AN ANALYSIS OF MARINE PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS OF GOA’S FISHERIES SECTOR

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AN ANALYSIS OF MARINE PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS OF GOA’S
FISHERIES SECTOR
SANCHILIANA FARIA1 Dr MANOJ KAMAT 2
1 Research Scholar & Associate Professor, Faculty in MES College of Arts & Commerce,
Zuarinagar,Goa
2 Associate Professor & Senior Faculty of Damodar College, Goa.
ABSTRACT
Fisheries sector plays a significant role for socio economic development of country.The contribution
of the fishing industry to the development of the State economy has been increasing over the years as
measured by its percentage share in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) and its share in the total
output of the primary sector, (GOG,2013). The study endeavours to make a comparative analysis of
the annual growth rate and compounded annual growth rate of fish production in Goa and India from
2001-2014. It also examines the percentage of jetty-wise fish, variety wise marine and inland fish
catch in Goa in from 1998 to 2015. The study focuses on the growth performance in major item wise
exports of Goa‘s marine products during year 2005 to 2014. Secondary data was analysed by using
statistical tools ie descriptive statistics i.e mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation,
ANOVA,and simple regression analysis to study the contribution of the fisheries sector to Goa‘s
economy. Gross domestic product of Goa is highly influenced by the contribution made by the
fisheries sector in Goa.
Keywords: Marine production, marine exports, compounded annual growth & contribution of
fisheries sector to GSDP.
Introduction
India was the second largest producer of fish in the world contributing to 5.68% of global fish
production in 2013-14. It is not only a source of livelihood for over 14 million people, but also is
important for socio economic development of country. The vast resources of both inland and marine
are indicative of the immense growth potential of the sector, (Goswami and Zade (2015).Shrimps
form an important component of the marine fisheries of India. Since early 1960s, till today Indian
shrimps have found a place in the export market fetching substantial foreign exchange.
Fishing has been one of the chief occupations and the source of livelihood to the population living in
the coastal areas of Goa. Fishing is one of the important economic activities of the state, next only to
mining and tourism. The fishing industry has made some progress in recent years. Marine and fresh
water fishery contributes significantly to the state‘s economy. Goa has a reasonable scope for fisheries
production mainly from marine capture, brackish water and inland culture resources. The study of
fisheries sector endeavours to examine the contribution of the fishing industry to Goa‘ economic
development in terms of marine and inland fish production, marine exports and the impact of
contribution of the fisheries sector to Gross State Domestic Product of Goa.
Almost 9.7% population is directly or indirectly involved in fishing activities carried across the
state.The fisheries population for the year 2013 was 30,225 in Goa and population of active fishermen
was 11,944, (GOG,2014). The traditional sector contributes 26% of the total fish landings as against
74% by the mechanized sector.The marine production in Goa has increased from 24,600 to 87,984 tons
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during the period of 1965 to 2013, experiencing a fluctuating trend. Mackerels and sardines contribute
about 50% of the Marine catch, (GOG, 2014). The maximum sustainable yield for Goa is computed at
around 85,407 tons over the years.The dominant species in the state production has been the pelagic
resource of mackerels and sardines which has been contributing to around 50% of the oceanic
catch.The average marine fish production for the last decade was 89,230 tons a year, (GOG,2015).
The dominant demersal species have been the prawns, squids & cuttle fish. These are also the
commercially important species of the state, which contributes largely to the exports.The most
important species of penaeid shrimp caught along the Goa coast is Metapenaeus dobsoni. In Goa, it is
popularly known as the solar shrimp. The species is very important to the entire fishing industry, both
traditional and mechanised sectors. The high demand for shrimps in the international market, has led
to the indiscriminate exploitation of all the shrimp species.However, its fishery is facing challenging
problems of sustainable exploitation and management.
Objectives of the study
Keeping in view the above perspective, the main objectives of the study are set out as follows:
1. To make a comparative analysis of the annual growth rate and compounded annual growth
rate of fish production in Goa and India from 2001-2014
2. To study the percentage of Jetty-wise fish, variety wise marine and inland fish catch in Goa
from 1998 to 2015.
