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Eco-label credibility and retailer effects on green product purchasing intentions
Abstract
Eco-labels offer an identifiable marketing tool to convey a product's environmentally friendly and socially desirable characteristics to final consumers. Furniture offers a prime example of the opportunities and challenges to the expansion of green products. This study examined how eco-label credibility and retailer type affect green purchasing intentions (GPIs). Data from a sample of final consumers collected across 124 cities in China were analyzed using a Bayesian approach. Consumers who purchase furniture at supermarkets exhibited a lower GPI compared with consumers at other furniture retailers, ceteris paribus. Consumer perceived credibility of eco-labels, past green purchase, awareness of green furniture, level of education, and whether there is an elder family member in household were all found to positively affect consumers' GPI. Eco-labels may bring market opportunities for green furniture manufacturers but these are limited by effective communication and product outlets. It is intrinsic for green furniture manufacturers to choose retailers with a positive reputation among final consumers to improve credibility and potentially expand market share.
... The model optimizes the potential relationship between intention and its determinants by measuring each construct at an equivalent level of specificity. The TPB model has been validated in studies that discuss the purchase intention of green products (Cai et al., 2017;Jin et al., 2020;Paul et al., 2016;, purchasing behavior of green products (Amoako et al., 2020;Albayrak et al., 2013;Cerri et al., 2018;Sharma & Foropon, 2019;Song et al., 2019). ...
... Lestari et al., (2020) concluded that eco-labels are essential for creating consumers' positive attitudes toward green products. Eco-labels ease consumers into understanding the intangible attributes of the product, including the manufacturing process and the value of choosing the product (Cai et al., 2017). supported that eco-labels strongly predict the functional value of product attributes. ...
... Song et al., (2019) proved that eco-labels are a significant predictor of product attributes, this is found from the phenomenon of eco-labels that affect consumer perceptions of product attributes. Previously, Cai et al., (2017) stated that eco-labels make it easier for consumers to understand intangible information on products. Then, support that in terms of functionality, eco-labels is a strong predictor. ...
Although many studies on green marketing were conducted, factors influencing consumers toward their green purchases, for instance, perceived consumer effectiveness, still need to be explored. This study investigates factors such as eco-labels, product attributes, perceived consumer effectiveness, and environmental concern about green product purchases. The study surveyed 200 Indonesian students who purchased and used The Body Shop products. Overall, all the proposed hypotheses are supported. Specifically, eco-labels positively affect both product attributes and perceived consumer effectiveness. While both products attributes and perceived consumer effectiveness positively influence environmental concerns. The last hypothesis related to environmental concerns and green purchases also shows a positive relationship. Lastly, a green marketing strategy is discussed and proposed as the study's implication.
... Eco-labels are 'marks placed on product packaging or in ecatalogues that help consumers and institutional purchasers quickly and easily identify those products that meet specific environmental performance criteria and are therefore deemed 'environmentally preferable' [5]. At present, most information and criteria on eco-labelled products can be found in governmental publications, websites, certification standards and other documents [6]- [8]. This information is usually written in a complex way and can be difficult to understand without having specific knowledge [9]- [11]. ...
... This information is usually written in a complex way and can be difficult to understand without having specific knowledge [9]- [11]. Product manufacturers and retailers use any aspect of the product that can be linked to environmental matters, often lacking adequate verification, causing mistrust and scepticism on the claimed environmental and social importance of eco-labelled products [6]. Eco-labels provide consumers with knowledge on the products performance characteristics and since consumers cannot access the product features directly, they must rely on the eco-label to verify manufacturer's claims on the product being environmentally preferable [1], [6], [12]. ...
... Product manufacturers and retailers use any aspect of the product that can be linked to environmental matters, often lacking adequate verification, causing mistrust and scepticism on the claimed environmental and social importance of eco-labelled products [6]. Eco-labels provide consumers with knowledge on the products performance characteristics and since consumers cannot access the product features directly, they must rely on the eco-label to verify manufacturer's claims on the product being environmentally preferable [1], [6], [12]. There are several types of environmental labels, some are based on the scientific information about products environmental impact throughout their whole life cycle and some are single issue labels, focusing on a specific issue [13], e.g., energy efficiency, however for the consumers that are unaware of this division, this can be confusing. ...
Chemical products are widely used in our everyday activities. As the availability and accessibility of ecological chemical products increases, the usage of these products should be promoted and encouraged since it is better for the environmental and human health. However, there is a gap between individual perceptions on these products and actual usage, therefore the aim of this study was to compare the knowledge and perceptions on chemical products and their labelling in Latvian adult citizens and whether this knowledge impacts their choices and usage of chemical products. An online survey was used to gather data from 412 respondents (21.8 % (n = 90) men, 78.2 % (n = 322) women, average age 39.5 years, 77.2 % (n = 318) had obtained higher education). 62.2 % (n = 237) of respondents use household chemicals every day: 6.7 % (n = 25) more than five times a day, 25.9 % (n = 99) two to five times a day and 29.6 % (n = 113) at least once a day. Although 78.2 % (n = 257) of respondents indicated that it was important to them that the household chemicals are ‘ecofriendly’, only 7.4 % (n = 28) of them responded that they always purchase eco-labelled chemical products and 60.1 % (n = 229) do it sometimes. Almost a third of respondents (28.9 %, n = 110) have not payed attention whether the product has an eco-label. Survey data also shows that 91.9 % (n = 351) respondents’ choice regarding household chemicals is affected by their previous experience, including product effectiveness, product ‘ecofriendliness’ (62.1 %, n = 237) and product price (59.2 %, n = 226). Many respondents have correctly identified eco-labels, but at the same time, more than a third of respondents (17.9–39.8 %) mistake other labels to be eco-labels as well.
... A comprehensive understanding of the existing research on green product purchase reveals interesting research gaps. Firstly, research on consumer behaviour specific to ecolabelled products (Cai et al., 2017;Galati et al., 2021) is much less compared to those on generic green consumption behaviour (Wang et al., 2020;Budovska et al., 2020). Sharma et al. (2019) emphasised the difficulties that green consumers experience when attempting to purchase environmentally friendly products, including a lack of information availability, a lengthy procedure and greenwashing of environmentally friendly products. ...
... Motivations guiding eco-labelled product choices can emanate from consumers' cognitive and affective dispositions (Prieto-Sandoval et al., 2016). Selfmotivation towards green products, concern for the environment (Cai et al., 2017) and health and food safety have been cited as the primary reasons for purchasing eco-labelled products (Yin et al., 2022). Understanding the role of eco-labels as a trigger for green consumerism will serve with essential insights for marketers and policymakers in emerging markets as they repurpose business strategies that would also help propagate sustainable consumption practices. ...
Purpose
This study aims to explore the effect of eco-labels on green product purchase intention among consumers of electrical/electronic products in an emerging market context.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted an extended theory of planned behaviour to assess the effects of eco-labels. To measure the key constructs, scales pertaining to the relevant literature were used to design a structured questionnaire for empirical examination. A final data set of 680 consumers was analysed using structured equation modelling.
Findings
The results indicate that eco-labels significantly impact perceived behavioural control, attitude, subjective norms and consumers’ willingness to pay higher prices for environmentally friendly green products.
Practical implications
The findings not only complement research on green consumerism but also serve as an important direction for socially responsible marketers who aim to play an important role in propagating pro-social consumption among emerging cohorts of consumers. The importance of eco-labelling as an effective marketing tool is highlighted, with valuable insights for future research and practices pertaining to emerging consumer markets.
Originality/value
This study fills a void in contemporary research by examining consumers of electrical/electronic products that typically involve long-term usage, with potentially greater environmental footprints.
... Prior studies suggest that knowledge is an important requirement for environmentally conscious behaviour (Cai et al., 2017). However, most consumers lack this knowledge partly because of a lack of sustainability information on products at the point of purchase. ...
... This lack of trust may also hinder customer satisfaction with green products (Taufique et al., 2017). The growing number of environmental claims seems to have created consumer confusion and limited the effectiveness of sustainability claims in ensuring satisfaction with green products (Cai et al., 2017). Consumers' satisfaction with green products relies to some extent on their trust in environmental claims indicated on green labels, especially in instances where there is no independent system of validation in place. ...
Purpose
In the light of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, it is imperative for firms to adopt green practices. Green marketing is currently attracting the attention of people all over the world due to the growing awareness of the link between environmental catastrophes and unsustainable human activities. However, some aspects of green marketing, including green product experience, trust, satisfaction and loyalty, remain underexplored. This study aims to assess how green product experience and trust in green labelling influence perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty towards green products.
Design/methodology/approach
Partial least squares-structural equation modelling was used to analyse data collected from a survey of 578 consumers in Ghana.
Findings
The results indicate that consumers’ green product experience influences their green product satisfaction, perceived value and loyalty; and that consumers’ trust in green labelling influenced their green product satisfaction and perceived value.
Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the literature by providing useful insights into green product experience, trust in green labelling, green satisfaction and loyalty. The findings can assist brand and marketing managers in devising communication strategies that will generate the most beneficial perceived values of green products among targeted customers.
Originality/value
The study is among a few to examine the influence of green product experience and trust on perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty towards green products, particularly in the context of a developing economy.
... The gender impacts on green products have been accepted by Liobikiene et al. (2017), Sreen et al. (2018) and Li et al. (2019). However, these effects have been rejected in Cai et al. (2017), Cerri et al. (2018, Jahanshahi and Jia (2018) and, Cheung and To (2019). According to Hwang and Choi (2017), women generally want to choose green products. ...
... Jo and Shin (2016), Khan and Mohsin (2017) and, Mamun et al. (2018) have found a relationship between green products and income. However, Cai et al. (2017) found that there was no relationship between the two. The last variable, age is shown to have an effect on sustainable or green products. ...
Fares are one of the main financial resources for air carriers, and passengers’ intentions and attitudes can have decisive effects on their profitability. This paper is distinct because it underlines and discusses the awareness and attitudes of air passengers towards greenhouse gas emissions. This paper sheds light on passengers’ intentions to make extra payments to reduce these emissions with the help of a qualitative questionnaire. An analysis in terms of the socio-demographic variables of the respondents was carried out. It was found that the air passengers’ awareness and attitudes and fare-purchasing behaviour towards greenhouse gas emissions of air passengers are at a saturated level. It was also found that air passengers were ready to join sustainability activities via purchasing airfares. These findings are important for air carriers.
