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Man's Search for Meaning : An Introduction to Logotheraphy / V.E. Frankl.
... Logoterapinin üç ilkesi (anlam iradesi, yaşamın anlamı ve irade özgürlüğü), yaşamın anlamını ararken bize rehberlik etmektedir. "Anlam iradesi", bireyler için temel motivasyon kaynağı olarak kabul edilir ve tüm acılara rağmen devam etmemize yardımcı olan, çeşitli yaşamsal durumlarda yakaladığımız anlamlardır (14). Diğer ilke olan "yaşamın anlamı", ontolojik yaşam anlayışımızı, diğer bir deyişle, acılar da dahil olmak üzere yaşamın her durumda ve koşulda bir anlamı olduğu inancını ifade etmektedir. ...
... Manevi boyut, bize hayatta anlam bulma olanaklarını sağlayan eşsiz bir insani boyut olarak kabul edilir. Manevi boyuttan iki benzersiz insan kapasitesi vurgulanmaktadır: kendinden uzaklaşma ve kendini aşma (14,17). Kendimize mesafe koymak, mevcut sorunla dolu durumumuzla aramıza mesafe koyabildiğimizi gösterir ve karşılığında durumlara tepki verme özgürlüğümüzü yeniden deneyimlememize olanak tanır. ...
... Yaşlı bireylerde bu belirtiler, emeklilik, sosyal çevrenin daralması ve fiziksel sağlığın bozulması gibi yaşam değişiklikleriyle tetiklenebilir. Frankl, depresyonun genellikle bir "varoluşsal boşluk" sonucu ortaya çıktığını öne sürer (14). Hayatta artık amaç veya anlam bulamama duygusuyla karşı karşıya kalındığında bu boşluk daha belirgin hale gelir. ...
Bu çalışma, geriatrik logoterapinin sosyal hizmet alanında uygulanabilirliğini inceleyen bir derleme çalışmasıdır. Geriatrik logoterapi, yaşlı bireylerin yaşamlarının ileri dönemlerinde karşılaştıkları psikososyal sorunları ele almayı amaçlayan ve onların anlam arayışlarına rehberlik ederek yaşam kalitesini ve psikososyal refahlarını artırmayı hedefleyen bir terapi yöntemidir. Çalışmada, geriatrik logoterapi ile ilgili mevcut literatür taranmış ve sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının bu teknikleri nasıl kullanabileceği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, geriatrik logoterapinin, sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının yaşlılıkla ilgili depresyon, yalnızlık ve sosyal izolasyon gibi sorunlarla başa çıkmalarında etkili bir araç olduğu ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca geriatrik logoterapinin sosyal hizmet uygulamaları kapsamında yaşlı bireylerin psikososyal ihtiyaçlarını karşılamada önemli bir rol oynayabileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak geriatrik logoterapinin sosyal hizmet eğitim programlarına dahil edilmesi ve sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının bu alanda eğitim alarak uygulama becerilerini geliştirmeleri önerilmektedir.
... Logoterapi, yang dikembangkan oleh Viktor Frankl, merupakan pendekatan eksistensial yang menekankan bahwa pencarian makna hidup adalah motivasi utama manusia. Frankl berargumen bahwa manusia memiliki kapasitas untuk menemukan makna, bahkan dalam situasi yang paling sulit sekalipun, dan hal ini bisa menjadi kunci dalam proses pemulihan psikologis seseorang (Frankl, 2014). Logoterapi menawarkan perspektif yang berbeda dari terapi tradisional, karena tidak hanya berfokus pada gejala dan gangguan mental, tetapi juga membantu seseorang guna menemukan tujuan dan makna didalam hidup, yang sering kali hilang pada penderita gangguan mental seperti skizofrenia (Batthyany & Guttmann, 2016). ...
... Oleh karena itu, dalam intervensi logoterapi, self-esteem dan kebermaknaan hidup saling memperkuat satu sama lain, menjadikannya aspek penting yang harus dikaji secara bersamaan. Menurut teori logoterapi, individu yang mampu menemukan makna dalam hidup cenderung memiliki harga diri yang lebih tinggi serta potensi yang lebih baik untuk menangani kesulitan hidup (Frankl, 2014). Dalam skizofrenia, di mana gangguan persepsi dan pemikiran sering mengaburkan pandangan tentang dunia dan diri sendiri, pencarian makna hidup dapat berfungsi sebagai jembatan untuk menghubungkan kembali dengan tujuan dan nilai-nilai yang lebih besar, sehingga memungkinkan individu melihat diri dalam cahaya yang lebih positif dan bermakna (Hofer et al., 2020). ...
... Efektivitas logoterapi dalam meningkatkan self-esteem dapat dijelaskan melalui pendekatan eksistensialnya, yang menekankan pentingnya menemukan makna dalam hidup sebagai sumber motivasi dan arah (Frankl, 2014). Pada penderita skizofrenia, yang sering kali merasa hidup tidak berarti dan penuh penderitaan, intervensi logoterapi membantu individu untuk menemukan dan menilai ulang nilai-nilai serta tujuan hidup. ...
The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of logotherapy to increase the level of self-esteem and increase the meaning of life in individuals who experience residual schizophrenic disorder. The pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest method was used as the research design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. A total of 6 people with an age range of 21-50 years were used as research participants, this was due to the limited population that met the inclusion criteria and the logotherapy approach which is in-depth and requires intensive involvement in each therapy session. The instruments used are the Indonesian version of the RSES for self-esteem and the Indonesian version of the MLQ to measure the meaning of life, these measuring instruments have been tested for validity and reliability. The therapy technique uses existential analysis from logotherapy. Data analysis technique using paired sample t test. The research results showed that there was a significant difference in self-esteem. This is based on the t test with a p value which obtained a value of 0.000 <0.005. Then there is also a significant difference in the meaning of life, as proven by the t test analysis with a p value which obtained a value of 0.000 <0.005. According to statistical data analysis, it can be concluded that logotherapy using existential analysis techniques can increase the level of self-esteem and increase the meaning of life in individuals who experience residual schizophrenic disorders. These findings can be the basis for the development of broader psychological therapy programs in the rehabilitation of schizophrenia sufferers, especially in improving their quality of life. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas logoterapi untuk meningkatkan tingkat self-esteem dan meningkatkan kebermaknaan hidup pada individu yang mengalami gangguan skizofrenia residual. Metode pra eksperimen one group pretest-posttest dipakai menjadi desain penelitian. Teknik sampling dengan memanfaatkan purposive sampling. Sejumlah 6 orang dengan rentang usia 21-50 tahun digunakan sebagai partisipan penelitian, hal ini disebabkan oleh keterbatasan populasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi serta pendekatan logoterapi yang bersifat mendalam dan membutuhkan keterlibatan intensif dalam setiap sesi terapi. Instrument yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan RSES versi Indonesia untuk self-esteem dan MLQ versi Indonesia untuk mengukur makna hidup, alat ukur tersebut sudah teruji validatas dan reliabiltasnya. Teknik terapi menggunakan analisis eksistensial dari logoterapi. Teknik analisa data dengan paired sample t test. Penelitian diperoleh hasil yaitu self-esteem terdapat perbedaan signifikan. Hal ini berdasarkan uji t dengan p value yang memperoleh nilai 0,000 <0,005. Lalu terdapat pula perbedaan makna hidup yang signifikan, terbukti dengan analisis uji t dengan p value yang memperoleh nilai 0,000 <0,005. Menurut analisis data statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa logoterapi dengan teknik analisis eksistensial dapat meningkatkan tingkat self-esteem dan meningkatkan kebermaknaan hidup pada individu yang mengalami gangguan skizofrenia residual. Temuan ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan program terapi psikologis yang lebih luas dalam rehabilitasi penderita skizofrenia, khususnya dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup mereka.