3. To study the growth performance in major item wise exports of Goa‘s marine products during
year 2005 to 2014.
4. To analyse the contribution of the fisheries sector to GSDP of Goa.
Literature review
This section follows the secondary research methodology and presents a review of literature on
marine production and exports of the fisheries industry. This can be justified by the following
literature put forth related to the study.
Studies in Indian context:
Studies related to marine production
James (1988) in his study analysed that pelagic resources play a key role in the overall marine fish
production in India. Marine fish production from the Indian seas has shown considerable increase
during the past four decades.
Devaraj et al., (1998) reviewed the marine fish production in the state vis-a-vis the potential yield,
assessed the economic performance of trawlers and motorised gillnetters, analysed the distribution
pattern of marine fish in the internal market and the performance of marine fishery exports, evaluated
the capacity utilisation of processing plants and suggested policy measures for improvements in
production and marketing of marine fish in the state of Gujarat.
Goswami and Zade (2015), made a study on ‗Statistical Analysis of Fish Production in India‘, to
understand actual growth rate comparison to previous years. Their study showed that India is a major
producer of fish through aquaculture and ranks second in the world after China.
Studies on marine exports
Balassa (1965) suggested that Export Performance Ratio (EPR) can be used to indicate the
comparative advantage of the fisheries sector. The comparative advantage of fisheries sector for India
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has been measured by the share of fisheries in the India's total exports(Sij) relative to the fisheries
share in total world exports (Siw). The study assumes that important variables that determine the
demand for fisheries products (Qxd) from India are: (i) Indian export prices (IEPx); (ii) non-Indian
international prices of fisheries products (WPx); (iii) amount of international trade in fisheries (ITF);
and (iv) the exchange rate, i e, rupees per dollar (ER).
The Marine Products Export
Development Authority (MPEDA, 2002), found that the quantum of
export earnings from capture shrimp has been more or less around 50 -55 thousand tonnes, in spite of
several fold increase in the fishing effort. Thus, the study logically concludes that the only alternative
for augmenting export earnings is to culture shrimp.
Batziosc (2014), studied about investigating export performance and competitiveness of Balkan and
eastern European fisheries sector. Their study concluded that estimated RCA indices reveal a
competitive advantage for the most important species exported in all individual countries.
Salim et al., (2015), made a study titled‗Does India Really Need to Export Fish: Reflections and
Upshots‘. In their study they found that the status of fish food security in India production across
sectors, export growth analysing price realization in the domestic and export markets. The price
comparison of exported fish species has indicated higher prices in domestic than export market. The
study has revealed significant deleterious fish demand-supply mismatch in domestic market and has
advocated for government interventions in regulating fish exports.
Studies related to Fisheries Sector in Goa
Parulekar (1989) worked on how to increase the marine fish production, and suggested the strategies
to future development of fisheries production of Goa.
Jakati (2011) studied very systematically fishing industry of Goa, highlighting types of fisheries,
varieties of fish catch in Goa, and the factors that controls the fishing activities in Goa.
Morkar (2014) studied ‗Prospects of Fishery Sector in Goa‘. He examined the growth of fishing
industry problems and prospects of fishing activities. He concluded that share of fishery in GSDP of
agriculture and allied sector was 1.23% in 2011-12. According to his study, during the year 2012 the
marine fish production was 86628 tonnes and inland fish production was 3887 tonnes from which
40000 tonnes was exported and Rs 36844 lakhs foreign exchange was earned.
Research Methodology
The study covers the state of Goa. The methodologies followed in the research study are
systematically presented under the following major heads.
(i) Type of data collection
(ii) Hypotheses of the study.
