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Männliche Homosexualität und Förderung der emotionalen und sozialen Entwicklung in Schule und Unterricht: Zugänge zu einem vielfach vernachlässigten und tabuisierten Thema: Hochschuldidaktische Impulse und Anregungen für das eigenständige, vertiefende Studium

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Abstract

Obwohl es bezogen auf das Thema der männlichen Homosexualität in den westlichen Ländern inzwischen große politische und gesellschaftliche Fortschritte gegeben hat, steht die Schulpädagogik hier noch immer vor großen Herausforderungen. Auch wenn dies schwer mit Zahlen belegt werden kann, vieles spricht dafür, dass Schulhöfe, Schulklassen und Lehrerzimmer oftmals Orte sind, an denen noch kein entspannter Umgang mit männlicher Homosexualität möglich ist — trotz der zahlreichen Diversity-Kampagnen seitens der Politik, der öffentlich-rechtlichen Medien, der Ministerien usw. Es dürfte auch keine einfachen Strategien geben, Homophobie aus der Welt zu schaffen. Zu verunsichernd erscheint vielen männlichen Jugendlichen (und Männern), die sich in ihren Peer-Welten mit einer traditionell maskulinen Identitätskonstruktion zu behaupten suchen, die Vorstellung, sie könnten selbst homosexuelle Wünsche haben. Jungen und junge Männer, die sich dagegen als homosexuell oder bisexuell erleben, finden im Kontext Schule selten ein günstiges Klima für die eigene Entwicklung vor. Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema verlagert sich daher in städtische Subkulturen und ins Internet, in die Welt des Pornos und der Dating Apps bzw. sozialen Netzwerke etwa Grindr, Planetromeo, Daddy Hunt, Daddy Bear, Growlr, Chasabl, Grommr u.a. Gerade weil das Thema derart von Spannungen besetzt ist, die mit den Tiefen und Untiefen unserer eigenen Kultur und zusätzlich mit Spannungsfeldern zwischen verschiedenen Kulturen zu tun haben, könnte es zu den Aufgaben von Lehrkräften und anderen Pädagogen_innen im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung gehören, geeignete pädagogisch-didaktische Zugänge zu erschließen, damit tatsächlich eine Auseinandersetzung mit den Licht– und Schattenseiten des komplexen Themenfeldes gelingen kann. Die liberale Reformpädagogik mit ihren — in einigen Fällen nachweislich — fließenden Übergängen ins mann-männlich Erotisch-Sexuelle sieht sich seit einigen Jahren heftiger Kritik ausgesetzt, muss sich erst selbst neu ausrichten und kann derzeit kaum als Modell dienen. Eine rein verhaltensorientierte, an evidenzbasierten, psychologischen Diagnostik- und Interventionssystemen orientierte Inklusions– und Sonderpädagogik, wie sie den Förderschwerpunkt der emotionalen und sozialen Entwicklung in Deutschland und den USA immer mehr beherrscht, wird sich ebenso wenig als Bezugsmodell eignen, weil sie über keine Reflexionshintergründe verfügt, um die emotionalen Tiefen des Themas überhaupt zu erfassen. Auch lassen sich von hier aus keine Modelle entwickeln, um die artikulierten Lebensthemen pädagogisch-didaktisch zu rahmen und mit sachbezogenem Lernen zu verknüpfen. Impulse lassen sich aus kulturwissenschaftlichen, historiographischen, soziologischen und philosophischen Diskursen beziehen, ebenso aus der biographischen Literatur, aus Romanen und Erzählungen, aus Filmen, Kunst und Photographie, wenngleich vieles nicht 1:1 im Unterricht verwendet werden kann und mehr der Hintergrundvorbereitung dient. Praxiserfahrungen sprechen auch dafür, eher indirekt am Thema zu arbeiten, dabei niemanden festzulegen und stärker den Einzelnen übergreifende Reflexionshorizonte zu öffnen. Es geht eher darum, ermutigende, manchmal auch starre Denkmuster irritierende Impulse zu geben, Ängste abzubauen, ein Nachdenken und Neu-Denken in Identitätsfragen anzuregen und so schrittweise zu einem tieferen Verständnis alles Menschlichen zu gelangen.
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
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
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


































       
       


       

-
-
         

       
-









           



      
--
 


    - -


     
 -   





       

     



       






-      

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