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Ghid sintetic de monitorizare pentru speciile de mamifere de interes comunitar din România.
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... Chiar dacã formatul de raportare recomandã folosirea "indivizilor", ca unitate pentru mãsurarea populaþiei, pentru ultima perioadã de raportare, Statele Membre au folosit unitãþi alternative menþionate în lista standard cu unitãþile pentru populaþie. 6. Lista habitatelor marine predominante (MSFD). ...
The implementation of Natura 2000, Ecological Network of protected areas established under Council Directive 92/43/EEC, has encountered diverse problems in each European Member State and also in Romania. The overall objective of our project is to protect our biodiversity and natural heritage and improving also the quality of environment by properly monitoring of the conservation status of species and habitats of community interest in Romania. During the period, 2011 – 2015, assessing the conservation status of species and habitats has been achieved as an obligation arising from the European Habitat Directive and according to Article 17 which states that each European Member States shall draw up a report every six years on the implementation of the conservation measures taken under this Directive.
Protected areas pose a major interest in the current context in which natural habitats are very fragmented as a result of economic development. The ROSCI0076 Dealul Mare-Hîrlău site represents the largest protected area from Moldova’s Plateau where forest habitats occupy a majority surface. A total number of 10 Natura 2000 forest habitats were identified on the site’s surface. Among them, the majority are 91Y0 - Dacian oak hornbeam forests and 9130 - Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests. These are comprised of 79% natural forests, while planted forests represent 19%. The main age ranges between 40 and 80 years, with compact areas with young forests, as well as with forests older than 100 years. Forest habitats are stable from an ecological point of view, ensuring optimum conditions for the development and colonization of species presented on the site’s map.
The presented survey was conducted on the sandy grassland in the close vicinity of the village Foinei, between August and October 2010 in order to estimate the local European ground squirrel population size using the squirrel burrow entrance counting method and also to determine the distribution range of the local population. The field investigation was conducted on three larger areas with a total surface of 146 ha, and it was recorded 356 active burrows, this includes the burrows located on peripheral region of each colony. Based on our findings we may conclude that the investigated European ground squirrel populations are viable, and in the past were larger. The field investigations also revealed the existence of some important endangering factors. The population density and distribution of the European ground squirrel can be constrained by the following local
factors: decreasing number of the grazing animals, habitat shrinking and disturbance. Using a proper grazing management on the sandy grasslands from Foieni, a large and stable ground squirrel population can be preserved.
The first detailed feeding record of the Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in Cheia Gorge, the Casimcea plateau, Romania is reported. The diet contained mammals (51.41 %), birds (43.66 %) and amphibians (4.93 %). A total of 11 mammal species were recorded, comprising representatives of four orders (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Carnivora). Rodents dominated the diet spectrum (42.56 % of all consumed prey), with the Romanian Hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni) being the most frequent (22.5 %), followed by the Sibling Vole (Microtus epiroticus) and the Mound-building Mice (Mus spicilegus). Mammals comprise 40.1 % of the consumed biomass. From biomass point of view the most important species is the Romanian Hamster (16.2 %), but the East-European Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) and the European Hare (Lepus europaeus) have an important share in the diet, too. The bird food is much more diverse; altogether 27 species were recorded, representing a number of eight orders. The bird component of the diet is the most important in terms of biomass (59.2 %). Besides the pigeons and doves (35.4 %) as well as waterfowl (8.10 %) the Galliformes (5.4 %) and the songbirds (5.1 %) are to be mentioned.The most important taxonomic group is the Columbiformes (18.3 % of MNI), represented by only three species. The House Pigeon (Columba livia domestica) is the most used bird species (12.7 % of MNI). Smaller mammals, other birds and amphibians made up a small portion of the diet in terms of biomass. The diet composition is compared to similar studies, highlighting the importance of the steppe habitat and prey species' diversity for the maintenance of this owl population. The results suggest that the Eurasian Eagle Owl is an opportunistic feeder, capable to exploit also species well adapted to steppe environments.
The Southern birch mouse Sicista subtilis (Pallas, 1773) is one of the rarest small mammals of Central Europe. Once it was a sporadic species of the Carpathian basin, but today it is endangered, and has disappeared from all but one of its known localities. From the Borsodi Mezõség Landscape Protected Area, 336 remnants of S. subtilis among the determined 23200 prey items from Tyto alba pellets were detected. This is the only known occurrence world-wide of the subspecies S. subtilis trizona (Frivaldszky, 1865) in recent times. The mean frequency of S. subtilis in owl-pellets is 2.4% but in 1998 the frequencies were 8.3% (112 speci-mens) and 27.2% (28 specimens) in two adjacent localities. The apparent decrease in Murinae and Sorex ara-neus in 1997–1998 may partially explain the extremely increase in frequency of S. subtilis. The other obvious reason for the high frequency of S. subtilis in owl-pellets is the high increase in density on the field, which is well proved by the high frequencies detected parallel on two localities in the same time and by the occurrences on the edge of the protected area where it had not been occurred before.
Summer and autumnal activity patterns of juvenile and adult Dryomys nitedula were investigated in the wild using infrared motion sensor cameras. The study revealed that the forest dormouse is mainly crepuscular and nocturnal during the summer and autumn. Foraging activity started on average 8 min before sunset in June and shifted towards 26 min after sunset in September. The activity usually ended 40 min before sunrise independently of the season. The investigative activity around the nestboxes had three main periods: one between 20:00 and 22:00, one around midnight between 00:00 and 01:00, and a third one before sunrise between 4:00 and 6:00. Diurnal activity was also recorded but it occurred mainly in autumn and was restricted to the nestbox entrance; animals never switched nestboxes during the day if not disturbed. During the night activity, dormice used to investigate almost all nestboxes within their territory. However they showed preferences for only a few nestboxes which were used more frequently as daytime resting sites.
1991. Food eaten by the free-living European bison in Białowieża Forest. Acta theriol. 36: 307 -313. Rumen contents o f the European bison (n = 67) living free in herds within Białowieża Forest have been estimated. In winters of continuous snow cover, when bison have access to hay offered in feeding racks, their basic food consisted o f grasses, sedges and herbs (90.4% per cent o f the rumen capacity), with trees and shrubs as supplementary food (9.5% o f the rumen capacity). In spring the proportions o f these two groups o f plants are 88.2 and 11.2%, in summer 86.3 and 13.0%, in autumn 93.2 and 6.7%, respectively. Mosses, horsetails, ferns and fungi combined account for 0.1 to 0.7% o f the rumen capacity, depending on the season.
Diet compositions of the European polecat (Mustela putorius) and the stone marten (Martes foina) were studied through macroscopic and microscopic analyses of 69 polecat and 120 stone marten stomachs dissected between 2000 and 2006 in Southern Moravia (Czech Republic). The diets of both mustelid species included a wide variety of prey species but were dominated by mammals and birds. Frogs were consumed only in winter. No reptiles were found in the diet of either species. Invertebrates were rarely present in the polecat diet but very common in the stone marten diet. In summer, the most common food for the stone marten was fruit. The stone marten consumed significantly more rodent species, especially rats (Rattus norvegicus), and songbirds and the food niche of the stone marten was broader than that of the polecat. The trophic niche overlap of both species, based on Pianka's index, was highest in winter. Stone martens appear to be an important food competitor of European polecats in the Czech Republic, mainly in winter when food resources are limited.