Article

A Five-Factor Asset Pricing Model

April 2015
CFA Digest 45(4)

DOI:10.2469/dig.v45.n4.1

Authors:

Pengujian Fama & French Three Factor terhadap Return Saham Perusahaan Jasa yang Terdaftar di Indeks IDX80 Saat Pandemi Covid-19

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Jun 2022

p> This study shows the Fama & French Three Factors of weekly stock returns during the pandemic. Of the three variables, only the market variable has a significant effect on returns and has the strongest influence. Meanwhile, the variable size, book to market and the number of Covid-19 cases are not significant to the return. Simultaneously, market variables, size, book to market and the number of Covid-19 cases together or simultaneously have an influence on returns. The magnitude of the simultaneous influence of these variables is 31.02%. </p

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Jun 2020

Antonella Puca

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

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Is ESG a systematic risk factor for US equity mutual funds?

October 2017 · Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment

Ick Jin

On the outperformance of responsible investing (RI) which incorporates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) into investment decisions, the empirical evidence to date is inconsistent from the viewpoint of ex-post performance. This paper tries to explain the nature of return differential between RI and conventional investing within the well-known risk-return paradigm. From the viewpoint of ... [Show full abstract] ex-ante equity risk premium, the five factor model of Fama and French [2015. “A Five-factor Asset Pricing Model.” Journal of Financial Economics 116: 1–22] combined with a ESG-related factor applies to returns on 1,425 US open-end equity funds for the period from April 2009 to December 2016. Empirical findings include that US open-end equity funds tend to hedge the ESG-related systematic risk, and that the exposure to ESG-related systematic risk is significantly priced in the market. The result implies that RI provides the downside protection against ESG-related systematic risk which is not reduced even through extensive diversification.

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European equity markets: Who is the truly representative investor?

March 2019 · The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance

While most asset pricing models assume the perspective of the representative investor, the globalization of financial markets makes it difficult to know who the investors whose marginal utility determines market prices really are. Since the majority of investment in European financial markets comes from European countries, we study the performance of the consumption-capital asset pricing model ... [Show full abstract] (CCAPM) in the equity markets of the three largest European economies: France, Germany and the United Kingdom. For each nation, we price 25 portfolios sorted by size and book-to-market equity, 30 industry portfolios and 25 portfolios sorted by ROE and asset growth, using both domestic and foreign consumption growth as factors. In order to account for the variability of the parameters over time, we employ a scaled factor model, with the domestic consumer confidence index (CCI) and the consumption-wealth ratio (cay) as instruments. We show that the multi-CCAPM scaled by the CCI performs significantly better than the classic CCAPM, providing results comparable to those of the Fama-French five-factor model.

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International Tests of a Five-Factor Asset Pricing Model

January 2018 · CFA Digest

Clifford S. Ang

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Are the East Asian markets integrated? Evidence from the ICAPM

September 2003 · Journal of Economics and Business

We test a conditional international asset pricing model with both world market and domestic risk included as independent pricing factors for five East Asian markets, the US and World markets. We model second moments and risk exposures using a bi-diagonal multivariate GARCH(1,1) process. We document that this novel GARCH specification provides a significantly better fit of the return process than ... [Show full abstract] a standard diagonal specification. Although exposure to world market risk carries a significant premium across all markets, we find little support for the hypothesis that exposure to residual country risk is rewarded. However, residual country returns are significantly related to exchange rate changes. Hence, we find surprisingly little evidence of market segmentation in East Asia over the period 1985–1998.

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Pricing of collectibles: Baedeker guidebooks

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We analyze the prices of Baedeker guidebooks issued between 1828 and 1945 in the English, French and German languages. We compile a repeat sales regression index of eBay hammer prices, which reveals a common factor in Baedeker guidebook prices. We find mixed evidence on the underperformance of masterpieces (defined as the most expensive guidebooks). No significant difference is found between the ... [Show full abstract] average returns of masters and those of non-masters; however, under a five-factor asset-pricing model consisting of Carhart’s four factors and the Pástor-Stambaugh liquidity factor, only masterpieces exhibit significant underperformance. The average price levels of the US, UK and Continental European Baedeker markets do not differ significantly, indicating that the law of one price cannot be rejected. The Baedeker market posts significant negative abnormal returns between 2005 and 2009; however, this result is not found for returns of German-language and non-master guidebooks.

