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Proposed of e-Community Supported Agriculture (e-CSA) system to promote local organic products: The empirical study of Chiang Rai province
Abstract
In today's progressive era of mobile technology, the number of smartphone and tablet ownership continues to rise. In addition, Thai people have been increasingly concerned about their health and expectations in consumption [1]. Therefore, this study's purpose is to create a web application about e-Community Supported Agriculture (e-CSA) system that is conducted by software development life cycle method. The survey is conducted by focusing on the influence of local agricultural products e-commerce via the web application development. The target participants are farmers and customers in Chiang Rai province, Thailand. The results indicated that the e-commerce application benefits both farmers and customers. Using the application, the farmers get opportunities to increase sales, networking, sale price, and greater control of transportation. For customers, they can get opportunities to receive fresh organic and healthy products, pay a fair price, and request rare products. The findings suggest that the web application promotes the economy in the local area for expansion since the export logistics are more convenient for small agricultural businesses.
... In the extant literature, studies have shown that farmers' performance can be improved by establishing sales channels through e-commerce (e.g. Fecke et al., 2018;Li et al., 2020;Ma et al., 2020;Montealegre et al., 2007;Rolfe et al., 2003;Wicha et al., 2017;Zang, 2019;Zeng et al., 2017). Dominantly, this stream of studies focuses on a narration of the efficiencies that e-commerce brings to farmers and agricultural businesses. ...
... Similarly, Chen and Wang (2012 AQ : 5 ) verify that e-commerce provides excellent client services, simplifies business processes, increases sales, and reduces costs. Wicha et al. (2017) imply that e-commerce platforms are beneficial for both farmers and clients. Zang (2019) discuss how Internet technologies influence farmer household incomes, labour productivity, and wages, as well as advancing rural development. ...
... On the other hand, exogenous agricultural products e-commerce means that farmers engage in e-commerce with the support of a third party, involving support from the government or private sector in providing e-commerce solutions and platforms. According to case studies and relevant industry reports, by engaging in exogenous e-commerce platforms, farmers can become "market makers", and reduce overall trading costs, attract new customers, increase sales, and boost profits (Carpio et al., 2013;Henderson et al., 2004;Wicha et al., 2017). As an exemplar of the exogenous e-commerce model, the PR China have introduced the so-called Taobao villages which are administrative areas which agglomerate the producers both in online and offline modes. ...
Purpose
The literature shows that e-commerce adoption brings many benefits to farmers and agricultural businesses. However, the literature offers very limited guidance on the most effective ways for them to utilize e-commerce platforms. In this study, we unfold how a farmer's choice between endogenous (their own) vs. exogenous (third-party) e-commerce platforms should be aligned with the external (support from agricultural cooperative) and internal (usage of quality labels) resources they can leverage and the performance goals they want to achieve (market expansion vs. price premium).
Design/methodology/approach
Our study draws on transaction cost economics (TCE) and resource-based theory (RBT) to test the conceptual model with data from a cross-sectional survey of 324 farmers from two provinces in PR China.
Findings
Our findings show that external and internal resources shed additional light on the effectiveness of endogenous vis-à-vis exogenous e-commerce platforms. For farmers who rely on exogenous e-commerce, support from an agricultural cooperative appears to be critical in increasing their market expansion. On the other hand, farmers seeking to earn a price premium should focus on developing their own e-commerce platforms, while at the same time emphasizing the quality labels of their agricultural products.
Practical implications
Farmers should pay close attention to the value-added benefits provisioned through farmers' cooperatives, as well as the benefits of acquiring quality labels for their agricultural products. However, the decision to utilize these resources should be aligned with the chosen e-commerce platform (endogenous vs. exogenous) as well as with the performance goal the farmer wants to achieve.
Originality/value
Our work goes beyond the traditional focus on transaction costs and efficiency of e-commerce channels and provides specific insights into when an endogenous or exogenous e-commerce model might provide benefits for farmers. On top of this, we argue and show that this decision should reside with the farmer's ability to leverage external and internal resources, envisioned through support from an agricultural cooperative and the quality labels of agricultural products.
