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90
Accepted by R. Pethiyagoda: 28 Dec. 2016; published: 3 Apr. 2017
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN
1175-5334
(online edition)
Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 4250 (1): 090
–
100
http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/
Article
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4250.1.7
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9488379E-15D5-4601-9C03-5E41726E857E
Leptobotia micra, a new species of loach (Teleostei: Botiidae)
from Guilin, southern China
JÖRG BOHLEN & VENDULA ŠLECHTOVÁ
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech
Republic. E-mail: bohlen@iapg.cas.cz
Abstract
Leptobotia micra, new species, is described from the upper Li River (Pearl River basin) around Guilin in Guangxi prov-
ince, southern China. The new species is evidently the smallest species of Leptobotia, with females of 45‒46 mm SL bear-
ing oocytes. It can be distinguished from all other species of Leptobotia by a combination of the following characters: no
dark bars or dorsal saddles on body, a row of white dots along dorsal midline, 4+34 vertebrae, a predorsal distance of
58.1‒59.0% SL, eye diameter 1.8‒2.0 % SL, pelvic fins not reaching anus, an emarginated caudal fin (length of median
rays 1.3‒1.4 times in length of lower lobe) and the anus positioned distinctly closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin
base.
Key words: Cypriniformes, Cobitoidea, taxonomy, Pearl River basin, River Li
Introduction
Loaches of the genus Leptobotia Bleeker are widespread across south-eastern China, from the Hai River basin in
the north to the Red River basin in the south (Nalbant 2002, Šlechtová et al. 2006), with the majority of species
living in the drainages of Yangtze and Pearl rivers. The most prominent species of Leptobotia is L. elongata
Bleeker, one of the largest species of loaches, reaching up to 3 kg weight and 50 cm total length (Fang 1936, Yuan
et al. 2010), which historically has been an important commercial fish (Huckstorf 2013). However, most species of
Leptobotia do not exceed 12 cm SL. The smallest known species of Leptobotia recorded so far appear to be L.
posterodorsalis Lan et Chen and L. punctata Li et al., reaching up to 74 and 76 mm SL, respectively (Chen and Lan
1992, Li et al. 2008). The genus contains 21 nominal taxa, of which Kottelat (2012), in the latest review of loach
species, considered 13 to be valid. However, the taxonomy of the species has been complicated by short and often
not very informative descriptions and the lack of well-documented type material. For example, Kottelat (2004,
2012) considered L. citrauratea Nichols a synonym of L. elongata, but L. elongata has broad bands on the body,
while the holotype of L. citrauratea has been described as plain brown to orange in live (Nichols 1925) and still
shows a darker back, a light stripe on the head, and a row of light dots along the dorsal midline. Due to these
significant differences from L. elongata we consider L. citrauratea a valid species.
A recent expedition revealed several specimens of Leptobotia from Guilin in Guangxi province that turned out
to belong to an unnamed species. The aim of the present study is to describe the species, here named Leptobotia
micra.
Methods
The specimens were fixed and stored in 96% ethanol. All measurements and counts follow Kottelat (1990).
Measurements were made point-to-point with dial callipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. Collection abbreviations: IAPG,
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Liběchov, Czech Republic; SNHM
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LEPTOBOTIA MICRA, NEW SPECIES
Shanghai Museum of Natural History, Shanghai, PR China; ZRC, Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum,
National University of Singapore, Singapore.
FIGURE 1. Map of the Pearl River basin in southeast PR China. The type locality of Leptobotia micra is indicated by a red
circle.
Leptobotia micra, new species
(Fig. 2, 3)
Holotype. SNHM 10308, 45.6 mm SL; PR China: Guangxi province: market in Guilin, reportedly collected in
River Li close to Guilin; Zhou et al., 27 SEP 2013.
Paratypes. SNHM 10309-10310, 2, 45.2–50.2 mm SL; ZRC 55399, 2, 45.8–45.9 mm SL; same data as
holotype.
