Content uploaded by Kalthum Maulood
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Kalthum Maulood on May 15, 2017
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Study of Effect of Methomyl on Some Hematological, Biochemical Parameters and Histological Changes in Male Albino Rats
Abstract and Figures
Abstract
This study has been designed to study the effect of methomyl on hemodynamic, liver and kidney in rats. Methomyl compound (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg. bw) was orally administered once per a day during a period of 28 days of the experiment. Results showed a significant(P<0.05) decrease in the level of WBC, HCT, MCHC and a non-significant decrease in the level of RBC, HB, MCV, MCH, was observed in the methomyl group, while the level of PLT significantly increased in Methomyl group in comparison with control group. Non-significant decrease in a level of serum urea in all three groups of Methomyl, while serum creatinine level deceased non-significantly in group1 and group 2, but increased non-significantly in group3 of Methomyl when compared with control group. A Significant decrease in the level of HDL, with significant increase in the level of serum cholesterol, ALT and AST. A non-significant increase in the level of TG, LDL, VLDL and ALP of methomyl group when compared with control group. The Histology of liver of rat treated with 0.5,1 and 2, mg / kg bw. methomyl showed that dilation of the central vein, sinusoids between hypertrophied hepatocytes and cytoplasmic vacuolization with the loss of radial arrangement of cells, Meanwhile, kidney showed some changes including glomerular degeneration, tubular degeneration, hemorrhage, infiltration and glomerular shrinkage.
Figures - uploaded by Kalthum Maulood
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Kalthum Maulood
Content may be subject to copyright.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Objective: To determine the efficacy of nicotinic acid on the lipid profile of diabetic and non diabetic rats.
Methods: This was an experimental study done at the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan between May 2010 to July 2010. Nicotinic acid was administered to a hypercholesterolemic group and a hypercholesterolemic + diabetic Group of Albino rats for 42 days and response to therapy was recorded on day 21 and day 42 of the experiment. Comparison among these two groups as well as three control groups was determined by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and differences were considered significant at (P<0.05). A total of 50 rats were included in the study.
Results: Lipid profile of the hypercholesterolemic group as well as hypercholesterolemic + diabetic group as compared with the control groups showed highly significant improvement on the day 21 and day 42 of the experiment. The values of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total lipids (TL) showed highly significant decrease whereas serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol showed highly significant increase.
Conclusion: Nicotinic acid is the most effective agent available in increasing HDL cholesterol and lowering serum TC, triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol and TL in hypercholesterolemic Diabetic and hypercholesterolemic non-diabetic Albino rats.
On February 21, 2013, 6 elderly people collapsed abruptly after eating bean sprout bibimbab (boiled rice mixed with bean sprouts and seasoned with soybean sauce) at a countryside restaurant in the Chungbuk Province, Korea. Minutes after eating the meal, all of the patients lapsed into a state of stupor. Respiratory arrest developed in 2 patients; and one of two patients died of cardiac arrest. The autopsy identified methomyl and methanol in the deceased patient's gastric contents and in the remaining soybeanbean sauce seasoning. Five of the 6 patients ingested one spoonful of the soybeanbean sauce seasoning and survived, while one patient who died of cardiac arrest, ingested approximately two spoons. Symptoms of toxicity presented quickly in the subjects and progressed rapidly, including chest tightness, an unusual sensation in the pit of the stomach, dizziness, ataxia, and finally, collapse. Three patients who drank ethanol with the meal experienced only mild toxic symptoms. Our analysis of the clinical observations in these cases suggests that ingestion of methomyl pesticide and the additive toxicity of methanol may have been responsible for the intoxication.
This study was carried out to survey the presence of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides in water resources in Kafr-El-Shiekh governorate, Egypt. Moreover, to evaluate toxicological effects of one of the most frequently detected compound (malathion), with respect to some biochemical parameters (acetyl cholinesterase [AChE], alkaline phasphatase [ALP], glutamic-Pyrovic transaminase [GPT], glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT]and glutathion-S-transferase[GST]) in blood and histopathological changes of treated rats organs (kidney and liver). Furthermore, to evaluate efficacy of different remediation techniques (advanced oxidation processes [AOPs] and bioremediation) for removing the tested insecticide in aquatic system. Malathion was detected with high frequency and concentration level relative to other detected organophosphorus in water resources in Kafr-El-Sheikh Governorate. The tested insecticide at dose level of 10 mg kg-1 induced significant toxicity against the treated rats relative to control with the respect to biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in selected rats organs. Photo-Fenton like reagent was the most effective treatment for malathion removal followed by Fe 3+ /UV, H2O2/UV, UV and Fe 3+ /H2O2 systems, respectively. Bioremediation of malathion by Pseudomonas sp. (EB20) isolate removed 75% of its initial concentration. This study concluded that, malathion at the tested concentration level in water expected to induce side effects on human health. Bioremediation using Pseudomonas sp. (EB20) can be regarded as a safe remediation technology for malathion in drinking water and the photo-Fenton like reagent would be more preferable in wastewater.
