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Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Wheat Grass Juice Extract and Powder on Diabetics

Authors:
  • Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women

Abstract

The study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of wheat grass juice, extract and powder on diabetics. Two hundred male employees (35-50 y) of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) from Usilampatti, a town in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu were selected for the study. After screening, 60 employees whose fasting blood glucose level was ≥ 145mg/dl and not taking oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin were considered for the study. Fifty grams of fresh wheat grass, made into a fine paste using a stone grinder was mixed in 100ml of water. Two to three drops of lemon juice was added to enhance the flavour and palatability of the juice. Wheat grass extract obtained was then squeezed and the fiber separated. Fresh wheat grass was harvested and shade dried for 2-3 days. It was then made into fine powder with a stone grinder. Five grams of wheat grass powder was added in 100ml of water and mixed thoroughly. The selected diabetic employees (60) were divided into three experimental groups and one control group of 15 members each. Experimental group I was supplemented with 100ml of wheat grass juice, group II was supplemented with 100ml of wheat grass extract and group III was supplemented with 5g of wheat grass powder mixed in 100ml of water and for a period of four months. No supplementation was given to control group. Anthropometric parameters like height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist / hip ratio, skin fold thickness and biochemical parameters namely fasting blood glucose level, post prandial blood glucose level, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL, HbA1C and blood pressure were measured before and after supplementation. Group II supplemented with wheat grass extract showed a slight difference in weight when compared to groups I and III. The mean skin fold thickness of all the three groups decreased after supplementation. The mean initial blood glucose level of the experimental groups (I, II and III) and control group were above the normal range . The mean decrease of fasting blood glucose level in experimental group I, II, III and control group were 37.4, 32.9, 27.6 and 1.4 mg /dl respectively. The mean decrease of post prandial blood glucose level in experimental groups I, II, III and control group were 63, 60.3, 39 and 1.8 mg/dl respectively. High fibre supplement lowered total cholesterol by about 19.2 % and reduced LDL cholesterol by 13.2 % with maximum reduction in groups II and III. HDL cholesterol level was highly increased in experimental group II. The decrease in HbA1C level was higher in experimental group I (2.5%) and blood pressure was highly decreased in experimental group I compared to other experimental groups and control group.
Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Potential of
Wheat Grass Juice, Extract and Powder on Diabetics
Lekha, L. and Kalpana, C.A.
(Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for
Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore-641 043)
e-mail: cakalpana272@gmail.com
(Received 27th November, 2016)
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic
potential of wheat grass juice, extract and powder on diabetics. Two hundred male
employees (35-50 y) of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) from Usilampatti, a town
in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu were selected for the study. After screening, 60
employees whose fasting blood glucose level was > 145mg/dl and not taking oral
hypoglycemic drugs or insulin were considered for the study. Fifty grams of fresh
wheat grass, made into a fine paste using a stone grinder was mixed in 100ml of
water. Two to three drops of lemon juice was added to enhance the flavour and
palatability of the juice. Wheat grass extract obtained was then squeezed and the
fiber separated. Fresh wheat grass was harvested and shade dried for 2-3 days. It
was then made into fine powder with a stone grinder. Five grams of wheat grass
powder was added in 100ml of water and mixed thoroughly. The selected diabetic
employees (60) were divided into three experimental groups and one control group of
15 members each. Experimental group I was supplemented with 100ml of wheat grass
juice, group II was supplemented with 100ml of wheat grass extract and group III was
supplemented with 5g of wheat grass powder mixed in 100ml of water and for a
period of four months. No supplementation was given to control group. Anthropometric
parameters like height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist / hip ratio, skin fold
thickness and biochemical parameters namely fasting blood glucose level, post prandial
blood glucose level, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL, HbA1C and blood pressure
were measured before and after supplementation. Group II supplemented with wheat
grass extract showed a slight difference in weight when compared to groups I and III.
The mean skin fold thickness of all the three groups decreased after supplementation.