... The eco-label, in turn, is a tool adopted by organizations to certify that a labeled product was prepared in an environmentally correct way (Song et al., 2019;Cai et al., 2017;Choshaly and Tih, 2017). According to Song et al. (2019), eco-labeling has become an influencing factor in consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. ...
... The proposal for future studies on "ecological label" is based on research such as Song et al. (2019), Cai et al. (2017) and Choshaly and Tih (2017), who argue that eco-labeling has become an aspect that directly influences consumer behavior when purchasing a product. Thus, it is important to verify how the development of a sense of environmental responsibility changed the consumption profile, seeking to corroborate or refute the study developed by Göçer and Oflaç (2017). ...
There is an increase in the consumption of products across the globe and with it, the damage and environmental impacts also grow in significant proportions. Therefore, there is a need to propose methods, techniques and procedures capable of minimizing environmental impacts, which, consequently, has inspired the academic community to develop research that addresses sustainable alternatives for the production, use and disposal of products. Due to society's growing interest in this subject, this research aims to present the state of the art on sustainable products and analyze how this content impacts organizations. Methodologically, the research was supported by a Systematic Literature Review based on 161 papers from the Web of Science database, published from 01/01/2011 to 12/31/2020. As main results, it was observed the historical evolution, the adopted methodological procedures, the innovations and trends of future research that are still open. In addition, it was noticed that a large part of the studies sought to address how the producer's extended responsibility has been configured, the process of developing eco-designed products and, finally, the consumer's behavior regarding products with eco-labels.
... Higher consumers' credibility of eco-labels led to higher green product purchasing intention [44]. Schuhwerk and Lefkoff-Hagius [45] present the important role of detailed information on every aspect of the product we buy. ...
... One other important factor to measure may be, how Albanian consumers perceive the role of government in the process of passing to a circular system. Parikka-Alhola [52] and Cai et al. [44] state that buying a green product is tightly related to the government roles and mandatory regulations. However, Kokthi et al. [53] show that Albanian consumers do not trust in the institutions that issue certification on organic products. ...
Diminishing resources, climate change, and environmental challenges emphasize the need for sustainable development. The circular economy is considered a concept that faces and contributes to overcoming such challenges. This research aims to identify circular pathway influential factors in Albania by exploring green product consumption patterns. Primary quantitative research was carried out in an online survey in Albania. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple logistic regression are performed. The main influential factor on green products purchase behaviour that can serve as an influential factor to shift into the circular economy in Albania is product labelling. This evokes and supports environmental sensitivity that contributes to favouring green products. Further supportive factors are product recycling, instruction manual, and details about the ingredients, while hindering factors are the absence of interest and time pressure. However, consumption of green products depends on education level: graduates and postgraduates should have been targeted to attract novel target groups. © 2021, Budapest Tech Polytechnical Institution. All rights reserved.
... For example, more than half of all end consumers in the United States (USA) expressed a lack of confidence in a product's ecological characteristics, as confirmed by its environmental labelling [60]. Likewise, consumers also question the credibility of these tools in some developing countries such as China and Malaysia [61,62]. ...
This research paper explores the role of environmental labelling in shaping the purchasing and consumption behaviours of Generation Z. The study aims to provide insights into the comprehension, perception, and attitude of this generation towards environmental labelling and to investigate how these factors impact their purchasing decisions. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the role of environmental labelling in shaping the behaviours of young consumers and suggest that it still matters to this generation. The study also highlights the importance of trust in environmental labelling for influencing purchasing decisions. Our research paper provides new insights into the role of environmental labelling in shaping the behaviours of Generation Z, which is a critical demographic group for sustainable consumption. We found that this generation is highly aware of environmental issues and is motivated to make eco-friendly purchasing decisions. However, our study also highlights that the lack of trust in environmental labelling can be a significant barrier to sustainable consumption. This study contributes to the literature on environmental labelling and consumer behaviour among Generation Z.
... Similarly, although they acknowledge that the type of packaging material positively affects the purchase decision and the perception of product sustainability, they find it challenging to evaluate which types of packaging are sustainable or the meaning of "biobased" and its associated benefits [29,80,83]. From a marketing perspective, promoting green/biobased consumer goods should be supported through labels by better quantifying the associated benefits [29,[84][85][86][87]. Several studies have shown that labels encourage consumers' interest in sustainable aspects, although they do not lead to sustainable behaviour due to the lack of specific information, such as energy consumption in kWT and carbon emission in CO 2 eq [81,[88][89][90]. ...
Although various methodological biases have been shown, the choice experiment (CE) literature has confirmed the relevance of sustainability in consumers’ purchase choices. Analysing 186 case studies through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, this study defines the state-of-the-art and future perspectives of the CE approach, allowing us—for the first time—to evaluate in a single study all variables to be considered for setting up the CE questionnaire, with a focus on the selection of attributes and levels, maximising the reliability of the result, and minimising potential method biases. This paper defines a standardised workflow to expand and refine a sustainability perspective that can potentially drive cross-cutting CEs in every consumer good by investigating the accuracy of characteristics driving the willingness to pay (WTP) a premium price for greener consumer goods. Most of the studies analysed in this article concern food products (92%), and around half (51%) focus on sustainability-related aspects, frequently described in generic terms. The results show how defining an adequate number and type of attributes and levels characterising the target product is crucial for a bias-reduced study. These need to be concrete and familiar, and using labels is essential to enhance informed choice, with sustainability being a far-reaching concept with multifaceted definitions. Moreover, choosing a neutral target product, defining the correct sample size, selecting a balanced and representative group of respondents, and using the right analysis model can also minimise potential bias.
... From the industry perspective, it is seen that many companies, within the framework of sustainability, have published their development goals, which are included in the United Nations global principles agreement, and evaluate their existing product structures primarily in line with their targets in the next 10-15 years, and announce models to develop new packaging solutions. Studies on green consumption suggest that consumers want to use their green product purchasing habits if appropriate opportunities (such as variety and cost) arise (Cai et al., 2017;Savarese et al., 2021). ...
... When a specific enterprise like the hotel has ecolabel credibility means that the services that will be provided to customers are environmentally friendly and preferable (Penz et al., 2017). This credibility has been considered by hotel executives as a very beneficial procedure that can level organizational image, gain competitive advantage among rivals, and ultimately gain more income (Cai, Xie, & Aguilar, 2017;De Chiara, 2016). ...
This paper first expounds the connotation of entrepreneurship education and the significance of offering entrepreneurship education courses in tourism management majors.Then take Baicheng Normal University as an example to conduct a questionnaire survey on the effect of entrepreneurship education in tour management major, and analyze the corresponding conclusions. Finally, the idea of promoting the entrepreneurship education of tourism management major in local undergraduate colleges is proposed
... When a specific enterprise like the hotel has ecolabel credibility means that the services that will be provided to customers are environmentally friendly and preferable (Penz et al., 2017). This credibility has been considered by hotel executives as a very beneficial procedure that can level organizational image, gain competitive advantage among rivals, and ultimately gain more income (Cai, Xie, & Aguilar, 2017;De Chiara, 2016). ...
... We not only contribute to the miscalibration and HB research streams, integrating two seemingly controversial perspectives, but also offer insights from an experimental perspective that is rarely applied in general sustainability research (Caniglia et al., 2017), research on green products (Cai et al., 2017;Khan et al., 2023;Wijekoon & Sabri, 2021), or green packaging (Hao et al., 2019;Martinho et al., 2015). Practitioners benefit from our findings by understanding when product information can unintentionally cause greenwashing and how product information should be communicated to highlight a product's sustainability. ...
Sustainability as a vital purchase criterion in sustainable consumption contexts is often biased by misguided information. In this context, we investigate the hindsight bias, i.e., consumers think in hindsight that they knew what would happen all along, may lead consumers to think they evaluated attributes of unsustainable or sustainable products correctly all the time while they did not, devaluating downstream marketing variables. This paper experimentally investigates the hindsight bias by manipulating information about a products’ sustainability. We focus on two perspectives about hindsight biases, namely marketing and psychology, to explore the interaction of surprise and sustainability. In a set of two online studies (Study 1: n = 300; Study 2: n = 461), we found a group-based hindsight bias for high-involvement, unsustainable products (Study 1) and individual hindsight biases for low-involvement, unsustainable and sustainable products (Study 2). Contributing to both, mostly separately researched perspectives, we conclude that neither is predominantly correct. Instead, both perspectives jointly determine why consumers evaluate products differently. Confronted with surprising, sustainable information about unsustainable products causes a hindsight bias that increases purchase intention and word of mouth. In contrast, surprising, unsustainable information about sustainable products show opposed effects. Implications for marketing practice show when product information can unintentionally cause greenwashing and how product information should be communicated to underline a product’s sustainability.
... The eco label provides identifiable marketing tools to communicate the environmentally friendly and socially desirable characteristics of a product to consumers [38]. Eco labels are known to improve consumer response to both green advertising and brands, and are considered to serve as objective guarantees for the environmental information of products. ...
Recently, environmental issues have become major social concerns, and consumers are becoming increasingly aware of environmental matters; however, they remain hesitant to purchase eco-friendly products. This study examined consumers’ environmental consciousness as a factor influencing the purchase of eco-friendly products, and investigated situational factors that induce hesitancy in purchasing eco-friendly products. We studied the moderating effects of these factors with regard to ease of purchase and eco label credibility. Our research model is validated using data from 220 consumers with experience in purchasing eco-friendly products in Korea. For the data analysis, we used SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 to perform confirmatory factor analysis and SEM. The specific verification results are as follows. First, environmental interest did not significantly impact the purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Second, consumers’ environmental knowledge and consumer effectiveness perception both had a significant impact on the purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Third, the intention to purchase eco-friendly products significantly impacted the purchase behavior of eco-friendly products. In addition, the results of this study show that ease of purchase and eco label credibility have moderating effects on the relationship between purchase intention and purchase behavior. This study results contribute to the eco-friendly consumption literature by explaining the intention–behavior gap. This study also show that eco-friendly consumption can be stimulated through raising eco label credibility and ease of purchase. The findings have theoretical implications for understanding the factors that affect consumers’ intentions of and behavior toward eco product purchases, and practical implications for how to stimulate environmental consumer behavior.
... Incorporating the eco-label feature served the dual function of indirectly increasing customer desire for the product benefits they will receive when purchasing the product and providing information about the environmental benefit [50]. Giving customers pertinent information through eco-labels can boost their preferences for purchasing environmentally friendly products [69]. Customers would also feel more assured because products with eco-labels were shown to be more persuasive than those without them [57]. ...