Diagnosis. Member of the genus Leptobotia by having the suborbital spine simple and no mental lobes.
Leptobotia micra is distinguished from all other species of Leptobotia by a combination of the following
characters: no dark bars or dorsal saddles on body, a row of white dots along dorsal midline, 4+34 vertebrae, a
predorsal distance of 58.1–59.0% SL, eye diameter 1.8‒2.0% SL, pelvic fins not reaching anus, an emarginated
caudal fin (length of median rays 1.3‒1.4 times in length of lower lobe) and the anus positioned distinctly closer to
anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin base.
Description. See Figure 2 for general appearance and Table 1 for morphometric data of holotype and 4
paratypes. A very small botiid loach (largest recorded size 50.2 mm SL) with elongated body (body depth 4.4‒6.1
times in SL). Body, head and caudal peduncle compressed. Dorsal outline from snout to end of dorsal-fin base
slightly convex to convex; rising from snout to maximum body depth between base of pectoral and pelvic fins and
then declines until end of dorsal-fin base. Dorsal outline behind dorsal-fin base nearly straight, tapering towards the
caudal-fin base. Ventral outline of head slightly convex, ventral outline of body and caudal peduncle nearly straight
with exception of belly, which is arched according to the degree of filling of stomach and gonads. Snout round or
slightly pointed in ventral view. Depth of caudal peduncle 1.0‒1.2 times in its length. Axillary pelvic lobe present
and with free tip. Very small adipose crests along dorsal and ventral midline of caudal peduncle.
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TABLE 1. Morphometric data of holotype and four paratypes of Leptobotia micra.
Dorsal fin with 4 simple and 7½ or 8½ branched rays. Distal margin of dorsal fin straight or slightly convex.
Anal fin with 3 simple and 5½ branched rays, not reaching caudal-fin base, distal margin convex. Caudal fin with
9+8 branched rays, moderately forked (length of median rays 1.2‒1.4 times in length of upper lobe), lobes round or
slightly pointed. Pelvic fins with 8 rays, origin under or slightly before origin of dorsal fin, reaching about half of
distance between pelvic-fin base and anal-fin origin, not reaching anus, which is situated about 3 eye diameters in
front of anal-fin origin. Pectoral fin with 11 to 13 rays, not reaching half of distance between pectoral-fin base and
pelvic-fin origin. 4+34 vertebrae.
Body covered by small scales except ventral side between head and anus. Lateral line nearly complete, always
reaching vertical through end of anal-fin base, with 66‒86 pores. Cephalic lateral line system with 6 supraorbital, 4
+ 10 infraorbital, 9 pre-operculo-mandibular and 3 supratemporal pores. Lips and barbels smooth.
Anterior nostril pierced in front of side of a flap-like tube, reaching slightly behind posterior margin of
posterior nostril, not reaching margin of eye, with a low anterior rim. Eye small (12.0‒14.6 times in lateral head
length), eye diameter 1.9‒2.3 times in interorbital width. Mouth gape about same length as width. Posterior margin
of upper lip reaching vertical through anterior margin of nostril. Processus dentiformes present, but very low and
range mean SD
min max
standard length (SL) 45.2 50.2
in % of SL:
total length 118.8 123.9 121.5 1.9
dorsal head length 18.6 20.3 19.3 0.6
lateral head length 23.6 25.9 24.7 0.9
predorsal length 58.1 59.0 58.4 0.4
pre-pelvic length 54.4 57.5 56.0 1.0
pre-anus length 70.5 72.6 71.4 0.7
preanal length 76.2 81.0 78.8 1.5
head depth at eye 9.4 10.7 10.0 0.5