The mean initial blood glucose level of the experimental groups (I, II and III) and
control group were above the normal range . The mean decrease of fasting blood
glucose level in experimental group I, II, III and control group were 37.4, 32.9, 27.6
and 1.4 mg /dl respectively. The mean decrease of post prandial blood glucose level in
experimental groups I, II, III and control group were 63, 60.3, 39 and 1.8 mg /dl
respectively. High fibre supplement lowered total cholesterol by about 19.2 % and
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.54 (1), January - March 2017
54
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics
ISSN: 0022-3174; eISSN: 2348-621X
www.ijndonline.org
DOI:10.21048/ijnd.2017.54.1.10849
Introduction
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder
characterized by limited ability or
complete inability of tissues to utilize
carbohydrates accompanied by changes
in metabolism of fat, protein, water
and electrolytes1. Diabetes mellitus
represents a cluster of metabolic
diseases characterised by high levels of
blood glucose, as a result of defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action or
both2. According to Diabetes Atlas,
published by the International Diabetes
Federation in India, 40 million people
had diabetes in 2007 and this number is
predicted to rise to 70 million people by
2025. India, China and USA will be the
countries with the largest number of
diabetic people by 2030. It is estimated
that every fifth person with diabetes will
be an Indian and the economic burden
due to diabetes in India is amongst the
highest in the world3.
Prevalence of diabetes increased
by 39.8% between 1989 to 1995, 16%
between 1995 and 2000 and 6.0%
between 2000 and 2004. Thus within a
span of 14 years, the prevalence of
diabetes increased by 72.3 %3. Diabetes
mellitus is mainly caused by hereditary
factors, obesity, sedentary life style and
ageing. Diabetes, particularly of the
NIDDM type, seems to run in families.
However, hereditary predisposition
alone is not enough. Several factors
such as diet, obesity, ethnic
background, ageing etc., have all been
shown to influence the development of
diabetes. In type I diabetes, auto-
immunity (destruction of the beta cells
of the pancreas due to antibodies
produced in the body) and viral
infections may play a role4. Tender and
young wheat grass is considered to be
the richest source of amino acids,
vitamins A, C and E, iron, magnesium
and flavonoids. One ounce, of fresh
wheat grass juice is equivalent to 2.5 lbs
of vegetables in nutritional value5.
The rich amino acid, nutrient and
enzyme content of wheat grass juice
balance blood sugar levels, enhancing
absorption of dietary sugars and their
metabolism into energy. It also balances
glucose level by influencing Insulin
Growth Factor – I (IGF) which has
insulin like effect on blood sugar. It
reduces and stabilises blood glucose
reduced LDL cholesterol by 13.2 % with maximum reduction in groups II and III. HDL
cholesterol level was highly increased in experimental group II. The decrease in HbA1C
level was higher in experimental group I (2.5%) and blood pressure was highly
decreased in experimental group I compared to other experimental groups and control
group.
Keywords: Hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, diabetic, biochemical estimation,
anthropometric parameters
Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Wheat Grass Juice, Extract and Powder on Diabetics
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The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.54 (1), January - March 2017
levels in diabetic patients6.With this in
view, the present study was carried out
to find out the hypoglycemic and
hypocholesterolemic potential of wheat
grass juice, extract and powder on adult
male diabetics
Materials and Methods
Selection of area and sample
The area selected for the study was
Usilampatti a town in Madurai District.
Male employees of Tamil Nadu
Electricity Board (TNEB) were selected
for the study. Initial screening of
diabetes mellitus was done on 200 male
employees in the age group of 35-50 y.
After screening, 60 employees whose
fasting blood glucose level was
>145mg/dl and those who were not
taking oral hypoglycemic drugs or
insulin were considered for the study.
Assessment of socio-economic background and
dietary pattern
A specially designed interview
schedule was administered to selected
diabetics to elicit information on
their socio-economic background,
educational status, details of the
disease condition and food consumption
pattern. The possible causative factors
for the disease and the type of treatment
undertaken by the diabetics and role of
risk factors and physiological symptoms
exhibited by the diabetics at the initial
and final phase of the study were also
recorded.
Preparation of wheat grass juice
For the preparation of wheat grass
juice, 50g of fresh wheat grass was
weighed and made into a fine paste
using a stone grinder. It was mixed in
100ml of water. Two to three drops of
lemon juice was added to enhance the
flavour and palatability of the juice.