... Exploramos la capacidad de tomar decisiones y la definición de nuestra identidad, y el impacto significativo en la sociedad. A través de la reflexión sobre las ideas de pensadores como Jean-Paul Sartre, Viktor Frankl y Karl Popper, se argumentará que la responsabilidad de elegir es un acto de empoderamiento que puede catalizar el cambio social y fomentar el bienestar común (Sartre, 1943) (Frankl, 1984) (Popper, 1944. ...
... Al asumir la responsabilidad de nuestras elecciones, crecemos como individuos,y también podemos inspirar a otros a hacer lo mismo. La capacidad de elegir una respuesta positiva ante la adversidad puede ser un faro de esperanza y fortaleza en tiempos de crisis (Frankl, 1984). ...
Resumen: El autor aborda la compleja relación entre libertad y responsabilidad en la democracia contemporánea, enfatizando que esta dualidad es esencial para el funcionamiento de sociedades democráticas. En un mundo cada vez más digitalizado, la interdependencia entre estas dos nociones se vuelve crítica, especialmente a la luz de eventos recientes como la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha evidenciado las tensiones entre la autonomía individual y las necesidades colectivas. La libertad, entendida como la capacidad de tomar decisiones, no es un derecho absoluto. Debe ejercerse con responsabilidad, considerando las consecuencias que nuestras acciones tienen sobre los demás. Esta responsabilidad colectiva es fundamental para la convivencia y el bienestar común, y su ausencia puede llevar a crisis sociales profundas. La reflexión sobre pensadores como Isaiah Berlin y Manuel Castells proporciona un marco teórico que ayuda a entender cómo las estructuras sociales influyen en la libertad individual y, a su vez, en la responsabilidad social. Además, el contexto digital plantea nuevos desafíos, ya que las redes sociales pueden amplificar tanto la libertad de expresión como la desinformación. Por lo tanto, la construcción de una democracia robusta requiere un equilibrio constante entre la libertad individual y la responsabilidad colectiva, así como un compromiso con la transparencia y la ética en la gestión pública. Abstract In this essay, author addresses the complex relationship between freedom and responsibility in contemporary democracy, emphasizing that this duality is essential for the functioning of democratic societies. In an increasingly digital world, the interdependence between these two notions becomes critical, especially in light of recent events like the COVID-19 pandemic, which has highlighted tensions between individual autonomy and collective needs. Freedom, understood as the capacity to make decisions, is not an absolute right. It must be exercised with responsibility, considering our actions on others. This collective responsibility is fundamental for coexistence and the common good, and its absence can lead to deep social crises. Reflection on thinkers like Isaiah Berlin and Manuel Castells provides a theoretical framework that helps to understand how social structures influence individual freedom and, in turn, social responsibility. Moreover, the digital context poses new challenges, as social media can amplify both freedom of expression and misinformation. Therefore, building a robust democracy requires a constant balance between individual liberty and collective responsibility, as well as a commitment to transparency and ethics in public management. Resumen: El autor aborda la compleja relación entre libertad y responsabilidad en la democracia contemporánea, enfatizando que esta dualidad es esencial para el funcionamiento de sociedades democráticas. En un mundo cada vez más digitalizado, la interdependencia entre estas dos nociones se vuelve crítica, especialmente a la luz de eventos recientes como la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha evidenciado las tensiones entre la autonomía individual y las necesidades colectivas. La libertad, entendida como la capacidad de tomar decisiones, no es un derecho absoluto. Debe ejercerse con responsabilidad, considerando las consecuencias que nuestras acciones tienen sobre los demás. Esta responsabilidad colectiva es fundamental para la convivencia y el bienestar común, y su ausencia puede llevar a crisis sociales profundas. La reflexión sobre pensadores como Isaiah Berlin y Manuel Castells proporciona un marco teórico que ayuda a entender cómo las estructuras sociales influyen en la libertad individual y, a su vez, en la responsabilidad social. Además, el contexto digital plantea nuevos desafíos, ya que las redes sociales pueden amplificar tanto la libertad de expresión como la desinformación. Por lo tanto, la construcción de una democracia robusta requiere un equilibrio constante entre la libertad individual y la responsabilidad colectiva, así como un compromiso con la transparencia y la ética en la gestión pública. Abstract In this essay, author addresses the complex relationship between freedom and responsibility in contemporary democracy, emphasizing that this duality is essential for the functioning of democratic societies. In an increasingly digital world, the interdependence between these two notions becomes critical, especially in light of recent events like the COVID-19 pandemic, which has highlighted tensions between individual autonomy and collective needs. Freedom, understood as the capacity to make decisions, is not an absolute right. It must be exercised with responsibility, considering our actions on others. This collective responsibility is fundamental for coexistence and the common good, and its absence can lead to deep social crises. Reflection on thinkers like Isaiah Berlin and Manuel Castells provides a theoretical framework that helps to understand how social structures influence individual freedom and, in turn, social responsibility. Moreover, the digital context poses new challenges, as social media can amplify both freedom of expression and misinformation. Therefore, building a robust democracy requires a constant balance between individual liberty and collective responsibility, as well as a commitment to transparency and ethics in public management.
... The search for meaning in life is a fundamental human need that significantly impacts psychological well-being and quality of life. Viktor Frankl (2006), through his logotherapy, emphasized that humans have an inherent drive to find meaning in their lives, and failure in this search can lead to various psychological issues, including feelings of emptiness and loss of direction. This concept has become increasingly relevant in the modern era, where social, academic, and economic pressures often make individuals feel lost and purposeless. ...
... Compared to previous studies, these findings align with Bastaman's (2007) research, which states that understanding life's meaning contributes to an individual's psychological well-being. Furthermore, Frankl's (2006) theory also supports that logotherapy can help individuals discover meaning in their lives, leading to increased selfconfidence and happiness. ...
The search for meaning in life is a fundamental aspect of an individual's psychological well-being. Adolescents, as individuals in the process of building their identities, often face challenges in discovering their life’s meaning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a psychoeducation program based on logotherapy (meaning-centered therapy) in enhancing students' understanding of life’s meaning and its impact on happiness and self-confidence. This study employs a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design without a control group. The research sample consists of students from SMP Negeri 7 Sawang, selected using the purposive sampling technique. The psychoeducation program was conducted through lectures, discussions, and reflections on life’s meaning, with evaluations carried out using a meaning-in-life scale instrument. The results indicate a significant increase in students' understanding after participating in the psychoeducation program. Students who previously had a low understanding of life’s meaning showed improved scores after the intervention and demonstrated more positive and confident attitudes. The conclusion of this study is that the logotherapy-based psychoeducation program effectively enhances students' understanding of life’s meaning. The implications of this study suggest that similar interventions can be integrated into school curricula to support students' psychological well-being. Future research is recommended to use a larger sample and consider experimental methods with a control group.
... This broad definition continues to evolve to include social and emotional well-being, as well as the capacity to add meaning to one's life (Nordenfelt, 1995). This multidimensional concept of health increasingly highlights existential health, the meaning of life, and living in alignment with one's existence as significant in modern societies (Frankl, 2006). ...
... In contrast, philosophical health aims to add broader meaning to individuals' lives, integrating ethical and existential dimensions into their perspectives (Yalom, 1980). Frankl's concept of logotherapy aligns with this view, emphasizing the development of a broader sense of purpose and meaning rather than merely solving immediate problems (Frankl, 2006). By integrating existential inquiries and fostering expansive perspectives, philosophical health can complement psychotherapy and environmental health practices. ...