head depth at nape 12.1 14.8 13.5 0.9
maximum body depth 16.3 22.7 18.6 2.2
body depth at dorsal origin 15.3 18.3 16.4 1.1
depth of caudal peduncle 11.1 12.9 11.9 0.6
length of caudal peduncle 11.8 13.5 12.6 0.7
snout length 8.5 10.2 9.0 0.6
head width at nares 5.6 6.3 6.0 0.3
maximum head width 9.4 10.7 10.0 0.4
body width at dorsal origin 8.6 9.8 9.3 0.4
body width at anal origin 6.0 7.0 6.3 0.3
eye diameter 1.8 2.0 1.9 0.1
interorbital width 3.7 4.0 3.8 0.1
heigth of dorsal fin 11.1 14.6 12.9 1.2
length of upper caudal lobe 18.7 23.9 21.0 1.7
length of median caudal rays 14.6 16.8 15.9 0.8
length of lower caudal lobe 19.9 23.9 21.6 1.5
depth of anal fin 15.3 16.8 16.1 0.6
length of pelvic fin 12.0 14.6 13.4 1.0
length of pectoral fin 11.6 16.6 13.5 1.9
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broadly rounded. No notch in lower lip. Lips thick, without furrows, upper lip with very small median incision;
lower lip with a median interruption. Rostral barbels reaching about half of distance to corner of mouth, maxillary
barbel just reaching behind level of posterior margin of nostrils, not reaching level of anterior margin of eye.
Three dissected paratypes (42.2‒45.9 mm SL) are females with developing oocytes.
Sexual dimorphism. None observed.
FIGURE 2. Leptobotia micra, PR China: Guangxi prov.; upper River Li; a)‒c) holotype, SNHM 10308, male, 45.6 mm SL,
d)‒e) paratype ZRC 55399, female, 45.8 mm SL.
Colouration. Ground colour of head and body in preserved specimens light beige. Body and head laterally
peppered with grey pigment cells, whose density is increasing dorsally, so that dorsal side of head and body are
grey. A row of white dots along dorsal midline from nape to caudal-fin base, single dots about size of eye, but
usually at least some are fused to stripes. Dots are sometimes faint, in one paratype hardly visible, but present in all
specimens. A faint dark grey stripe from mouth to eye, width slightly less than eye diameter. Base of rostral barbels
and tip of mouth black. A dark grey band at base of caudal fin, width similar to eye diameter, continuous, reaching
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dorsal and ventral midline. 2 or 3 rows of dark grey faint blotches on caudal fin, 1 or 2 such rows in dorsal fin,
single blotches in anal fin, paired fins without pigmentation.
FIGURE 3. Leptobotia micra, ZRC 55399, 45.8 mm SL; PR China: Guangxi prov.; upper River Li, mouth in ventral view.
Distribution. The species is presently known only from the type series, which originated from the upper River
Li around Guilin city in Guangxi province, PR China.
Etymology. From micros, greek for ‘small’. The name refers to the fact that the species is the smallest known
species of the genus, with females as small as 45 mm SL developing oocytes. An adjective.
Remarks. In three families of loaches (Botiidae, Cobitidae, Serpenticobitidae) the lateral ethmoid bone is
developed as an erectable spine, called suborbital spine. In most cases, this spine is bifid, meaning it is divided into
a main branch and a side branch, both pointed. In contrast to this common shape, the suborbital spine in all species
of Leptobotia is simple, meaning it lacks the side branch. Within Botiidae, this character state is otherwise found
only in Sinibotia zebra (Wu) (Wu 1939; Bohlen et al. 2016). Sinibotia zebra differs from all species of Leptobotia
by having (vs. not having) the lower lip extended into mental lobes. The new species L. micra has a simple
suborbital spine and no mental lobes, assigning it to the genus Leptobotia.