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The five-factor asset pricing model tests for the Chinese stock market

February 2017 · Pacific-Basin Finance Journal

We provide out-of-sample tests of the five-factor model introduced by Fama and French (2015a) for the Chinese stock market. We find strong size, value and profitability patterns in average returns, but weak investment pattern. For portfolios we test, we find that the profitability factor significantly improves the description of average return, however, the investment factor makes marginal ... [Show full abstract] contributions. Factor spanning tests prove that the investment factor is redundant during 07/1995–06/2015 and 07/1997–12/2013 for the Chinese stock market. More importantly, the five-factor model passes the GRS tests of Gibbons et al. (1989) for most of portfolios we test.

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Explaining Equity Anomalies in Frontier Markets: A Horserace of Factor Pricing Models

June 2019 · Emerging Markets Finance and Trade

We are the first to compare the explanatory power of the major empirical asset pricing models over equity anomalies in the frontier markets. We replicate over 160 stock market anomalies in 23 frontier countries for years 1996–2017 and evaluate their performance with the factor models. The Carhart’s four-factor model outperforms both the recent Fama and French five-factor model and the q-model by ... [Show full abstract] Hou, Xue, and Zhan. Its superiority is driven by the ability to explain the momentum-related anomalies. Inclusion of additional profitability and investment factors lead to no further major improvement in the performance. Nonetheless, none of the models is able to fully explain the abnormal returns on all of the anomaly portfolios.

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The puzzling media effect in the Chinese stock market

April 2018 · Pacific-Basin Finance Journal

Tzu-Lun Huang

Due to tight control over the media, whether the media effect exists in China has been a much-debated question. This study focuses on Chinese stock markets and reports a different media effect on stock returns. Empirical results show that large firms, growth firms, and firms with high leverage are more frequently featured in media reports. Moreover, stocks frequently reported in the news yield ... [Show full abstract] higher stock returns than those less covered by the media. Stocks with much media coverage also exhibit significantly higher alphas in the Fama-French five-factor model. The results are robust to model settings and to well-known risk factors. Controlling for size, further analyses reveal that the media effect moderates the size effect and appears to be more pronounced among small stocks. An increase in media coverage tends to result in positive price pressures in the current month followed by a return reversal in the long run. The return pattern caused by abnormal increases in media coverage also supports the attention theory.

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Idiosyncratic Risk in Emerging Market

October 2017

Marselinus Asri

The purpose of research is to investigate the accrual principles in Accounting that contained in the Company's Financial Statements. The accrual principle is reflected in the Balance Sheet and Income Statement. Accrual measurements in the Balance Sheet are measured using PersistenceCurrent Operating Accrual, Persistence Non-Current Operating Accrual. Idiosyncratic risk reflects the specific ... [Show full abstract] information about the company and it will fluctuate according to the information itself. To measure the idiosyncratic risk in this study five factors of Fama-French Model were used (Fama and French 2014). Asset Pricing Measurement uses the Dividend Disscounted Model to predict stock prices. The samples used in this study are listed below. The Manufacturing Company is selected with consideration for accrual measurement of accounts receivable, inventory, investment and liabilities. The sample was chosen by purposive random sampling method. The number of samples generated by this method is 145 companies with full reports for 2010-2015. Using the SEM AMOS Ver.24 and Sobel Test Path Analysis, the results show that Current Operating Accrual has a negative and significant relationship to the idiosyncratic risk and stock price. For non-Current Operating Accrual variables have positive and significant relation. By using Sobel Test, the test result shows that idiosyncratic risk has mediation effect in Persistence Current Operating Accrual, Non-Current Operating Accrual relationship to stock price.

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The Five-Factor Asset Pricing Model: Applications to the Korean Stock Market