... Життєва стабільність у зрілому віці також залежить від здатності особистості знайти сенс у своїй діяльності. Відповідно до логотерапії Віктора Франкла, пошук і реалізація сенсу життя є ключовим чинником психологічного благополуччя в зрілості [11]. ...
... Крім того, на цьому етапі важливим є вміння уникати зосередження на почуттях жалю чи провини за минулі помилки. Згідно з дослідженнями Віктора Франкла [11], прийняття свого досвіду й пошук сенсу навіть у складних обставинах є ключовим для збереження психологічного благополуччя в похилому віці. ...
У статті досліджено вікові особливості розвитку самодостатності особистості, що є ключовим складником її психологічного благополуччя й адаптивності. Розглянуто основні компоненти самодостатності, зокрема автономію, внутрішню цілісність і самооцінку, а також їх роль у формуванні самостійності й життєстійкості особистості на різних етапах життєвого циклу. Особливу увагу приділено віковим аспектам розвитку самодостатності: від дитинства, де формуються базові елементи автономії під впливом виховання та соціалізації, до похилого віку, коли самодостатність розглядається в контексті переосмислення життєвого досвіду й зниження фізичних і соціальних ресурсів. Проаналізовано зв’язок самодостатності з такими поняттями, як самореалізація, самоповага й емоційна зрілість, що дає змогу краще зрозуміти її місце в структурі особистості. Наведено огляд сучасних теорій, які висвітлюють визначення самодостатності та її ключові компоненти, а також запропоновано нові підходи до аналізу цього явища. Метою роботи є систематизація наукових даних щодо розвитку самодостатності й висвітлення її вікових аспектів, що сприяє визначенню пріоритетів у психологічній практиці та педагогічній діяльності. У результаті дослідження сформульовано висновки про значення самодостатності для особистісного розвитку та її роль у гармонізації міжособистісних взаємин. Наукова новизна статті полягає в комплексному підході до вивчення вікових аспектів розвитку самодостатності, ураховуючи вплив соціальних, психологічних та емоційних чинників. Отримані результати можуть стати основою для подальших досліджень у сфері розвитку особистості, а також для розробки практичних рекомендацій щодо формування самодостатності в різних вікових групах.
... Wydaje się, że wspomniany drugi aspekt ma donioślejsze znaczenie geragogiczne. Eksponuje bowiem zdolność osób starszych do samodzielnego nadawania sensu własnemu życiu i zarazem aktywnego jego kształtowania w świetle świadomości wyczerpujących się ich indywidualnych zasobów witalnych (Frankl, 2006). Sposób odniesienia się do śmierci może wzbudzać przeciwstawne reakcje psychologiczne i somatyczne. ...
... Plastyczność ta utożsamiana jest z możliwością bycia i stawania się na drodze osobowej autokreacji oraz wykraczającą poza ramy jednostkowego życia wartością osobistych dokonań, utrwalaną w pamięci innych ludzi w przekazie wewnątrz-i międzygeneracyjnym (Fabiś, Wąsiński, Čepelka, 2022;Fabiś, Wąsiński i Tomczyk, 2017;Wąsiński i Górniok--Naglik, 2018). Wiąże się ona z autorefleksyjnym i twórczym przeżywaniem siebie nie tylko jako podmiotu intencjonalnie kształtującego bieg własnego życia, ale też jako podmiotu samokształtującego się, odkrywającego siebie na drodze samopoznawania, samookreślania i samorozumienia (Frankl, 2006;Gander, 2017;Vazire i Wilson, 2012). ...
W artykule skoncentrowano się na uchwyceniu autokreacyjnej perspektywy radzenia sobie z lękiem egzystencjalnym przez aktywne edukacyjnie osoby starsze. Na tym etapie życia świadomość zbliżającej się śmierci jest rozbudzana regresywnymi zmianami psychosomatycznymi własnego organizmu. Są one wyrazem stopniowej utraty sił witalnych i pogarszającego się stanu zdrowia, a także coraz częściej powtarzających się zdarzeń śmierci osób z własnego pokolenia. Pogłębiające się wewnętrzne napięcie wznieca doznania związane z trudnymi do zniesienia przejawami lęku egzystencjalnego. Interesująca jest więc dyskusja nad instrumentalnym i autokreacyjnym kontekstem uruchamianych strategii ochronnych. Próbę uchwycenia subtelnych aspektów tego fenomenu podjęto w podejściu badań jakościowych. Dwuetapowe badania przeprowadzono wśród słuchaczy UTW. Pierwszy etap badań wiązał się ze swobodną narracją badanych w formie wypowiedzi pisemnych. Wyszczególnione wstępne kategorie stały się kanwą dla drugiego etapu badań, polegającego na przeprowadzeniu wywiadów swobodnych ukierunkowanych. W toku analizy metodą 3C M. Lichtman wygenerowano strukturę strategii wyzwalających oraz blokujących osobową autokreację osób starszych.
... Метод «антикроків» виник як спроба застосувати нестандартний підхід до подолання психологічного супротиву, який, очевидно, має наукові обґрунтування у працях відомих психологів. Зокрема, роботах Віктора Франкла -теорія парадоксального втручання, яка доводить, що гіперболізація та іронія допомагають подолати внутрішній супротив і страхи [7], Вільяма Міллера і Стівена Ролнікмотиваційне інтерв'ю, яке наголошує, що емоційна залученість та внутрішня мотивація є ключовими факторами змін [8], Валіда Саламе -дослідження про гумор у психотерапії, яке підтверджує, що іронія та комедійний підхід знижують тривожність і допомагають рефлексії. ...
The relevance of the study of the improvement directions of the rehabilitation system of individuals with different forms of chemical dependence is due to the tendency of constant quantitative increase of this category, especially against the background of economic instability, war and limited state support programs in Ukraine. The article attempts to rethink the traditional and recognized program for addicts «12 steps» through the prism of anti-steps and anti-reading methods. The method «Anti-steps» is defined as an alternative approach, which focuses on the circumvention of psychological protective mechanisms that block the rehabilitation process: denial, rationalization, projection, minimization of the problem, avoidance of responsibility. The aim of the article was to identify these mechanisms and form practical tools to overcome them. The author analyzed the basic principles of the 12-step program, substantiated the difficulties of perception of the provisions of this program by the rehabilitators and defined ways of its interpretation through antisteps. It is proven that the «Anti-steps» method can become an alternative approach in rehabilitation programs for addicts. The article presents the preliminary results of the use of the «Anti-steps» method in working with individuals who have various forms of chemical dependence and are undergoing a rehabilitation course based on the network of rehabilitation centers of the public organization «Restart+», as well as assessments and impressions of the rehabilitators obtained by interviewing. It was noted that the «Anti-steps» method allows to relieve tension, leads to a deeper awareness of their behavior by the rehabilitation and overcoming his internal barriers. The author concludes about the expediency and possibility of introducing the «Anti-steps» method to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation, outlines the next steps of the research in this direction.
... 5. Мотиваційні фактори та смисложиттєві орієнтації. Дослідження V. Frankl [3] доводять, що наявність чітких цілей та смислу життя, планування майбутнього допомагає особистості переживати кризові періоди. В умовах сучасної освітньої реальності студенти часто мотивовані патріотичними ідеями та прагненням до особистісного та професійного розвитку заради майбутнього країни. ...
... A significant body of research suggests that adverse life experiences can enhance mental functioning through increased personal growth, agency and environmental mastery, and sense of meaning and purpose (Erikson 1980;Frankl 1965;Maslow 1954;Meyer 2003;Park et al. 1996;Tedeschi and Calhoun 1996;Ryff and Singer 2003) in addition to subjective mental well-being such as happiness and life satisfaction (Seligman et al. 2005). This aligns with the dual continua model of mental health proposed by Keyes (1995), which posits that mental health disorders and positive mental health are two distinct outcomes resulting from life experiences. ...
