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& Martine Vanhove (Eds). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cushitic and Omotic Languages. Paris, 16-18 April 2008

January 2013

Authors:

Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle

French National Centre for Scientific Research

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

Post drought adjustments among Horn of Africa pastoralists: policy and institution building dimensio...

January 1990

J.W. Harbeson

Pastoralists are most immediately and directly affected by drought and famine. In this paper, efforts to combat human, economic and political consequences of drought and famine for pastoral peoples in the Horn of Africa are examined. Pastoralists' communities, living in the Horn of Africa are estimated to number five to six million people. They have been exposed to economic and social changes ... [Show full abstract] which transformed their societies. Despite their declining numbers they still represent 65% of the rural population of Djibouti and Somalia and between 6 to 12% in Ethiopia and Sudan. Pastoralism is a declining economic sector due to the environmental degradation of pastoral lands but also to the shrinking dimensions of their patrimonies particularly when encroaching agriculture. Governments so far have shown little understanding of pastoralism. The assumption that pastoralists are ineffective managers of their environment permitting excess accumulation of animals is a common misunderstanding leading to wrong suppositions in government planners. Strategies to avoid further marginalization should first engage pastoralists themselves in shaping programmes for their advancement. Policies should include the improvement of their self-reliance through improved food security, better income distribution and better food production. Pastoralists' capacity to manage their own local economies should also be meliorated by an improved delivery of credit and marketing and by strengthening pastoralists' own social institutions. -from Author

Article

Political Conflict in the Horn of Africa

January 1970

Carlene J. Edie

The Horn of Africa refers to the geographical region falling within that horn-shaped part of Africa that protrudes into the Indian Ocean, from the continent's land mass in northeastern Africa. As an area without obvious physical or political boundaries, the Horn is somewhat diffi cult to define precisely. By its strictest definition, it includes the countries of Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, The ... [Show full abstract] Sudan and the northeastern region of Kenya. During the decade of the 1970s, no area of Africa underwent more sudden and startling upheavals and went from relative neglect to intense courtship by the superpowers. The Horn has been a contentious area of the world whose recent history has been constantly marred by wars, revolutions, coups d'etat and territorial dispute. Much of this course will be devoted to an understanding of the internal politics of Somalia and Ethiopia, the two countries that are most central to the disputes in that area. Questions will be raised about secession, independence and the maintenance of artificial unitary states. The course will present an overview of structural disintegration in the Horn of Africa from the dual perspectives of domestic and international political developments. Finally, we will explore the prospects for peace and conflict resolution in the Horn. Prerequisites: Upper Division Standing or Consent of the Instructor. Evaluation:

