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Uncovering Common Sleep Disorders and Their Impacts on Occupational Performance
Abstract
Sleep is an active process; the body undergoes restoration and regeneration. Adequate sleep is essential to health and cognitive function. Sleep is critical for cell repair, a healthy immune system, and hormonal regulation, and aids in the process of learning, memory, and emotion. Inadequate sleep can lead to multiple chronic health and mental conditions over time. The occupational health nurse can be instrumental in screening for two of the most common sleep disorders, insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea, by asking workers key questions and using simple screening tools.
... Judd 17 . ...
... Revista Enfermería del Trabajo 2019; 9:1(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) Artículo de Revisión Abordaje enfermero del insomnio en salud laboral ...
... Revista Enfermería del Trabajo 2019; 9:1 (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) Artículo de Revisión ...
Resumen Introducción. El insomnio es de las patologías más frecuente de los últimos tiempos y afecta a un gran número de trabajadores. Enfermería del Trabajo, como especialidad enfermera en el ámbito de la salud laboral, tiene una mayor capacidad de afrontamiento de este problema de una manera más puntualizada. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la incidencia del insomnio en salud laboral desde una perspectiva enfermera, así como conocer las principales intervenciones que realiza enfermería para minimizar el insomnio y describir la alteración de las relaciones familiares, sociales y el desarrollo de las actividades cotidianas en las personas que sufren insomnio por su trabajo. Material y métodos. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica integrativa mediante la búsqueda y el análisis de los artículos publicados entre los años 2013 y 2018, en diferentes bases de datos como PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Dialnet y Scielo. Las búsquedas realizadas produjeron un total de 1.882 artículos que tras los criterios de exclusión aplicados se reduce a 20, el número final de publicaciones revisadas. Resultados. Las intervenciones realizadas para minimizar el insomnio fueron caminatas enérgicas combinadas con música tranquilizadora, educación para la salud, la higiene del sueño, las terapias cognitivas conductuales, mindfulness y otras terapias alternativas. Se encontraron problemas de insomnio en trabajadores con turnos rotatorios y nocturnos. Además de la repercusión de la calidad del sueño sobre el desempeño de las actividades de la vida diaria, las relaciones socio-familiares y laborales, con mayor número de accidentes de tráfico y menor productividad laboral. Conclusiones. Actualmente, debido a las necesidades de la sociedad, el insomnio en salud laboral va en aumento. Enfermería tiene una importante labor en su prevención y abordaje, siempre desde una perspectiva holística, ya que el insomnio influye en muchos factores de la persona, tales como las relaciones familiares, sociales y la vida cotidiana. El trabajo por turnos es una de las principales causas del insomnio en trabajadores, debido a la alteración del ritmo biológico. Este artículo consiguió el Segundo Premio en el I Certamen de investigación AET-SALUSPLAY para TFM-TFG en Enfermería del Trabajo y Salud Laboral. 17 Revista Enfermería del Trabajo 2019; 9:1(11-20) Artículo de Revisión Abordaje enfermero del insomnio en salud laboral 12 ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN Abstract Introduction. Insomnia is one of the most frequent pathologies of recent times and affects a large number of workers. There is a branch of nursing specialized in occupational health, which has a greater ability to cope with this problem in a more specific manner. This article is a bibliographic review of the recently published studies on the nursing approach to occupational health insomnia, whose objective is to know the incidence of insomnia in occupational health from a nursing perspective, as well as to know the main interventions carried out by nursing to minimize insomnia and describe the alteration of family, social relationships and the development of daily activities in people who suffer insomnia from their work.
Background: Sleep disorders have an enormous impact on occupational health and are counterproductive from an economic perspective. However, the processes of causing sleep disorders from psychosocial aspects have not yet been known. The purpose of this study was to describe how sleep disorders develop among workers with respect to different psychosocial conditions.
Methods: A conventional qualitative content analysis was conducted with a semi-structured interview among twenty-seven workers (14 males and 13 females) who were diagnosed with sleep disorders or had a self-reported history of sleep difficulties. Study participants were recruited from a specialized clinic and communities using snowball sampling. This paper adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist.
Results: The results showed that there were four steps involved in the sleep disorders development process. Firstly, participants with sleep disorders developed ‘early warning signs’ with 11 categories of triggers; secondly, ‘aggravating factors’ on top of these early warning signs; thirdly, workers tried to ‘cope with’ their sleep disorders in the ways they thought would be effective. Finally, when coping failed to improve the quality of sleep, it led to the onset of sleep disorders.
