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Comparation of injury on leaf adaxial and abaxial sides in Hosta plantaginea induced by ozone
Abstract
In order to explore the comparation of injury on leaf adaxial and abaxial sides in Hosta plantaginea induced by ozone, micro-observation, chlorophyll fluorescent, gas exchange characteristics and chlorophyll content were studied in H. plantaginea seedlings under various ozone levels. Our micro-observation showed that injury symptoms on leaf adaxial side were induced by 10 days ozone treatment (200 μg·kg⁻¹), however, the injury on leaf abaxial side was observed only when ozone concentration reached 300 μg·kg⁻¹. In the presence of ozone, the shapes of polyphasic rise of fluorescence transient both in the two sides were greatly changed. Further analysis revealed that ozone induced pronounced K, J and I steps both on adaxial and abaxial sides of H. plantaginea leaves. Moreover, the enhancement of K step on adaxial side was more significant than that on abaxial side. Additionally, we also noticed that ozone induced the decrease in photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, while REC and MDA increase under various ozone treatments. According to micro-observation and the polyphasic rise of fluorescence transient, we thought that ozone can injure the both side of H. plantaginea leaves. The potential mechanisms were also discussed in this study.
... The relative conductivity affects the damage degree of plant cell membranes. By measuring the change in the value of relative conductivity of different plants, the damage degree and sensitivity of the plant membrane system can be indirectly determined [34]. This study showed that with the increase in ozone concentration, the relative conductivity of the different plants increased. ...
In this study, four typical urban landscaping tree species were selected, three open top air chambers with different ozone concentrations were set, and the responses of chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and relative conductivity of the trees to ozone stress were studied. The results showed that with the increase in ozone concentration, the maximum photochemical efficiency, electron transfer quantum yield, electron transfer rate (ETR) and chlorophyll content of the different tree species decreased significantly, while the relative conductivity of the different tree species increased significantly. Compared with the ozone concentration of NF, under an ozone concentration of nf40 and nf80, the decline in the rate of Fv/Fm of Koelreuteria paniculata and Ginkgo biloba was 2.47 and 2.28 times that of Pinus bungeana and Platycladus orientalis, respectively, and the increase in the rate of relative conductivity of K. paniculata and G. biloba was 2.11 and 1.28 times that of P. bungeana and P. orientalis, respectively. Under different ozone concentrations, the photochemical efficiency, electron transfer rate, chlorophyll content and relative conductivity of P. bungeana and P. orientalis were higher than those of Ginkgo biloba and K. paniculata, indicating that K. paniculata and G. biloba were more sensitive to ozone. This study is of great significance for improving urban environmental quality and ozone control and also provides a basis for selecting tree species with strong ozone tolerance.
Ginkgo biloba, the main greening tree species in Beijing, was used to study the effects of elevated ozone (O3) concentrations on physiology and ecology using an open-top air chamber (OTC). We set three O3 concentration gradients (NF: normal atmospheric O3 concentration; NF40: normal atmospheric O3 concentration plus 40 nmol/mol; NF80: normal atmospheric O3 concentration plus 80 nmol/mol). Based on the theoretical basis of the coupling of O3 and transpiration through stomata, the O3 uptake from the leaf surface of G. biloba was studied under artificial control. The results showed that with the O3 concentration increased, the leaves of G. biloba were damaged, stomatal density, stomatal aperture, stomatal size, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content decreased, while intercellular CO2 concentrations and relative conductivity increased. The monthly and daily variations in the liquid flow density of G. biloba decreased with the increase in O3 concentration. Similarly, water consumption and the ozone uptake rate (FO3) of G. biloba decreased with the increase in O3 concentration: Water consumption by the entire tree under the NF40 and NF80 ozone concentrations decreased compared to NF, the rates of decline were 68.77% and 78.38%, respectively. The rates of FO3 decrease were 15.48% and 31.04%, respectively.
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