June 2016 · The Journal of Eurasian Studies

This paper represents an attempt at empirically assessing the applicability of the Fama and French five-factor model in explaining the cross-sectional variation of stock returns for the South Korean market. The Fama and French (2015) five-factor model is an augmentation of the existing and widely recognized Fama and French (1993) three-factor asset pricing model that incorporates two ... [Show full abstract] additional factors, namely the profitability and investment factors. Although the three-factor model has been shown to explain the cross-section of stock return for the U.S. and other developed countries reasonably well, it has not had much success in explaining the cross-section of stock returns for the Korean market. Many researchers have since sought to identify alternative asset pricing models that could serve as the benchmark empirical asset pricing model that would be more applicable for Korea. Along the same lines, the analysis conducted in this paper hopes to test if the revised five-factor model that incorporates the profitability and investment factors is able to alleviate some of the issues the three-factor model has had in explaining the cross-section of stock returns for Korea. Monthly returns on common stocks, excluding financial firms, listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) as well as the relevant accounting information were obtained for the 1992~2013 period. This data was used to obtain the Size (market capitalization), B/M (book-to-market), OP (operating profitability), and Inv (investment) variables, which are subsequently used to obtain the Size-B/M, Size-OP, and Size-Inv portfolios. In order to investigate the Size-B/M, Size-OP, and Size-Inv effects, we construct portfolios by independently sorting firms into four groups for each of the two variables under observation (three 4x4 independently sorted factor portfolios), similar to the way in which Fama and French (1993) constructed their Size-B/M portfolios. Following the methodology outlined in Fama and French (2015), the Size-B/M, Size-OP and Size-Inv patterns in average returns were first examined in order to determine if the size, value, profitability and investment effects can be explained. The average excess returns for portfolios formed on Size-B/M, Size-OP, and Size-Inv displayed patterns that we expected them to have, whereby average excess return decreases with Size and investment but increases with B/M and profitability. These results showed that the spread in average excess returns for our sample of Korean stock returns exhibits patterns that are in line with the five factors used in the model. In order to estimate the magnitude of the risk premium associated with the size, value, profitability and investment effects, factor mimicking portfolios designed to capture the impact of the various effects were constructed, similar to the methodology used by Fama and French (1993, and 2015). The five constructed mimicking portfolios consists of the MKT, SMB, HML, RMW, and CMA factors whereby MKT represents the market risk premium factor, SMB represents the size factor (Small-Minus-Big), HML represents the value factor (High-Minus-Low), RMW represents the profitability factor (Robust- Minus-Weak), and CMA represents the investment factor (Conservative-Minus-Aggressive). Using these factors, cross-sectional regressions based on the Fama and MacBeth methodology (1973) were conducted on the Size-B/M, Size-OP and Size-Inv value-weighted portfolios in order to determine model performance by looking at the intercepts and relevant slopes for the three (MKT, SMB, and HML) or five factors (MKT, SMB, HML, RMW, and CMA) depending on the model used. The results of the Fama-MacBeth regressions conducted using the Size-B/M, Size-OP and Size-Inv test assets for the three-factor and five-factor models show that the only statistically significant factor risk premium for both models regardless of the test asset used is the SMB. Consistent with the results obtained in prior research, the factor risk premium for HML is shown to be insignificant. Although the results could have been driven by the use of a different time period that incorporates the 2007~2008 financial crisis in the analysis, with the exception of the Size-OP test assets, the pricing error () for the cross-sectional regressions shows up as being significantly different from zero, suggesting that both the Fama and French three-and five-factor models should be rejected. Comparing between the Fama and French three- and five-factor models, it is evident from the results that the five-factor model fares equally poorly as the three-factor model in explaining the cross-sectional variation of stock returns for the Korean market and the addition of the profitability and investment factors does not help to improve the performance of the model. Hence, there is insufficient empirical evidence that would support the use of either factor models as a benchmark asset pricing model for the Korean stock market. However, the analysis conducted in this paper has its limitations and represents only an initial attempt at assessing the applicability of the Fama and French five-factor model. In order to reach a more definitive conclusion, an expanded and more comprehensive analysis would be required and is left as a suggestion for future research.

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Evidence to Support Multifactor Asset Pricing Models: The Case of The Istanbul Stock Exchange

April 2013 · Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting

Ulas Unlu

The objective of this study is to test, instead of the single factor CAPM, the power of three factor, four factor and five factor models to explain stock returns for the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). The test results of all models in the ISE indicate that the models are applicable. During the period covering July 1992-June 2011 it is consequently established that, in addition to the market risk, ... [Show full abstract] size, book to market ratio, momentum and liquidity factors also constitute significant risk factors that affect the expected stock returns in the ISE and that the risk premiums belonging to these five factors are priced by the market.

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Stock pricing in Latin America: The synchronicity effect

March 2019 · Emerging Markets Review

This paper investigated whether the stock price synchronicity level (SPSL) is a pricing factor in the Latin American scenario. To do so, the shares with the highest liquidity level listed in the stock exchange in five Latin American (LA) countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru) were used. The results indicated that the SPSL is associated with a positive premium. This premium was ... [Show full abstract] obtained by the CAPM model and by the Fama-French three- and five-factor models. There was evidence that the average SPSL increases in periods of greater turmoil in the financial markets. Moreover, it was found that the SPSLs are not associated monotonically with the efficiency levels of stock prices. Overall, the use of the SPSL factor in asset pricing models reduced the bias in estimating the stock premiums in LA.