In the past ten years, the increasing customer awareness of environmental sustainability has driven the development of green products. As the initiator of product development, this situation can challenge product designers. Since customers may have varied expectations and preferences for green products, it depends on the green attributes embedded in the product and cultural value influences. As the natural behavior setting, cultural value has been proven to influence customer preferences in the literature. However, it was identified that previous studies had not clearly defined the consideration of cultural values in green product design. Therefore, this study aimed to generate a conceptual framework for embedding cultural value consideration in green product design. A comprehensive review of green product design and cultural values has been performed to align the relevancies for constructing the conceptual framework. Bibliographic analysis using the PRISMA approach was also performed to identify the current trend of green product design. It was expected that the proposed conceptual framework could be used as supporting insight in determining the customers’ preferences as an essential process for green product development.
... Eco-labelling is among the external motivations, this is a more influential factor in persons with greater purchasing power and higher education. Moreover, this is more credible and a decisive component if the person concerned has a greater global awareness about organic products or if they have had a more positive experience with similar products [114]. However, despite having a major influence, only 1 out of every 4 people know how to identify whether or not a product has an eco-label [115]. ...
In the area of company economy, consumer behaviour and consumer attitudes to consumption and debt have been the subject of study ever since this discipline came into practice. This publication is a result of an initial work that provides a conceptual analyses and review, within a line of research that the authors are developing, the aim of which is to establish the characteristics that determine the current consumer behaviour and the actual patterns of conduct that make it possible to devise a new contextual psycho-economic model with regard to consumer behaviour. This work is an exhaustive theoretical review of the numerous authors, theories and models concerning consumer behaviour considered from 1935 to 2021.
... measured using five indicators developed [15], [16], the influence of environmental issues is measured by indicators developed by [17] and the questions are adjusted to fit with Covid-19 pandemic context. The consumer attitudes variable is measured by four indicators developed by [2] [6]. ...
The Covid-19 Pandemy has increased consumer’s awareness of the health issues and what they eat on a daily basis. Within the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) category, ecolabel is used to differentiate environmental friendly food and conventional food. However, not all of the healthy products are having ecolabel. This might happened because consumers do not know about the product, the price does not fit with their budget, the promotion does not reach the consumers and many other reasons. During the Covid-19 Pandemy, food manufacturing companies may need to adjust the massage to meet their targetted market. Therefore, this study examines how green marketing, ecolabel and Covid-19 pandemic relate to consumer’s purchase intention of food products. What aspects are they considering? An online survey was conducted in May – June 2020, involving 349 valid respondents, from 34 provinces in Indonesia. This study found that green marketing mix is positively associated with consumer attitude. Interestingly, only green products and green promotion are positively associated with the green marketing mix. Green price and green place are not significantly related to the green marketing mix. Furthermore, ecolabel and Covid-19 pandemic are positively associated with consumers’attitude. This consumers attitude is then positively associated with green food products’ buying intention. The findings of this study imply the need for food producers to allocate attention to food labelling, through good products and promotion. As of Covid-19 pandemic, this study found that the respondents will continue their healthy habit to protect themselves against health issue in the future. This offers positive signals to producers and marketing communication to develop a better communication approach for consumers.
... Researchers have proposed a variety of ways to change consumer behavior, for example, through the use of mandatory regulatory and legal mechanisms to promote waste treatment services [144]; providing adequate information through educational services has been shown to be effective in changing consumer behavior, including educating consumers about the proper installation, use, maintenance, and disposal of products [145]. With the enhancement of consumers' awareness of environmental protection, the furniture industry has introduced the concept of green furniture and conveyed the characteristics of environmental protection and social expectations of products to the final consumers through the form of eco-labels [146]. However, due to various counterfeiting problems, consumers have doubts and distrust of eco-labeled products [147,148]. ...
The sustainable development of the furniture industry is experiencing the challenges of energy consumption and waste disposal. Product–service systems (PSSs) have the potential to promote sustainable development and the opportunity to transition to a circular economy (CE). PSSs can bring a series of benefits to sustainable furniture, but there are still some problems to be considered, such as the safe storage and transmission of information and data and the protection of stakeholders’ rights and interests. With digitization becoming a major trend, emerging digital technologies such as blockchain (BC) are proving to have the potential to solve related problems. Therefore, this paper aims to integrate the potential roles of BC and PSSs in the lifecycle of sustainable furniture. This paper adopts a mixed quantitative and qualitative research method. Firstly, the potential relationship among furniture, PSSs, and BC was quantitatively analyzed by VOSviewer. Secondly, this paper qualitatively analyzes the lifecycle stages of sustainable furniture, the advantages of PSSs to promote sustainable furniture, and the potential of BC to enhance the PSSs information model (IM) to further promote sustainable furniture to address related challenges. Subsequently, the conceptual BC-enhanced PSSs IM (BC-PSSs) framework was constructed, which contains the high-level and the low-level of structure and process, and then reviewed and refined through pre-interview questionnaires and follow-up interviews by industry experts and scholars. In addition, discussing the contribution of the conceptual BC-PSSs framework in sustainable furniture, and the potential of BC-PSSs in quantifying design value, encouraging designers to contribute value, and exploring the potential role of BC-PSSs in supporting sustainable consumer behavior. It is the first attempt to construct a conceptual BC-enhanced PSSs IM framework for sustainable furniture from the perspective of lifecycle stages, which can serve as a reference for researchers and policymakers in relevant directions to support sustainable development, in particular contributing to the achievement of SDGs 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDGs 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).
... Innovative design in modular furniture that is easy to assemble and pack has paved the way for firms to design, manufacture, and ship large quantities of products [19]. In addition, the modularity of furniture will make it easier to combine in production to create a good product at a reasonable price with complementary strengths between the business and the supplier in the value chain [9]. Figure 2 illustrates the modular furniture is used from plywood. ...
Many industries are actively engaged in environmental concerns and innovations.
Among them, the furniture industry is also experiencing changes locally and globally and in its value chain. This article takes the furniture industry in the Vietnam market as the primary context. Although Vietnam is one of the largest exporters of wooden furniture abroad, as in some countries globally, environmental sustainability in design and production is still limited.
In fact, various studies have shown that many consumers are willing to pay high prices for products with environmental protection factors. In addition, sometimes they turn their hobbies into new lifestyles and different trends. Therefore, to penetrate this emerging green product market, environmental factors have been identified as key design elements for sustainability.
This study demonstrates the reference between theory and practice to advise on ecological innovation strategy of furniture enterprises, specifically furniture manufacturing enterprises in the Vietnam market. To do this, firms need to understand the core relationship between perception of environmental sustainability, lifestyle, green purchasing behavior, and ecoinnovation.
From there, they can orient eco-innovation in their organization's activities and
business processes. Therefore, this relationship will be explored in this study.
... Innovative design in modular furniture that is easy to assemble and pack has paved the way for firms to design, manufacture, and ship large quantities of products [19]. In addition, the modularity of furniture will make it easier to combine in production to create a good product at a reasonable price with complementary strengths between the business and the supplier in the value chain [9]. Figure 2 illustrates the modular furniture is used from plywood. ...
Many industries are actively engaged in environmental concerns and innovations. Among them, the furniture industry is also experiencing changes locally and globally and in its value chain. This article takes the furniture industry in the Vietnam market as the primary context. Although Vietnam is one of the largest exporters of wooden furniture abroad, as in some countries globally, environmental sustainability in design and production is still limited. In fact, various studies have shown that many consumers are willing to pay high prices for products with environmental protection factors. In addition, sometimes they turn their hobbies into new lifestyles and different trends. Therefore, to penetrate this emerging green product market, environmental factors have been identified as key design elements for sustainability. This study demonstrates the reference between theory and practice to advise on ecological innovation strategy of furniture enterprises, specifically furniture manufacturing enterprises in the Vietnam market. To do this, firms need to understand the core relationship between perception of environmental sustainability, lifestyle, green purchasing behavior, and eco-innovation. From there, they can orient eco-innovation in their organization’s activities and business processes. Therefore, this relationship will be explored in this study.
... Literature shows that there could be negative correlation between the stated intention and real activity (Kahneman and Snell, 1992) as the consumers tend to over-report the desired behaviour (Cecere et al., 2018;Bagozzi et al., 1998) and this leads to an overestimation of their demand (Klein and Sherman, 1997;Ben-Akiva et al., 2019). But assessing intentions with purchase probabilities solves the problem of overstatement of service availing intentions partially (Cecere et al., 2018), allowing us to describe situations better where people may not have planned to avail the service, but realise that they may do so in the near future (Carson and Groves, 2007;DeShazo, 2016;Cai et al., 2017). Also, the variables influencing the intentions to transport alternatives may not be time-invariant; for instance, new alternative modal transport may emerge within the time gap between actual purchase and stated intention of service. ...
Purpose
Electric street car (ESC) is a globally popular clean and safe electric transport system for urban agglomeration. India envisions achieving “all-electric transport” by 2030, yet ESC as a modal transport alternative is not distinct in the policy discussion. The emerging market for electric transportation in urban spaces requires a detailed demand study at the service user level to remove behavioural barriers and design integrated energy planning in developing economies. This paper explores the probabilistic uptake intentions of the daily public transport commuters for ESCs over e-buses from the only Indian city with operational ESCs, Kolkata.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a random utility model on primary survey data from daily commuters, the authors identify demographic, psychometric and socio-economic factors influencing probabilistic uptake of ESC over e-buses.
Findings
It estimates that 38% of the commuters demand ESC over e-buses, given the alternatives' comparative details. Factors like frequent availability and technological upgradation would increase the uptake of ESCs.
Social implications
The study highlights that even though there are infrastructural challenges in the implementation of ESC, so does any other electric transport system; it is worth considering as a decarbonising transport alternative, given the high up-take intension of the users.
Originality/value
This is the first attempt to study the demand for ESC in developing economies, identifying the factors which may be considered in the sustainable urban transportation policy perspective.
... Companies receive environmental certification for their products. For example, the ISO 14024 Type I ecolabel, which is also endorsed by the Global Ecolabelling Network (GEN), was developed to convey to consumers that a product is in compliance with the green label requirements (Cai et al. 2017). In this regard, environmental certification has been gradually recognized by society and has brought many benefits to companies. ...