(iii) Statistical tools used for analysis
(iv) Variables
(v) Data analysis and interpretation
(vi) Findings and conclusion
i)Type of data collection
The study is based on secondary data. In this phase the researcher has made an analytical study to
analyse the contribution made by the fishing industry to Goa‘s economic development in terms of fish
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production and exports.Secondary data is collected on marine production, exports from Handbook of
Statistics, Government of India (2014), Directorate of Fisheries, Government of Goa (2015), Food and
Agricultural organization (FAO) 2011, Fisheries journals, MPEDA, Directorate of Planning, Statistics
and Evaluation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Complex Old Goa(I.C.A.R.), CMFRI etc,.
ii) Hypotheses of the study
In the study hypotheses have been formulated for fish production and exports in Goa which are
covered in the study.
iii)Statistical tools used for data analysis
The data for the above objectives is time series data. For analyzing the data collected during
investigation, statistical tools/statistical techniques used for the study include descriptive statistics i.e
mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, ANOVA, and simple regression analysis
iv)Variables
The variables taken for the study are fish production of India and Goa, species wise fish exports in
Goa, important variety wise quantity of Inland Fish Catch in Goa and marine fish catch in Goa (in
M.tonnes), Jetty wise fish production in Goa, variety wise exports of fish from Goa.
v) Data Analysis and Interpretation
Data on fish production and marine exports in Goa is analysed in the form of tables and graphs. Data
of India and Goa is also analysed in the below given tables and graphs. The findings and conclusions
are drawn from the study given below:-
Table 1 - Fish production in Goa and India during 2001 to 2014
Year
Percentage
of fish
production
in India
Percentage
of fish
production
in Goa
% share of
Goa in
total fish
production
of India
Annual growth
rate
Compounded Annual
Growth Rate
(CAGR)(%)
India
Goa
India
Goa
2001-02
5.83
5.44
1.13
2002-03
6.07
6.75
1.35
4.10
23.97
0.04
0.24
2003-04
6.26
6.80
1.32
3.21
0.76
0.03
0.01
2004-05
6.17
8.31
1.64
(-)1.47
22.15
(-)0.01
0.22
2005-06
6.43
7.76
1.47
4.23
(-)6.52
0.04
(-)0.07
2006-07
6.72
7.35
1.33
4.52
(-)5.37
0.05
(-)0.05
2007-08
6.97
7.15
1.25
3.76
(-)2.65
0.04
(-)0.03
2008-09
7.45
6.50
1.06
6.83
(-)9.11
0.07
(-)0.09
2009-10
7.82
7.01
1.09
5.04
7.90
0.05
0.08
2010-11
8.05
6.94
1.05
2.91
(-)1.01
0.03
(-)0.01
2011-12
8.48
6.98
1.00
5.28
0.51
0.05
0.01
2012-13
8.84
7.09
0.97
4.32
1.57
0.04
0.02
2013-14
9.37
10.32
1.34
5.96
45.60
0.06
0.46
Source: i) Computed from data of Statistical Handbook, Department of Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry, 2014
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ii) Computed from data of Directorate of Fisheries, Govt of Goa, 2015
The data furnished in Table 1, indicatesthat the percentage share of Goa in total fish production in
India has also shown variation from decade to decade. Goa‘s share in terms of percentage in the total
fish production in India has shown signs of decline from 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09 &
2010-11. As evident from the explanatory part of the sources, Annual Growth Rate and Compound
Annual Growth Rate in the Table 1, have been calculated as under:
Annual Growth Rate:- Growth of Production of an year expressed as a percentage of the preceding
years production. i.e. production of (2002-03 – 2001-02) x 100/ production of 2001-02 = growth rate
of 2002-03.
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR): It is the geometric mean growth rate on an annualized
basis. CAGR is calculated as follows:
CAGR= ((end value/start value)) ^ (1/n))-1.
Table 1, shows that the annual growth rate of total fish production in India has shown variations over
the years. It has become negative for the year 2004-05, i.e 1.47.The annual growth rate was highest
for the year 2008-09, i.e 6.83. The annual growth rate of total fish production in Goa has shown
negative growth for the years 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08,&2008-09 &2010-11. However, it was
highest for the year 2013-14.