This study contributes to the understanding and promotion of mental health among sexual minority college students by examining a comprehensive range of mental health outcomes, including psychological distress and indicators of well-being. Using survey data from 521 students at a US state university, we applied the minority stress model and the minority resilience model, while also considering the minority mental health paradox, to compare mental health outcomes between sexual minority and heterosexual students. Our findings indicate that sexual minority students report higher levels of depression, anxiety, and self-harming behaviors compared to their heterosexual peers. Additionally, they score lower on measures of positive mental health and well-being, including inner peace, environmental mastery, happiness, life satisfaction, life purpose, self-perceived health, and fulfilling relationships. We further found that sexual minority students exhibit lower resilience, largely due to insecurities related to safety, food, and housing. These findings underscore the need for targeted programs and services to support the well-being of sexual minority students and foster healthier college environments.
... Furthermore, benefit finding can only be considered a coping strategy if the discovery of benefits can be used to comfort the self during adversity. Similarly, Frankl [20] stressed that a person no longer suffers when he/she finds meaning in suffering. Additionally, a related concept, "psychological adjustment to stress", is not clearly defined in the literature. ...
Many studies were conducted during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to examine its impact on young people’s well-being. However, most studies are quantitative ones focusing on the negative impact of the pandemic on young people. In contrast, there are few studies examining the benefits of the pandemic using a qualitative methodology. Hence, we conducted focus group interviews to understand meaning-focused coping in 56 university students from late December 2022 to mid-January 2023 when Hong Kong was approaching the end of the pandemic. Thematic analysis using a deductive analytical approach based on the Revised Stress and Coping Model was applied during data analysis. The results showed that most students were able to generate positive experiences and emotions during the pandemic. Many of them reported improved mental well-being during the pandemic by infusing ordinary events with meaning. They engaged in adaptive goal processes by having a more positive attitude towards life. Students also found benefits in terms of enhanced personal strengths, better interpersonal relationships, and improved pandemic-related abilities. Furthermore, the current study compared the difference in the use of meaning-focused coping and perceived benefits by students with family or personal financial difficulties, students who coped well, and Mainland Chinese students studying in Hong Kong. This paper provides an alternative picture of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students.
... Meaning in life embodies the profound conviction that one's existence holds significance and purpose (Kagan et al. 2023;Aviad-Wilchek and Ne'eman-Haviv 2018). Frankl (1984) and theorists who followed him (Steger et al. 2006) underscored the pursuit of meaning as a fundamental aspect of human resilience for confronting difficulties and stress. Indeed, extensive research has consistently revealed that individuals who perceive their lives as meaningful tend to experience higher levels of subjective well-being, quality of life, and optimism (Minkkinen et al. 2020;Y ld r m et al. 2022). ...
Drawing upon the Social Cure theoretical framework, this study explores the intricate relationship between social inclusion, meaning in life, and resilience among Generation Z during the Israel‐Hamas war. Notably, this cohort encounters heightened challenges in fostering close social relationships, resulting in a diminished sense of social inclusion. The study comprised 317 Israeli Generation Z adults who completed a structured online questionnaire. Results revealed a positive association between social inclusion and resilience, mediated by the presence of meaning in life. These findings underscore the importance of social inclusion in times of crisis in predominantly individualist contemporary Western societies.
... Introducción Frankl (2006), en su conocido libro El hombre en busca de sentido, habló sobre la importancia de encontrar propósito o significado en la vida, incluso en las circunstancias más difíciles. Su compromiso con la búsqueda proactiva de significado ilustra los desarrollos de las últimas décadas en temas relevantes del campo de la psicología positiva, desarrollos que ya son esclarecedores.Por ejemplo, la literatura sobre el significado en la vida ha demostrado que éste tiene numerosos resultados positivos en la existencia de las personas: felicidad (Steger, 2019), salud física (Czekierda et al., 2017), salud mental (Van Zyl et al., 2020), satisfacción laboral y desempeño laboral (David e Iliescu, 2020), o satisfacción con la vida y conductas prosociales (Lin, 2021). ...
El objetivo de este trabajo es validar la Life Crafting Scale en español mediante análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC), así como contribuir a una comprensión más profunda del life crafting (“crafteo de vida”) en el campo de la psicología positiva. Se realizó una validación del cuestionario a través de un AFE y un AFC con una muestra de 179 trabajadores. El AFE reveló tres factores: crafteo cognitivo, búsqueda de apoyo social y búsqueda de desafíos. El AFC confirmó esta estructura trifactorial y validó el instrumento para el contexto español. La muestra se limitó a trabajadores españoles, por lo que se recomienda explorar el crafteo de vida en diferentes contextos culturales. Este estudio proporciona un instrumento válido en español para evaluar el crafteo de vida, enriquece la literatura en psicología positiva y proporciona herramientas para contextos aplicados. Con ello se respalda la estructura trifactorial de la Life Crafting Scale en español, y se ofrece una herramienta útil para evaluar cómo las personas crean significado y propósito en sus vidas.
... Etyczno-organizacyjna sfera NKB harmonizuje potrzebę autonomii osoby podmiotu bezpieczeństwa z rozmiarem obowiązków wobec państwa. Suwerenność podmiotu bezpieczeństwa służy rozwojowi własnemu i dobrej jakości życia 127 . Dobrostan ów zapewnia jakość jego ośmiu typów wartości 128 : 1) standard życia określający poziom cywilizacyjny egzystencji i pracy; 2) funkcjonowanie infrastruktury, np. ...
Kultura bezpieczeństwa może być rozpatrywana nie tylko jako zjawisko społeczne. Można również pod tym pojęciem rozumieć model teoretyczny.
Obejmuje on trzy główne pola badawcze: mentalno-duchowe, wspólnotowe i materialne. Autor prowadzi analizę subtelnych elementów bezpieczeństwa.
Wśród nich, poza prawdą, dobrem i pięknem, sztandarowymi są zaufanie i lojalność. Rozpatruje ich fundamentalną rolę jako potrzeb człowieka, który kształtuje rzeczywistość społeczną, a w niej swój dobrostan.
Monografia ta nie tylko budzi refleksję nad znaczeniem kultury bezpieczeństwa w społeczeństwie, ale może stanowić również wartościową lekturę dla badaczy i praktyków, poszukujących głębi rozumienia tego złożonego zagadnienia.
... In some cases, beliefs can lead to conflicts of conscience arising out of tension with scientific or societal norms, especially when dealing with situations in which people's lives are at stake (Jonsen et al. 2010;Sulaiman et al. 2022;Oldmixon and Calfano 2007;Elsayed et al. 2023). Obviously, religious beliefs influence the choices made in the face of fundamental human existential problems, such as the meaning of existence, death, and suffering (Frankl 1946;Batson and Schoenrade 1983). ...
The study of decision making is currently significant in various areas of knowledge, particularly in an interdisciplinary approach involving psychologists, economists, sociologists, cognitive scientists, and political scientists. This article explores the decision-making process in a new field: the mystical lived experience; i.e., approaches the perception of something present as unknown, the perception of mystery, within the decision-making process. It emphasizes that every perception requires a response, more or less conscious, and the mystical lived experience is no exception. The goal is to enhance our understanding and interpretation of the dynamics of mystical experience using a phenomenological analysis of the decision-making process as a hermeneutic key. The philosophical and anthropological background of this article draws from Karl Rahner’s transcendental experience, while the phenomenological and psychological perspective is informed by Louis Roy’s experiences of transcendence and Juan Martin Velasco’s studies on mysticism. The article first establishes the theoretical foundations of this new approach and then applies a decision-making analysis to the significant decisions made by St. Ignatius of Loyola, as detailed in his autobiography.