... When selecting only studies about Apps (25 papers out of 57, 44%), a slightly different geographical distribution emerged ( Figure 2). Asia was dominating the literature, with 13 articles [29,36,51,[53][54][55][56][57]59,62,63,65,66], while Europe focused [29,35,36,38,48,49] and Oceania focused [29,36,76,77,79,81] followed with six studies each. ...
... Apps granted an even more immediate access to information as supported by Joosse and Hracs [35] who described a Swedish App which allowed consumers to scan a product with their smartphone to know if it was produced in Sweden or not. Some studies also reported that the use of digital technologies can positively impact profits of agro-food companies [40,41,[45][46][47]51,52,54,56,57,60,[63][64][65][66][67]69,79]. Digital technologies granted an increase in profits by expanding the customer and consumer base as well as by allowing a higher bargain power to farmers in setting the price (due to the elimination of middlemen). ...
The use of digital technologies in the agro-food sector is growing worldwide, and applications in the urban and regional food systems represent a relevant segment of such growth. The present paper aims at reviewing the literature on which and how digital technologies support urban and regional agro-food purchasing and consumption, as well as their characteristics. Data collection was performed on Scopus and Web of Science. Articles were selected using a research string and according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow approach was adopted to explain data screening and selection. The 57 resulting studies were included in the final qualitative analysis, which explored the characteristics of the research studies and of the digital technologies analysed. Most of the studies analysed concerned the implications of digital technologies on local food consumption, especially focusing on consumption, primary production and hotel-restaurant-café-catering sector (HORECA), and to a limited extent on the retail sector. Consumers and farmers are the main targets of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools, whose principal aims are providing information on agro-food products and enhancing networking along the food supply chain. Analysing digital technologies allows a better understanding of their most popular features in order to support their spread among citizens. Digital technologies, and particularly Apps, can be a valuable instrument to strengthen agro-food chain actor relations and to promote urban and regional food systems.
... A few SMEs and smallholder farmers have applied to use internet channels, particularly young, astute farmers, and farmers of niche products (i.e., natural, pesticide-free, organic). The e-Community Supported Agriculture (eCSA) system was developed by Wicha et al. [34] to promote organic agricultural products grown locally in the province of Chiang Rai. As a result, a long-term strategic strategy to transition from traditional agriculture to e-agriculture was necessary for the adoption of agricultural e-commerce [16]. ...
Sustainable agriculture is vital for food security and environmental conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where smallholder farmers encounter challenges like limited resources and market access. E-commerce platforms offer potential solutions by enhancing connectivity and sustainable practices. This review assesses the impact of such platforms on smallholder agriculture in the region, analysing the literature, reports, and case studies from 2010 to 2024 sourced from databases like Google Scholar and Scopus. Inclusion criteria focused on market access, economic outcomes, and sustainability. Findings indicate that e-commerce platforms notably improve market access, leading to better prices and reduced post-harvest losses. They also facilitate information flow, encouraging sustainable practices. However, challenges such as digital literacy and infrastructure deficits persist. E-commerce platforms positively influence sustainable agriculture in SSA by improving market access and supporting sustainable practices. Overcoming barriers through policy interventions and capacity-building is crucial for maximising these benefits. Further research is needed to explore long-term impacts and scalable models.
... First limitation is the scares affordable free bandwidth because the radio frequency (RF) spectrum is highly congested. The second limitation is the bandwidth over a wide range will increase the influence of nonlinearity and deformations effect on the transmitted signals [8]- [11]. Differnt approaches will invented to modulate the data that used narrower bandwidth with higher data rates, like the multi-carrier transmission (MC) or its modern version the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) [12], [13]. ...