Table 1,also brings to light the Annual growth rate figures of fish production of India and the state
which is highly inconsistent. In case of India, the annual growth rate was negative for the year 2004-
05. In case of Goa it shows negative figures for 5 years ie 2005-06 to 2008-09 and 2010-11. It is
characterized by wide fluctuations over the last 13 years.
The compounded annual growth rate data showing ―geometric mean growth rate on an annualized
basis‖ as shown in the table 1 seems to be more insignificant because of their inconsistency over the
years from 2002-03 to 2013-14. The CAGR of India has increased from 0.04 to 0.06 except for the
year 2004-05 it has become negative 0.01% and that of the Goa the CAGR has increased from 0.24 to
0.46 %. However, there are wide fluctuations in case of the CAGR of the state ie it has become
negative for 5 years. It is alarming for the years 2005-06 to 2008-09 and 2010-11.
Exhibit 2. Line graph showing variety wise quantity of marine fish catch in Goa from 1998-2015
Source: (Line graph prepared from data of Directorate of Fisheries , Goa, 2015)
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Table 2. Percentage of important variety wise quantity of marine fish catch in Goa (in m.tonnes)
during the year 1998 to 2015
Year
Mackerals
(Bangdo)
Sardines
(Tarlo)
Seer Fish
(Wiswan)
Prawns
Silver
Belly
(Kampi)
Soles
(Lepo)
Sciaenoids
(Dodiaro)
Others
1998
34.05
32.09
2.20
4.59
2.13
3.14
6.11
15.69
1999
34.55
38.25
1.64
2.91
1.24
2.35
5.32
13.73
2000
29.76
35.58
2.51
4.10
2.75
3.65
4.95
16.70
2001
24.09
36.41
4.66
1.48
6.47
2.96
4.16
19.78
2002
13.93
53.20
2.11
3.95
5.73
2.89
2.80
15.39
2003
8.12
43.41
3.20
9.36
3.85
4.13
3.94
23.99
2004
8.87
48.15
4.90
7.86
3.50
2.84
3.71
20.17
2005
13.69
32.20
10.89
12.08
2.33
2.34
3.66
22.80
2006
15.07
37.60
4.33
11.15
3.92
2.88
2.96
22.09
2007
24.29
34.73
5.36
10.50
2.02
2.37
2.36
18.37
2008
21.81
44.76
4.96
9.80
2.22
2.36
3.65
10.43
2009
21.23
32.88
3.20
13.71
2.77
2.14
3.09
20.99
2010
31.12
30.99
1.60
13.02
2.07
2.10
1.80
17.30
2011
29.00
34.58
2.42
10.49
1.33
5.24
1.90
15.05
2012
22.78
43.79
2.06
11.44
1.46
4.70
2.08
11.68
2013
17.81
43.35
3.77
11.48
4.56
3.53
1.95
13.54
2014
8.68
68.09
1.37
7.82
1.68
3.35
1.52
7.49
2015
11.39
59.99
2.48
9.44
1.30
4.70
2.06
8.64
Total
19.61
42.82
3.59
9.00
2.73
3.24
3.04
15.97
Source: (Computed from data of Directorate of Fisheries , Goa, 2015)
The above table 2and line graph exhibit 2 shows the important marine fish catch in Goa from 1998 -
2015. The highest marine fish catch was of Sardines, followed by mackerals , and others. Silver Belly
is the lowest marine fish catch during the above period.
