

25.9%

14.4%

Hepatitis*

Not marked

93.9%

100.0%

Yes

6.1%

None of the above*

Not marked

68.4%

45.0%

Yes

31.6%

55.0%

n =

228

111

51 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A6 |Coping responses to stress

Typically, when you experience stress, what do you do?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

I concentrate my efforts on

doing something about it.

Not at all

6.0%

5.6%

A little bit

18.1%

17.6%

A medium amount

25.1%

23.1%

A lot

50.7%

53.7%

n =

215

108

I turn to work or other

activities to take my mind off

of it.

Not at all

13.8%

16.0%

A little bit

20.7%

18.9%

A medium amount

28.6%

24.5%

A lot

36.9%

40.6%

n =

217

106

I try to come up with a

strategy for what to do.

Not at all

6.0%

7.4%

A little bit

16.6%

14.8%

A medium amount

27.2%

27.8%

A lot

50.2%

50.0%

n =

217

108

I just give up.

Not at all

79.4%

75.2%

A little bit

9.3%

10.5%

A medium amount

6.5%

4.8%

A lot

4.7%

9.5%

n =

214

105

I talk to someone to find out

more about the situation.

Not at all

9.3%

10.4%

A little bit

13.9%

21.7%

A medium amount

37.5%

32.1%

A lot

39.4%

35.8%

n =

216

106

I sleep more than usual.

Not at all

52.8%

54.3%

A little bit

19.3%

22.9%

A medium amount

11.5%

12.4%

A lot

16.5%

10.5%

n =

218

105

I look for something good in

what is happening.

Not at all

9.3%

5.7%

A little bit

21.9%

17.0%

A medium amount

28.4%

32.1%

A lot

40.5%

45.3%

n =

215

106

I learn to live with it.*

Not at all

18.2%

26.4%

A little bit

34.6%

23.6%

A medium amount

24.3%

17.9%

A lot

22.9%

32.1%

n =

214

106

I put my trust in God.

Not at all

5.1%

6.4%

A little bit

4.1%

4.6%

A medium amount

9.7%

8.3%

A lot

81.1%

80.7%

n =

217

109

52 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A7 |Actions to prepare for emergencies

What actions — if any — have you taken to prepare for or respond to an emergency?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's

County

Stocked your home with a

first-aid kit

Yes

71.2%

69.1%

No

26.6%

26.4%

Don't know

2.3%

4.5%

n =

222

110

Stocked your home with an

emergency supply of water

Yes

63.2%

59.1%

No

34.5%

40.0%

Don't know

2.2%

.9%

n =

223

110

Stocked your home with an

emergency supply of food

Yes

63.2%

59.1%

No

34.5%

38.2%

Don't know

2.3%

2.7%

n =

220

110

Developed an evacuation

plan to move to a shelter or

other safe location

Yes

43.8%

38.5%

No

49.3%

56.9%

Don't know

6.8%

4.6%

n =

219

109

Evacuated from your home

to a shelter or other safe

location

Yes

30.0%

18.2%

No

63.6%

75.5%

Don't know

6.4%

n =

220

110

53 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A8 |Perceptions of community resilience

How strongly do you disagree or agree?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

My community has the resources it

needs to take care of community

problems (resources include money,

information, technology, tools, raw

materials, and services*

Strongly disagree

50.9%

32.4%

Somewhat disagree

13.7%

18.5%

Neither disagree nor

agree

15.0%

17.6%

Somewhat agree

13.3%

22.2%

Strongly agree

7.1%

9.3%

n =

226

108

People in my community are able to

get the services they need.*

Strongly disagree

38.4%

25.5%

Somewhat disagree

17.9%

19.1%

Neither disagree nor

agree

14.3%

27.3%

Somewhat agree

22.3%

19.1%

Strongly agree

7.1%

9.1%

n =

224

110

My community works with

organizations and agencies outside

the community to get things done.