European Union public procurement law increasingly allows countries’ authorities to take corporate social responsibility (CSR) into account in public procurement decisions. Up to 2022, few public procurements were determined by these key factors of CSR scoring items. It is worthy to study whether there is consistency in tenderers’ views on CSR indicators and factors. In this study, 10 experts working in companies from different government entities were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. In this study, a DEMATEL-based analytic network process (DANP) was applied to find out the weights of each indicator. Our finding shows the important criteria selected for tenderers were measures to support “work–life balance” for employees and “salary increase for employees”. These are important responses to the problems encountered by companies in CSR practices and can be used as a reference to enhance corporations’ CSR goals or pursue future sustainable business excellence.
... The survey sample was compared with the population data of Taiwan (approximate total population of 23.56 million, with 21.60 million aged older than 15 years) to evaluate its representativeness with a 95% confidence level and 95% reliability. The disparities between the demographics of our sample and those reported in the national census can be attributed to the following factors: (1) women have a higher probability of purchasing goods and services from social enterprises than men do (Helms & Roussos, 2021;Marín et al., 2019), (2) younger people purchase more goods and services from social enterprises than other age groups do (Hibbert et al., 2005;Kanchanapibul et al., 2014) and (3) consumers with higher education levels tend to purchase more goods and services from social enterprises than those without do (Cai et al., 2017;Lepoutre et al., 2013). During the data collection process in January 2021, residents with experience purchasing the products of social enterprises were invited to participate. ...
To investigate whether customers purchasing goods and services from social enterprises would become social entrepreneurs, 980 survey participants were recruited, and two promising models were tested. In the first study, social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) was investigated by examining the mediating effects of purchase intention and willingness to pay a premium on the relationship between outcome expectation and SEI. The results revealed that the effect of outcome expectation on SEI is mediated through willingness to pay a premium; moreover, purchase intention has no significant effect on SEI. In the second study, we confirmed that the dominant effect on SEI resulted from willingness to pay a premium, followed by outcome expectation. Furthermore, the results revealed that purchase intention enhances the effect of outcome expectation on SEI among customers with high purchase intention, thus demonstrating the moderating role of purchase intention. Business partners could be cultivated through the beneficial outcome expectations and favourable purchasing behaviour exhibited by the customers of social enterprises.
... Thus, green productions are in high demand these days since the notion of sustainability has progressively gained acceptance by the general public. In an empirical study, [312] looked at whether "green" labeling may result in market opportunity for green furniture manufacturers. They found that, the green entrepreneurship that intersects among environment, social, and economic goals [313] are major driver of long-term economic growth and innovation [314] . ...
... The knowledge of the environment provided by the world forums plays a role in protecting the environment. Moreover, Cai et al. (2017) retailers and eco-label credibility connection and its impact on the purchasing intentions of green products. Green products have significantly introduced all the positive measures feasible for protecting the environment. ...
Recently, purchasing intention towards green products has gained
global attention due to their extensive use and high environmental
issues. Thus, the current article investigates environmental concern,
environmental knowledge, green product, and ecoinnovation
influence on the green purchase intention of green
products in Taiwan industry. The research also examines the
mediating role of consumers’ attention among environmental
concerns environmental knowledge, green products eco-innovation,
and green purchase intention. The article used questionnaires
to collect the primary data from the sampled population.
To examine the hypothesis, the PLS methodology was adopted.
The results indicated that environmental concern, environmental
knowledge, green product, and eco-innovation have a positive
association with green purchase intention. The findings also
exposed that consumer attention significantly and positively
mediates environmental concern, environmental knowledge,
green product, eco-innovation, and green purchase intention. The
paper also proposed some guidelines to the practitioners which
help them in the development of green-related policies to
increase purchase intention.
... In addition, it should be noted that the consistency of the accounting boundary is the premise of the comparability of the environmental performance quantification and evaluation results of RDL, and any change in the boundary will lead to the fluctuation of the results. In addition to LCA information, eco-labeling also deserves the attention of green furniture manufacturers (Cai et al. 2017). Furthermore, it is necessary to focus on the construction of a green brand communication strategy. ...
In response to global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Chinese government has pledged to curtail increased carbon dioxide emissions beyond 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, thus achieving a status of an ecological civilization. Reconstituted decorative lumber, with rotary-cut (or planed) veneer from plantation or common species timber as the main raw material, has beneficial development opportunities for forestry from the perspective of an ecological civilization. This paper first discusses China’s current state of ecological civilization, then researches the various life cycles of reconstituted decorative lumber using the life cycle theory and provides a reference for the Chinese reconstituted decorative lumber industry’s development by analyzing progress in related fields. The eco-friendliness of reconstituted decorative lumber is explained via systematic combing, and proposals for the use and promotion of reconstituted decorative lumber in the new period are presented. Research and analysis findings show that it is necessary to comprehensively regulate the production chain of reconstituted decorative lumber based on life cycle. Research on the development and utilization of reconstituted decorative lumber needs to be strengthened. The promotion and marketing of reconstituted decorative lumber can be promoted by emphasizing its ecological significance.
... For example, ecologically conscious consumers are more likely to be willing to buy green products. Healthy nutrition is also one of the individual factors that affect consumers' preference for green products (Cai et al., 2017). It is defined as the purchasing tendency of consumers for any product (Yoo et al., 2000). ...
Environmental concerns have been on the agenda of both companies and consumers for a long time and have been the subject of scientific studies. The increase in environmental problems has caused consumers to behave ecologically consciously. Ecologically conscious consumer behavior is expressed as "individuals' postponement of certain requests and needs for the protection of the environment or giving up these requests and needs, sacrificing some costs." This study was carried out to examine the underlying reasons of environmentally conscious consumer behavior and whether ecologically conscious consumer behavior leads to green purchasing intention or not. In this study, an online questionnaire was applied to 440 consumers living in Turkey by using convenience sampling method. The questionnaire was applied between 01.05.2021 and 20.05.2021. "The Ethics Committee Approval Certificate" with the number of 195 has been taken on 27.04.2021 from the Ethics Committee of Erciyes University. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The findings of the study show that general environmental knowledge and eco-label knowledge have statistically significant effect on attitude towards environment; the attitude towards environment has a meaningful effect on ecologically conscious consumer behavior and ecologically conscious consumer behavior has an effect on green purchase intention
... For example, ecologically conscious consumers are more likely to be willing to buy green products. Healthy nutrition is also one of the individual factors that affect consumers' preference for green products (Cai et al., 2017). It is defined as the purchasing tendency of consumers for any product (Yoo et al., 2000). ...
... In addition, it should be noted that the consistency of the accounting boundary is the premise of the comparability of the environmental performance quantification and evaluation results of RDL, and any change in the boundary will lead to the fluctuation of the results. In addition to LCA information, eco-labeling also deserves the attention of green furniture manufacturers (Cai et al. 2017). Zhou et al. (2022). ...
In response to global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Chinese government has pledged to curtail increased carbon dioxide emissions beyond 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, thus achieving a status of an ecological civilization. Reconstituted decorative lumber, with rotary-cut (or planed) veneer from plantation or common species timber as the main raw material, has beneficial development opportunities for forestry from the perspective of an ecological civilization. This paper first discusses China's current state of ecological civilization, then researches the various life cycles of reconstituted decorative lumber using the life cycle theory and provides a reference for the Chinese reconstituted decorative lumber industry's development by analyzing progress in related fields. The eco-friendliness of reconstituted decorative lumber is explained via systematic combing, and proposals for the use and promotion of reconstituted decorative lumber in the new period are presented. Research and analysis findings show that it is necessary to comprehensively regulate the production chain of reconstituted decorative lumber based on life cycle. Research on the development and utilization of reconstituted decorative lumber needs to be strengthened. The promotion and marketing of reconstituted decorative lumber can be promoted by emphasizing its ecological significance.
... International Journal of Food Science their purchase [65]. This has led to creating an ecological label so that the consumer is clearly made aware if a product has a reduced environmental impact throughout its life cycle and provides consumers with accurate, nonmisleading, and scientifically based information on its environmental impact [66]. The relevancy of creating an eco-label has been empowered as consumers demand environmentally friendly products from the market that often incorporate the words "ecological," "green," "natural," or "recycled" into their products [67]. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected and afflicted human lives and been a transformative catalyst leading to closure of many companies, disrupting mental health, and reducing access to food and exacerbating food insecurity. This presents an opportunity to reflect on and examine genetically modified (GM) foods and their effective legislative regulation for the benefit of consumers. This review presents a detailed analysis of GM foods’ regulation in Peru and the analysis of certain specific cases that show the need for greater regulation of the industry.
... For instance, over half of end-consumers in the United States (USA) expressed their lack of trust in the ecological features of a product, which was confirmed by its ecolabeling [58]. Similarly, consumers also doubt the credibility of ecolabeling in some developing countries, such as Romania and the Czech Republic [33,70]. The Polish ecolabel research presented in the literature analysis was conducted on smaller samples [67,68]. ...
In the modern retail system, labels may be defined as silent-sellers which, if recognized and understood by consumers, may allow them to make conscious choices. This simple concern is particularly important considering e-commerce: it ensures customers to find nearly everything they demand without the need to exit from home; however, as shoppers are not in direct contact with sales-clerks, labels play even more a crucial role in the purchasing decision. Online shopping is increasing, notably among young people, and ecolabels represent for producers a tool to distinguish their goods and to provide consumers reliable and credible information about the environmental characteristics of their products. Despite the growing interest in the above-mentioned topics, research which investigate the recognition of ecolabels in online shopping by young consumers lack. To this purpose, the authors conducted an online questionnaire that was distributed to a sample of 559 young consumers who shop online in the most popular Polish retailing chains. Results reveal that online shopping is becoming increasingly popular in Poland, but only some ecolabels were recognized by more than 50% of respondents. This result is not correlated to the frequency of online purchases nor to gender. The recognition of ecolabels among consumers is fundamental.
... Mediating effects of green innovations on interfirm cooperation (Burki and Dahlstrom, 2017); Eco-label credibility and retailer effects on green product purchasing Intentions (Cai et al., 2017); Green Marketing (Dangelico and Vocalelli, 2017); Linking capabilities to green operations strategies (Liu et al., 2017); Role of trust and emotions (Ouyang et al., 2017); Generating trust using Facebook (Radhika Sharmaa et al., 2017); An enhanced trust prediction strategy for online social networks (Raj and Babu, 2017); Trust in local food networks (Roy et al., 2017); Green product design (Zhu and He, 2017). ...