This study was carried out to evaluate toxicological effects of methomyl at low concentration level with respect to some biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase [AChE], alkaline phasphates [ALP], glutamic-pyrovic transaminase [GPT], glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT] and glutathion-S-transferase [GST]) and histopathological changes of treated rats organs (kidney and liver). Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of different remediation techniques (advanced oxidation processes [AOPs] and bioremediation) for removing the tested insecticide in aquatic system. The tested insecticide at dose level of 10 mg kg-1 induced significant toxicity against the treated rats relative to control with respect to biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in treated rats. Photo-Fenton like reagent was the most effective chemical remediation treatment for methomyl removal in aquatic system followed by than Fe 3+ /UV, H 2 O 2 /UV, Fe 3+ /H 2 O 2 and UV only systems, respectively. Bioremediation of methomyl using Pseudomonas sp. (EB20) isolate removed 77% of its initial concentration. This study concluded that, methomyl at the tested concentration level in water is expected to induce side effects on human health. Bioremediation using Pseudomonas sp. (EB20) can be regarded as a safe remediation technology of methomyl in drinking water. However the photo-Fenton like reagent would be more preferable as effective treatment of methomyl in wastewater.
Methomyl (MET) is used worldwide in agriculture and health programs. Besides its advantages in the agriculture, it causes several toxic effects. The objective of this study was to examine the potential ability of vitamin C and/or selenium (Se), to alleviate the oxidative damage parameters, against MET-induced changes in blood biochemical markers and oxidative damage in liver and kidney of male Wistar rats. The animals were randomized into five groups of eight each: group I served as control rats; group II received MET (8 mg/kg body weight (BW)) in drinking water; group III received both MET and vitamin C (200 mg/kg BW; by intraperitoneal injection); group IV received both MET and Se (0.6 mg/100 g BW). Animals of group V were treated with MET, vitamin C and Se. A significant increase in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase) was determined. Furthermore, renal markers such as urea and creatinine were increased in MET-treated rats. Additionally, serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly enhanced. Exposure of rats to MET caused significant increase in malondialdehyde levels, thus causing a drastic alteration in antioxidant defense system, particularly in the activities of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. However, simultaneous supplementation with vitamin C and Se restored these parameters partially. In conclusion, the results of the current study revealed that MET-induced toxicity caused perturbations of some biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation and alterations in the antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney homogenates. Administration of vitamin C and Se exhibited protective effect by inhibiting MET-induced toxicity in liver and kidney.
Pesticides formulations are complex mixtures and the toxicity information on active ingredients alone is not sufficient to evaluate the risk of adverse health effects of commercial pesticides. So the present study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of exposure to formulated chlorpyrifos-ethyl (9.60 mg kg-1 b.wt.), chlorpyrifos-methyl (300 mg kg-1 b.wt.) and methomyl (1.70 mg kg-1 b.wt.) on some haematological and biochemical parameters of male rats given repetitive oral doses for 90 consecutive days. There was significant decrease in body weight gain of chlorpyrifos-ethyl, chlorpyrifos-methyl and methomyl and increase in relative liver and kidney weights of chlorpyrifos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos-methyl treated rats. Chlorpyrifos-methyl caused significant decrease in Hb cone. Haematocrit value (PCV, %) and Red Blood Cells (RCBs) counts, while chlorpyrifos-ethyl and methomyl caused significant decrease in PCV% and White Blood Cells (WBCs) counts. All of the tested insecticides increased significantly serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) activities and decreased significantly the total protein level. In addition, the tested insecticides caused significant increase in serum uric acid and creatinine. We can conclude that both technical and formulated methomyl and chlorpyrifos-ethyl and its methyl analogues caused significant alteration on hematological and biochemical parameter of mal rats. The effects of commercial form of tested insecticides were more pronounced than its technical form.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effects of fenthion on the liver and kidney and the correlation between severity of organ damage and serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme levels. Materials and Methods: Ninety rats were randomly subdivided into control group and 4 study groups. Control group was administered 1 ml of saline intraperitoneally. Study groups received 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg of fenthion, intraperitoneally. Blood samples and renal and hepatic tissues were collected 24 h after dosing and survival was monitored for 7 days. Results: Mortality was observed in 2 rats receiving 75 mg/kg fenthion and in 3 rats receiving 100 mg/kg fenthion within 2 days of the experiment. There was a correlation between the fenthion dosage and increase in the blood levels of liver enzyme, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Plasma BChE enzyme levels in rats receiving 75 and 100 mg/kg fenthion were statistically lower compared to rats receiving 25-50 mg/kg fenthion at 24 h. Histopathologic examination of the liver and kidney indicated a significant injury only in rats receiving 100 mg/kg fenthion. Conclusion: The organophosphate fenthion, particularly at high dosage, has a toxic effect on the liver and kidney and its toxicity is correlated with BChE enzyme levels.