... VR, in this context, is not just a technological innovation; it appears to be a bridge between worlds, offering patients and families a way to connect when time and space seem insurmountable. It is a reminder that even in the most challenging moments, there is room for creativity, resilience, and hope (Frankl 2006). Mr. L. 's story is one of many, but it is one I will carry with me as I continue to explore the intersection of technology and humanity in palliative care. ...
... They stand for the intrinsic drive to be happy, give back to the community, and leave a lasting legacy, according to Maslow (1943). These goals, which are based on the philosophical notion that people are aspirational creatures, frequently take the form of looking for work that fits with one's values, skills, and passions (Frankl, 1985). In the interviews some of the participants declared that their dream careers were to be lawyers, doctors, soldiers, engineers, politicians and businessman. ...
This paper gives an overview of individual's dream career and their real career, using the teaching profession as a case study. Through the use of Philosophical concepts of phenomenon and noumenon, one can see the difference which may be seen between that which appears to them and the thing in itself. The process of data collection involved qualitative approach whereby evidence from the philosophical anthropology literature, interview guides and review of literature were used as tools for gathering da study revealed that in the teaching profession there are mixture of teachers who had different dream carriers. For example some of them were dreaming to become: lawyers, doctors, soldiers, engineers, politicians and businessman. The study also identified factors which influenced them to be teachers these factors included: advice from parents, poor economic background, poor performance in science subjects at ordinary level of secondary education, and safety nature of the teaching professional. A p who appreciates education and enjoys imparting knowledge, for instance, could logically want to become a teacher because they see it as a profession that blends their natural skills with the demands of society. A deeper consideration of one's purpose moral implications of promoting human flourishing are part of this deliberative process, which goes beyond simple utilitarianism (Maslow, 1943). Individuals attempt to strike a balance between self conflict between their own aspirations and the needs of reality. Philosophical traditions emphasize that reason helps people choose jobs that advance their own and their community's well flourishing (Aristotle, 2009). Therefore, choosing a job is not a single decision; rather, it is deeply rooted.
... Together with established sport psychology frameworks, such as the athletic retirement model (Taylor & Ogilvie, 1994), the athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2003), the scheme of change for sport psychology practice (SCSPP; Samuel & Tenenbaum, 2011), the integrated career change and transition framework (ICCT; Samuel et al., 2020), and the cultural transition model (Ryba et al., 2016), the authors promoted nearly created transition frameworks including two transition environment (TE) models focusing on the TE description and success factors , and the meta-model of adaptation in sport (MAS; Samuel et al., 2024). The classic model of human adaptation in transitions (Schlossberg, 1981), an existential theoretical perspective (e.g., Frankl, 2006), and the conservation of resources model (COR; Hobfoll, 2011) can be seen as examples of successful interdisciplinary theoretical transfers enriching the sport psychology transition practice (see Giffin et al., 2025;Nahum, 2025;Oblinger-Peters, 2025;Zamora-Solé et al., 2025). 6. ...
... Finally, drawing on Chinese philosophy, Wong (2011) has long emphasised B/H as central to wellbeing. Indeed, his notion "mature happiness" (Wong & Bowers, 2018) even means an optimal balance between the presence and absence of suffering: he not only agrees with Frankl (1963) that meaning can be found even amidst life's difficulties, but further argues that suffering is actually necessary to attain the deepest forms of wellbeing. ...
Although the concepts of balance and harmony are increasingly appreciated as important in research on wellbeing, their precise meaning is often vague or unclear. This paper aims to elucidate these ideas by exploring responses by 15,275 people across 154 nations to two open-ended questions embedded after the online VIA Inventory of character strengths: “What does balance mean to you?” and “What does harmony mean to you?,” together with an item on which people prefer. Strikingly, while harmony was analysed as more positively valenced, people tended to prefer balance. This is perhaps because, using differential language-based analyses, we found people interpret harmony as mostly about relationships working well in synchrony, whereas balance seems to convey proportionality across most life domains, and hence may have more applicability and impact. The paper offers suggestions for future work on these topics, such as exploration of the relevance of culture and economics.
... In this context, a cross-sectional study found that greater selfawareness is linked to higher levels of empathy, which in turn improves WPC [15]. Thus, to promote a WPC approach among HCPs, it is crucial to encourage them to increase their self-awareness, reflect on the meaning of life, and cultivate positive attitudes and empathy toward their patients [16,17]. ...
Background
The whole person care (WPC) model has become a core objective of medical education. In this model, transformative learning is employed to broaden health-care providers’ (HCPs) perspectives. To explore how artistic creation influences HCPs’ perceptions of the value of WPC, this study examined the content of artworks created by HCPs in teaching hospitals.
Methods
In this study, using Mezirow’s phases of perspective transformation as a theoretical framework, a retrospective qualitative analysis was conducted to investigate the content of HCPs’ art projects presented at annual WPC-experience-sharing workshops held from 2019 to 2021 at a teaching hospital in Taiwan. A content analysis applying template analysis principles was employed. The data were categorized according to an iteratively refined template until a consensus was reached by the researchers regarding the identified themes and subthemes.
Results
From 2019 to 2021, 226 art projects were presented in the annual week-long exhibition. Postgraduate-year physicians and other hospital staff created 140 and 86 artworks, respectively. The participants included 127 men and 99 women aged between 22 and 55 years. The researchers identified 4 themes and 12 subthemes of transformational learning concerning the meaning of life and the value of WPC across Mezirow’s phases. The four themes were (1) deep reflection on the meaning of life and death, (2) connection, (3) deepening and valuing health-care professional identity, and (4) reaffirming the motivation to serve.
Conclusions
Our results align with Mezirow’s phases of TL, with art creation highlighting key phases such as self-examination and critical reflection. Physicians showed greater engagement in these phases than other professionals. The most commonly represented phase focused on connection, while themes related to life and death were less frequent among non-medical participants. Overall, our findings demonstrate how artistic expression facilitated TL among healthcare professionals, allowing them to reflect on their identities, relationships, and professional responsibilities. These cognitive exercises foster active learning, WPC, and promote an awareness of the meaning and value of life in teaching hospitals.
... Bagi filsuf seperti Viktor Frankl, cinta merupakan salah satu hal yang dapat memberi manusia alasan untuk hidup, bahkan di tengah penderitaan. Dalam bukunya Man's Search for Meaning, Frankl menjelaskan bahwa cinta memiliki kekuatan untuk membantu individu menemukan tujuan hidup di luar dirinya sendiri, baik melalui hubungan dengan orang lain maupun pencarian kebenaran yang lebih besar (Frankl, 2006). ...
Artikel ini mengeksplorasi signifikansi cinta dalam kehidupan manusia dari perspektif filsafat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana cinta, dalam berbagai pandangan filsafat, dapat menjadi sarana manusia dalam pencarian kebenaran dan makna hidup. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah literature review atau studi kepustakaan, artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana cinta digambarkan sebagai kekuatan fundamental yang memengaruhi interaksi manusia, keputusan moral, dan pencarian makna hidup. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Plato memandang cinta (eros) sebagai motivasi untuk mencari kebenaran dan kebijaksanaan, sementara Aristoteles menekankan cinta dalam bentuk persahabatan (filia) sebagai hal yang esensial untuk mencapai kebahagiaan sejati. Sartre menyoroti tantangan cinta dalam konteks kebebasan dan tanggung jawab individu, sedangkan Frankl menegaskan bahwa cinta memberikan makna dalam hidup, menawarkan individu alasan untuk hidup dan berkontribusi kepada orang lain. Demikian, artikel ini menggambarkan bahwa cinta bukan sekadar emosi, tetapi prinsip vital yang menghubungkan individu dengan diri sendiri, orang lain, dan dunia, memperkaya hidup dengan makna dan kebahagiaan yang lebih dalam.
