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ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ- ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺒ ﻥﺍﻭﺠ2010
ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺭﻀﻴﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ-ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍ
ﺩ
.
..
.
ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ لﺎﻤﻜ ﺃ
.
..
.
ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ
ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ:
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻋﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﺘ
ﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻕﺭﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ
ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻜ ،لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻋﻺﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ؛ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎ
ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻠﺴﺘ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ لﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻪﻝ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ.
ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ : ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﺕﺍﺀ.
Résumé:
Aujourd’hui les entreprises sont confrontées aux défis de la
mondialisation de l’économie et l’internationalisation de concurrence. Par
ailleurs, la nouvelle économie fondée sur le savoir et l’innovation, reposant
sur des nouvelles méthodes de gestion et des outils liés aux NTIC. Considère
l’investissement dans les ressources immatérilles et particulièrement les
ressources humaines comme le vecteur essentiel de la compétitivité de
l’entreprise.
Notre intérêt se concentre sur l’étude de la gestion des compétences,
qui est l’un des domaines essentiels de la gestion de ressources humaines.
Mots clés : compétence, gestion des compétences, l’évaluation des
compétences, le développement des compétences, la rémunération des
compétences
.
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
49
ﺔـــﻤﺩﻘﻤ
:
ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺩﻨﻫ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ﺔﺼﺨﺼﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻅ ﻲﻓ
ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﺴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ
ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻗﻭﺴ ﺹﺼﺤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﺠﺃ
ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺹﺨﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺌﻴﺒﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ
ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻼﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ
ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ لﻜﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻋ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ لﻅ
ﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ،ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺠﻴﺘ
ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﻗﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ لﺜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ
،ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺤﻼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ ﺡﺭﻁ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ
ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻓ ﺔﻗﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ؟ﻪﺘﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍ:
ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ
ﻪﺘﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ) ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ
،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ(
ﻻﻭﺃ :ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ
ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺭـﺒﺘﻌﻴ
لﺘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﺭﻤﺃ ﻪﻝ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ
ﺘ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ لﻴﻫﺄﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ،ﺔﺴﻭﻤﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﻬﻤ ﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺈﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ
؛ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ
1-ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ :
ﺭﺼﺤ ﺏﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ
ﻴﻌﻀﻭﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻪﻝ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
50
ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﺘ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﻲﻫ : ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ
(Savoirs
)
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،
(
Savoirs-faire
)
ﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻭ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ
(Savoirs-être
)
ﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺤﻀﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘ :
" ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻤ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ...ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﺍ... ،ﺔﻘﻤﻌﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
لﺎﺠﻤ ﻱﺃ ،لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ
ﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﺕﺍ"
1
.
ﻲﻬﻓ " : ﻲﻓ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﻬﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻭ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘﻭ ﺩﻴﻨﺠﺘﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺃ لﻜﺸﺒﻭ ،ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ) ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ (لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻻ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ"
2
.
ﺏﺴﺤﻭ
(Caird 1992
)
ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ
ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻋﺩﻴﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻤ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺢﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ
3
:
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﺘﻨﻴ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻊﻤ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻹﺎﺒ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ
ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﺭﻀﺤﻤ ﻑﺩﻫ "
P.Gilbert ﻭM. Parlier
ﻊﻴﻤﺎﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ"
4
.
ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ
)
01
:(
ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺜﲤ ﺔﻴﻨﺑ
ﺓﺀﺎــﻔﻜﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﳌﺍ
ﺓﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ
ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ
ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ
ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺷﺆﻣ
/
ﺢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
51
ﻥﻤ ﺔـﻔﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔـﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺤﻴﺭﺼ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻀ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭـﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ:
ﺃ-ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ :ﻴﻬﻤ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ
ﺹﺎﺨ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻁﺸﻨﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻲﻌﺠﺭﻤ .
ﺏ- ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ )ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ:( ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﺴﻭﻤﻠﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ لﻤﻋ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ
ﻻ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺼﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ .
ﺝ- ﻲﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ )ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ:( ﻭﺃ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ
ﺯﻴﻔﺤﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ،ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻲﻨﻬﻤ ﻁﺴﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ... ﻊﻤﺠﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،
ﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻑﻴﻜﻤ ﻲ
لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ .
ﺏﺴﺤﻭ
Le Boterf
) 1994 ،1997 ،2000( ﺭﺼﺤ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ،
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ:
5
-ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻭﺃ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺒ .
-ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺫﺨﺄﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ .
- ﻥﻜﻝ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺈﻜ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺫﺨﺄﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻜ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ.
-ﻓﺎﻀﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﺔ.
-ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ .
-ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ .
-ﺎﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ .
2-ﺕﺍﺀﺎــﻔـﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ :
ﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺎﻫﺯﺭﺒ
ﺏﺴﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ"
Celile Dejoux
" ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴﻭ ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،
ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴﻭ)ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻭﺃ( ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ،
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
52
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ)
(Compétences-clées
ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ .
2-1 -ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ :
ﺏﺴﺤ
(
1999
)
Athey et Orth
ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ " ،ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ
ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﺒ ﺔ
ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻤﻋﺩﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺒ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻋ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﺘ
Medef
)
2002
( ﺔﻔﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ
ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺎﻬﺘﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺒﺜﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻬﻜﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ
ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ"
6.
ﺏﺴﺤﻭ
Celile Dejoux
ﻥﻤ لﻜﻴﻬﻤﻭ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ
ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﺴﺘﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ...
7
ﻲﻓﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﺘ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ:
-ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺯﻴﻤ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ .-لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ .- ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ.
-ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺴﻨﺘ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻭﺫ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ .-ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ .- ﻥﻤﻀ لﺠﺴﺘ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﻡﻠﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ.
-ﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻔﺨ ﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺓﺀﺎﻔ .-ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻌﻔﻨﻤ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ...
ﻑﻴﻀﻴﻭ "
Zarifian
ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻪﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍﻭ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ"
8
.
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻝﻭﺘ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻬﻜﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﺎﺒ
ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ
ﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﻥﻷ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ)ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ (ﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻲﻔﺨﻤ
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
53
)ﺔﻴﻔﺨﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ( ﻱﺩﻴﻠﺠﻝﺍ لﺒﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ
(Iceberg
)
ﻪﺤﻀﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ :
2-2-ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ :
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺔـﻴﻘﻴﺴﻨﺘ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﺘ لﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔ.
ﺏﺴﺤ
Le Boterf)
2000 " :( ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺄﺸﻨﻴ لﺼﺤﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺎـﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﺃﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
(Synergie
)
ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ : ،لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ،ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ
ﻌﻤﺎـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺓﺭـﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻡـﻠﻌﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺫﺨﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ،ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭ"
9
.
ﻑﻴﻀﻴﻭ
Amheradt et Al
) 2000" ( ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ
(
Savoir-agir
)
ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺝﺯﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫﻭ لﻤﻋ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ﻥﻋ ﺄﺸﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﺠﺘﺎﻨ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻕﻠﺨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﻤﺠﺘ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺔ
ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ
(Combinaison synergique
)
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺄﺸﻨﺘﻭ
ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ
)
03
:(
ﺔـﻳﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻞـﻴﺜﲤ
ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ :
, 2001, Paris, organisation'ditions dé, entreprise' les compétences au cœur de l,Celile Dejoux
p
159
ﺕﺍﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ
ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ
ﳌﺍﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺕﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ
ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﳑ
ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺘﻟﺍ
ﺡﻮـﻤﻃ
ﻢـﻴﻗ
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
54
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ"
10،
ﻊﻀﻭﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
11
.
ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻭ " : ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻭﺒﺯﻠﻝ ﺝﻭﺘﻨﻤ
ﺭﻌﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﺽﺭﻋ لﻀﻓﺄﺒ ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ"
12
.