Preparation of wheat grass extract
For the preparation of wheat grass
extract, 50g of fresh wheat grass was
ground using a stone grinder and the
extract obtained was then squeezed and
the fiber separated. This process was
repeated for 3-4 times and then 2-3
drops of lime juice was added for
enhancing the flavour and palatability.
Preparation of wheat grass powder
Fresh wheat grass was harvested
and shade dried for 2-3 days. It was then
made into fine powder with a stone
grinder. Five grams of wheat grass
powder was added in 100ml of water and
mixed thoroughly.
TABLE I
Proportion of Ingredients Used in the Preparation of
Wheat Grass Juice, Extract and Powder
Fresh Wheat
Supplement wheat Water grass
grass (g) (ml) powder (g)
Wheat grass juice 50 100
Wheat grass extract 50 100
Wheat grass powder 100 5
Lekha, L. and Kalpana, C.A.
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.54 (1), January - March 2017
56
Table I gives the proportion of
ingredients used in the preparation of
wheat grass juice, extract and powder
Conduct of supplementation
The selected diabetic employees
(60) were divided into three
experimental groups and one
control group of 15 members each.
Experimental group I was supplemented
with 100ml of wheat grass juice,
experimental group II was
supplemented with 100ml of wheat
grass extract and experimental group III
was supplemented with 5g of wheat
grass powder mixed in 100ml of water.
No supplementation was given to
control group. The supplementation
period was four months.
Effect of wheat grass juice, extract and powder
Anthropometric measurements
Anthropometric parameters like
height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI),
waist / hip ratio, skin fold thickness
were measured before and after
supplementation of wheat grass juice,
extract and powder.
Biochemical parameters
The impact of supplementation was
assessed in terms of biochemical
picture for three experimental groups
and control group before and after the
supplementation period. Three ml of
venous blood was drawn from the
selected diabetics. The blood samples
were obtained by vein puncture
procedure. The samples were used for
the estimation of blood glucose (Glucose
oxidase / peroxidase method), Serum
Total cholesterol (CHOD – PAP / End
point method), HDL cholesterol (Direct
HDL /Enzymatic method), VLDL
Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol and
HbA1C. Blood pressure of all the selected
diabetics was also measured.
Results and Discussion
Socio-economic background and dietary
pattern
Out of 60 diabetics, 83.3% belonged
to nuclear families, 16.7% of diabetics
belonged to joint families. Majority
(81.7%) of families had a monthly
income of more than Rs.7500. It was
observed that 58% of employees were
doing sedentary work, 10% of employees
were moderate workers and 32%
employees were involved in heavy work.
Majority of the diabetics (61.7%)
had family history of diabetes and 38.3%
of the diabetics had no family history of
diabetes. Majority of the diabetics were
non-vegetarians (76.7%) while 15%
diabetics were vegetarians and only
8.3% diabetics were ova-vegetarians.
A deficit in the intake of cereals,
pulses, green leafy vegetables, roots and
tubers, other vegetables, milk and milk
products, sugar and jaggery was seen in
all the three experimental groups and
control group. Deficit in energy, protein,
calcium, iron, β-carotene, thiamine,
Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Wheat Grass Juice, Extract and Powder on Diabetics
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The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.54 (1), January - March 2017
riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C was
also present. An excess of fat intake was
seen in both experimental groups and
control group.
Changes in anthropometric measurements
Changes in the anthropometric
measurements of selected diabetics
before and after supplementation are
given in Table II.
Height
Height measurements indicated
no difference between the initial and
final values among all in the
experimental and control group. The
mean values for height were found to be
not significant (NS) for all the groups,
as the selected subjects were adults.