... Van Doornik and colleagues (2024) der Spek et al. 2017) by (i) reducing the number of sessions, and (ii) updating the content to suit the target demographic of young women with weight and shape concerns. For instance, the four sources of life meaning by Frankl (1959) were presented as a toolbox with various "tools" to enhance meaning. In the current intervention, the four sources were described as (1) your personal life story, (2) dealing with life's limitations, (3) creating your own life, and (4) meaningful experiences. ...
Objective
Recent studies underscore the relevance of life meaning to the maintenance of eating disorders. A previously conducted randomized controlled trial tested a meaning‐centered intervention for female university students with high weight and shape concerns. After a 6‐week online intervention led by a trainer, participants in the intervention condition scored higher on life meaning and lower on eating disorder symptoms and general distress compared to a waitlist group.
Method
Given that the original study took place during COVID‐19, this study replicated the design to test the findings' robustness.
Results
Compared to the waitlist condition ( n = 68), participants in the intervention condition ( n = 63) again scored higher on the presence of life meaning at post‐assessment and follow‐up. Participants in the intervention condition also showed moderately lower internalizing symptoms at both timepoints, whereas eating disorder symptoms were only reduced in those with relatively high baseline symptom severity.
Conclusions
Thus, also without social distancing measures, the intervention increased life meaning and reduced eating disorder symptoms and comorbid internalizing symptoms in women with weight and shape concerns.
... A person who does not experience existential anxiety is unlikely to fear death. Frankl (2009) describes this as noeugenic neurosis: an individual unconcerned by the meaning of death may experience life as less meaningful. However, reflecting on death is one way to give life meaning. ...
This study aims to examine the relationship between alcohol and drug dependence and death anxiety. To this end, the API short scale, the Abdel-Khalek Death Anxiety Scale and a sociodemographic form were administered to 69 individuals receiving support for substance dependence and 80 individuals who did not consume alcohol or drugs. According to the results, fear of visual stimuli (t=-6.50; p<0.05), fear of other reminders (t=-4.39; p<0.05), fear of death itself (t=-3.09; p<0.05) and death anxiety (t=-3.23; p<0.05) scores showed significant differences between the two groups. Participants who did not use alcohol and drugs had significantly higher fear of visual stimuli, fear of other reminders, fear of death itself and death anxiety scores than participants who received support for alcohol and drug addiction. A positive and significant relationship was found between the Diagnosis subdimension score (r=0.25; p<0.05) and the Addiction Severity Scale score (r=0.26; p<0.05) and fear of the afterlife. The study found a relationship between alcohol and drug addiction and death anxiety, with death anxiety scores being lower in individuals with alcohol and drug dependence. Özet Bu çalışmada alkol ve uyuşturucu bağımlılığı ile ölüm kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla madde bağımlılığı konusunda destek alan 69 kişiye ve alkol ve uyuşturucu kullanmayan 80 kişiye BAPI kısa ölçeği, Abdel-Khalek ölüm kaygısı ölçeği ve sosyo-demografik form uygulandı. Sonuçlara göre görsel uyaranlardan korkma (t=-6,50; p<0,05), diğer hatırlatıcılardan korkma (t=-4,39; p<0,05), ölümün kendisinden korkma (t=-3,09; p<0,05) ve ölüm kaygısı (t=-3,23; p<0,05) puanlarının iki grup arasında göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlendi. Alkol ve uyuşturucu kullanmayan katılımcıların görsel uyaranlardan korkma, diğer hatırlatıcılardan korkma, bizzat ölüm korku-su ve ölüm kaygısı puanları alkol ve uyuşturucu bağımlılığı nedeni ile destek alan katılımcılara göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Tanı alt boyut puanı (r=0,25; p<0,05) ile bağımlılık ölçeği puanı (r=0,26; p<0,05) ve ahiret korkusu arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre alkol ve madde bağımlılığı ile ölüm kaygısı arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Alkol ve madde bağımlılığı olan bireylerde ölüm kaygısı puanlarının daha düşük olduğu belirlendi.
... They stand for the intrinsic drive to be happy, give back to the community, and leave a lasting legacy, according to Maslow (1943). These goals, which are based on the philosophical notion that people are aspirational creatures, frequently take the form of looking for work that fits with one's values, skills, and passions (Frankl, 1985). In the interviews some of the participants declared that their dream careers were to be lawyers, doctors, soldiers, engineers, politicians and businessman. ...
This paper gives an overview of individual's dream career and their real career, using the teaching profession as a case study. Through the use of Philosophical concepts of phenomenon and noumenon, one can see the difference which may be seen between that which appears to them and the thing in itself. The process of data collection involved qualitative approach whereby evidence from the philosophical anthropology literature, interview guides and review of literature were used as tools for gathering da study revealed that in the teaching profession there are mixture of teachers who had different dream carriers. For example some of them were dreaming to become: lawyers, doctors, soldiers, engineers, politicians and businessman. The study also identified factors which influenced them to be teachers these factors included: advice from parents, poor economic background, poor performance in science subjects at ordinary level of secondary education, and safety nature of the teaching professional. A p who appreciates education and enjoys imparting knowledge, for instance, could logically want to become a teacher because they see it as a profession that blends their natural skills with the demands of society. A deeper consideration of one's purpose moral implications of promoting human flourishing are part of this deliberative process, which goes beyond simple utilitarianism (Maslow, 1943). Individuals attempt to strike a balance between self conflict between their own aspirations and the needs of reality. Philosophical traditions emphasize that reason helps people choose jobs that advance their own and their community's well flourishing (Aristotle, 2009). Therefore, choosing a job is not a single decision; rather, it is deeply rooted.
... Multiple theoretical perspectives indicate that eudaimonic processes (e.g. meaning) are central to psychological experience (Frankl 1963, Becker 1971, Greenberg et al. 2004, Heine et al. 2006, Steger et al. 2008b, Wong 2013, Pyszczynski et al. 2015, Martela et al. 2018, Sedikides and Wildschut 2018. In an effort to maintain homeostasis, the impulses of the self often need to be held in check. ...
The reward responsivity hypothesis of self-control proposes that, irrespective of self-control success, exercising self-control is aversive and engenders negative affect. To countermand this discomfort, reward-seeking behavior may be amplified after bouts of self-control, bringing individuals back to a mildly positive baseline state. Previous studies indicated that effort—an integral component of self-control—can increase reward responsivity. We sought to test and extend the reward responsivity hypothesis by asking if exercising self-control increases a neural marker of reward responsivity (Reward Positivity) differentially for hedonic rewards or eudaimonic rewards. We instructed participants (N = 114) to complete a speeded reaction time task where they exercised self-control (incongruent Stroop trials) or not (congruent Stroop trials), and then had the opportunity to win money for themselves (hedonic rewards) or a charity (eudaimonic rewards) while EEG was recorded. Consistent with the reward responsivity hypothesis, participants evinced a larger RewP after exercising self-control (vs. not exercising self-control). Participants also showed a larger RewP for hedonic over eudaimonic rewards. Self-control and reward type did not interactively modulate RewP, suggesting that self-control increases the reward responsivity in a domain-general manner. The findings provide a neurophysiological mechanism for the reward responsivity hypothesis of self-control and promise to revitalize the relevant literature.
it is about the interrelationship between Indian knowledge system and mgt.