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Table 3. Percentage of important variety wise quantity of inland fish in catch in Goa (In
M.tonnes) during the year 1998 to 2015
Year
s
Prawns
Small
Mullet
s
Gerre
s
Cat
Fish
Pearl
Spot
Ambasis
Black
Water
Clamps
Fals
Clamps
Miscellane
ous
1998
22.35
5.30
0.71
9.70
1.36
2.98
7.08
10.41
34.44
1999
18.54
6.79
3.81
8.28
0.93
3.41
19.14
1.59
30.20
2000
22.45
8.84
6.07
7.29
1.71
3.89
20.97
2.74
18.96
2001
15.50
11.02
6.57
9.28
2.94
3.56
15.20
4.81
23.24
2002
36.15
5.43
2.23
9.58
2.23
4.19
2.26
11.06
19.77
2003
29.28
5.60
2.01
8.72
1.86
2.82
21.67
5.81
17.47
2004
30.02
5.66
1.98
6.23
1.79
2.52
22.99
5.44
18.07
2005
22.29
6.44
2.49
6.54
2.21
2.86
22.29
5.07
23.82
2006
30.18
6.04
2.16
6.04
1.97
2.71
22.13
4.78
18.71
2007
37.12
10.66
3.62
5.08
5.31
0.41
27.64
3.20
0.00
2008
20.04
10.67
2.84
4.04
4.91
0.95
10.78
12.64
27.76
2009
19.78
12.00
3.07
4.61
5.47
1.54
10.63
5.06
31.56
2010
10.85
11.53
3.32
5.44
5.60
1.04
10.75
18.08
26.68
2011
9.11
12.34
4.09
6.75
7.00
2.08
4.16
18.93
27.08
2012
10.85
11.76
3.01
8.06
7.10
2.07
2.29
13.29
34.19
2013
10.23
8.49
2.78
8.36
6.59
3.31
3.01
19.17
29.68
2014
12.17
7.50
2.05
11.12
6.13
4.17
0.68
14.42
30.82
2015
11.24
11.42
2.08
11.26
7.75
4.10
4.02
16.35
19.60
(Source: Computed from secondary data of Directorate of Fisheries , Govt of Goa, 2015)
Table 3, shows important variety wise quantity of inland fish in catch in Goa (In M.tonnes) during
the year 1998 to 2015that during the period from 1998-2015, the highest inland fish catch in Goa was
of miscellaneous , followed by small prawns and the lowest fish catch was of Ambasis.
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Table 4. Percentage of Jetty-wise fish catch in Goa in tonnes from 1998 to 2015
Year
Malim
Cutbona
Vasco
Chapora
Talpona
Others
1998
34.06
9.19
17.35
6.75
4.79
27.87
1999
44.37
12.28
12.64
1.73
1.24
27.74
2000
36.38
18.72
12.77
1.76
1.01
29.36
2001
35.11
22.40
10.63
1.17
1.21
29.48
2002
22.43
22.64
24.21
1.99
0.70
28.02
2003
20.23
26.14
23.61
1.88
0.60
27.53
2004
18.20
20.75
34.30
0.84
0.59
25.31
2005
19.80
15.95
30.13
1.54
0.41
32.17
2006
14.93
36.27
33.33
0.94
0.44
14.10
2007
16.18
16.01
40.99
1.34
0.17
25.31
2008
18.41
11.30
39.24
0.86
0.12
30.07
2009
21.72
11.63
36.18
0.38
0.20
29.89
2010
18.11
25.11
32.69
0.84
0.11
23.15
2011
12.65
28.87
31.41
1.75
0.17
25.14
2012
12.92
36.55
22.59
2.05
0.66
25.23
2013
27.86
30.22
20.36
0.88
1.04
19.64
2014
17.41
56.48
11.34
0.57
0.37
13.84
2015
26.07
42.66
15.87
1.33
0.34
13.73
Source: (Computed from data of Directorate of Fisheries, Goa, 2015)
Table 4, shows that Cutbona jetty has the highest percentage of fish catch followed by other jetties
,Vasco , and Malim jetty and Talpona has the lowest percentage of fish catch from the years 1998-
2015.
Exhibit 4. Line graph showing jetty wise fish catch in tonnes in Goa from 1998-2015
Source: (Line graph prepared with data of Directorate of Fisheries , Goa, 2015)
The above exhibit 4, line graph shows that Cutbona jetty had the highest fish catch followed by
Vasco, others and Malim jetty. The lowest fish catch was at Talpona jetty from the years 1998-2015.