Weight
Among the experimental groups,
Group II supplemented with wheat grass
TABLE II
Anthropometric Measurements (Mean ± SD) of the Diabetics Before and After Supplementation
(N= 60)
Parameters Before After Difference ‘t’ value
supplementation supplementation
Height (cm)
Group I 160.3 ± 5.56 161.0 ± 5.36 0.7 ± 0.2 1.47 NS
Group II 162.2 ± 8.34 162.2 ± 8.34 0 ± 0 0.00 NS
Group III 159.9 ± 4.85 159.9 ± 4.86 0 ± 0.01 1.43 NS
Control 162.6 ± 6.81 162.6 ± 6.81 0 ± 0 0.00 NS
Weight (kg)
Group I 62.1 ± 6.99 61.5 ± 7.16 – 0.6 ± 0.17 2.85*
Group II 67.7 ± 11.33 67.1 ± 11.10 – 0.6 ± 0.2 3.02**
Group III 68.8 ± 11.15 68.3 ± 10.96 – 0.5 ± 0.19 3.01**
Control 64.0 ± 10.42 64.0 ± 10.36 0 ± 0.06 1.00NS
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Group I 24.0 ± 2.44 23.7 ± 2.58 – 0.3 ± 0.14 2.78*
Group II 25.4 ± 3.50 25.25 ± 3.53 – 0.15 ± 0.03 2.90*
Group III 27.0 ± 5.09 26.8 ± 5.0 – 0.2 ± 0.09 2.73*
Control 24.2 ± 4.05 24.2 ± 4.03 0 ± 0.02 1.00NS
Waist / Hip ratio
Group I 1.0 ± 0.23 0.8 ± 0.14 – 0.2 ± 0.09 7.06*
Group II 0.8 ± 0.08 0.8 ± 0.06 0 ± 0.02 6.02*
Group III 0.9 ± 0.14 0.8 ± 0.08 – 0.1 ± 0.06 4.67*
Control 1.02 ± 0.15 1.02 ± 0.15 0 ± 0 1.60NS
** Significant at one per cent level; * Significant at five per cent level NS-Not significant
Group I - wheat grass juice Group II - wheat grass extract
Group III - wheat grass powder Control - no supplementation
Lekha, L. and Kalpana, C.A.
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.54 (1), January - March 2017
58
extract showed a significant difference
in weight when compared to groups
I and III.
Body mass index (BMI)
Experimental groups I, II and III
showed a five per cent level of
significance in BMI between initial and
final values, whereas control group
showed no significant difference.
Waist/ Hip ratio
Changes in the initial and final
values of experimental groups I, II and
III showed five per cent level of
significance.
Changes in biochemical profile
Blood glucose
The effect of supplementation of
wheat grass juice, extract and powder on
blood glucose levels and HbA1C are
presented in Table III.
The mean initial blood glucose
level of the experimental groups
(I, II and III) and control group were above
the normal range (80-120 mg /dl). The
TABLE III
Blood Glucose and Hba1c Levels (Mean ± SD) of Selected Diabetics before and After Supplementation
(N= 60)
Parameters Before After Difference ‘t’ value
supplementation supplementation
Fasting blood glucose
level (mg/dl)
Group I 181.0 ± 27.30 143.5 ± 30.86 37.4 ± 3.56 17.69**
Group II 179.5 ± 18.36 146.6 ± 22.43 32.9 ± 4.07 4.09**
Group III 178.6 ± 22.26 151.0 ± 18.62 27.6 ± 3.64 14.10**
Control 182.8 ± 22.02 184.2 ± 20.87 1.4 ± 1.15 1.31NS
Post prandial blood
glucose level (mg/dl)
Group I 264.2 ± 54.72 201.2 ± 49.49 63 ± 5.23 25.55**
Group II 250.9 ± 28.87 190.6 ± 21.82 60.3 ± 7.05 20.48**
Group III 249.7 ± 43.51 210.7 ± 31.01 39 ± 12.5 8.10**
Control 263.6 ± 46.49 265.4 ± 41.35 1.8 ± 5.14 0.61NS
HbA1C (%)
Group I 9.7 ± 1.56 7.2 ± 0.96 2.5 ± 0.6 10.60**
Group II 8.7 ± 0.90 6.6 ± 0.72 2.1 ± 0.18 11.47*
Group III 8.2 ± 0.58 6.7 ± 0.44 1.5 ± 0.14 17.59**
Control group 8.8 ± 1.22 8.70 ± 1.24 0.1 ± 0.02 3.56**
** Significant at one per cent level; * Significant at five per cent level NS-Not significant
Group I - wheat grass juice Group II - wheat grass extract
Group III - wheat grass powder Control - no supplementation
Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Wheat Grass Juice, Extract and Powder on Diabetics
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The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.54 (1), January - March 2017