2-3 -ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ : ـﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ
Hamel ﻭ Prahalad
) 1994" ( ﺓﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺔـﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ)ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ/ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ(ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎـﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﻲﻫ ،
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭـﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺓﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺘﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔـﻓﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﻴ
ﻲـﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻡـﻠﻌﺘ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤـﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻭﺭﻀﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔـﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ
ﺔـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ"
13
.
ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻡﺩـﻘﻴ
Hamel ﻭ Prahalad
ﻥﻤ ﺔـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﺘ ﺽﻭﺭـﻓ ﺔـﺜﻼﺜ
ﺔـﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ
14
:
-ﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ لﻭﺨﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝ.
-ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﻕﻠﺨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ .
-ﻥﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻌﺼ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ .
ﻕﻓﻭﻭ
(1992) Leonard – Barton
ﻊﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ
ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ :
15
-ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ .
-ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ .
-ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻅﻘﻴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ .
-ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻕﻠﺨ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺦﺴﺭﻨ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ .
ﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺎﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺝﺭﺩﺃ ،ﺭﺩﺎﻨﻭ ﻊﻓﺎﻨ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﻥﻭـﻜﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺀﺎـ
ﺩـﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ لـﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻭﻌﺼﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ
،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻕﺭﺘﻔﺘ ﻻ ﺔـﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔـﻜﻝﺍﻭ ،لـﻴﺩﺒﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻴﻗﻭﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﺘ
16 لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
55
ﺓﺯﻴـﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﺠـﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺎﻬـﺘﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻕﻠﺨﺒ ﺱـﻓﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔـﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘ.
ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ :ﻪﺘﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ
1-ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ :
ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴـﻴﺴﺘ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ " ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ
ﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﻰﻠﺜﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝ
ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﺴﺤﻷﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﺒﻁﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ
ﺎﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺕﺴﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻘﻓﺃﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﻤﻋ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ "
17
؛
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻘﻓﺃ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺢﺠﺎﻨ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ
،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻜﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻱﺩﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻱﺩﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻅﻨ ﺓﺭﻭﻁ
ﻑﻴﻜﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻨﻓ ﻲﻘﻓﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ
ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻰﻠﺜﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ
ﻪﺤﻀﻭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ لﻜ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﻱﺃ ،ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ
ﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لـﻜﺸﻝﺍﻲ:
ﻡﻗﺭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ
)
04
:(
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﺘ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ
ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ
تاءا
ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ
ﻱﻭﻨﺴ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ
لﻘﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺘ
ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩ لﺎﺼﺘﺍ
ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ
ﺘﺍﻭﺭ
ـ
ﺏ
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
56
ﻯﺭﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ
Celile Dejoux
ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻐﺘﺸﺘ ﻲﻜﻝ ﻪﻨﺃ:
18
- ﻪﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﺎﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺯﻔﺤﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ
ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻓﺩﺎﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﻠﻌﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﺒ .
- ﻝ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ)ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﻡﻠﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ.(
ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﻥﺁﺯﺠﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ
ﺍﺫﺇ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺔـﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇﻭ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﺒﻁ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ
ﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻻﻭ ،ﺫـﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻊﺒﺘﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻻﺇ ﺕﺍ
ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻴﻗﺭﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ
19
ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ،
لﻐﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺎﻗ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻡﻠﻗﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ
(
L’employabilité
)
ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ
20
.
2- ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺕﺎـﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ:
ﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ–
ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﺒ- ﻭﺃ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻱﺃ ،ﻁﻴﺴﺒ لﻭﻝﺩﻤ ﺕﺍﺫ
ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ لﺒ ،ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝ ﺔﻌﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺄﻓ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻫﺭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﻀﺭﻓ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻭ لﻤﺎﺸ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ
ﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ لﺘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ،ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻ
ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤﻤ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻥﻤ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﺒ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻡﻬﻓ
ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ:
21
2-1 -ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ
(
L’approche gestionnaire)
ﺔﻤﻜﺍﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ
،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ
ﻭﻜﺘﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻓ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴ ،لﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨ
(Le savoir
)
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ
(Le savoir-faire
)
ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻭ
(savoir-être).
ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻫﺎﺠ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻱﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝ
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
57
ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﺌﺎﻏ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ ،ﻪﻤﺎﻬﻤﻝ ﻪﺌﺍﺩﺃ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ لﻤﺎﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻤﻭ
لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻘﻤ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺼﻗﺎﻨ
(Le pouvoir d’agir
)
ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻱﺃ
لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ
Vouloir
d’agir
ﺩﻌﺘ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻜ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻔﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،
ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ)ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺠﻤﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ( ،ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﻜﻼﺘﻤﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ
ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻔﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻊﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ .
2-2-ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ
(L’approche opérationnelle
)
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لـﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ
ﺔﻴـﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯـﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩـﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍﺕﺎﻨﻭـﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﻡـﺌﺍﺩ لـﻋﺎﻔﺘﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ .
ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨ لﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﺕﺴﻴﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ لﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺎﻓ
ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ لﺜﻤ ،ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻭ
ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻗﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ .
2-3 -ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ
(L’approche Stratégique)
ﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﻑﺍﺩﻫ
ﺔﻤﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ
ﻕﺭﻁ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﻁﻤﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﻀﻴﻭﻌﺘ ﻭﺃ ،ﻥﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﺒ
ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ .
ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ :ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﻯﺭـﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍ) ﺩﻋﺇ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺍ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ(
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﺩﺤﺃ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒ
لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﺒ ،ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺤﺭﻁﺘ
ﺎﺤﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ لﻘﺼﻭ ﻪﻓﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠ
ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ،ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ … ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
58
ﻲﻫ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﺩﺼﺒ ﻥﺤﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ): ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ
ﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝ.(
1- ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ "
L’élaboration de profils de compétences
"
" ﻪﻌﻀﻭ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ لﺜﻤﻴ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺏﻭﻏﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺤ)ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ( لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ
ﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ
(l’analyse de compétence
)
ﻪﻨﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،
ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﺠﺤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻭﻁﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻜﺸﺘﺎﻬﺒﺘﺍﻭﺭﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴ"
22
،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ لـﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﻕﺭﻁ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ
ﺕﻼﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﻤ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ
ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﺒ ،ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻜﺫﻤ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﻔﻜﻝﺍ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎ... ﺞـﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ،ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﺘ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ ،
ﺔـﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ:
- ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺓﺭـﻅﻨ .
- ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝ ﻑﺼﻭ .
ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ لـﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻕﺭﻁ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ :
1-1-ﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ﺔﻴﻨ " : ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺤﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺩﻌﺘﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻤ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﻷﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻌﺼ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺙﺍﺭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﻠﺴﺘ ﺔﻗ"
Patrimoine
"
ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ لﻜ ﻊﻤ ﻁﺒﺭﻴﻭ ﺩﻨﺠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ"
23
ﺭﻬﻅﺘﻭ ،
ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ:
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
59
ﻡﻗﺭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ)05 :(ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﺒ ﻥﻋ لﺎﺜﻤ
Pièrre- Xavier Meschi, op cit, p 14. .
ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ
ﻌﻤ
ﺔﻓﺭـ
ﻠﻤﻋـﺔﻴ
ـ
ةءآ
عا
2
ةءآ
عا
1
ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ
ﻌﻤ
ـ
ﺔﻓﺭ
ﻌﻤـ ﺔﻓﺭ
ﻤﻋـﺔﻴﻠ
ةءآـ
عا
3
ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ
ﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ـ
ﺔﻓﺭ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
60
1-2- ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ: " ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻠﻝ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ
ﺎﻬﻝﺎﺠﻤﻭ"
24،
ﺘﺭﺒﺨ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺔﺤﻴﺭﺸ لﺍﺅﺴﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬ
ﻡﻬﺴﺎﺴﺤﺇ ،ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ لﻭﺤ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ
ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﻥﻭﺴﺤﻴﻭ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﺯﻔﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﻅﻨﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺏﻭﻏﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ
ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺘﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﺭﺎﺸﻴ
ﻕﺭﻐﺘﺴﻴ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺏﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻷ ،ﻼﻴﻭﻁ ﺎﺘﻗﻭ .
ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺕﻼﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ
،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺏﻭﻏﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ
ﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﻴ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻠﺤﻤ ﺡﺭﻁﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺯﺭﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻤ) ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤ
،ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ(... ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺠﺭﺘﺒ ﻪﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،
ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﺩﻴﺠ ﻥﻴﻓﺭﺎﻋ ﻥﻴﻴﺼﺎﺼﺘﺨﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﺃ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻠﺤﻤ ﺯﻜﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ
ﺔﻔﻴﻌﻀ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻻﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ.
2- ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡـﻴﻴﻘﺘ
Evaluation des compétences
ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ لﺜﻤﻴ
ﻲﻓ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ
ﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔ
ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ .
2-1 -ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ :ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡـﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺕﺎـﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﺘ:
25
ﺃ-ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ : ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ
،ﺎﻬﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻜﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺈﺒ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻁﻋﻹ ﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻯﻭﺴ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ
26
.
ﺏ-ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ : ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺱﻜﻋ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﻗ ﻥﻷ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩ
ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﺔﻀﺭﺘﻔﻤ.
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
61
ﺝ-ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ : لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺘﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ،ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻀﻤﺎﻏ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻌﺘ
ﻪﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﺕﺤﺒ ﻲﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝ
،ﺓﺭﻭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ
ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻲﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﺇ لﻬﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺓﺩﻨﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺩ-ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ
(
Cognitive
)
: ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﺎﻨ لﻤﻋ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﺘ
ﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ لﺌﺎﺴﻤ لﺤ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻴ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲ
ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺤﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻱﺃ
ﻥﻴﻌﻤ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝ.
ﻩ-ﺏﻫﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ
(
Le talent)
) ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ :( ﺔﺒﻫﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝ ﻪﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﻨﻴ ﺭﻬﻅﻤ لﺨﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀ
)ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ (
(
Savoir-agir
)
،ﺔﺒﺴﺘﻜﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﺜﺍﺭﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ
ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻴﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﻭ
Guy Le Boterf
ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ
ﻥﻬﻤﻠﻝ :
-
ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻁﻴﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻬﻤﻝﺍ)ﻬﻤ،ﺱﺩﻨ (...
- ﺔﺒﻫﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻁﻴﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻬﻤﻝﺍ )،ﺭﻋﺎﺸ ،لﺜﻤﻤ(...
- ﺔﻁﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻬﻤﻝﺍ )،ﻲﻔﺤﺼ(...
ﻅﺤﻼﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭ ،ﺎﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻰﻘﻠﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺭﺴﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻘﺒﺎﻁﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻕﺭﺍﻭﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ.
2-2 -ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡــﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ :
ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡـﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩـﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ
ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺭـﻜﺫ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤ:
27
ﺃ-ﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝ:
Entertain annuel d’activité
ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻱﺭﺠﻴ
ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﺒ ﺭﻴﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
62
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ،لﺎﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺩﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﻭﺃ
ﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺌﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﻵﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺕﻠﺨﺩﺃ ﺩﻗ ﺕ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻬﻤ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﺒ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻝ .
ﺏ-ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ :
L’accompagnement terrain
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ
Le
coaching
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ
ﺢﻤﺴﺘﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺢﺌﺎﺼﻨﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻀﻔﺒ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺤﻔﺒ
ﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻼﺒﻗ ﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺍﺫﺇ ،ﻡﻴﻠﺴ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝ
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﺒ ﻡﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﻴﺴﻭﺅﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﻡﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝ ﻊﻀﻭ .