Strongly disagree

33.2%

30.3%

Somewhat disagree

17.0%

10.1%

Neither disagree nor

agree

22.9%

34.9%

Somewhat agree

18.4%

15.6%

Strongly agree

8.5%

9.2%

n =

223

109

My community keeps people

informed (for example, via television,

radio, newspaper, Internet, phone,

neighbors) about issues that are

relevant to them.

Strongly disagree

31.9%

20.9%

Somewhat disagree

18.6%

19.1%

Neither agree nor

disagree

13.3%

10.9%

Somewhat agree

21.2%

29.1%

Strongly agree

15.0%

20.0%

n =

226

110

I get information/communication

through my community to help with

my home and work life.

Strongly disagree

44.2%

29.4%

Somewhat disagree

14.6%

21.1%

Neither agree nor

disagree

17.3%

17.4%

Somewhat agree

15.0%

20.2%

Strongly agree

8.8%

11.9%

n =

226

109

People in my community trust public

officials.

Strongly disagree

47.8%

33.0%

Somewhat disagree

13.4%

15.6%

Neither agree nor

disagree

22.8%

33.0%

Somewhat agree

10.7%

11.0%

Strongly agree

5.4%

7.3%

n =

224

109

54 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A9 |Support for community climate protection

How much do you support or oppose state and local governments taking action to protect your community

against harm caused by climate change (if any)?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

Strongly oppose

6.3%

4.6%

Somewhat oppose

9.4%

7.3%

Somewhat support

29.6%

27.5%

Strongly support

34.5%

38.5%

Don't know

20.2%

22.0%

n =

223

109

Table A10.a | Support for local social support and resilience hubs: Baltimore

If a neighborhood community building provided shelter, food, water and other resources during emergency

events, how likely would you be to use such a facility?

City of Baltimore

Extremely unlikely

12.6%

Somewhat unlikely

11.7%

Neither unlikely nor likely

10.3%

Somewhat likely

28.3%

Extremely likely

37.2%

n =

228

55 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A10.b | Support for local social support and resilience hubs: Baltimore hub resources

In the case of an emergency event lasting more than 1-2 days, what would be the most important resources that the city could provide for

your neighborhood at a nearby location?

Most important (1)

Intermediate importance

Least important (3)

Food, water, shelter, medical, hotel

Food, water, shelter, medical,

heating/cooling

Shelter, medical, food, water, blankets,

supplies

A plan to get out/shelter

A safe spot for women and children

Air

Assistance: financial

Bad weather

Bathrooms/indoor utilities

Batteries

batteries, flashlights

Blanket etc.

Better living conditions

BGE

Blankets

Call 311

BGE assistance

Blankets, shelter, medical treatment and

communication

city only worry about the rich

Blankets, food, water, access to phones

Children's care

Clean free water

Clean

Clean/dry clothes

Clean water

Clinic

Clothes

Code Blue/Shelter

Clothing

communication system

Counsels

Clothing and blankets

Community resources for food

Different atmosphere

Communication

Don't know

drinking water

Compassion

Drinking water

Electric/Communication/Phone

Depends on hot/cold - blankets or a/c

Electricity

Do well in protection

emergency food

electricity- AC/Heating

dollar stores

Fire House

emergency water

dry place to sleep

food

electricity

Food

Emergency evacuation plan

Food & Water

Food and beverage

emergency pack (toilet paper,etc)

Food and Shelter

Food and shelter

everything

food and water

Father God (to use your own wits)

Food and water

First aid

food and water and shelter

Food and Water

First Aid

Food for the people

Food-water

flash lights

food, water

Food/Water

food

Food, water

Fresh food depending on how big an

emergency

Food

Food, Water

Friends house

Food and safety

Food, water, clothing

Hardware stores

Food and water

Food/electricity for nebulizers; oxygen

Heat

Food, Shelter

Food/Shelter

heat and blankets

Food/Medical

Food/water

Heat/air conditioning/power

Food/water

full restration of resources, i.e.(water, food)

Housing

Games

Gas and electric

Information

Healthcare

Health care

It was hot

Healthcare for those that really need it (e.g.

oxygen, disabled, etc.)