TABLE IV
Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure (Mean ± SD) of the Selected Diabetics Before and After Supplementation
(N= 60)
Parameters Before After Difference ‘t’ value
supplementation supplementation
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
Group I 214.5 ± 42.17 195.3 ± 37.32 19.2 ± 4.85 7.02**
Group II 206.6 ± 18.51 196.2 ± 14.20 10.4 ± 4.31 5.72**
Group III 218.2 ± 14.87 208.9 ± 15.34 9.3 ± 0.47 6.77**
Control 214.6 ± 14.05 214.8 ± 14.16 0.2 ± 0.11 1.87NS
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)
Group I 140.3 ± 18.01 132.2 ± 19.16 8.1 ± 1.15 5.68**
Group II 146.2 ± 17.60 133.0 ± 16.45 13.2 ± 1.15 14.21**
Group III 146.8 ± 10.53 141.0 ± 10.82 5.8 ± 0.29 6.46**
Control 140.8 ± 10.02 141.4 ± 10.21 0.6 ± 0.19 3.22**
VLDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)
Group I 34.5 ± 4.93 29.3 ± 5.66 5.2 ± 0.73 6.64**
Group II 34.1 ± 7.51 29.6 ± 6.27 4.5 ± 1.24 3.38**
Group III 38.4 ± 8.66 35.9 ± 8.19 2.5 ± 0.47 2.48*
Control group 34.5 ± 5.95 34.9 ± 5.47 0.4 ± 0.48 2.10*
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)
Group I 34.4 ± 5.58 38.7 ± 4.95 4.3 ± 0.63 5.71**
Group II 34.8 ± 3.7 39.7 ± 2.04 4.9 ± 1.66 6.93*
Group III 33.8 ± 3.85 36.6 ± 3.54 2.8 ± 0.31 6.05*
Control group 34.8 ± 1.80 35.0 ± 1.86 0.2 ± 0.06 1.87NS
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Group I 155.4 ± 38.55 149.8 ± 36.45 5.6 ± 2.16 5.60**
Group II 147.4 ± 36.78 143.0 ± 33.71 4.4 ± 3.07 4.22**
Group III 173.0 ± 25.0 170.6 ± 25.17 2.4 ± 0.17 3.00**
Control group 150.2 ± 12.94 150.8 ± 12.27 0.6 ± 0.67 0.89NS
** Significant at one per cent level; * Significant at five per cent level NS-Not significant
Group I - wheat grass juice Group II - wheat grass extract
Group III - wheat grass powder Control - no supplementation
Lekha, L. and Kalpana, C.A.
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.54 (1), January - March 2017
60
mean decrease of fasting blood glucose
level in experimental group I, II, III and
control group were 37.4, 32.9, 27.6 and
1.4 mg /dl respectively. The mean
decrease of post prandial blood glucose
level in experimental groups I, II, III,
control group were 63, 60.3, 39 and
1.8 mg /dl respectively. Statistically
significant at one per cent level in all
the three experimental groups, no
significant difference was observed
among the control group.
The mean reduction in HbA1C
showed a one per cent level of
significance for experimental groups I
and III.
Lipid profile
The effect of supplementation of
wheat grass juice, extract and powder on
the lipid profile and blood pressure of
the diabetics are presented in Table IV.
The mean reduction in total
cholesterol levels showed one per cent
level of significance for all three
experimental groups and no significant
reduction was seen in control group.
High fibre supplement lowered total
cholesterol by about 19.2 % and reduced
LDL cholesterol to 13.2%. All three
experimental groups exhibited a
significant difference in initial and final
values at one per cent level.
The difference in VLDL cholesterol
levels of experimental group I and II
was significant at one per cent level and
the same was observed between
experimental group III and control
group. The levels reduced from 34.5 to
29.3 in group I showing maximum
reduction in groups II and III. All three
experimental groups showed a
significant difference in their HDL
cholesterol (p<0.01). Control group
showed no significant difference. The
mean reduction in blood pressure was
significant (p<0.01) for experimental
groups I, II and III. The mean increment
in blood pressure was not significant for
control group.