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Table 5. Descriptive Statistics ie Mean, Standard deviation, & Coefficient of Variation for fish
catch at different jetties in Goa from 1998-2015
Jetties
Mean
Standard deviation
Coefficient of Variation
Malim
18953.9444
5250.31779
0.277004
Cutbona
22488.17
16202.78
0.720503
Vasco
21624.67
9720.362
0.449503
Chapora
1272.222
906.1343
0.712245
Talpona
599.1111
699.5701
1.16768
Others
20686.06
4529.397
0.218959
Table 5,reveals that during the period 1998-2015, the mean of fish catch was highest for Cutbona jetty
and lowest for Talpona jetty. The standard deviation in case of fish catch at Talpona jetty is higher
than the mean so based on standard deviation it can be concluded that there is variability in the fish
catch at Talpona jetty. In case of Malim, Cutbona, Vasco Chapora and other jetties the standard
deviation is less than the mean so there is no much variability in fish catch at these jetties. The
variability in case of other jetties is less as compared to the other jetties. It means the data is
consistent.
Following hypotheses have been formulated for fish catch at different jetties in Goa
H0: Means values of all the jetties in Goa of fish catch are equal.
H1: Mean values of all the jetties in Goa of fish catch are not equal.
Table 6. Hypothesis results showing mean and variance of fish catch at all jetties
Jetties in Goa
Sum
Average
Variance
Malim
341171
18953.94
27565837
Cutbona
404787
22488.17
2.63E+08
Vasco
389244
21624.67
94485441
Chapora
22900
1272.222
821079.4
Talpona
10784
599.1111
489398.3
Others
372349
20686.06
20515440
The above table 6 shows that the mean values of jetties in Goa for fish catch are not equal.
Table 7. Hypothesis results of one way ANOVA of fish catch between different jetties in Goa
from 1998-2015
ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Sum of
squares
Degrees
of
freedom
Mean
sum of
squares
F-value
P-value
F crit
Between Groups
9.73E+09
5
1.95E+09
28.73056
4.42E-
18
2.303493
Within Groups
6.91E+09
102
67734559
Total
1.66E+10
107
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From the above Anova table 7, it is observed that the F value ie 28.73056is greater than F critical
value, ie 2.303493. Therefore, reject null hypotheses and accept the null hypotheses.
Table 8.Correlation Matrix between the jetties in Goa from 1998- 2015
Correlation
Malim
Cutbona
Vasco
Chapora
Talpona
Others
Malim
1
Cutbona
0.083080161
1
Vasco
-0.655295635
-0.06880593
1
Chapora
0.087430987
-0.20036532
-0.26769
1
Talpona
0.367727029
-0.22194691
-0.49916
0.849361
1
Others
-0.312514884
-0.3755244
0.477551
-0.02006
-0.22339
1
According to the above matrix Table 8, the variables either have positive or negative interrelationship
amongst them and none of them display linear dependency. In the study we find highest positive
correlation of fish catch between Chapora and Talpona jetty from 1998-2015. This means that if the
fish catch at Chapora increases than the fish at Talpona also increases. In case of Vasco and Malim
jetty there is highest negative correlation. This indicates that if Vasco jetty fish catch is increasing
than it means that fish catch at Talpona jetty is decreasing and vice-versa.