Help

Jobs

Heat/Air conditioning

Hospital

Knowledgeable people who care

Help for elders to get the resources

hotel

maybe set up a command station

Houses

Hotel

Med.

Hygiene Supplies

Hotel - new home

Medical

I don't even know

Hotels, food and water

Medical Attention

Important information

Housing

Medicines

Information about what's going on

Housing/shelter

money/clothes

Jobs

I have not clue

Police protection

Let us people stay in shelter

In other people opinions may be shelters

filled with food, water, heat, and lights, in

case of storms, floods, catastrophic events

as such

Radio

Loaner or rental generators and gasoline

Information

Recreation centers

Local family shelters

jobs

Resources for heat/cooling

Medical attention

Love/care

Safety

Medical Attention

Market

service for the elderly

Medical care

Medical clinics

shelter

Medical Supplies

56 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued | In the case of an emergency event lasting more than 1-2 days, what would be the most important resources that the city could

provide for your neighborhood at a nearby location?

Most important (1)

Intermediate importance

Least important (3)

Medical help

Shelter

Medical

Money

Shelter for the people

More info to what is going on

Necessities

shelter

More police

News and updates

The police will laugh at us and drive away

More recreational center for kids

Nothing

Transportation

Not much else, we are usually left to fend

for ourselves or each other.

Police

Transportation for the elderly

Other financial, counseling, medical

resources

Police protection in neighborhood

Trash cans

Other resources

Power was off for 6 days and no one did

anything

Trust in the Lord

Pantries

Provisions for senior citizens

Try to keep communication

Power

Raincoats

water

power source/transportation

relocation or evacuation to school

Water

Proper accommodations (bedding)

Resources for food and water

Water & Shelter

Rehab centers

Safe place to be

Water, food or shelter

resources for the (elderly) to get the things

they need

safe place to sleep

Water/medical supplies

Safety

You are on your own

Safety/Shelter

Safety-protection from harm

Sanitation

school

shelter

School #225

Shelter

shelter

Shelter for those in need

Shelter

Shelter with heat/ac depending

Shelter and food

Some kind of supplies

Shelter, medical attention as needed

Space for everyone

Somewhere to stay and food to eat

Support

Space

Transportation

Speed bumps

water

T.V.

Water

To get everyone to a safe place.

water bill assistance

To help other available

Transportation

TV

United Methodist Church would help us

water

Water

Water and food

Water, food, transportation

water; food

Water/Food

Water/shelter

Work programs

57 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A10.c | Support for local social support and resilience hubs: TNI awareness

Before now, were you aware that Glassmanor-Oxon Hill is a part of the county’s Transforming Neighborhoods

Initiative?

Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

No, not aware

67.6%

Yes, aware

26.1%

Don’t know

6.3%

n =

111

Table A10.d | Support for local social support and resilience hubs: TNI favorability

If you were aware of the initiative, how favorably do you view its efforts in Glassmanor-Oxon Hill?

Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

Extremely unfavorably

5.8%

Somewhat unfavorably

6.8%

Somewhat favorably

22.3%

Extremely favorably

14.6%

Not aware of the initiative or its

efforts in Oxon Hill/Glassmanor

50.5%

n =

103

Table A10.e | Support for local social support and resilience hubs: TNI resource hub

The county is considering locating a Transforming Neighborhoods “hub” within Glassmanor-Oxon Hill to provide

easy access to multiple types of services ... How likely would you be to use such a resource?

Glassmanor-Oxon Hill

Extremely unlikely

11.8%

Somewhat unlikely

8.2%

Neither unlikely nor likely

15.5%

Somewhat likely

30.0%

Extremely likely

34.5%

n =

110

58 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A11 | Information seeking on energy and climate protection

Would you like any additional information about some of the topics below?