Current research is aimed at exploring the consequences of green based implementation in service industries in Indonesia. This study postulated eight hypotheses. A-survey questionnaire-based was used to collect data from Indonesia services industries, this study use the information multi-sources, data such as opinions, ideas, attitude, experiences, individual and group characters are becoming research subjects. Empirical model with five exogenous variables and one endogenous required 490 samples with 27 parameters. Determining sampling measurement, Proportional samples was taken on service industries in Indonesia. Purposive sampling with non-probability sampling or judgmental was deployed to gain the data. SEM With Amos 24 statistical software was used to analyze data. Statistical outputs demonstrated that seven hypotheses proposed were accepted but the impact of green image on green purchase intention was rejected
... Therefore, some people are willing to pay more for products carrying a label identifying specific credence features [5,6]. If a proper credence system has been clearly established, it was found that consumers would likely pay a premium price for eco-labelled or certified forest products [7][8][9] or even ecolabelled household products [10]. Figure 1. ...
Credence or believability are paramount values in trade. The role of products' credence attributes has been well-analysed in the agricultural and food sector. This study examined the application of credence attributes to forest management and forest products marketing for the first time. We describe specific credence attributes of forest products and highlight their values, benefits, and importance in international trade. We used Delphi interviews of experts and surveyed forest and trade experts to assess the perceived merits of credence attributes in the forestry sector. We also compared certification schemes and sustainable forest management (SFM) indicators against credence values. We found that credence attributes play an important role in the forestry sector for both timber forest products and non-timber forest products (NTFP). While some credence attributes, such as the legality of forest products, already form the basis for trade and certification and are standard practice, other credence attributes are rising in awareness and could potentially create new markets. This study revealed the potential value of health aspects of forest products, particularly regarding NTFP and recreational services. Certification schemes and SFM provide credence at a collective level, and must encompass the rising importance of individual credence attributes of these newer important values. Last, we summarized the emerging environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment practices to assess how credence factors may help affect such investments. Awareness of credence attributes can inform ESG criteria, certification schemes, and sustainable forest management frameworks about present or potentially future market expectations. Sustaining and enhancing natural capital and the flow of ecosystem services they provide, as well as social and human capital, will play an increasingly important role for forestry companies in the next decade. A better understanding of forestry credence attributes can inform the management of ESG of forestry industries and markets more effectively.
... The information on eco-labelled products facilitate consumers to have a stronger understanding of products' intangible attributes. Also, data on manufacturing process and the pricing of the item is found on the eco-label of the food items (Cai et al., 2017;Prieto-Sandoval et al., 2016;Rex & Baumann, 2007). ...
... Therefore, a product can be regarded as a bundle of attributes such as price, brand, and efficacy, and people select specific products on each purchase occasion based on the product attributes (Bech-Larsen and Nielsen, 1999;Gwin and Gwin, 2003;Ali et al., 2010). Existing studies often examine products with specific characteristics or attributes such as eco-labels (Cai et al., 2017), eco-friendly products (Kim and Seock, 2019), renewable energy (Masukujjaman et al., 2021), and organic vegetables (Dorce et al., 2021). ...
This study examines how intimate social contacts’ opinions affect the selection of new religious products. Questionnaire surveys consisting of choice experiments were conducted in five Indian cities for Muslims and non-Muslims in 2020. Multinomial logit and random parameter logit models were applied, and the former was used for the analysis. Four hypotheses were presented: “opinions of intimate people are influential in purchasing religious new products” was rejected, and the associated increase of willingness-to-pay (WTP) was almost 0; “the proportion of a certain religious group in the total city population has some impact on WTP of this religion’s products” was supported; “the WTP is affected by the existence of religious logos on the package” was supported, and the associated increase of WTP was Rs. 17.28; “the proportion of a certain religious group in the total city population has some impact on how much consumers depend on intimate people’s opinions” was supported.
... Their method employed direct and indirect questioning techniques, which have been known to show a difference in attitudes to eco-friendly products, which is often attributed to social desirability bias (Klaiman et al., 2016). Despite this supposed confirmation, social desirability bias is still a concern for researchers in this area (Testa et al., 2015;Harms et al., 2016;Cai et al., 2017;Taufique et al., 2017;Slapø & Karevold, 2019), and is still being offered as an explanation for results (Vecchio et al., 2017;Barker et al., 2019) or acknowledged as a limitation for studies of WTP for eco-labelled products (Vecchio & Annunziata, 2015;Sogari et al., 2016). ...
It is often assumed that consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for eco-labeled products in research settings is not because of a desire for environmental protection, but rather that they are socially compelled to make decisions that reflects favorably on them, limiting the validity of findings. Using a second-price Vickrey experimental auction, this study found higher WTP for an eco-labeled product than a comparable good, but that social desirability bias, measured by the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, was not a significant predictor of WTP. Instead, environmental consciousness, environmental knowledge, education, and available information were stronger predictors of WTP for eco-labeled goods.
The urgency of environmental preservation necessitates green manufacturing and supply chain advancements. This research examines a green supply chain problem influenced by eco-label policies, focusing on two prevalent market eco-label types. One allows the manufacturer to determine product greenness, while the other requires compliance with standards set by a non-governmental organization (NGO). We also explore the variability in consumer comprehension of eco-label implications and purchasing behaviors with different eco-labeled products. Through consumer utility and manufacturer profit models, we discover that the manufacturer's production and pricing choices significantly impact consumer behavior. Increased investigation costs may enhance consumer utility through improved product greenness, potentially boosting manufacturer profit via price hikes. However, if investigation costs are minimal, the NGO-label may be rejected due to decreased utility and profit. These insights could help direct supply chains by providing a theoretical foundation for green production decisions and future eco-label policies, whether determined by an NGO or the manufacturer.
This paper investigates manufacturer encroachment on a green supply chain wherein alternative environmental labels are utilized to disclose the hidden product greenness attribute. We show that both self‐ and government labels facilitate and adjust the promotion effect of encroachment on product greenness, stimulating green demand and retail prices for profitability improvement and raising wholesale prices for investment sharing. The difference is that self‐labeling's low credibility and complete self‐interest features only induce inferior greenness increments and coordination effects. Government labeling outperforms self‐labeling in simultaneously optimizing the interests of the manufacturer, retailer, and society, presuming the benefits of greenness improvement reimburse investments.
The significant increase of population, especially in Indonesia, has an impact on consumption per capita. This phenomenon causes a domino effect on the environment quality. Concern and awareness of consumers towards the environment is important, one alternative that can be done to protect the environment is to use environmentally friendly (eco-friendly) product. Eco-friendly products are currently marked with an eco-label affixed to a product, which indicates that a product is produced with due regard to the principles of environmental sustainability. This study aimed to identify and analysed implementation of eco-label certification on eco-friendly products in Indonesia. This research is based on a literature study of the current implementation of eco-label certification on eco-friendly products. Furthermore, the results showed that various types of eco-label certification have been developed for eco-friendly products in Indonesia. The implementation of eco-label certification has been carried out on several products; generally eco-label certification uses the 14000 series standard as a reference in conducting certification. Eco-label certification is expected to support the goals of the Government of Indonesia in sustainable development. In addition, the trend of demand for eco-friendly products by global consumers will certainly provide competitiveness for Indonesian products while still paying attention to environmental sustainability.
Green product certification is an important link between sustainable production and consumption, which are widely used by governments to promote sustainable development. However, the risks in the green product certification are not sufficiently addressed. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the risk of green product certification, for a risk index system and the intelligent risk assessment model were constructed, which could provide support for risk management of green product certification. Green furniture products were taken as an example, as they are closely related to daily life and health. Based on the implementation specification of green product certification on furniture in China, six basic links and 19 certification risk indicators were proposed. Then an intelligent risk assessment model was constructed using the interpretation structure model, analytical network process and probabilistic neural networks methods. Based on the history data of green furniture product certification in China, the results show that on-site inspection stage has the highest risk weight of 0.3457 among the six links. The comprehensiveness of the information input has the highest risk weight of 0.1290 among the 19 indicators. The intelligent risk assessment model could accurately evaluate the risk, the results showed that there is always a certain risk in the green product certification. Therefore, some suggestions were recommended, certification traceability system, professional staff training and intelligent information filling would be helpful to risk management of green product certification. The results of this study could be extended to other fields of green products and be used for other countries to improve the risk management of green product certification.
Limited-time promotions and limited-quantity promotions are two kinds of promotion modes commonly used by marketers. Previous studies on limited-time promotions and limited-quantity promotions mainly focus on traditional products, but little study focuses on green products. Therefore, this article examines the effect of the promotion mode(limited-time vs. limited-quantity) on sharing intention of green products and explores the products' identity signaling attributes as the boundary condition. More than 890 participants from different Chinese provinces were recruited online and offline and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results demonstrated that limited-time promotion can lead to more sharing intention of green products than limited-quantity promotion, in which environmental awareness plays an intermediary role. In addition, the products’ identity signaling attributes moderate the effect of limited-time promotions and limited-quantity promotions on sharing intention. Specifically, for green products with the attributes of identity signaling, limited-quantity promotion can lead to more sharing intention than limited-time promotion. For green products without the attributes of identity signaling, limited-time promotion can lead to more sharing intention than limited-quantity promotion.
Purpose
This paper aims to identify and study the effect of identified eight barriers to sustainable consumption on consumers’ intention to purchase sustainable products.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from a self-administered field survey in India, and 315 valid responses were obtained from the survey process. Partial least square structural equation modeling analysis was carried out to establish the validity of the measures used and to examine the impact of the identified barriers on sustainable purchase intentions.
Findings
The results of this study indicate that barriers such as low willingness to pay, low functional performance, low availability of sustainable products and difficulty of integration in the normal route have a statistically significant negative impact on consumers’ sustainable purchase intentions.
Practical implications
The findings of this study are useful for marketers and policymakers who want to increase the consumer adoption of sustainable products in emerging markets.
Originality/value
This study develops measures to capture the consumers’ perception of barriers to the adoption of sustainable products.