Most species of Leptobotia have a prominent pigmentation pattern on the body and fins. Black bars are found
in four species (L. elongata, L. flavolineata Wang, L. orientalis Xu et al., L. pellegrini Fang), dorsal saddles in
another four species (L. guilinensis Chen, L. hengyangensis Huang & Zhang, most specimens of L. rubrilabris
Dabry de Thiersant, L. tchangi Fang) and a marbled (L. taeniops Sauvage) and a reticulated (L. punctata) pattern in
one species each (Fang 1936, Wu 1939, Chen 1980, Li et al 2008, Nalbant 2002, Yu et al. 1981). Leptobotia micra
differs from these species in having a plain grey body, darker at the dorsum, with a row of white dots along dorsal
midline, a faint dark grey stripe from mouth to eye and a dark grey band at base of caudal fin (Fig. 2).
Leptobotia micra bears a row of white dots along the complete dorsal midline, a character state otherwise
encountered only in L. citrauratea. In L. guilinensis, L. punctata and some specimens of L. posterodorsalis and L.
taeniops, such middorsal dots or a middorsal stripe are present in the posterior half of the dorsum between base of
dorsal fin and caudal-fin origin (Fig. 4). Leptobotia micra differs from L. citrauratea by having 7½‒8½ (vs. 9½)
branched dorsal-fin rays, a shorter caudal fin (1.1‒1.2 times in lateral head length vs. 0.9 times) and mildly
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emarginated caudal fin (length of median rays 1.3‒1.4 times in length of lower lobe; vs. strongly forked, length of
median rays 1.7‒1.8 times in length of lower lobe). Leptobotia micra differs from L. guilinensis and L. punctata by
having less vertebrae (4+34 vs. 4+39 in L. punctata and 4+35‒36 in L. guilinensis), a longer predorsal distance
(58.1‒59.0% SL vs. 56.2% SL in L. punctata and 49.3‒55.9% SL in L. guilinensis) and the anus positioned
distinctly closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin base (vs. in about equal distance in L. punctata and L.
guilinensis). Additional differences in the pigmentation pattern between L. micra and L. punctata and L. guilinensis
have been described above. Leptobotia micra differs from L. posterodorsalis by pelvic fins insert opposite or
slightly in front of dorsal-fin origin (vs. remarkably before dorsal-fin origin), by having a deeper body (body depth
4.4‒6.1 times in standard length vs. 6.9‒8.3 times), more branched rays in pelvic (8 vs 6) fins, less vertebrae (4‒34
vs. 4+40‒41) and by not having (vs. having) prominent black blotches in the caudal fin.
A simply grey or brown body is found in seven species of Leptobotia, namely L. bellacauda Bohlen &
Šlechtová, L. citrauratea, L. microphthalma Fu & Ye, L. posterodorsalis, L. tientaiensis Wu and in few specimens
of L. elongata and L. rubrilabris (Fig. 5). The differences between L. micra and L. citrauratea and L.
posterodorsalis are given above. Leptobotia micra differs from L. bellacauda by not having (vs. having) prominent
black blotches in the caudal fin, by having the anus closer to the anal fin origin than to base of pelvic fin (vs. closer
to base of pelvic fin), a shorter caudal peduncle (11.8‒13.5% SL vs. 14.2‒18.2% SL), a larger eye (1.8‒2.0% SL vs.