City of Baltimore

Prince George's

County

Home energy efficiency

Not marked

72.4%

77.5%

Yes

27.6%

22.5%

Flooding protection

Not marked

87.3%

85.6%

Yes

12.7%

14.4%

Protection against heat

waves

Not marked

88.2%

87.4%

Yes

11.8%

12.6%

Energy bill assistance

Not marked

68.9%

69.4%

Yes

31.1%

30.6%

Energy fuel choices and

health

Not marked

81.6%

84.7%

Yes

18.4%

15.3%

Home and community

renewable energy

generation

Not marked

82.0%

82.9%

Yes

18.0%

17.1%

Baltimore resiliency

hubs/Transforming

Neighborhoods Initiative*

Not marked

77.6%

63.1%

Yes

22.4%

36.9%

Other

Not marked

93.4%

95.5%

Yes

6.6%

4.5%

n =

228

111

Other-TEXT

Business information for

minorities

Community activities

Employment opportunities

MGM Casino, Tanger

Outlets, Traffic

Control/Reports

grants for beautification of

your neighborhood

no

Housing

Housing for myself

Just make sure (if you will)

the next family that's here

has sufficient trash cans in

the backyard

Local food resources for the

community

Mental health

Places that would help with

stress, depression, anxiety,

sadness, etc.

Rental Assistance

Section 8 housing and other

programs

Weatheration program

Help with home repairs

59 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table A12 | Sociodemographics