In recent years, discussions on green purchasing have increased; most studies were concentrated in developed countries, with limited studies conducted in developing countries. This study aims to systematically analyze studies that have discussed green purchasing. Using the Scopus database, 142 studies from 61 journals published during the period 1998 to 2021 were analyzed. Our analysis focused on three fundamental aspects: the determinants, the effect of green purchasing, and exploring the theoretical foundations and the most common theories that the studies relied on. The analysis results focused on researchers’ demographic and physiological determinants based on the theory of planned behavior. There has been a development in discussing the determinants related to products and marketing and social and environmental determinants in recent years. The analysis results of the studies that addressed green purchasing show that green purchasing contributes to sustainable development. This study contributes to decision-makers by identifying the mechanisms of persuasion that motivate consumers to buy green products and provides a clear picture of the contribution of green purchasing to improving company performance and thus achieving sustainability, which encourages stakeholders to devise policies, promotional, and marketing strategies through which they can attract consumers.
this study on survey data focuses on the individual preference to environmental protection increasing the potential demand of all labeled green food that having significantly substitution effects on energy saving in daily expenditure scheme of Beijinger in China. The results indicate the higher net relative incomes have larger globally effects on alternative preferences with distinct differences in social classes. Increases of urban middle-lower income effects enlarge a probability of green food price premium prone to lowering the false positive Giffen hypothesis, while urban higher income effects and peri-urban lower income effects enlarge the probability of price premium prone to proving the ordinary demand law. With considering the representativeness of capital city in China, we use macroeconomic statistics to test our results fitting an increasing trend of CPI during Covid-19 pandemics from year 2020 to 2021. Our findings by micro-level survey analysis about net income effects differ from the macro-level studies on ex-2008 statistics analysis on a decreasing gap between food price and energy price, but similar to showing an increasing gap of post-2008 price premium. Hence, in order to narrow down the difference in net income effects across social classes for buying green food at a fair price, we suggest seven aspects of policy implications on community affordability for green food: 1) target the community affordable price premium lower than the 30% of nominal price; 2) promote household energy saving scheme as a priority of globally necessity; 3) reconsider the food stamp scheme for urban poor affordable green food; 4) educate middle-upper class to enhance the awareness of environmental protection at community level; 5) lower the uncertainty of food market channels; and 6) enhance the capability of community administration for increasing public facilities and services because 7) the ecological compensation to neighborhoods has inconsistent effects across urban borders. JEL: H43; Q11; P28
This study aims to explore the major predictors of green purchase behavior in Mauritius, using an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model by incorporating advertising and sales promotion as two new factors. A self-administered questionnaire using quota and judgmental sampling survey was conducted to collect data. Hundred and fifty respondents judged to be knowledgeable about environmentally friendly products were approached to participate in the survey. The findings reveal that Mauritians have a strong positive attitude towards the environment. Sales promotion, subjective norms, and attitude towards the environment are found to be significant determinants of green purchase intention. Perceived behavioral control and advertising were identified as not very significant variables. Results further show that there is not enough advertising done concerning green products in Mauritius. A positive relationship between green purchase intention and green purchase behavior was also identified. The results of this study can assist marketers and policymakers in developing more effective strategies when marketing green products in Mauritius to create better awareness and more acceptability of this emerging phenomenon that is a good part of sustainability development.
Gelecek kuşaklara sürdürülebilir bir çevre bırakma endişesi günümüz insanlarının ve işletmelerin ilgi alanına giderek daha fazla nüfuz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda yenilenebilir enerji kullanımına yönelme oldukça anlamlılık kazanmıştır. İnsanların çevre konusunda giderek daha da bilinçlenmeleri işletmelerin çevreye duyarlı yaklaşımlar geliştirmelerine odaklanmalarını teşvik etmiştir (Ceylan, 2019: 65). Çevre bilincinin geleneksel ürünlere kıyasla çevre dostu ürünlerin sipariş miktarını artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır (Zhang vd., 2015). Özellikle turizm sektöründe sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak için işletmeler çevreye karşı duyarlılıklarını belgelendirmek, yeşil imajı oluşturmak ve sektörde rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamak amacıyla uluslararası ve ulusal eko etiketler almaktadırlar (Alagöz, 2007: 1). Bu nedenle eko-etiket algıları, ürünlerin çevre dostu bilincini tüketicilere ifade etmek için temel yeşil reklamcılık ve stratejik araçlardan biridir ve işletmeler veya kuruluşlar tarafından çevreye karşı kurumsal sosyal sorumluluklarını göstermek için giderek daha fazla benimsenmektedir (Song vd., 2020: 2; Çavuşoğlu, 2021a).
Purpose
Consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about ecological degradation and are getting conscious of the potential advantages that environmental sustainability can offer, which is also driving them towards the consumption of green products. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to operationalize and test the conceptual model of green purchasing behaviour by incorporating consumers’ perception towards green marketing stimuli including eco-label, eco-brand and environmental advertisements with perceived environmental knowledge in an emerging sustainable market.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model is based on an integrative and cognitive approach to consumers’ environmental beliefs-behaviour relationship. The 549 valid responses were received from selected metropolitan regions of India and analysed by direct path coefficients along with a bootstrapping method for testing indirect effects.
Findings
The results revealed that perception of eco-label and environmental advertisements had a positive influence on green purchasing behaviour, however, the direct relationships of eco-brand and environmental knowledge were not supported in the model. While environmental advertisements and environmental knowledge posed an indirect influence on green purchasing to some extent.
Research limitations/implications
The generalizability of the findings needs to augment an extensive approach of a cross-sectional survey. Theoretical, managerial and policy implications were recommended to promote green products towards sustainable consumption.
Originality/value
The operationalization of green purchasing behaviour using marketing stimuli has remained scant in the Indian setting. The insights gained from this study contributes to the knowledge domain of green consumer psychology in the backdrop of an emerging market.
This paper investigated the strength and stiffness of L-shaped and T-shaped mortise and
tenon joints with rounded shape of tenon. PVA-c glue was utilized to assemble the beech wood joints with interference fit. The strength was carried out by measuring maximal applied load and by calculating ultimate bending moment. Stiffness evaluation was conducted by measuring displacement and by calculating the ratio of applied force and displacement along the force line and the ratio of bending moment and rotation angle of the joint. The results were compared for common mortise and tenon joints and reinforced mortise and tenon joints. The joints were reinforced with round beech wood pegs i.e., standard dowels. The round peg passed perpendicular through the geometric center of the tenon cheeks. The results showed that, for the same tenon geometry but different shape of joints and test configurations, the maximum force of L-shape joints was higher than the force value of T-shape joints. However, the results showed small difference among the calculated bending moments of the analyzed type of tenon joints. The values of stiffness of L-shape joints and T-shape joints were notably different. A significant difference was not detected between the bending moment (strength) and stiffness of nonreinforced joints and reinforced joints for both L-shape and T shape joints. The investigation showed that the joints reinforced in this way could not be successfully used to improve mechanical properties of loaded mortise and tenon joints.
The objectives of the research are to study the factors the determine consumer intentions towards buying green products The inclusion criterion for the respondent was at least 14 years of education and the minimum age of 19. Findings of the study show that age and education have positive relation with Eco- literacy. Socio demographic variables are not significantly related with green purchase intention. Besides this Environmental advertisements, Price and Ecological packaging were found to be positively related with the Green purchase intention. Recommendations are presented for the existing and new companies to exploit the opportunities by investing in corporate social responsibility and advertisement as well as in improving and greening the marketing program. Further studies are needed to widen the scope of research in other areas of greenmarketing program and strategy.
DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p650
The diversity of forest environmental certification schemes can be confusing to consumers and may weaken the clarity of their message. Certified forest product demand is partly contingent on product information. There is a need to understand how information provided by certifiers is processed by supply chain members. In this study, we develop and test a model that deconstructs certification descriptions into three components; (1 ) certification drivers, (2) certification principles, and (3) pledge of certified products. Four descriptions of forest certification were evaluated based on the weight placed on each of these three components by U.S. homebuilders and architects. A multivariate regression was used to determine each certification description's influence on respondents to (1) consider procuring certified wood products, (2) deem certification as an effective marketing tool for their company, and (3) perceive that certified products provide advantages over noncertified products. Findings suggest that forest certification descriptions that place a high importance in explaining reasons that justify the use of certified wood products are the most important determinants of supply chain members' perceptions about forest certification. Descriptions with a thorough explanation of the principles that determine how a product is certified also have a significant and positive, but smaller, effect.
This article shows that trust in the organic label as well as perceived positive health effects of consumption of organic products have positive causal effects on actual organic consumption. Furthermore perceived positive environmental effects and perceived better animal welfare related to organic production are found not to have no significant causual effect on actual behaviour, whereas concern for artificial additives and low price sensitivity have. Even when differences in time varying attitudes have been controlled for there is still a rather large heterogeneity in the organic purchasing behaviour. Part of this heterogeneity can be explained by differences in urbanisation or level of education, while income does not seem to have any effect when education has been controlled for. The data used is panel data for 830 households reporting actual purchases as well as stated preferences and attitudes in 2002 and again in 2007. The results point towards that the most efficient way of increasing organic consumption seems to be to continuously increasing the trust in the organic label and/or to document the positive health effects of organic food by e.g. focussing on measurable things such as a lower frequency of findings of pesticide residues in organic foods compared to conventional foods.
INTRODUCTION The Furniture Society is a member-based nonprofit organization founded in 1996. Its mission is to advance the art of furniture making by inspiring creativity, promoting excellence and fostering an understanding of this art and its place in society. By sponsoring a variety of programs that contribute to the education and enrichment of members and the public, the Furniture Society champions excellence, refinement, responsibility, and craftsmanship in furniture. It seems that when it comes to woodworking and working with our hands, we are inherently more connected to nature than many other occupations. I attend the Furniture Society’s annual conference every year in June. In almost every furniture maker presentation that I’ve listened to, the artist has mentioned nature as a source of inspiration. And in most encounters with fellow makers, I find that the lot genuinely tries to do good by our planet and its limited resources. Of course, the level of awareness varies among each maker, but consciousness of how we’re using resources seems to exist on at least some level. What is green furniture? There are many elements to consider when identifying green furniture, and I’ve listed only some of the ingredients below that responsible furniture makers are taking into account as they design and build. There are other elements to consider, and within the list below, one can continue to dissect each depending on the degree of responsibility a person chooses to pursue. Materials-How are materials sourced and used, and is there waste? Are they renewable, recyclable, reused or repurposed? Are they safe? Do they off-gas? Manufacturing Practices-Is the object designed well, and is it easy/ efficient to manufacture? Are alternative sources of energy used during its manufacture? Use-Keep it out of the landfill! Is the object durable, useable, and/or multi-functional? What happens at the object’s end of life? Is it easily recycled or repurposed? Fair Labor-Are the folks involved in the manufacture of the object treated and paid fairly? Maybe this doesn’t apply to a one-person woodshop, but what about the laborers who made or processed the materials the furniture maker is using? Transportation-Is the object going to a local client? How are materials transported to the woodshop or place of manufacture? How does the final product reach the client? Is the maker able to walk or ride a bike to work? Rather than try to place my own judgments about what’s green enough, I opted to highlight the green practices that Furniture Society members are endeavoring. There’s always room for improvement just like there’s always more to learn. It’s my hope that this peek into what different makers, educators, and businesses are doing will inspire even better things to come.