Table 9.Simple Regression Analysis showing growth performance in major item wise exports of
Goa’s marine products (in quantity in tonnes)during year 2005 to 2014
Dependent variable: Quantity of fish exports
Particulars
Constant
Regression
Coefficient
P- value
R squared
Coefficient
of variation
(percent)
Fr_Shrimps
21770.2
8.53654
0.01059**
0.124013
2.99078
Fr__Cuttle_fish
14399.2
6.55319
0.00291***
0.478722
1.14071
Fr__Squides
14486.3
6.30591
0.00143***
0.569192
1.25580
Fr__Fresh_Fish
21448.6
0.364023
0.31917
0.31917
1.62597
Fr__Tuna
21237
77.8243
0.00586***
0.165298
2.65550
Ribbon_Fish
16497.1
2.28755
0.08956*
0.256322
1.08313
Indian_Mackerels
16404.5
1.72457
0.01487**
0.441383
1.40290
Reef_cod
18969.5
15.4956
0.04199**
0.184270
1.41450
Seer_fish
24192.9
-5.86429
0.71353
0.006991
1.94867
Assorted_Fish
22127.8
1.66594
0.01743**
0.097813
3.32598
Other_fishes
12769.3
1.72825
0.00710***
0.418515
0.905258
Source : (Computed from data of Directorate, Fisheries, Govt of Goa,2015)
NS: * Not significant
** Significant at 5% level (p 0.05)
*** Significant at 1% level (p 0.01)
Table 9, shows trend, growth and magnitude of variability of majoritem wise quantity of export of
Goa‘s marine products during year 2005 to 2014. It also highlights that there is no impact of the
species of Fresh fish , Ribbon fish, and sheer fish on the total quantity of fish exported from Goa. The
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remaining species which have impact on the quantity of fish exported are frozen shrimps, Indian
mackerals, reef cod and Assorted fish which are significant at 5%. The remaining species which are
significant at 1% are Fr cuttle fish, Fr squides, Fr tuna and other fishes are significant at 1% .
Table 10.Simple Regression Analysis showing growth performance in major item wise exports
of Goa’s marine products (value in lakhs ) from 2005-2014
Particulars
Constant
Regression
Coefficient
P value
R squared
Coefficient of
variation
(percent)
Fr_Shrimps
17994.8
3.01148
0.00005***
0.331126
3.13131
Fr__Cuttle_fish
10508.6
4.72981
0.00007***
0.706223
1.34703
Fr__Squides
10027.1
5.47789
0.00022***
0.790769
1.36351
Fr__Fresh_Fish
20578.9
0.158542
0.78334
0.003172
1.76818
Fr__Tuna
19359.5
3.21003
0.00267***
0.115151
3.27735
Ribbon_Fish
13822.8
3.05088
0.00444***
0.448967
1.56176
Indian_Mackerels
11216.4
2.62153
0.00147***
0.663116
1.39854
Reef_cod
14522
41.2849
0.00171***
0.335312
1.49270
Seer_fish
21293.6
-1.18155
0.95764
0.000234
1.50559
Assorted_Fish
18413.2
7.26533
0.00008***
0.278816
3.31734
Other_fishes
12795.2
1.66553
0.26662
0.156702
0.808781
Source : (Computed from secondary data of Directorate of Fisheries , Govt of Goa, 2015)
NS: * Not significant
** Significant at 5% level (p 0.05)
*** Significant at 1% level (p 0.01)
The above table 10, shows that Fr Shrimps, Fr Cuttle fish, Fr Squides, Fr Tuna Ribbon Fish,
Indian_Mackerels, Reef_cod and Assorted Fish are significant at 1% and have impact on the quantity
of fish exported from Goa.
Table 11.Descriptive statistics to study the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation
of variety wise fish exports in tons from Goa from 2005 to 2014
Fr.Shri
mps
Fr.
Cuttle
fish
Fr.
Squides
Fr.
Fresh
Fish
Fr. Tuna
Ribbon
Fish
Indian
Mackerels
Reef cod
Mean
168.882
1308.82
1117.65
3795.82
3796.294
671.5294
140.4118
4510.706
Standard
Deviation
520.681
1303.56
1585.08
2912.9
4798.804
789.7881
182.2272
5441.566
Coefficient
of variation
2.54826
2.06103
2.12526
2.03507
2.09944
2.08591
2.10487
2.09047
The above table 11, reveals that mean for Reef cod fish exports is the highest ie 4510.706, as
compared to other species and for Indian mackerels it is the lowest ie 140.4118. Based on the standard
deviation it can be concluded that exports of Reef cod fish is highly instable as the standard deviation
is very high as compared to the other species of fish. Since the standard deviation of reef cod fish is
higher than the mean for the years from 1998 to 2014, there is variability in the exports of reef cod
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fish. In case of Fr cuttle fish, Fr fresh fish the standard deviation is lower than the mean, so there is no
much variability in the exports of these species and the data is normally distributed. The variability is
least in the case of exports of Indian mackerels with standard deviation 182.22. From the descriptive
statistics it can be concluded that the variability is very high in case of exports of Reef cod fish as
compared to other species of fish and Indian mackerels exports are said to be very stable during the
period of study.