This paper improves the bit error rate (BER) of the modern communication system by taking into account the effect of the wavelet shape and the number of carriers on the performance of the space time block code multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (STBC-MC-DS-CDMA). Here the transmitter is moved with speeds 2 km/hr, 45 km/hr and 100 km/hr via Rayleigh flat fading channel. Here, 2 antennas are employed at the receiver to mitigate the multipath signal influence. The system’s orthogonal frequencies are generated using Haar, Daubechies 4, Symlets 4, Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau 1.1 with 9.7 and B-spline 3. The number of used carriers is 128, 512, and 1,024. Quadrature phase shift key (QPSK) is used with cyclic prefix 1/16 and a bandwidth of 20 MHz. traditional fast fourier transform (FFT) system is compared to the proposed discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) to show the BER enhancements. The space-time block coding (STBC) is used to enhance system cabability in error corection. The proposed system shows significant improvement in BER, so that, it reaches to the same BER when using FFT but with less signal to noise ratio (SNR), which interns reduce the power consumed within the system and the cost.
... Trends of organic products are always growing because people are concerned about their health and quality of food consumption [1]. Therefore, they are willing to pay for organic products or healthier products [2]. ...
Abstract: The report examines the dual role of managers as leaders and followers. An underestimated aspect of managers’ work is discussed – their activity as executors of decisions made by a superior. The term “inferior manager” is defined and the thesis is defended that besides the object of influence managers can also be the subject of influence. The results of an international survey of 15 English and 49 Bulgarian managers are presented and their leadership-followership attitudes are compared. The report discusses several hypotheses about the observed differences. It is concluded that inferior managers have to choose style alternatives that correspond to the peculiarities of the managerial subordination and influence the superior in a way that best satisfies the interests of the company. On this basis, three main groups of factors that determine inferior managers’ direction of influence have been identified: inferior- related factors, superior-related factors, and situational factors. Guidelines for future research are proposed.
A Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) operation requires financial knowledge and planning. This information can help you through the financial process by explaining how to develop a budget, how to price your CSA share with different pricing strategies, and payment policy. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2789&context=extension_curall
This study reconsiders the purported benefits of community found in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA). Using an online survey of members who belong to CSAs in New York, between November and December 2010, we assess members’ reasons for joining a CSA, and their perceptions of community within their CSA and beyond. A total of 565 CSA members responded to the survey. Results show an overwhelming majority of members joined their CSA for fresh, local, organic produce, while few respondents joined their CSA to build community, meet like-minded individuals or share financial risk with farmers. Members reported that they do not derive a strong sense of community from either their CSA or other forms of community, yet they volunteered at their CSA and appear to be engaged in activities within their communities, though the frequency of the latter is unknown. These data suggest New York CSAs are oriented toward the instrumental and functional models, which emphasize the economic aspects of farming rather than collaborative models, which foster community (Feagan and Henderson 2009).
Many universities implement e-learning for various reasons. It is obvious that the number of e-learning opportunities provided by higher educational institutes continues to grow in Korea. Yet little research has been done to verify the process of how university students adopt and use e-learning. A sample of 628 university students took part in the research. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed with the LISREL program to explain the adoption process. The general structural model, which included e-learning selfefficacy, subjective norm, system accessibility, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, and behavioral intention to use e-learning, was developed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). The result proved TAM to be a good theoretical tool to understand users' acceptance of e-learning. E-learning selfefficacy was the most important construct, followed by subjective norm in explicating the causal process in the model. © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS).
Incorporating a human computer interaction (HCI) perspective into the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is necessary to information systems (IS) success and, in turn, to the success of businesses. However, modern SDLC models are based more on organizational needs than human needs. The human interaction aspect of an information system is usually considered far too little (only the screen interface) and far too late in the IS development process (only at the design stage). Thus, often a gap exists between satisfying organizational needs and supporting and enriching human users. This problem can be addressed by carefully integrating HCI development into the SDLC process to achieve a truly human-centered IS development approach. This paper examines the roles of HCI in systems development, justifies the importance of considering HCI throughout the entire systems development life cycle, presents a methodology for human-centered IS development, and demonstrates how to apply this methodology to develop human-centered information systems.