2.2‒3.1% SL) and a less deeply emarginated caudal fin (length of median caudal rays 1.2‒1.4 times in length of
upper lobe vs. 1.5‒2.0 times). Leptobotia micra differs from L. microphthalma by having larger eyes (eye diameter
1.8‒2.0 % SL vs. 0.8‒1.0 % SL), less deep forked caudal fin (length of median rays 1.2‒1.4 times in length of
lower lobe vs. 2.7‒3.1 times), presence (vs. absence) of a black stripe from snout to eye, a black bar on caudal-fin
base, and by having hyaline fins (vs having all fins in body colour). Leptobotia micra differs from L. tientaiensis by
having 4+34 (vs. 4+35‒37) vertebrae, a row of white dots along middorsal line (vs. absent), by pelvic fins not
reaching (vs. reaching) anus and anterior half of the axillary lobe being grown to the body (vs. free on whole
length). Leptobotia micra differs from plain grey specimens of L. elongata by having a shorter head (lateral head
length 23.6‒25.9% SL vs. 29.0‒29.2% SL), a lower head (head depth at nape 12.1‒14.8% SL vs. 15.6‒16.8% SL),
a less strongly emarginated caudal fin (length of median rays 1.3‒1.4 times in length of lower lobe; vs. strongly
forked, length of median rays 2.2‒2.6 times in length of lower lobe) and a smaller eye (1.8‒2.0% SL vs. 2.3‒2.7%
SL). It differs from plain brown specimens of L. rubrilabris by having the anus closer to the anal-fin origin than to
base of pelvic fin (vs. equally distanced), all fins much shorter (e.g. length of upper lobe of caudal peduncle
18.7‒23.9% SL vs. 29.0‒34.7% SL, length of anal fin 15.3‒16.8% SL vs. 18.1‒21.2% SL), a more compressed
body (body width at dorsal-fin origin 8.6‒9.8% SL vs. 11.6‒11.8% SL).
Leptobotia micra occurs in the River Li, which drains into the River Gui, a northern tributary of the Pearl
River. The River Li is particularly rich in botiid loaches; including L. micra up to now nine species have been
recorded from this river (Fang 1936, Chen 1980, pers. observ.). Among them are four species of Leptobotia,
namely L. guilinensis, L. micra, L. microphthalma, L. pellegrini. The differences between L. micra and L.
guilinensis and L. microphthalma have been described above. Leptobotia micra differs from L. pellegrini by not
having (vs. having) broad black dorsal saddles and/or bars on the body, by pelvic fins not reaching (vs. reaching)
anus, by having smaller eyes (1.8‒2.0% SL vs. 2.3‒2.9% SL) and a less strongly forked caudal fin (length of
median lobe 1.3‒1.4 times in length of lower lobe vs. 1.8‒2.0 times). Other species of Leptobotia recorded from the
Pearl River basin are L. punctata and L. posterodorsalis; for differences between these two species and L. micra
see above.
Leptobotia micra seems to be an exceptionally small species of this genus. Although the limited number of
known specimens does not allow conclusions on the maximum size of the species, the fact that females of less than
5 cm SL bear developing oocytes indicates a small size at maturation.
Comparative material. Leptobotia bellacauda: SNHM 20160220, holotype, 70.1 mm SL; PR China, Anhui
province, Qiupu River; SNHM 20160221‒20160224, paratypes, 4 specimens, 64.6‒76.7 mm SL, ZRC 54802,
paratypes, 2 specimens, 71.7‒73.4 mm SL; same data as holotype; Leptobotia citrauratea: AMNH 8402, holotype,
50 mm SL; China: Hunan prov.: Lake Dongting (by photographs); Leptobotia elongata: IAPG A8553-8560
(normally banded form), 8 specimens, 68.7‒85.2 mm SL, IAPG A8550-8551 (plain grey form), 2 specimens,
82.2‒86.5 mm SL; both PR China: Sechuan prov., Yangtze River; Leptobotia flavolineata: BMAM 762196,
holotype, about 84 mm SL; PR China: Beijing prov.: Juma River (by photographs); Leptobotia guilinensis: IAPG
A8861‒8883, 23 specimens, 62.7‒80.3 mm SL; PR China: Guangxi: Li River. Leptobotia hengyangensis: IHASW
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FIGURE 4. Species of Leptobotia with plain brown body and white dots along middorsal line, a–b) L. citrauratea, a) AMNH
8402, holotype, 50 mm SL; PR China: Hunan prov.: Lake Dongting, photos by R. Arrindell; b) IAPG A8663, 38.8 mm SL; PR
China: Jiangxi prov.: market in Nanchang; c) L. taeniops, IAPG A8549, 73.5 mm SL; PR China: Sechuan prov.: Yangtze River
at Yibing. d) L. guilinensis, IAPG A8864, 78.9 mm SL; PR China: Guangxi prov.: River Li at Guilin, right side, reversed.