City of Baltimore

Prince George's County

Gender

Male

36.0%

42.3%

Female

64.0%

57.7%

n =

222

111

Age*

18 to 24 years

7.0%

13.0%

25 to 34 years

17.7%

29.6%

35 to 44 years

14.9%

20.4%

45 to 54 years

22.8%

18.5%

55 to 64 years

23.3%

10.2%

65 to 74 years

11.6%

7.4%

75+ years

2.8%

.9%

n =

215

108

Home ownership

Rent

54.5%

58.2%

Own

37.4%

33.6%

Other

8.1%

8.2%

n =

222

110

Children in household

Yes

49.3%

59.6%

No

47.1%

38.5%

Not applicable

3.6%

1.8%

n =

221

109

Age of youngest child

Less than 1 year

4.1%

5.8%

1-6 years

20.8%

22.3%

7-12 years

14.2%

22.3%

13-18 years

13.2%

11.7%

No children

45.2%

35.0%

Other

2.5%

2.9%

n =

197

103

Education*

Less than high school

13.1%

9.2%

High school or GED

42.1%

33.9%

Some college, no degree

25.8%

24.8%

Associate's degree

8.1%

11.9%

Bachelor's degree

6.8%

17.4%

Advanced degree beyond a

bachelor's degree

4.1%

2.8%

n =

221

109

Income*

Less than $10,000

30.5%

11.7%

$10,000-$14,999

13.7%

9.6%

$15,000-$24,999

16.8%

5.3%

$25,000-$34,999

10.5%

14.9%

$35,000-$49,999

9.5%

14.9%

$50,000-$74,999

10.0%

22.3%

$75,000-$99,999

6.3%

11.7%

$100,000-$149-999

2.1%

5.3%

$150,000 or more

.5%

4.3%

n =

190

94

60 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued | Sociodemographics

Political ideology

Very conservative

9.6%

12.6%

Somewhat conservative

14.4%

15.5%

Moderate, middle of the

road

44.7%

43.7%

Somewhat liberal

17.8%

14.6%

Very liberal

13.5%

13.6%

n =

208

103

Length of neighborhood

residence*

Less than 1 year

12.9%

24.3%

1-5 years

24.6%

32.7%

More than 5 years

62.5%

43.0%

n =

224

107

Ethnicity*

Hispanic or Latino

2.9%

12.5%

Not Hispanic or Latino

97.1%

87.5%

n =

205

104

White

Not marked

94.3%

95.5%

Yes

5.7%

4.5%

Black or African American

Not marked

14.0%

19.8%

Yes

86.0%

80.2%

Asian

Not marked

100.0%

American Indian or Alaska

Native

Not marked

96.5%

97.3%

Yes

3.5%

2.7%

Native Hawaiian or other

Pacific Islander

Not marked

100.0%

Other*

Not marked

96.1%

88.3%

Yes

3.9%

11.7%

n =

228

111

Occupation

Blue collar or service

industry

25.0%

22.2%

Clerical

6.0%

6.5%

Managerial or professional

17.6%

26.9%

Student

6.0%

10.2%

Homemaker

15.3%

8.3%

Other

30.1%

25.9%

n =

216

108

61 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Appendix B

Toplines |

Breakouts for Baltimore

neighborhoods

Statistically significant differences between the three Baltimore neighborhoods are

designated by an asterisk (*).

62 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table B1 | Perceptions of environmental health risks

How much of a risk do you feel each of the following poses to your health and well-being?

Oliver-Broadway

East

Sandtown-

Winchester

Westport

Second-hand smoke

from tobacco

No risk at all

16.9%

23.9%

16.7%

Minor risk

21.1%

9.9%

14.3%

Moderate risk

22.5%

15.5%

14.3%

Major risk

35.2%

47.9%

53.6%

Don't know

4.2%

2.8%

1.2%

n=

71

84

Exposure to

chemicals, including

pesticides, in food

and other products

No risk at all

15.3%

24.3%

14.3%

Minor risk

8.3%

14.3%

8.3%

Moderate risk

12.5%

14.3%

16.7%

Major risk

54.2%

44.3%

54.8%

Don't know

9.7%

2.9%

6.0%

n=

72

70

84

Air pollution

No risk at all

8.3%

11.3%

10.7%

Minor risk

9.7%

15.5%

14.3%

Moderate risk

25.0%

22.5%

15.5%

Major risk

54.2%

49.3%

58.3%

Don't know

2.8%

1.4%

1.2%

n=

72

71

84

Extreme heat

No risk at all

16.9%

15.9%

17.9%

Minor risk

21.1%

29.0%

25.0%

Moderate risk

33.8%

23.2%

27.4%

Major risk

26.8%

30.4%

28.6%

Don't know

1.4%

1.2%

n=

71

69

84

Severe storms

No risk at all

18.1%

12.9%

15.9%

Minor risk

19.4%

24.3%

39.0%

Moderate risk

29.2%

28.6%

17.1%

Major risk

33.3%

32.9%

26.8%

Don't know

1.4%

1.2%

n=

72

70

82

Obesity

No risk at all

24.3%

21.1%

19.0%

Minor risk

17.1%

16.9%

23.8%

Moderate risk

18.6%

18.3%

8.3%

Major risk

40.0%

40.8%

45.2%

Don't know

2.8%

3.6%

n=

70

71

84

Polluted drinking

water

No risk at all

13.7%

15.9%

10.8%

Minor risk

11.0%

15.9%

14.5%

Moderate risk

17.8%

13.0%

8.4%

Major risk

54.8%

52.2%

60.2%

Don't know

2.7%

2.9%

6.0%

n=

73

69

83

63 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Continued | How much of a risk do you feel each of the following poses to your health and well-being?

