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Rocket-triggered Lightning Experiment and Application Study of Transmission Line for Metal Oxide Surge Arresters
Abstract
In the measurement of the rocket-triggered lightning currentt and voltage, executed from 1986 to 1995 at mountain top of Okushishiku in Kanazawa areas, the authors succeeded in artificially inducing the winter lightning to the arresters, Using the data obtained in those measurments, we analyzed the energy absorption characteristics of surge arresters, which are installed on every tower of transmission line for three phases, by EMTP.
The energy withstand capability of individual arrester was verified as approximately same as expected value. Analysis result for energy share of each arrester connected in parallel showed that usual light duty arresters installed on every tower have possibility to be able to absorb the big winter lightning energy even if the lightning bit directly the power line.
... However, artificially triggered lightning experiments, developed since the 1960 s, have opened a new path for lightning research [1] and have been employed in studies of the physical processes of lightning discharge and lightning protection. The development of these techniques has enabled various experiments on lightning hazards and protection, based on triggered lightning, and has led to researches on key techniques of lightning protection, with the results being applied to electric power systems, apartment buildings, lighting systems for airport runways, the testing of lightning protection devices, arsenals, and motor vehicles [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. ...
This paper focuses on the voltages electromagnetically induced by the multiple return strokes involved in a triggered lightning on an overhead power line and a vertical signal line of an automatic weather station (AWS), and the backflow currents and residual voltages in a surge protection device (SPD) embedded in the power line. Pulses of voltage on the overhead power line corresponding to the return strokes with the peak currents ranging from −6.67 to −26.47 kA showed bipolar features. Subpeaks and main peaks ranged from 0.99 to 4.47 kV and from −4.98 to −10.31 kV, respectively. The voltage waveforms corresponding to the return strokes on the vertical signal line of wind speed were of two types: with and without a subpeak after the main peak. All the main peaks, with the peak value from −0.41 to −3.10 kV, were ‘V’ shaped. A significant relationship exists between the peak currents of the return strokes and the 10–90% average gradients of the voltages. The peaks of currents through the SPD ranged from −0.22 to −1.64 kA. The durations of residual voltages ranged from 0.6 to 5.9 ms, average value being 2.1 ms. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
... However, artificially triggered lightning experiments, developed since the 1960 s, have opened a new path for lightning research [1] and have been employed in studies of the physical processes of lightning discharge and lightning protection. The development of these techniques has enabled various experiments on lightning hazards and protection, based on triggered lightning, and has led to researches on key techniques of lightning protection, with the results being applied to electric power systems, apartment buildings, lighting systems for airport runways, the testing of lightning protection devices, arsenals, and motor vehicles [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. ...
The artificially triggered lightning test was conducted and a 4-element AWS (Automatic Weather Station) was simulated near the lightning channel. This paper analyzes and studies the induced effects caused by the near lightning on the signal line and the key lightning protection techniques for AWSs. It analyzes the induced overvoltage characteristics as caused by the lightning with multiple return strokes on the signal cable of wind speed and direction, as well as their relationship with the changing rate of the triggered lightning current. The results indicate that the induced voltage peak of the signal line is in a V structure, with the crest value up to thousands of volts, and lasts only a few microseconds; and that a continuous voltage, which attenuates slowly, appears after the peak voltage, with the crest value up to hundreds of volts. The wind speed signal line has a higher induced voltage than the wind direction signal line does. The negative peak of the induced overvoltage on the signal line is well correlated with the gradient of the triggered lightning current, with the correlation coefficient being 0.70.
A suspension-type surge arrester has been developed by incorporating ZnO elements into the shed of a conventional suspension insulator. This arrester is realized through the development of new techniques such as high-performance ZnO elements, airtight incorporation of ZnO elements into the shed of a conventional insulator, the protection gap, and pressure relief. Both single units and strings of arresters are subjected to contamination, pressure relief, and other tests to confirm that they satisfy the specifications. Long-term reliability was demonstrated in a long-term outdoor test with energization.< >
_??_Development of metal oxide transmission line arrester and its effectiveness _??_ CIGRE Paper 33-201
- Kawamura