In recent years, consumer concerns on environmental and health issues related to food products have increased and, as a result, the demand for organically grown production has grown. Higher costs of production and retailer margins generate a gap between real prices and those that consumers are willing to pay for organic food. In this article, consumer willingness to pay for organic food in two Spanish regions is analyzed. Markets in both regions are segmented considering consumers lifestyles. Results indicate that consumers concerned about healthy diet and environmental degradation are the most likely to buy organic food, and are willing to pay a high premium. Organic attributes are easily identified in perishable products as the premium consumers would pay for organic meat, fruits, and vegetables is higher.
Along with the rapid development of information technology, the traditional agricultural products sales model is facing a huge challenge. Agricultural products E-commerce platform, which carries three layers service functions, one is its most basic functions, which provides an information exchange, online payment, logistics transportation and sales activity; second is intermediate function, it can provide financial analysis, market research and business plan; the final advanced features, it strongly promoted the related subsidiary industry and service industry. In this paper, we make empirical analysis about the factors that influence the agricultural logistics economy, the result shows that agricultural prices, logistics time, product quality, service level, credibility, spending habits, profits and operating capital are the key factors that will affect the agricultural product marketing.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for organics.
Design/methodology/approach
– A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data at five retail stores in metropolitan Bangkok. Exploratory factor analysis and the double-bound contingent valuation method were used for analysis.
Findings
– Results indicate WTP premiums of 88, 51 and 51 per cent for kale, jasmine rice and pork, respectively. Analysis indicates that respondents are willing to pay a premium if they have already purchased organic products, have good health, strong ethical and environmental concerns, think that organic products provide greater quality and health benefits, and reside in the city. Respondents with children, however, are less likely to pay a premium for organic products. Analysis also indicates that the price premium hinders purchase.
Practical implications
– Efforts should be made by policymakers, together with marketers and producers, to lower the price of organic products to attract more consumers.
Originality/value
– To enlarge the organic market, one must understand consumers’ preferences for organic products and the premium they will pay for them. This is not well-researched. Though several studies have investigated consumers’ behaviour towards environmentally friendly products in Thailand, there is little research on WTP. This lack is a major impediment to the growth of organic consumption and the development of organic product markets.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider whether UK consumers recognise and trust organic certification logos and whether the presence of these logos on a product increases consumer willingness to pay for that product.
Design/methodology/approach
– To ascertain the reaction of UK consumers to organic certification logos commonly used in the UK, this study makes use of three methods: focus groups, a consumer survey and a willingness to pay experiment (choice experiment).
Findings
– These three approaches reveal that UK consumers associate certain benefits with organic foods but are generally unaware of how the industry is regulated. With regards to trust of the logo, the standards they think underlie the logo and the inspection system that they think is associated with the logo, UK consumers rate the Soil Association and Organic Farmers and Growers logos more highly than the EU logo or products labelled with just the word “organic”. They appear willing to pay a premium for the additional assurance that these two logos provide, suggesting that where they are recognised, certification logos are valued.
Originality/value
– To the authors' knowledge, no previous studies exist on whether UK consumers recognise and trust different organic certification logos. These findings show that where such logos are recognised they can help to give some assurance to the UK consumer and this is reflected in a willingness to pay a premium for foods labelled with the Soil Association and Organic Farmers and Growers certification logos, as opposed to no logo or the (less well known) EU logo.
Summary Structured project management techniques (such as an SDLC) enhance management's control over projects by dividing complex tasks into manageable sections. A software life cycle model is either a descriptive or prescriptive characterization of how software is or should be developed. But none of the SDLC models discuss the key issues like Change management, Incident management and Release management processes within the SDLC process, but, it is addressed in the overall project management. In the proposed hypothetical model, the concept of user-developer interaction in the conventional SDLC model has been converted into a three dimensional model which comprises of the user, owner and the developer. In the proposed hypothetical model, the concept of user-developer interaction in the conventional SDLC model has been converted into a three dimensional model which comprises of the user, owner and the developer. The ―one size fits all‖ approach to applying SDLC methodologies is no longer appropriate. We have made an attempt to address the above mentioned defects by using a new hypothetical model for SDLC described elsewhere. The drawback of addressing these management processes under the overall project management is missing of key technical issues pertaining to software development process that is, these issues are talked in the project management at the surface level but not at the ground level. .