Article

1877-1880: Three Years of Sudanese Domination in the Somali Coast

January 1997 · Northeast African Studies

Alice Moore-Harell

1. The article is based on a lecture given at the Sudan Studies Association conference held in Cairo in June 1997. Geographically, the area should be named the Gulf of Aden, but as the Egyptian documents refer to it as the Somali coast, so does the article. 2. The period under discussion was exceptional with regard to the TurcoEgyptian administration of the Sudan. Not only was a European and a ... [Show full abstract] Christian appointed as its governor-general, he was also subordinate directly to the Khedive and not to the Egyptian government, with wide autonomy, including financial matters, unlike any of the previous governors-general. The fiscal system of the Sudan was separated from Egypt and Sudan became independent economically. Cairo no longer supported it financially and all Sudanese revenues were spent in the Sudan itself. 3. G. H. Talhami, Suakin and Massawa Under Egyptian Rule 1865-1885 (Washington: 1979), 31-32. 4. I. M. Lewis, The Modern History of Somaliland (London: 1965), 41. 5. Talhami, Suakin, 32-33. 6. One Egyptian pound was equal to 1.06 pounds sterling. At today's value, one Egyptian pound of the late 1870s is equal to approximately 70 pounds sterling. 7. M. W. Dye, Muslim Egypt and Christian Abyssinia, reprint, (New York: 1969), 127; Gordon to Augusta, 17 April 1877, British Library Manuscripts (hereafter BLM), Add.51,295. 8. Djibouti of today. 9. Lewis, The Modern History, 43. 10. This knowledge derived from the period that Gordon served as the Governor-general of the southern Equatoria province in 1874-1876. 11. Instructions from the Khedive to Gordon, 1 March 1877, BLM, Add.51,303; decree to Gordon, 15 Safar 1294 (1 March 1877), Dar al-Wathaiq (hereafter DW), 19/18/3. 12. Decree to Gordon, 16 Safar 1294 (2 March 1877), DW, 19/18/4; instruction from the Khedive to Gordon, 1 March 1877, BLM, Add.51,303 13. Ibid. 14. Council of Ministers to Gordon, 8 Safar 1296 (1 February 1879), DW, 23/55/271; for further details on the dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia, see H. Erlich, Ethiopia and the Challenge of Independence (Colorado: 1986), 18-26. 15. Memoranda by Mr. A. B. Wylde regarding the slave trade in the Sudan and its Red Sea coast, confidential, November 1878, FO141/117. 16. Ibid.; Gordon to Augusta, 25 March 1877, BLM, Add.51,294; Gordon to Augusta, 17 April 1878, BLM, Add.51,295; Gordon to Lascelles, 2 September 1879, FO78/3004. 17. Gordon to Cabinet Secretariat, 11 Rabi I 1295 (15 March 1878), DW, 20/30/16; Vivian to Salisbury, 1 June 1879, FO84/1545. 18. Gordon to Enderby, 12 December 1878, St. Antony's College, Gordon papers; Gordon to Augusta, 9 January 1879, BLM, Add.51,295; Gordon to Augusta, 29 January 1879, BLM, Add.51,295; T. Archer, The War in Egypt and the Sudan, 4 vols., (London: n.d.), 1:189. 19. Council of Ministers to Gordon, 8 Safar 1296 (1 February 1879), DW, 22/55/271; Vivian to Salisbury, 30 January 1879, FO78/3190. 20. Gordon to Khairi Pasha, 29 Rajab 1296 (19 July 1879), DW, 23/53/66; Khairi Pasha to Gordon, 30 Rajab 1296, (20 July 1879), DW, 23/38/45; although Gordon left the Sudan in July 1879, he continued to serve as its Governor-general until January 1880. During this period he was either in Cairo or in Ethiopia on an official visit negotiating peace on behalf of Egypt Nevertheless, he followed closely the functioning of the Sudanese administration. 21. Gordon to Augusta, 20 April 1878, BLM, Add.51,295. 22. Morrice Bey to Egyptian government, 4 April 1877, FO141/111; Gordon to Augusta, 20 April 1878, BLM, Add.51,295; Vivian to Derby, 26 May 1877, confidential, Record Office, Liverpool, 920 DER/3334; on the Anglo-Egyptian agreement, see below. 23. Although the Anglo-Egyptian agreement regarding the Somali coast was signed only in June 1877, the Khedive acted in line with its main contents before its final materialization. 24. Morrice Bey to Khairi Pasha, 4 April 1877, FO84/1472; Morrice Bey to Egyptian government, 4 April 1877, FO141/111. 25. Gordon to Burton, 29 April 1878, Royal Geographical Society (hereafter RGS...

Article

Systematics and biogeography of the Afrotropical flea beetle subgenus Blepharidina (Afroblepharida)...

November 2017 · Insect Systematics & Evolution

Abstract A taxonomic revision of the species attributed to the subgenus Blepharidina (Afroblepharida) Biondi & D’Alessandro is provided. Seven new species are described: Blepharidina (Afroblepharida) afarensis sp. nov. and B. (A.) tajurensis sp. nov. from Djibouti; B. (A.) bantu sp. nov. from Kenya; B. (A.) benadiriensis sp. nov. from Somalia; B. (A.) nubiana sp. nov. from Sudan; B. (A.) pusilla ... [Show full abstract] sp. nov. from Ethiopia and Kenya; B. (A.) zephyra sp. nov. from Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria. An updated catalogue, including material examined, distributions, chorotypes, and ecological notes, is supplied. The revision comprises a key to the eleven known species, habitus photos, and microscope and scanning electron micrographs of diagnostic characters, including the aedeagus and spermatheca. A phylogenetic analysis based on parsimony was provided. The strict consensus tree was used to put forward a preliminary biogeographical analysis of the taxon in the light of the current distribution of the species.