Table 12.Gross State Domestic product of Goa at current and constant prices with (Base year-
2004-05)
Years
Fisheries Sector of Goa
% share of Fishing
Industry of Goa in GSDP
of Primary sector
% Growth of fisheries
sector
1997-98
3.05
35.18
1998-99
1.69
-31.92
1999-00
2.17
101.20
2000-01
2.55
11.65
2001-02
2.46
0.01
2002-03
2.33
2.43
2003-04
2.96
36.92
2004-05
2.04
23.25
2005-06
2.38
25.71
2006-07
2.04
-5.58
2007-08
1.80
-7.14
2008-09
1.55
-5.02
2009-10
1.43
1.35
2010-11
1.25
2.09
2011-12
1.02
-1.79
2012-13
0.87
-11.05
Source: (Computed data from Economic Survey of Goa from,1998-2013)
The contribution of the fishing industry to the development of the State economy may be measured in
terms of:
 Its contribution to Gross State Domestic product of Goa (GSDP) &
 Its share in the total output of the primary sector.
Table 12, reveals that the contribution of fishing industry in Goa‘s GSDP since 1998-99 has
never exceeded 3 percent. There is a lack of steady growth in the contribution of fishing
industry to the development of the Goa‘s economy. The decline in its contribution in 2012-13
is a cause of concern.
Simple Regression to analyse the impact of contribution of the fisheries sector to GSDP of Goa.
Dependent variable: Total GSDP of Primary sector
Independent variable: Fisheries sector
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Following two hypotheses are formulated
H0: There is no significant impact of fisheries sector on Gross State Domestic Product of primary
sector in Goa
H1: There is a significant impact of Fisheries sector on Gross State Domestic Product of primary
sector in Goa.
Table 13. Hypothesis results for impact of fisheries sector on GSDP of primary sector of Goa
Particulars
Constant
Regression
Coefficient
P- value
R squared
Sectorwise of
fishing_sector
2.85201e+06
-876772
0.00001***
0.715907
From the above Table 13, it is evident that the gross domestic product of Goa is highly influenced by
the contribution made by the fisheries sector in Goa. Since the p- value obtained is significant at 1%
i.e. The p- value is less than 0.01, thus reject null hypothesis. The r-squared of 0.71 indicates that the
71% of variations in GSDP of primary sector is explained by the fisheries sector.
Findingsof the study
The following findings were drawn from the statistical analysis
Analysis of marine production & exports of Goa
 The compounded annual growth rate of marine and inland fish production of India has
fluctuated from 2001-2014.
 Annual growth rate figures of fish production of India and the state is highly inconsistent
 Cutbona jetty has the highest percentage of fish catch followed by other jetties ,Vasco and
Malim jetty and Talpona has the lowest percentage of fish catch from the years 1998-2015.
 There is highest positive correlation of fish catch between Chapora and Talpona jetty in Goa
from 1998-2015. The mean values of jetties in Goa are not equal.
 The highest marine fish catch during 1998-2015 was of sardines, followed by mackerals , and
others, silver belly is the lowest marine fish catch.
 There is a significant impact of Fisheries sector on Gross State Domestic Product of primary
sector in Goa.
 From the descriptive statistics it can be concluded that the variability is very high in case of
exports of Reef cod fish as compared to other species of fish and Indian mackerels exports are
said to be very stable during the period of study.
Conclusion
Goa has remarked its significance to generate substantial employment in the sector, towards
production, processing, storage, transport and marketing. The substantial growth of the average fish
production being increased over the number of years, remarks the domain of its bureaucracy in
adhering its policies in maintaining pace with the growing needs and available resources. The State
Government has geared up its activities towards sustainability, in the form of open sea cage culture
and is in the process of augmenting its resources. Thus, gross domestic product of Goa is highly
influenced by the contribution made by the fisheries sector in Goa.
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