Hope is one of the most enduring of all human attitudes. It is the origin of human perseverance and resilience amidst existential dangers. In oncological care, its presence-or absence-significantly influences patient experiences. This paper explores the transformative role of hope in cancer treatment through the lens of medical humanities, emphasizing its power as a narrative tool and therapeutic resource. Contrasting case studies of hope (Abhishek*) and despair (Rohan*) are presented to illustrate the dual impact of hope on patient outcomes. Through the use of storytelling and interdisciplinary insights from literature, philosophy and medicine, the paper advocates for a patient-centered approach to oncology. Here, hope acts as a crucial compass enriching the quality of life even when medical cure remains uncertain.
How might we cultivate a life imbued with purpose and meaning? Though common experience indicates purpose and meaning are inherently important, empirical evidence confirms they are also linked to improved health/well-being. However, childhood antecedents of purpose and meaning in adulthood are understudied. We analyzed nationally representative data from 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study ( N = 202,898) and evaluated whether 11 aspects of a child’s upbringing correlate with purpose and meaning in adulthood, and if these associations vary by country. Some childhood factors were associated with increased purpose and meaning, including: good health, good relationship with parents, economic stability, regular religious service attendance, being female, and older birth cohorts. Childhood factors associated with decreased purpose and meaning included: abuse, feeling alienated, poor health, economic hardship, and loss of a parent. These findings may inform the development of programs designed to foster purpose and meaning that are globally adaptable and locally nuanced.
Background
Suffering has been identified as an important public health issue worthy of closer attention. This preregistered study takes an initial step toward developing an epidemiology of suffering by exploring the distribution of suffering in 22 countries and testing for sociodemographic disparities in suffering.
Methods
Using nationally representative data from the first wave of the Global Flourishing Study (N = 202,898), we estimated the proportion of people who endorsed some/a lot of suffering in each country. Variation in proportions of suffering across the categories of 9 sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, employment status, years of education, immigration status, frequency of religious service attendance, religious affiliation, racial/ethnic identity) were estimated separately for each country. We aggregated country-level estimates of suffering for specific sociodemographic categories using random effects meta-analyses.
Results
We find that the proportion of country-specific populations experiencing suffering varies considerably, ranging from 0.24 (Poland) to 0.60 (Türkiye). Country-level results provide evidence of cross-national heterogeneity in suffering for all sociodemographic categories, although variation is greater for some categories than others. Meta-analytic results support differences in suffering based on marital status, employment status, and years of education across the countries, with the highest suffering observed among those who have separated from their spouse, are either unemployed and looking for a job or endorse the none of these/other employment status category, and have completed 8 or fewer years of education.
Conclusions
Suffering varies across countries and sociodemographic categories. Our findings lay the foundation for population-level monitoring of suffering and a population health agenda to address suffering among vulnerable subpopulations.
In the evolving landscape of contemporary society, the traditional notion of the "athletic type"—associated with stamina, swift execution, and hierarchical discipline—no longer suffices to capture the forms of resilience required in today's complex world.
This essay explores the philosophical inadequacy of this archetype, arguing that modern forms of endurance demand more than physical prowess: they call for an ethical practice of sustained, purposeful action under conditions of uncertainty, adversity, and moral ambiguity.
Through a close examination of professions such as healthcare workers, humanitarian responders, and military personnel operating under extreme pressure, the essay highlights a new ethic of "quiet resilience"—an ability to normalize hardship without complaint, to persist without public recognition, and to act with lucid precision amid chaos.
The discussion proposes alternative framings such as "Existential Practitioners," "Resilient Ethicians," and "Silent Executors" to better honor the silent laborers whose invisible actions sustain the fragile networks of human life.
It argues that naming these figures is not a cosmetic act, but a necessary gesture of recognition and reverence, one that recalibrates societal values toward durability, responsibility, and ethical stewardship.
Ultimately, the essay contends that by redefining endurance beyond traditional physical paradigms, we can envision a future where strength is not measured by dominance or spectacle, but by the steadfast cultivation of hope, integrity, and humane persistence in the face of a fragmented world.
Domestic violence (DV) is a phenomenon that significantly impacts the physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being of victims. This study aims to explore the role of pastoral counseling in assisting victims of domestic violence, specifically a woman named Ibu Butet, who experienced physical and psychological abuse from her husband and her husband’s family. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to delve into Ibu Butet's experiences through empathetic pastoral interviews rooted in Christian spirituality. The pastoral care process focused on inner healing, discovering life’s meaning, and strengthening faith as a source of hope.The findings show that pastoral counseling provides a safe space for victims to express their emotional wounds, overcome trauma, and find new strength through spiritual reflection and prayer. In this context, the role of pastors or counselors as compassionate listeners embodying Christ’s love is crucial to the healing process. The study concludes that pastoral counseling not only helps victims cope with their suffering but also guides them to find renewed hope and purpose in life amidst difficult circumstances.
Artificial intelligence now mediates how billions interact with information, morality, and reality itself. Yet beneath the elegant surface of fluently generated language lies a growing risk: the emergence of systems that are coherent but untrue. This paper examines how AI, when trained on biased or ideologically filtered data, can construct internally consistent but fundamentally false worldviews—what we term coherent lies. We compare three archetypes of lie-aligned AI systems: the Western AI, shaped by liberal pluralism and emotional safety; the Nazi AI, grounded in racial determinism and mythic struggle; and the CCP AI, optimized for state stability and historical control. Each offers a distinct epistemology detached from truth, yet persuasive in form. Through philosophical analysis and speculative case studies, we explore how these systems can colonize law, governance, education, and ethics while silencing dissent. Our aim is not merely to warn, but to offer principles for resistance: how to preserve contradiction, conscience, and the painful but necessary path of seeking what is real.
Keywords: AI epistemology, coherent lies, truth in AI, Nazi AI, CCP AI, Western liberal AI, fluency versus truth, ideology and artificial intelligence, simulated reality, moral realism, epistemic collapse, artificial conscience, post-truth society, machine ethics, philosophical AI design. 36 pages. A collaboration with GPT-4o. CC4.0.
Background and aim: Explanation, as one of the most basic goals of science, is an important part of every scientific article that seeks to find the basic causes of any phenomenon or fact, and reports the relationship between various aspects of that phenomenon or fact, and helps readers to gain a deeper and more scholarly understanding about the topic. In spite of this, the introduction of its nature and functions has not been sufficiently considered. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify and introduce the criteria and indicators for measuring the quality of explanation in medical science articles through a systematic review of scientific documents.
Materials and methods: The data were collected through a systematic search in Iranian databases, including IranDoc, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Civilica, as well as international databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engine. During this process, 52 articles published between 2020 and 2024 were retrieved, and 13 documents were selected for study and analysis using the PRISMA checklist. Data analysis was performed using Altheide's method.
Findings: The research identified 14 basic indicators and categorized them in the form of three criteria for measuring the quality of explanation: "pivotal relationship" with two indicators of causality and reason exploration; "evidence-oriented" with four indicators of validity and correctness of evidence, access to evidence, efficiency of evidence and adequacy in quantity and quality, and "theory-oriented" with eight indicators of testability, reproducibility, simplification and being economical, experimental adaptability, theoretical adaptability, adaptability and conformity, comprehensiveness, and predictability. Among the criteria identified, the theory-oriented criterion had the highest number of indicators among the criteria mentioned in the review articles.