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LEPTOBOTIA MICRA, NEW SPECIES
FIGURE 5. Species of Leptobotia with plain brown or grey body but without row of white dots along middorsal line. a–b) L.
elongata, a) normal banded form, IAPG A8556, 84.8 mm SL; b) plain grey form, IAPG A8550, 82.2 mm SL; c) L. rubrilabris,
plain brown form, IAPG A8552, 85.7 mm SL; all three PR China: Sechuan prov.: Yangtze River at Yibing; d) L.
microphthalma, IAPG A9124, 76.3 mm SL; PR China: Sechuan prov.: River Jiu Ling;
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FIGURE 5. (Continued) e–g) L. tientaiensis, e) holotype of L. compressicauda, AMNH 9682, 93.2 mm SL; PR China: Fujian
prov.: Chungan Hsien, photos by Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, f) paratype of L.
hansuiensis, IHASW 790940, about 87 mm SL; PR China: Shaanxi Prov.: Langao, photos by E Zhang and L. Cao, Institute of
Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; g) IAPG A9173, 51.3 mm SL; PR China: Zhejiang prov.: Tientai county; h) L.
bellacauda, SNHM 20160220, holotype, 70.1 mm SL; PR China: Anhui prov.: Qiupu River.
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80013, syntype, 1; PR China: Hunan: Xiang River (by photographs). Leptobotia microphthalma: IAPG
A8536‒8543, 9 specimens, 66.3‒81.4 mm SL; PR China: Sichuan: Min River. Leptobotia orientalis: BMAM
80VI0030, paratype, 80 mm SL; PR China: Beijing prov.: Juma River (by photographs); Leptobotia pellegrini:
IAPG A1813-1815, 3 specimens, 110.0‒146.3 mm SL, IAPG A8561, 1 specimen, 81.2 mm SL; both: PR China:
Sichuan prov.: Yangtze River; Leptobotia punctata: IAPG A9101, 1 specimen, 53.2 mm SL; PR China: Guangxi:
Yong River. Leptobotia rubrilabris: IAPG A8552; 1 specimen, 85.7 mm SL; PR China: Sichuan prov.: Yangtze
River; IAPG A10065, 1 specimen, 93.8 mm SL; PR China: Anhui prov.: Qiantang River; Leptobotia taeniops:
IAPG A8562-8566, 5 specimens, 75.1‒91.5 mm SL; PR China: Jiangxi prov.: Gan Jiang; Leptobotia tientaiensis:
IHASW 790940 (syntype of L. tientaiensis hansuiensis Fang & Hsu), 1, PR China: Shaanxi: Langao (by
photographs); IAPG A10063, 1, XX mm SL; PR China: Hubei prov.: Hansui River basin; AMNH 9682 (holotype
of L. compressicauda Nichols), 93.2 mm SL; PR China: Fujian prov.: Chungan Hsien (by photographs); AMNH
11131 (paratypes of L. compressicauda), 7 specimens, 64.5‒94.6 mm SL; PR China: Fujian prov.: Chungan Hsien
(by photographs); IAPG A9173, 1 specimen, 51.3 mm SL; PR China: Zhejiang: River in Tiantai Mountains.
Leptobotia tchangi: IAPG 9167‒9172, 6 specimens, 62.6‒111.8 mm SL, PR China: Zhejiang: Qiantang River.
Further data taken from Aquatic Research Institute of Guangxi (2006), Bohlen & Šlechtová (2016), Li et al.
(2008), Xu et al. (1981), and Ye et al. (2015).
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank Zhou Hang, Er Mian, Hou Mian and Wu Zhehao for their help with obtaining samples. Fabian
Herder and Serkan Güse kindly radiographed our material and Radfort Arrindell, Liang Cao, E Zhang and Yahui
Zhao provided photographs of type material in their care. The study was supported by grant 13‒37277 S of the
Czech Science Foundation.
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