Conclusion
Wheat grass products namely
juice, extract and powder exhibited
hypoglycemic potential among the
selected diabetics. The effect of wheat
grass juice was comparatively higher in
terms of changes in anthropometric
measurement and biochemical profile.
Thus, it can be concluded that wheat
grass juice is more effective in the
treatment of diabetes mellitus among
adults and long term supplementation
could be carried out for better blood
glucose level reduction.
Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Wheat Grass Juice, Extract and Powder on Diabetics
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The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.54 (1), January - March 2017
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Article
Full-text available
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ethnicity on the association between age and body mass index as well as the prevalence of diabetes. We selected population-based studies carried out after 1980 in the DECODE/A studies representing different ethnic groups: 11 European, 1 Maltese, 3 Indian, 2 Chinese and 3 Japanese surveys. The total numbers of subjects were 14,240 men and 15,129 women who were 30 to 89 years of age. Diabetes was diagnosed according to the 1999 World Health Organization criteria based on a standard 75 g OGTT. Sex-specific prevalence of diabetes by age and BMI was stratified by ethnic group, in particular the interaction of ethnicity on the associations between age/BMI and the prevalence of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in studies from India and Malta compared to Japan, China, and the rest of Europe. The association between BMI and diabetes, adjusted for age, showed noticeable differences between the ethnic groups with an increase in prevalence starting at a BMI between 15 and 20 kg/m(2) in the Maltese and Indian populations compared to 25 kg/m(2 )in Europeans. The effect of BMI on the age-adjusted prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was modified by ethnicity with considerably lower thresholds in Indian and Maltese subjects compared to those from the rest of Europe. This difference should be reflected in national and international recommendations regarding "optimal" BMI.
Article
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India leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects earning the dubious distinction of being termed the "diabetes capital of the world". According to the Diabetes Atlas 2006 published by the International Diabetes Federation, the number of people with diabetes in India currently around 40.9 million is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025 unless urgent preventive steps are taken. The so called "Asian Indian Phenotype" refers to certain unique clinical and biochemical abnormalities in Indians which include increased insulin resistance, greater abdominal adiposity i.e., higher waist circumference despite lower body mass index, lower adiponectin and higher high sensitive C-reactive protein levels. This phenotype makes Asian Indians more prone to diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. At least a part of this is due to genetic factors. However, the primary driver of the epidemic of diabetes is the rapid epidemiological transition associated with changes in dietary patterns and decreased physical activity as evident from the higher prevalence of diabetes in the urban population. Even though the prevalence of microvascular complications of diabetes like retinopathy and nephropathy are comparatively lower in Indians, the prevalence of premature coronary artery disease is much higher in Indians compared to other ethnic groups. The most disturbing trend is the shift in age of onset of diabetes to a younger age in the recent years. This could have long lasting adverse effects on nation's health and economy. Early identification of at-risk individuals using simple screening tools like the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and appropriate lifestyle intervention would greatly help in preventing or postponing the onset of diabetes and thus reducing the burden on the community and the nation as a whole.
Dietary Management of Diabetes Mellitus, Wellness and Preventive Care Article
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Kasturi, S.R. Dietary Management of Diabetes Mellitus, Wellness and Preventive Care Article, 2008, 15.
Diabetes in India: Current status, Industry voice Article
  • G Rajiv
Rajiv, G. Diabetes in India: Current status, Industry voice Article, 2008, 111-115.
Chlorophyll: A potent prophylactic and curative substance, In: Panacea on the Earth -Wheat grass juice
  • D Gala
  • D R Gala
  • S Gala
Gala, D., Gala, D.R. and Gala, S. Chlorophyll: A potent prophylactic and curative substance, In: Panacea on the Earth -Wheat grass juice, Navneet Publications (India) Limited, 2009, 25-30.
Wheat grass juice -an amazing health food, The Wheat Grass Book
  • W Ann
Ann, W. Wheat grass juice -an amazing health food, The Wheat Grass Book, Ann Wigmore Avery Publishing Group Inc. 1993.