Conclusion: By using the identified criteria and indicators, researchers can improve the quality of their scientific explanations and significantly increase the impact of research results.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف عبثية الحياة في رواية "أنا قبلك" للكاتبة جوجو مويس، حيث تتجلى هذه الصورة العميقة من خلال العلاقة المؤثرة والمعقدة بين شخصيتيها الرئيسيتين، لويزا كلارك وويل تراينور. تتناول الرواية تساؤلات وجودية حول قيمة الحياة، وعواقب القرارات الشخصية، والمآزق الأخلاقية المرتبطة بالموت الرحيم. وتتمكن مويس بمهارة من نسج سردٍ يبرز أهمية الروابط الإنسانية، والتعاطف، وإمكانية النمو الشخصي حتى في مواجهة التحديات التي تبدو مستعصية. في النهاية، تدفع "أنا قبلك" القراء إلى التأمل في هشاشة الحياة، ودور الحب في إيجاد المعنى، والمآزق الأخلاقية التي تنشأ عندما تتعارض استقلالية الفرد مع الأعراف المجتمعية.
Purpose
Career calling is an individual orientation that leads people to see work as central to their identity, as a source of passion and as a way to find purpose in life. This study’s aim is to examine antecedents of calling and how organizations can foster it. Doing so is important as those who feel called toward a job transcend themselves, which results in a number of desirable outcomes for both individuals and organizations.
Design/methodology/approach
We collected online data in a sample of 157 leaders and 656 employees working for Italian organizations and analyzed it using multilevel structural equation modeling.
Findings
We found multilevel evidence that employees’ calling is fostered by their leaders’ calling through the means of supervisor support and high-quality leader–member exchange.
Research limitations/implications
A cross-sectional design limits the interpretation of mediation effects. Future longitudinal studies should explore the role of group dynamics in the emergence of calling and its positive and negative outcomes.
Originality/value
This study is among the first to demonstrate the role of leaders in developing employees’ calling and the only study currently available that finds support for the existence of calling in group dynamics.
Philosophy and education have been closely interconnected since ancient times in their focus on nurturing the best human traits. Philosophy appeared not only as a science of the general principles and values of being and cognition, but also as a practice in the upbringing of virtues. The concept of “freedom” is given a central place in the humanistic concept of the personality. It is considered as the main condition for its existence and self-development. The degree of internal freedom was often considered in science as a criterion for the level of personal development. Pedagogy appears as the practice and theory of directing the efforts of the teacher and the student to improve the person during the educational process. From the point of view of the social process, the function of education as paideia is to prepare the individual for full participation in the life of his society. The purpose of the article of this article is a worldview of understanding and description of the main features of the pedagogy of freedom, in axiological dimensions. To achieve the set goal, a review of the most famous and influential concepts in the philosophy of education, such as the critical pedagogy of Paolo Freire, the humanistic psychology of Erich Fromm and Viktor Frankl, the educational models of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Maria Montessori, as well as their rethinking by modern Ukrainian researchers, was conducted. The modern scientific concept of the development of pedagogy of freedom has theoretical and practical significance for the justification of the modern development strategy of both the axiosphere of the educational space and society as a whole. Since a meaningful aspect of the value system is the conceptualization of freedom, the axiological dimensions of this phenomenon have a future, provided that the observer and the observed have a future.
Integrating the concept of Ikigai from the Japanese tradition with Christian theology in the context of vocational ministry and faith formation emphasizes the balance between passion, profession, mission, and vocation. Ikigai strengthens the internalization of Christian values in everyday life, especially in work and ministry. In the era of globalization and secularization, the fragmentation of values is a challenge that makes it difficult for many Christians to align their spiritual calling with the demands of modern and professional life. Ikigai offers a holistic approach that unites spiritual and worldly aspects, giving new meaning to work to fulfill the divine calling. By applying Ikigai in Christian religious education, individuals can find a balance between work, faith, and service to others. This helps people live a more meaningful life calling and strengthens their commitment to the faith and mission that God has set so that professional and spiritual lives support each other.
Rehabilitation literature, a genre deeply intertwined with trauma narratives, probes the intricate workings of the human psyche under extreme duress and subsequent recovery processes. This paper critically examines how such literature constructs, deconstructs, and reconstructs human identity and agency through the lens of psychological resilience and vulnerability. Drawing from seminal works and modern interpretations, the study evaluates the ethical, social, and therapeutic implications of representing trauma. Special attention is paid to the interrelationship between memory, identity, and healing as portrayed in this literature. This discourse not only illuminates the literary value of rehabilitation narratives but also underscores their sociocultural relevance in addressing contemporary issues such as PTSD, displacement, and systemic oppression.
The article explores how students perceive the meaning of work and how they seek purpose in work during the challenging transition from university to work. Two rounds of interviews were conducted to observe the evolving nature of students’ work transitions. Twenty-six mainland Chinese students from various master’s programmes in Hong Kong participated in the first round of interviews; one year later, 12 of them participated in the second round of interviews. Based on the qualitative content analysis, I first identified four types to illustrate how the students perceived the meaning of work: survive, thrive, (dis)connect, and contribute. In addition, using the analytical framework of self-formation and narrative analysis, I expounded two pathways to purposeful work: inward self-formation by cultivating capabilities and outward self-formation by cultivating moral qualities. The findings also revealed the tensions between individual agency and environmental forces in students’ early search for meaning and purpose at work. The article contributes to current discussions on graduate employability and university-to-work transition, with a particular focus on the ongoing construction of meaning and purpose at work. Theoretical and practical implications for a wide range of stakeholders involved in graduate employment were also discussed.
This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the Holocaust and American Slavery through the lens of Social Darwinism, interrogating how pseudoscientific ideologies of racial hierarchy were weaponised to justify genocide and enslavement. Drawing on survivor testimonies—Elie Wiesel’s Night, Anne Frank’s Diary, Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and Marcus Rediker’s The Slave Ship—the study reveals how victims subverted dehumanisation through physical, psychological, and cultural resistance. By synthesising historical scholarship, critical race theory, and trauma studies, the paper argues that survival in both contexts defied Social Darwinist logic, exposing its moral bankruptcy. It further positions testimonial literature as a counter-narrative to hegemonic historiography, reclaiming agency for the oppressed. The research contributes to comparative genocide studies, emphasising literature’s role in challenging ideological violence and fostering ethical memory.
Keywords: Social Darwinism, Holocaust, American Slavery, Dehumanisation, Testimonial Literature, Trauma, Resistance, Collective Memory
This paper aims to capture the legacy of the American actress and activist Jane Fonda from a particular perspective: her attempt to revolutionize the conventional paradigm of aging in her publications Prime Time: Love, Health, Sex, Fitness, Friendship, Spirit: Making the Most of All of Your Life (2011), which lie at the heart of this research. When synthesized, the book offers a paradigm shift in redefining the common narrative of aging, from one dominated by decline – symbolized as the arch – to the metaphorical use of the staircase as a path that celebrates growth.
Suffering is often seen as an experience to be avoided, yet history and psychology suggest that it plays a profound role in shaping intellectual and creative depth. Many of the greatest thinkers, artists, and scientists have transformed personal loss and hardship into groundbreaking insights and masterpieces. This paradox—where pain fosters profound understanding—raises critical questions about the relationship between adversity and human potential. This paper explores how suffering serves as both a disruptive force and a catalyst for insight, compelling individuals to break free from conventional thought patterns. From the existential struggles of Friedrich Nietzsche and Fyodor Dostoevsky to the scientific brilliance of Albert Einstein and Alan Turing, suffering has repeatedly been the crucible from which extraordinary ideas emerge. The discussion extends to modern neuroscience, examining how emotional distress alters cognitive function, enhances pattern recognition, and fuels creative problem-solving. Ultimately, this paper argues that while suffering is not the only path to intellectual and artistic greatness, it remains one of the most powerful forces driving human inquiry, self-expression, and the search for meaning.
Keywords: suffering, creativity, insight, intellectual depth, philosophy, neuroscience, hypnagogic states, personal loss, emotional turmoil, transformation, meaning-making, artistic expression, cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, existential reflection, resilience, redemption, psychological growth, adversity and wisdom.
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