Article

Towards a Typology of Humanitarian Access Denial

February 2013

Classified by the UN as one of five core challenges to civilian protection, humanitarian access denial is an increasingly urgent dilemma facing humanitarian actors. Conventional thinking about humanitarian access denial focuses on its outcomes rather than factors that shape its occurrence. The norms associated with humanitarian access and civilian protection are highly institutionalised at the ... [Show full abstract] intergovernmental level, yet states demonstrate considerable variation in their compliance with them at the domestic level. Utilising an interpretivist approach, we analyse how actions taken by states to deny humanitarian access in Ethiopia, Sri Lanka and Darfur/Sudan are given meaning and how they come to be understood by state actors themselves as a conduit to pursue other goals. We propose a descriptive typology of humanitarian access denial, and discuss the implications this phenomenon carries for civilian protection by humanitarian actors.

Article

Sexual Risk Behavior in Urban Populations of Northeastern Africa

December 2001 · AIDS and Behavior

Three representative 2-stage cluster sample surveys on sexual risk behavior and its correlates were conducted in Djibouti City and selected urban sites in Ethiopia and Sudan during 1994–95. The analysis in this paper is based on data collected from adults aged 15–49 on topics concerning marriage and regular partnerships (i.e., lasting 12+ months), nonregular sexual partnerships in the preceding ... [Show full abstract] 12 months, condom use, and related topics. In Djibouti City and urban sites in Ethiopia, about 10% of males reported 1 or more nonregular partnerships in the last 12 months, compared with 3% in Sudan. Between 20 and 30% of most recent nonregular contacts involved payment of money. Men with no schooling are less likely to report nonregular partnerships than other men in all 3 populations. Less than 5% of females in all 3 populations reported a nonregular partner in the preceding 12 months, but in all settings, the level is higher in divorced, separated, and widowed women. Condom use during the most recent sex act with nonregular partner ranges from 70% in Djibouti to 50% in Ethiopia and 20% in Sudan. In Sudan, the survey results suggest that the risks of rapid spread of HIV/STDs in the general population are low in Khartoum and the town of El Fashir but much higher in El Gadaif, where there is a large refugee population. In Djibouti and urban Ethiopia, risks are more generalized. Because of the lengthening interval between sexual debut and marriage, single males emerge as a priority group and further efforts are badly needed to promote condom use among the less educated.

Article

Songhay Languages

December 2006

Gerrit Jan Dimmendaal

Gerrit J Dimmendaal is Professor of African LInguistics at the University of Cologne (Germany). In his research he has focused on the documentation of poorly known Nilo–Saharan languages in Ethiopia, Kenya, and the Sudan, but he has also worked on Bantu and Omotic languages. In addition, he has a strong interest in language typology as well as language contact phenomena.

Article

Kanuri

December 2006

Gerrit Jan Dimmendaal

Gerrit J Dimmendaal is Professor of African Linguistics at the University of Cologne (Germany). In his research he has focused on the documentation of poorly known Nilo-Saharan languages in Ethiopia, Kenya, and the Sudan, but he has also worked on Bantu and Omotic languages. In addition, he has a strong interest in language typology as well as language contact phenomena.

Chapter

Full-text available

Amharic Personal Names

December 2014

Edwin D,. Lawson

Amharic personal names, January 1965. v + 53p. Original report produced by the CIA. Edited by Edwin D. Lawson and Richard F. Sheil. Commented on by Baruch Podolsky. Includes maps. Location: East Africa. Bounded by Sudan on the W, Kenya on the S, Somalia & Djibouti on the E. Speakers: Amharic as a first or second language is understood by about half the population, or about 10 million people. It ... [Show full abstract] is the official language of Ethiopia. Other languages spoken are: Gallinya, Arabic, Tigrinya, Tigré, Gurage, and the Sidamo languages. Carding/Style: Order for carding is: given name, set off by a comma, patronymic, and family name followed by title. For example, TAFARRA WARK', Kiana Wald/S'ahafe Tezas (Minister of the Pen). Language/Structure: Amharic is a member of the Semitic family along with Arabic and Hebrew. The essential element is the given name. Individuals called by the given name. Transliteration tables. US Board on Geographic Names/British Permanent Committee on Geographic Names and the Leslau system. Given names. The surname is not considered the important name. The first name is, as opposed to the father's name. A person is never called by the patronymic alone. the patronymic is used to indicate whose son a man is. Women do not change name on marriage. Some description of naming customs. Table of 1500 entries for personal names. Each entry shows: Amharic script, transliteration, language origin, meaning. Titles: General address, nobility, imperial household, honorary, administrative, professional, religious, and military. References: 2.