Oliver-Broadway

East

Sandtown-

Winchester

Westport

Foodborne illnesses

No risk at all

22.2%

20.0%

15.9%

Minor risk

12.5%

14.3%

20.7%

Moderate risk

22.2%

17.1%

23.2%

Major risk

38.9%

38.6%

34.1%

Don't know

4.2%

10.0%

6.1%

n=

72

70

82

Climate change

No risk at all

18.8%

12.9%

20.2%

Minor risk

15.9%

21.4%

Moderate risk

31.9%

31.4%

29.8%

Major risk

27.5%

25.7%

23.8%

Don't know

5.8%

8.6%

4.8%

n=

69

70

84

Insect-borne diseases

No risk at all

13.9%

17.4%

16.7%

Minor risk

18.1%

18.8%

14.3%

Moderate risk

18.1%

18.8%

16.7%

Major risk

44.4%

36.2%

46.4%

Don't know

5.6%

8.7%

6.0%

n=

72

69

84

Flooding

No risk at all

19.4%

26.5%

24.4%

Minor risk

27.8%

19.1%

31.7%

Moderate risk

22.2%

23.5%

14.6%

Major risk

29.2%

26.5%

25.6%

Don't know

1.4%

4.4%

3.7%

n=

72

68

82

Sea level rise

No risk at all

31.0%

32.9%

32.1%

Minor risk

15.5%

15.7%

22.6%

Moderate risk

15.5%

22.9%

16.7%

Major risk

26.8%

15.7%

19.0%

Don't know

11.3%

12.9%

9.5%

n=

71

70

84

Pollution of local

streams, rivers, and

other water bodies

No risk at all

16.9%

20.3%

15.5%

Minor risk

8.5%

8.7%

9.5%

Moderate risk

16.9%

17.4%

19.0%

Major risk

50.7%

49.3%

52.4%

Don't know

7.0%

4.3%

3.6%

n=

71

69

84

64 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table B2 | Climate change as a threat within next several years

How likely do you think it is that climate change will cause significant harm to your community within the next

several years?

Oliver-Broadway East

Sandtown-

Winchester

Westport

Extremely unlikely

9.9%

10.1%

6.2%

Somewhat unlikely

11.3%

17.4%

8.6%

Neither unlikely nor likely

15.5%

15.9%

11.1%

Somewhat likely

35.2%

23.2%

30.9%

Extremely likely

23.9%

23.2%

33.3%

I don't think climate change

is happening

4.2%

10.1%

9.9%

n =

71

69

81

Table B3 | Community issues of concern

See tables A3.a-A3.d

65 | Perceptions of Community Resilience | A Maryland Community Pilot Study, 2016

Table B4.a | Recently experienced harms to health and wellbeing: Socioenvironmental

In the last 12 months, have you experienced one or more of the following? (Check ONE or MORE)

Oliver-

Broadway East

Sandtown-

Winchester

Westport

Water damage of your home caused by heavy

rains or flooding*

Not marked

50.7%

71.8%

64.3%

Yes

49.3%

28.2%

35.7%

Impassable roads due to flooding or storm

damage

Not marked

71.2%

80.3%

78.6%

Yes

28.8%

19.7%

21.4%

Sewage overflows after strong rains or storms*

Not marked

67.1%

78.9%

86.9%

Yes

32.9%

21.1%

13.1%

Septic system failure due to higher groundwater

or flooding

Not marked

89.0%

93.0%

89.3%

Yes

11.0%

7.0%

10.7%

A storm-related power outage

Not marked

61.6%

66.2%

63.1%

Yes

38.4%

33.8%

36.9%

No household water

Not marked

87.7%

91.5%

92.9%

Yes

12.3%

8.5%

7.1%

No household heat (when needed)

Not marked

84.9%

93.0%

88.1%

Yes

15.1%

7.0%

11.9%

No household air conditioning (when needed)

Not marked

79.5%

88.7%

84.5%

Yes

20.5%

11.3%

15.5%

Lack of access to transportation

Not marked

78.1%

80.3%

76.2%

Yes

21.9%

19.7%

23.8%

Lack of access to medical care

Not marked

82.2%

74.6%

85.7%

Yes

17.8%

25.4%

14.3%

Lack of access to high quality/nutritious food]

Not marked

74.0%

74.6%

75.0%

Yes

26.0%

25.4%

25.0%

Insufficient financial resources to cover bills if

unable to work for 1-2 weeks

Not marked

58.9%

57.7%

71.4%

Yes

41.1%

42.3%

28.6%

None of the above

Not marked

84.9%

78.9%

76.2%

Yes

15.1%

21.1%

23.8%

Other

Not marked

91.8%

95.8%

98.8%

Yes

8.2%

4.2%

Perceptions of community resilience: A Maryland community pilot study, 2016

Abstract and Figures