ﺝ-ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ :
Référentiel de competences
ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ
لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺯﺠﻨﺘﻭ ،ﻲﻨﻬﻤ ﻉﺭﻓ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺠﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ
ﻝﺍ ﻥﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺈﺒ ﻥﻴﻔﻠﻜﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ) ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ
ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ،ﺓﺩﻭﺠ(... ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺜ ،
ﻊﻀﻭﻤﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺩﻴﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺯﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ
ﺎﺒ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝ)ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ( ﻥﻴﻌﻤ لﻤﻋ لﻜﻝ
.
ﺩ- ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ
Assessment centre
: ﻡﺴﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﻌﺘ "ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ "
لﻐﺸﻝ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺽﻭﺭﻓﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻ ﻥﻭﻌﻀﺨﻴ ﻥﻭﺤﺸﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻘﺒﻭ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻔﺘﺨﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﺓﺭﺎ
"Assessment centre
" ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﺘ
ﻭﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻴ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﻤﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ
(
Assesseurs
)
ﻥﻤ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ :،ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﻭﺃ ،ﺓﺎﻜﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ
ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ...ﺦﻝﺍ.
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3- ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻭﻁﺘ
Développement des compétences
لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻠﻗﺄﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺡﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
63
ﻪﺘﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ
29
ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻋﺭﺎﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻙﺸ ﻥﻭﺩﻭ ،
ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ
ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭ لﻼﺘﺤﻻ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ
ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺯﺨﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ
ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻠﻤﺎﺤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﺜﻜ ﻯﻭﻗ ﻱﺫ ﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﻜﻝ
ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻋ ﻡﻫ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ
ﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺄﺒ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻜ
ﺭﻜﺫﻨ:
30
3-1 -ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺏـﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺽﻌﺒ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨﺴ ﻲﺘﺄﻴﺴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
3-1-1-ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ :
Formation axée sur les compétences
ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺏﺎﺴﻜﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ
ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﻭﻜﻤ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ
ﻼﺜﻤ ،ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻬﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﻭﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ) ﺓﺭﺩﻗ
ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ( لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻼﺜﻤﻓ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻬﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﻭﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﻭﺃ ،
ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﻴ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ
.
3-1-2-ﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔ :
Coaching axée sur les compétences
ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ،ﺕﺎﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺢﺌﺎﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﺭﻴﺒﺨﻜ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺏﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﺩﻗ
ﺡﺭﻁﺒ ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ،ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺄﺒ لﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﻹ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺯﻔﺤﻴﻭ ﻊﺠﺸﻴ ،ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ
ﺍ ﻭﺒﺭﺩﻤ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻘﻓﺍﺭﻴﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻅﺤﻼﻴ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝ
ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻫﺯﻴﻔﺤﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﺎﺤﻴﻭ
.
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
64
3-2-ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ :
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻁﻭﺭـﺸﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔـﻨﺎﻴﺼ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ :
31
-ﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭﻝ ﺔﺼﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﻌﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ لﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ)،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ(...
-ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﺘ .
-ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻭﺃ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ لﻬﺴﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭ .
-ﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﻭ ﺽﻭﺭﻋ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺴ .
- ﺔﻠﻤﺴﺃﺭﻭ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘ
(
Capitalisation)
ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ .
- ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺩﻵﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ لﻭﺤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭ .
-ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻅﻘﻴﻝﺍ لﻭﺍﺩﺠ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ .
- ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻝﺍ .
- ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ "
Bilans professionnels de compétences."
4-ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ
La rémunération des compétences
ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ لﺜﻤﺘ
ﻴﺩﻝ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﻪﻗﺎﻓﺭﺇ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻪ
ﺔﻐﻴﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺍﺭﺫﺤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺍﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ
ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ.
" ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ
ﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺓﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻜ
ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻭ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻗ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺫﻔﻨﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ،ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﻭ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﺼ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ
ﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺎﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻬﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺎﻜ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻉ
،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ
ﻡﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﺴﺎﻘﺘﻴﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻌﺒﺎﺘﻴ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
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ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﻥﺫﺇ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻊﻀﻭﺒ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ
ﻥﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﺒ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ "
32.
4-1 -ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لـﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ " : ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺴﺄﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ
ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ
ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لـﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍﻲﻓ ﺹﺨﻠﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺏـﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ : ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ
ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻡﻴﻗ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ
"
33
.
لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻤ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ لﻜﻭ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ
لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﺠﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻑﻴﻜ ﺡﻭﻀﻭﺒ
ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺯﻴﻔﺤﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴﻭ ﻡﻫﺀﺎﻓﻭ ﺏﺴﻜﻴﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺏﺫﺠﻴ .
ﺃ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺭﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻭ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺠ
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﺭﺇ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ :
- ﻱﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺠﻷﺍ.
- ﺭﺠﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ)،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻀﻹﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻴﻭﻌﺘ ،ﺓﻭﻼﻌﻝﺍ(...
- ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ)،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻴﺴ ،ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻤﺄﺘ(...
- ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ ...ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ .
ﻙﺎـﻨﻫﻭﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏـﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔـﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ لـﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ :
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-ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﻥﺄﺸﺒ ﺔﻌﻨﻘﻤ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ .
- ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺩﻴﻴﺄﺘ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ.
- ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ.
- ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻁﺄﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ
ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ .
- ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﺭﻁ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﻭﻤﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﻨﻬﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻘﻓﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ.
- ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ.
- ﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺕ .
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
66
4-3- ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﺼﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ :
ﺯﻜﺭﻴ
le Boterf
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ "
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ )ﺓﻭﻼﻌﻝﺍ :
prime
(
ﻎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ
ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ"
35
ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،
ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ:
ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ)01:(ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ
•
ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻨ) ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻭ لﻭﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ
ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ.(
•
ﻥﻤﻀ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ .
ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻼﻋ
•
ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻼﻋ
•
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ) ،ﺓﺩﺤﻭ
ﻕﻴﺭﻓ.(...
•
ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﺒ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ .
•
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻫ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ.
ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻼﻌﻝﺍ
•
ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻍﻭﻠﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ.
•
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺽﺭﻓ
ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ.
•
ﺩﻀ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﻻﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻬﺴﻝﺍ
ﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀ.
ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ :
Guy le Boterf, Ingénierie et évaluation des compétence, op.cit, p529.
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
67
ﺔـﻤﺘﺎﺨ:
لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺯﺍﺭـﺒﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ:
- لﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﻭﻫ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓﺇ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ
ﻤﻝﺍﻴﻓ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﺎﻬ ﻱﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ...؛
-ﻲﻫ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ : ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺯﺭﺒﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻭﻫ
Celile Dejoux
،) ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻭﺃﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ(؛
- ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ لﺜﻤﻴ
ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﻰﻠﺜﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ) ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ
ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ(...
-ﻤﻴﻓ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎ
،ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻀﺘﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻤﺜﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻘﺼﻭ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺯﻴﻔﺤ
ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ.
ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ :
1
Bernard Galambaud, Si La GRH était de la gestion, édition liaisons, Paris, 2002, p
2002.
2
Luc Boyer, Noël Equilbey, Organisation : théories et applications, éditions
d’organisation, Paris, 2003, p246.
3
Roland Foucher, Normand Petterson, Abdlhadi Naji, Répertoire de définitions :
Notions de compétences individuelle et de compétence collective, www.chaire-
compétences uquam.ca/pages/documents pdf foucher patter sonnaji
020304.pdf(26/12/2006), p6.
4
Celile Dejoux, les compétences au cœur de l'entreprise, éditions d'organisation,
Paris, 2001, p141.