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Article

Middle east

March 2008

S.A. Rahman

The Middle East due to arid climatic conditions in most parts of the region is currently not able to produce enough animals to be self sufficient in meat. This fact, coupled with traditional patterns of slaughter and consumption, has led to a continued demand for large numbers of live animals, particularly sheep, to be imported into the region. Religious and cultural factors in the region have ... [Show full abstract] caused the demand for huge numbers of live ruminants especially sheep. The Middle East imports millions of live ruminants from countries such as Australia, New Zealand (the live trade from New Zealand was effectively ended in 2000 when, in response to higher than acceptable in-transit deaths, minimum age limits were placed on the live export of New Zealand sheep by the Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry - see Chapter 2, this volume), Brazil, China, parts of Europe, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia and Pakistan. They are also traded locally among Middle East countries. In addition to long-distance transport by sea, the animals after being unloaded from ship at the ports are kept for varying periods of time in 'feedlots'. They are then transported for considerable distances from the port to the cities and then on to the markets from where they are sold to the butchers for local trade or bought by consumers straight from the feedlots and then transported by road. Various forms of vehicles from a car, open truck or a pickup van to a covered conventional truck are used. At present, specific laws on animal welfare do not exist in most of the countries of the region where inhumane transport and slaughter are of concern. In many countries it is common for animals to be transported in open trucks or crammed in the boot of the cars or overloaded in open trucks and then kept without proper shelter, food and water for long durations prior to being sold. Although cultural traditions on humane treatment of animals may exist, for example in religious teachings, specific laws on animal welfare are lacking in this region. Education of the traders and butchers in the area of animal sentience and animal welfare should be a priority. For some communities, this could well be done by highlighting religious teachings on animal welfare, for example those in the Quran and the Hadiths. There should be a political will to bring about changes in the existing methods of transport of animals for slaughter and at slaughter. Strict enforcement of legislation, in countries where it exists, and introduction in countries where there is none should be a priority.

Article

Regional food security strategies: The case of IGADD in the Horn of Africa

February 1992 · Food Policy

This article examines the work of the Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD), formed by the governments of Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda, in striving to improve food security through regional cooperation. The potential benefits of cooperation are noted, alongside the obstacles to their realization. IGADD's strategy is described in detail, and the ... [Show full abstract] steps being taken to implement it are discussed.

Article

Full-text available

Trends in Soy Bean Trade in Ethiopia

October 2014

Soybean is a multipurpose most nutritionally rich crop as its dry seed contains the highest protein and oil content among grain legumes with a good balance of the essential amino acids and oil. This study was conducted to analyze the trend of soy bean trade in Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary sources of data on production and trade of soybean were used. The study identify The total hectare of ... [Show full abstract] land under soy bean production during the last 10 years has increased by 10 folds; while the total volume of production during the same period increased by 21 folds. Productivity level of soy bean is 1.06 ton/ha and this level is very low compared to its potential which could go up to 4 ton/ha if improved varieties are used. The country imports 15 million Kilograms of soy bean products and spend 11 million USD for importing various soy bean products every year. The average volume of soy bean export is 1.4 million Kilograms with trade deficit of 138 million Kilograms annually. The Value-to-Volume ratio for imported soy bean products has shown increasing trend during the last 12 years. Sudan, Indonesia, Djibouti, Netherlands and Vietnam are the highest volume recipient countries for Ethiopian soy bean export. The study recommends the need to link commercially oriented small and large scale farmers to value chains. This means, industries engaged in processing of oil crops to produce edible oil need to be supported or encouraged to start processing soy bean. Farmers need to be linked with soy bean processing factories as a result market is secured for farmers to become interested to engage in soy bean production. Promote soy production and processing among small holders, engaged in subsistence farming, for food security purposes.

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