In 1995, Ozanne and Vlosky conducted a study of U.S. consumers to discern perceptions about environmentally certified wood products, consumer willingness to incur a premium for such products, and entities that consumers trust to certify. Results included an estimate of the size of the segments(s) for environmentally certified wood products and a profile of those consumers who are willing to pay the greatest premium for certified wood products. That study was replicated in 2000 using the same population. This paper compares results from the 1995 and 2000 studies and discusses managerial implications.
Background
Within the medical community there is persistent debate as to whether the information available through social media is trustworthy and valid, and whether physicians are ready to adopt these technologies and ultimately embrace them as a format for professional development and lifelong learning.
Objective
To identify how physicians are using social media to share and exchange medical information with other physicians, and to identify the factors that influence physicians’ use of social media as a component of their lifelong learning and continuing professional development.
Methods
We developed a survey instrument based on the Technology Acceptance Model, hypothesizing that technology usage is best predicted by a physician’s attitudes toward the technology, perceptions about the technology’s usefulness and ease of use, and individual factors such as personal innovativeness. The survey was distributed via email to a random sample of 1695 practicing oncologists and primary care physicians in the United States in March 2011. Responses from 485 physicians were analyzed (response rate 28.61%).
Results
Overall, 117 of 485 (24.1%) of respondents used social media daily or many times daily to scan or explore medical information, whereas 69 of 485 (14.2%) contributed new information via social media on a daily basis. On a weekly basis or more, 296 of 485 (61.0%) scanned and 223 of 485 (46.0%) contributed. In terms of attitudes toward the use of social media, 279 of 485 respondents (57.5%) perceived social media to be beneficial, engaging, and a good way to get current, high-quality information. In terms of usefulness, 281 of 485 (57.9%) of respondents stated that social media enabled them to care for patients more effectively, and 291 of 485 (60.0%) stated it improved the quality of patient care they delivered. The main factors influencing a physician’s usage of social media to share medical knowledge with other physicians were perceived ease of use and usefulness. Respondents who had positive attitudes toward the use of social media were more likely to use social media and to share medical information with other physicians through social media. Neither age nor gender had a significant impact on adoption or usage of social media.
Conclusions
Based on the results of this study, the use of social media applications may be seen as an efficient and effective method for physicians to keep up-to-date and to share newly acquired medical knowledge with other physicians within the medical community and to improve the quality of patient care. Future studies are needed to examine the impact of the meaningful use of social media on physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors in practice.
China’s rapid economic development has improved people’s living standards and has thus raised people’s health awareness and environmental consciousness. Nowadays, more and more Chinese parents have realized the growing importance of healthy and eco-friendly products for children’s growth. In the past 10 years, the Chinese children's furniture market has developed rapidly, making up 9% of the entire furniture market in China in 2011. Due to a lack of research on the analysis of consumers’ environmental perceptions of children’s furniture in China, a survey in two coastal metropolitan cities of China (Shanghai and Shenzhen) was conducted at the turn of 2012/2013. Results indicate that 83% of 299 valid respondents chose solid wood as their preferred raw material for children’s furniture. From the Chinese consumers’ perspective, eco-friendly furniture contains the following key attributes: natural, non-poisonous and scentless material, adoption of environmental certification, and verification of legal origin of wood. Furthermore, there is some evidence on the linkage between consumers’ lifestyle of health and sustainability and gender (females), location (Shanghai) and income (higher income). Although Chinese consumers still have low brand awareness and their price expectations on solid wood furniture are below current market prices, the market for children’s furniture presents a growing high-end segment with business potential for both furniture producers and wood raw material suppliers.
Consumers cannot verify green attributes directly and must rely on such signals as eco-labels to authenticate claims. Using signaling theory, this study explored which aspects of eco-label design yield more positive effects. The study uses a 2 (argument specificity: specific versus general) x 2 (label source: government versus corporate) x 2 (product involvement: low versus high) experimental design (n = 233). Specific arguments consistently yield greater eco-label trust and positive attitudes toward the product and label source, but only with low-involvement products is source important, with corporate labels yielding more positive attitudes. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical and managerial implications.
The authors use conjoint analysis to provide interval-level estimates of part-worths allowing tradeoffs among attribute levels to be examined. Researchers often possess prior information about the part-worths, such as the order and range restrictions of product attribute levels. It is known, for example, that consumers would rather pay less for a specific product given that all other product attribute levels are unchanged. The authors present a Bayesian approach to incorporate prior ordinal information about these part-worths into the analysis of conjoint studies. Their method results in parameter estimates with greater face validity and predictive performance than estimates that do not utilize prior information or those that use traditional methods such as LINMAP. Unlike existing methods, the authors' methods apply to both rating and choice-based conjoint studies.
Variance-based structural equation modeling is extensively used in information systems research, and many related findings may have been distorted by hidden collinearity. This is a problem that may extent to multivariate analyses in general, in the field of information systems as well as in many other fields. In multivariate analyses, collinearity is usually assessed as a predictor-predictor relationship phenomenon, where two or more predictors are checked for redundancy. This type of assessment addresses vertical, or “classic,” collinearity. However, another type of collinearity may also exist, called here “lateral” collinearity. It refers to predictor-criterion collinearity. Lateral collinearity problems are exemplified based on an illustrative variance-based structural equation modeling analysis. The analysis employs WarpPLS 2.0, with the results double-checked with other statistical analysis software tools. It is shown that standard validity and reliability tests do not properly capture lateral collinearity. A new approach for the assessment of both vertical and lateral collinearity in variance-based structural equation modeling is proposed and demonstrated in the context of the illustrative analysis.
http://www.greenmarketing.com/files/Stafford-MyopiaJune06.pdf
Efforts to explain environmental concern as a function of social structure have revealed some weak but reliable associations. Stronger associations have been found between environmental concern and social psychological variables including attitudes, beliefs, and worldviews. The authors used the 1993 General Social Survey to explore a conceptual framework that postulates four causal levels: social structural factors and early socialization experiences; general worldview and ideology about humanity and the environment; specific attitudes, beliefs, and cognitions about environmental issues; and environmentally relevant behavior. Each class of variable has explanatory power beyond that given by other classes of variables, with the social psychological variables generally adding more explanatory power than the structural variables. The patterns are different, however, for the five behavioral indicators. Efforts to explain the structural influences as indirect, operating through the social psychological variables, were mainly unsuccessful.
In this article, we examine how consumers assess product quality when confronted with multiple cues. Based on cue diagnosticity, a conceptual framework is developed that differentiates between cue types and suggests that the diagnosticity of some cue types depends on the valence of other cue types in the environment. The cue diagnosticity framework is then used to assess the effects of manufacturer reputation, retailer reputation, and product warranty on consumer perceptions of product quality. Consistent with the conceptual framework, we find in 2 studies that warranty is not used in judgments of product quality when a manufacturer with a poor reputation sells directly to consumers or sells through a retailer with a poor reputation. However, when the same manufacturer sells through a reputed retailer, then the warranty is used in making quality evaluations. The results not only support the conceptual framework, but also highlight the important role that the retailer plays in assessments of product quality. The implications of the findings are discussed along with directions for future research.
Looking to the future of green marketing, examines the dynamic nature of ecologically conscious consumer behavior. The study also provides a method of profiling and segmenting college students based upon ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Findings indicate that, despite a significant amount of past research attention, demographic criteria are not as useful a profiling method as psychographic criteria. Consistent with past findings, the study indicates that perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) provides the greatest insight into ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Further, the inclusion of altruism to the profile appears to add significantly to past efforts. Additional constructs examined suggest that environmental segmentation alternatives are more stable than past profiles that have relied primarily on demographic criteria.
Purpose
The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of green marketing tools on consumer's actual purchase behavior in case of Penang (Malaysia).
Design/methodology/approach
A survey was carried out on 250 Chinese, Malay, Indian and other races that represent the Penang population. Factor analysis, Cronbach alpha and multiple regression were used to identify factors impact on Penang consumers actual purchase behavior.
Findings
The result revealed that customer's trust in eco‐label and eco‐brand and their perception of eco‐brand show positive and significant impact on their actual purchase behavior.
Practical implications
The paper provides practical information for green marketers and producers of green products in Malaysia.
Originality/value
This paper offer helpful guideline for government to formulate the green policies such as providing promotional incentives to green products manufacturers and encouraging public to buy products with eco‐label.
Concerns related to the environment are evident in the increasingly ecologically conscious marketplace. Using various statistical analyses, investigats the demographic, psychological and behavioral profiles of consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products. Finds that this segment of consumers were more likely to be females, married and with at least one child living at home. They reported that today’s ecological problems are severe, that corporations do not act responsibly toward the environment and that behaving in an ecologically favorable fashion is important and not inconvenient. They place a high importance on security and warm relationships with others, and they often consider ecological issues when making a purchase. Managerial implications for green marketers and suggestions for future research are discussed.
b>Purpose – The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of multiple factors on the green purchase intention of customers in Australia.
Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model is proposed and was subjected to empirical verification with the use of a survey of metropolitan and regional households in Victoria, Australia. The data were analyzed using both descriptive measures and exploratory factor analysis to identify and validate the items contributing to each component in the model. AMOS structural modeling was used to estimate the measure of respondents' overall perception of green products and their intention to purchase.
Findings – The results indicate that customers' corporate perception with respect to companies placing higher priority on profitability than on reducing pollution and regulatory protection were the significant predictors of customers' negative overall perception toward green products. The only positive contribution to customers' perception was their past experience with the product. Other factors including the perception of green products, product labels, packaging, and product ingredients did not appear to influence customers' perception. The results also indicate that customers are not tolerant of lower quality and higher prices of green products.
Research limitations/implications – The knowledge of the overall perception formation about green products and its predictors provides management with the facility to identify and implement strategies that may better influence the change of attitude by customers. Corporations can also benefit from the identification of the types of information required to enable management to influence this process of perception formation.