5
Roland Foucher, Normand Petterson, Abdlhadi Naji, op.cit, p9.
6
Ibid, pp 5 - 10.
7
Celile Dejoux, op.cit, p141.
ﺩ.لﺎﻤﻜ
ﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﺼﻨﻤ .ﺢـﻝﻭﺼ ﺡﺎـﻤﺴ
ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ
68
8
Philippe Zarifian, Le modèle de la compétence, éditions liaisons, Paris, 2001, p 78.
9
Roland Foucher, Normand Petterson, Abdlhadi Naji, op.cit, p19.
10
Ibid.
11
Jean-François Amadieu, Loic Cadin, Compétence et organisation qualifiante,
Economica, Paris, 1996, p 125.
12
Alain Meignant, Les compétences de la fonction ressources humaines, 3
ème
ed,
liaisons, Paris, 1995, p22.
13
Marcel Coté, Marie-Claive Malo, La gestion stratégique : une approche
fondamentale, gaetan morin édition, Canada, 2002, p100
14
RM. Srivastava, Divya Nigam, Corporate strategic management, 2
nd
ed, pragati
prakasham, Meerut, Begum Bridge, Meerut, 2000, p90.
15
Marcel Coté, Marie-Claire Malo, op.cit, p 102.
16
Pierre- Xavier MESCHI, Le concept de compétence en stratégie : Perspectives et
limites, www.stratégie-aims.com/montread/meschi.pdf, (02/02/2007), p12.
17
Lou Van Beirendonck, Tous compétents !: Le management des compétences
dans l’entreprise, éd :de boeck, Belgique, 2006, p33-34.
18
Ibid
19
Benoit Grasser, Thierry Colin, La gestion des compétences : un infléchissement
limité de la relation salariale, http://www.travail.gouv.fr/publications/revue-travail-
et-emploit/pdf/93-1940.pdf, (02/02/2007), p2.
20
Bruno Dufour, Yves Réale, Le DRH stratège : le nouveau mix stratégique des
ressources humaines, éd d’organisation, Paris, 2006, p 107.
21
،ﻪﻴﻀﺤﻴ ﻲﻝﻼﻤﺴ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ)ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤ(ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﻭﺩ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ،)ﺭﻴﻏ
ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ( ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺹﺼﺨﺘ ،2003-2004 ﺹ ﺹ ،141 ،142.
22
Lou Van Beirendonck, op.cit, p53.
23
Pièrre-Xavier Meschi, op.cit, p13.
24
Lou Van Beirendonck, op.cit, p56.
25
Valérie Marbach, évaluer et rémunérer les compétences, Ed d’organisation, Paris,
pp20- 23.
26
ﻱﺯﺎﺠﺤ لﻴﻋﺎﻤﺴﺇ ، ﺯﺎﻏ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ
ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒﺒ ﻊﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺭﺘﺒﻝﺍ-071-، ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ)ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ(، ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ
،ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺭﻀﻴﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ2003-2004 ، ص64.
27
Marc Dennery, évaluer la formation: des outils pour optimiser l’investissement
formations, ESF édition, France, 2001, pp 65- 66.
28
Lou Van Beirendonck, op.cit, pp80- 81.
29
Alain Meignant, Ressources humaines:déployer la stratégie, éd : Liaisons, Paris,
2000, p 38.
30
Lou Van Beirendonck, op.cit, pp 128 - 132.
31
Guy Le Boterf, Ingénierie et évaluation des compétences, 4
ème
édition, éd
d’organisation, Paris, 2002, p 159.
32
Celile Dejoux, les compétences au cœur de l’entreprise, op.cit, p 129.
<ﺕﺍﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍﻊﺒﺎﺴ– ﻥﺍﻭﺠ 2010
69
33
Ibid, p144.
34
Lou Van Beirendonck, op.cit, p147
35
Guy le Boterf, op.cit, p 529.