Marketing food directly from producers to consumers, so circumventing the ‘middlemen’ in the food supply chain, has many potential benefits. For consumers, direct marketing initiatives are providing people with locally grown, fresh, healthy and, in many cases, organic food at affordable prices. Through buying locally grown produce, consumers are giving their support to local producers as well as helping to revitalize rural economies. Producers benefit through retaining more of the value of their produce, which can help them survive through the current crisis in UK farming. There are also environmental benefits. Creating markets where people can buy produce from local farmers and growers reduces the distance that food travels between producers and consumers, which in turn decreases global environmental pollution. One direct marketing scheme – the farmers’ market – has proved to be particularly popular with local people, producers and the local councils, organizations and institutions who are involved in setting them up. This paper focuses on one such market, the Stour Valley Farmers' Market, which commenced trading on 20th June 1999. Customers who attended the first three of these monthly markets were interviewed to investigate the reasons for their attendance at the market, and their attitudes towards a number of food issues including organic and genetically modified food, local and seasonal food and concerns they may have over the way their food is produced. The research has shown that most customers visited the markets initially out of curiosity, although some attended specifically to buy healthy fresh foods. The vast majority of interviewees expressed a preference for food which is organically grown and free from genetic modification. Organic foods are generally perceived to be healthier and more flavoursome. When buying fresh foods, interviewees stated the importance of quality and freshness in their choice of produce.
Summary Drawing on the Big Middle theory of retail evolution, an analysis of secondary and primary survey data on Thai shopping behavior seeks to understand the shift away from wet markets to supermarkets. On all salient attributes affecting retail outlet choice, supermarkets outperform wet markets. While wet markets continue to account for the majority of expenditure on fresh produce their market share has eroded sharply. A bootstrapped bivariate ordered probit model identifies the characteristics of supermarket and wet market shoppers. The analysis questions previous work which perceived wet markets in East Asia as possessing a long-term competitive advantage in food retailing.
Local food has become the rising star of the sustainable agriculture movement, in part because of the energy efficiencies
thought to be gained when food travels shorter distances. In this essay I critique four key assumptions that underlie this
connection between local foods and energy. I then describe two competing conclusions implied by the critique. On the one hand,
local food systems may need a more extensive and integrated transportation infrastructure to achieve sustainability. On the
other hand, the production, transportation, and consumption of local foods are fundamentally as reliant on fossil fuels as
are long distance foods. A more holistic approach to energy use in the food system is needed to determine which particular
sociotechnical factors optimize energetic sustainability.
In response to food scares related to high levels of pesticide residues sometimes found on vegetables and fruits, consumers in Thailand increasingly demand 'safe' foods. This has resulted in a number of initiatives and labels indicating 'pesticide safe' vegetables. However, the pesticide-residue problem has proved enduring. This opens a market opportunity for organic foods, which are produced entirely without using synthetic chemicals. As little is known on consumer perception of organic foods in Thailand, a survey was conducted in Bangkok. More than a third of the 848 respondents reported having purchased organic vegetables or fruits in the past. The main reasons for purchasing organic products are that consumers expect them to be healthier, that organic products are environmentally friendly. The respondents who have bought organic vegetables tend to be older, have a higher education level and a higher family income than those who have not bought them. The main barrier to increasing the market share of organic vegetables is that consumers do not clearly differentiate between the various 'pesticide safe' labels and the organic labels. Informing consumers about unique characteristics of organic production methods, the strict inspection and required third party certification might be a promising strategy to develop the market for organic vegetables in Thailand's urban centers.
Marketing Channels and Internet Technology Used by Specialty Crop Farmers
- kankanamge
Community Supported Agriculture
- ernst