Originality/value – The present findings contributes to an understanding of the antecedents of green purchasing and highlight that green customers rely more on personal experience with the product than the information provided by the marketer.<br /
The authors use conjoint analysis to provide interval-level estimates of part-worths allowing tradeoffs among attribute levels to be examined. Researchers often possess prior information about the part-worths, such as the order and range restrictions of product attribute levels. It is known, for example, that consumers would rather pay less for a specific product given that all other product attribute levels are unchanged. The authors present a Bayesian approach to incorporate prior ordinal information about these part-worths into the analysis of conjoint studies. Their method results in parameter estimates with greater face validity and predictive performance than estimates that do not utilize prior information or those that use traditional methods such as LINMAP. Unlike existing methods, the authors’ methods apply to both rating and choice-based conjoint studies.
Multicollinearity is one of several problems confronting researchers using regression analysis. This paper examines the regression model when the assumption of independence among the independent variables is violated. The basic properties of the least squares approach are examined, the concept of multicollinearity and its consequences on the least squares estimators are explained. The detection of multicollinearity and alternatives for handling the problem are then discussed. The alternative approaches evaluated are variable deletion, restrictions on the parameters, ridge regression and Bayesian estimation.
A hands-on introduction to the principles of Bayesian modeling using WinBUGS. Bayesian Modeling Using WinBUGS provides an easily accessible introduction to the use of WinBUGS programming techniques in a variety of Bayesian modeling settings. The author provides an accessible treatment of the topic, offering readers a smooth introduction to the principles of Bayesian modeling with detailed guidance on the practical implementation of key principles. The book begins with a basic introduction to Bayesian inference and the WinBUGS software and goes on to cover key topics, including: Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms in Bayesian inference. Generalized linear models. Bayesian hierarchical models. Predictive distribution and model checking. Bayesian model and variable evaluation. Computational notes and screen captures illustrate the use of both WinBUGS as well as R software to apply the discussed techniques. Exercises at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their understanding of the presented concepts and all data sets and code are available on the book's related Web site. Requiring only a working knowledge of probability theory and statistics, Bayesian Modeling Using WinBUGS serves as an excellent book for courses on Bayesian statistics at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the fields of statistics, actuarial science, medicine, and the social sciences who use WinBUGS in their everyday work.
Up to now China's environmental reform has been mainly a state-led process. Yet, to enable further environmental improvements increased involvement of citizens and consumers is inevitable. This article explores existing, newly developing and future forms and channels of public participation in China's environmental management. Opportunities for public participation are analysed against the background of actual environmental parameters and in relation to China's specific political and socio-cultural dynamics. This contextual analysis of the (potential) roles for civil actors is framed around five environmental issues, which are central to the contemporary Chinese environmental debate: (1) protection of nature and bio-diversity; (2) local control of environmental pollution; (3) construction of green company images; (4) establishment of sustainable household practices; and (5) participation in international conventions and treaties.
With new nationwide longitudinal survey data now available from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we study the level, distribution, and composition of household wealth in contemporary China. We found that the wealth Gini coefficient of China was 0.73 in 2012. The richest 1 percent owned more than one-third of the total national household wealth, while the poorest 25 percent owned less than 2 percent. Housing assets, which accounted for over 70 percent, were the largest component of household wealth. Finally, the urban-rural divide and regional disparities played important roles in household wealth distribution, and institutional factors significantly affected household wealth holdings, wealth growth rate, and wealth mobility.
Selection of appropriate climatic variables for prediction of electricity demand is critical as it affects the accuracy of the prediction. Different climatic variables may have different impacts on the electricity demand due to the varying geographical conditions. This paper uses multicollinearity and backward elimination processes to select the most appropriate variables and develop a multiple regression model for monthly forecasting of electricity demand. The former process is employed to reduce the collinearity between the explanatory variables by excluding the predictor which has highly linear relationship with the other independent variables in the dataset. In the next step, involving backward elimination regression analysis, the variables with coefficients that have a low level of significance are removed. A case study has been reported in this paper by acquiring the data from the state of New South Wales, Australia. The data analyses have revealed that the climatic variables such as temperature, humidity, and rainy days predominantly affect the electricity demand of the state of New South Wales. A regression model for monthly forecasting of the electricity demand is developed using the climatic variables that are dominant. The model has been trained and validated using the time series data. The monthly forecasted demands obtained using the proposed model are found to be closely matched with the actual electricity demands highlighting the fact that the prediction errors are well within the acceptable limits.
This study examined US and Chinese consumers' perceptions of the economic, ethical, legal, and philanthropic responsibilities that wood products companies should be held responsible for. Survey data collected in the United States and China in 2011 were analyzed to determine whether this four-component corporate social responsibility (CSR) model was valid and to explore differences between the two countries. Results suggest that economic, ethical, legal, and philanthropic dimensions fit well a model of CSR. Responsibilities related to sound forest management were embedded in legal and ethical expectations. Wood products consumers from both nations self-reported higher expectations for companies' legal and ethical responsibilities than for economic and philanthropic responsibilities. US respondents' expectations for ethical and philanthropic responsibilities in the wood products industry had positive and significant effects on their stated preferences to purchase wood products. In China, only respondents' expectations for philanthropic responsibilities were found to have a positive and significant impact on stated purchasing preferences. The premise that wood products companies' primary objective is to attain economic profits may not be representative of consumers' expectations. Economic expectations seem axiomatic, and consumers instead deem this and likely other natural resource-based industries should exercise greater legal, ethical, and philanthropic practices.
Sampling, Statistics and Computer Code Error Analysis for Independent Random Variables Markov Chain Monte Carlo Error Analysis for Markov Chain Data Advanced Monte Carlo Parallel Computing Conclusions, History and Outlook.
Purpose
This paper aims to re‐examine the determinants of ecologically conscious consumer behaviour (ECCB) by analysing the green consumer profile (socio‐demographic and psychographic variables), building on the work of Straughan and Roberts. Moreover, the study explores the determinants of effective green purchase behaviour (GPB) considering ECCB and green purchase intention (GPI) previously evaluated.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a quantitative study based on an online survey. Data collection was implemented in two different phases: in the first phase ECCB, GPI and profiling variables were measured. One month later, the same respondents evaluated their effective GPB. Through path analysis the effects of ECCB and GPI on GPB were measured.
Findings
The results show that psychographic variables, with emphasis on perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) and altruism, are more relevant than socio‐demographics in explaining ECCB. The consumers with higher ECCB have shown higher green purchase intention (GPI). ECCB has a positive impact on GBP, higher than GPI, which in turn mediates that relationship.
Research limitations/implications
The research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.
Practical implications
The paper provides evidence that whenever ecological consciousness is high, the gap between GPI and GPB is less evident, which provides clear evidence that an understanding of green consumer profiles and behaviour can enable organizations to respond better to new management challenges.
Originality/value
This paper provides a comprehensive understanding about the green consumer profile and behaviour, including the effect of GPI on GPB, and which contribute to the coordination of future marketing strategies to target this segment.
The present study was an effort to explore the direct and indirect impacts (mediated through retailer loyalty) of retailer awareness, retailer association and retailer perceived quality on purchase intention. Seven hypotheses were developed with relevant literature support. The hypotheses were tested with primary data (n=355) collected through structured questionnaire using systematic sampling from food retail shoppers of age 18 years and above in Kolkata, a metropolitan city of India. Structural equation modeling statistical technique was used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed that retailer awareness, retailer association, retailer perceived quality and retailer loyalty have positive impacts on purchase intention. Results also found that the indirect impacts (mediated though retailer loyalty) of retailer awareness, retailer association and retailer perceived quality on purchase intention are stronger than the direct ones. Academic and managerial implications are further discussed.
This study develops a theoretical framework of green consumer behavior to determine the effects of personal influence, knowledge of green consumption, attitudes toward green consumption, internal and external moderators and examines whether these effects differ significantly among purchasing, using and recycling behaviors. Correlation analysis and multiple regression are applied to assess data collected by a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that attitudes are the most significant predictor of purchasing behavior. Using behavior is mainly determined by income, perceived consumer effectiveness and age, while recycling behavior is strongly influenced by using behavior. These findings have policy implications and improve understanding of green consumer behavior in China.
Consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) price premiums for environmentally certified wood products has been frequently estimated using stated preference methods. Estimates of WTP premiums for certified wood products over non-certified options reported in the literature range from 1.0% to 39.3%. This paper describes a meta-analysis used to determine the key factors associated with WTP price premium estimates by examining data from 19 different studies conducted around the world. Results of Bayesian hierarchical models show that frequently purchased wood products and wood products with lower base prices tend to capture higher percentage premiums. Survey administration method was also a statistically significant factor influencing variations in WTP estimates. Results show that conjoint analysis elicited inflated WTP estimates toward certified wood products compared with contingent valuation methods. Reported WTP estimates have increased in recent years. Recommendations to reduce the error of WTP estimates toward certified wood products and improve the validity of experimental studies are provided.
Product labelling with organic certification logos is a tool for signalling consumers that a product is a certified organic product. In many European countries, several different organic labelling schemes exist in the market. The aim of this paper is to elicit whether consumers prefer certain organic labelling schemes over others, to give recommendations for market actors in the organic sector. By means of choice experiments and structured interviews with 2441 consumers of organic food in six European countries, consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for different organic logos were analysed. The results of the random parameter logit models showed that the WTP differed considerably between the tested logos. Consumer perceptions of organic labelling schemes turned out to be of subjective nature and in many cases not based on objective knowledge. We conclude that it is advisable to label organic products with well-known organic certification logos that consumers trust. Organisations owning an organic labelling scheme should put effort into measures for increasing consumer awareness of the logo and forming consumer perceptions and attitudes regarding the underlying scheme in terms of standards and control regime.
Don't Know responses to survey questions are ambiguous because the same words are used by respondents to mean different things—ignorance,
indecision, or uncertainty about the meaning of the question asked. In order to clarify the meaning of such answers, survey
interviewers are frequently trained to probe Don't Know answers at least once before the answer is considered final. We argue
that unconditional probing of Don't Know answers may not be a desirable practice, particularly as regards knowledge items.
Large unintended effects on responses to four knowledge items resulted when two groups of interviewers, who administered the
same survey questions, probed Don't Know responses at different rates. Strong evidence is provided in the article that the
probing of Don't Know answers encouraged guesswork on the part of uninformed respondents, giving rise to significant distributional
differences and differences in means across half samples for the affected variables. However, relationships between variables
appear to be largely unaffected by probing effects. In order to formulate valid probing guidelines for interviewer training,
further research is needed to establish whether the findings for knowledge questions generalize to factual questions.