Conclusion: The development of sleep disorders and triggers of psychosocial factors were revealed. An occupational health nurse can bring these findings in practice for preventing worker’s sleep disorders.
Introduction
The modified Mallampati classification (m-MMT) is the most popular technique for predicting difficult tracheal intubation. However, tongue protrusion may sometimes hide the oropharynx when the distance of the mouth opening is short, and this may lead to false-positive (FP) estimations of difficulty. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Mallampati classification with no tongue protrusion (NT-MMT) can predict difficult tracheal intubation more accurately than the traditional m-MMT method.
Methods
A total of 748 patients requiring endotracheal intubation were enrolled in this study. They were evaluated by m-MMT and by NT-MMT prior to surgery. After induction of general anesthesia with muscle relaxation, all patients underwent direct laryngoscopy, and the best glottic view was recorded as defined by the grading system of Cormack and Lehane. The preoperative assessment data and the intubation findings were used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the aforementioned tests in predicting difficult intubation.
Results
NT-MMT classification scored higher in all parameters than m-MMT. Similarly, the coefficient of reliability of Spearman's ρ test was higher with NT-MMT than with m-MMT.
Conclusion
NT-MMT is easy to perform and was more accurate in predicting difficult tracheal intubation than m-MMT.
The STOP-Bang questionnaire is used to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We evaluated the association between STOP-Bang scores and the probability of OSA.
After Institutional Review Board approval, patients who visited the preoperative clinics for a scheduled inpatient surgery were approached for informed consent. Patients answered STOP questionnaire and underwent either laboratory or portable polysomnography (PSG). PSG recordings were scored manually. The BMI, age, neck circumference, and gender (Bang) were documented. Over 4 yr, 6369 patients were approached and 1312 (20.6%) consented. Of them, 930 completed PSG, and 746 patients with complete data on PSG and STOP-Bang questionnaire were included for data analysis.
The median age of 746 patients was 60 yr, 49% males, BMI 30 kg m(-2), and neck circumference 39 cm. OSA was present in 68.4% with 29.9% mild, 20.5% moderate, and 18.0% severe OSA. For a STOP-Bang score of 5, the odds ratio (OR) for moderate/severe and severe OSA was 4.8 and 10.4, respectively. For STOP-Bang 6, the OR for moderate/severe and severe OSA was 6.3 and 11.6, respectively. For STOP-Bang 7 and 8, the OR for moderate/severe and severe OSA was 6.9 and 14.9, respectively. The predicted probabilities for moderate/severe OSA increased from 0.36 to 0.60 as the STOP-Bang score increased from 3 to 7 and 8.
In the surgical population, a STOP-Bang score of 5-8 identified patients with high probability of moderate/severe OSA. The STOP-Bang score can help the healthcare team to stratify patients for unrecognized OSA, practice perioperative precautions, or triage patients for diagnosis and treatment.
Sleep Medicine is a rapidly growing and changing field. Experienced sleep medicine clinicians and educators Richard B. Berry, MD and Mary H. Wagner, MD present the completely revised, third edition of Sleep Medicine Pearls featuring 150 cases that review key elements in the evaluation and management of a wide variety of sleep disorders. The cases are preceded by short fundamentals chapters that present enough basic information so that a physician new to sleep medicine can start reading page 1 and quickly learn the essential information needed to care for patients with sleep disorders. A concise, practical format makes this an ideal resource for sleep medicine physicians in active practice, sleep fellows learning sleep medicine, and physicians studying for the sleep boards.
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From 1 Dow Chemical Company. Address correspondence to
Uncovering Common Sleep Disorders and Their
Impacts on Occupational Performance
Sylvia r. Judd, MSN, aprN-cNp 1
DOI: 10.1177/2165079917702911. From 1 Dow Chemical Company. Address correspondence to: Sylvia R. Judd, MSN, APRN-CNP, Health Services Nurse Practitioner, Dow Chemical Company, 361
USA; email: sjudd@dow.com. The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest and received no financial support with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. For reprints and permissions queries, please visit SAGE's Web site at
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Mallampati classification without tongue protrusion can predict difficult tracheal intubation more accurately than the traditional Mallampati classification
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