No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
A Study on The Internet Connectivity in The Philippines
Abstract
This study aims to help address concerns about the growing demand of wider bandwidth Internet connection in the Philippines. Using articles and research of international organizations and content from official websites of the Philippine government, this paper has carefully examined the slow Internet connectivity and the high cost that the end-users pay for it. This paper suggests that this inefficiency hampers the motivation of users to innovate in a way that could contribute to inclusive growth and the development of an inclusive information society. Through a comparison of the current global ICT situation with the current situation in the Philippines, this paper shows that the country`s Internet infrastructure lags behind among those of contemporary developing countries in Asia, particularly in terms of Internet connectivity. In 2015, Thailand had an average Internet speed of 7.4 Mbps, Sri Lanka 7.4, and Malaysia 4.3. Meanwhile, the Philippines had a meager average Internet speed of 2.8 Mbps, placing the country at 104 among 160 countries, with developed countries in Asia such as South Korea (23.6 Mbps) and Singapore (12.9 Mbps) ranking 1 and 12, respectively. Findings show that the lack of competition in the Internet connectivity market, among other reasons, is at the root of the dilemma of slow and costly Internet connection. Assessing the accomplishments of the Republic of Korea and other broadband-leading countries has provided practical insights and recommendations that can promote competitiveness. Furthermore, related literature argues how ISP practices may affect Internet speed and cost. This study offers an approach in improving Internet connectivity in the Philippines by bridging the gap between the Internet infrastructure market and government policies.
... In the world's IT condition, India's Internet infrastructure is behind that of other contemporary rising countries in Asia. Users' motivation to innovate, promote equitable growth, and create a widespread knowledge society is thwarted (Salac & Kim, 2016). The country's proclaimed and unannounced power outages exacerbated the interruptions and inadequate Internet (Collera & Agaton, 2021). ...
... This was made worse by the country's rural electrification and energy security challenges. Internet speeds are slow, and costs are high since there is not enough competition in the industry (Salac & Kim, 2016). Page 32 of 40 Yadav et al. ...
This research focuses on the factors that barriers and foster (drivers) digital innovation and entrepreneurship amongst small businesses operating in the Handicraft industry after the economic downturn. From the perspective of new Indian craft entrepreneurs, digital and innovative entrepreneurship is crucial to surviving the crisis. It will eventually encourage the development of the handmade goods market and the artisanal reconfiguration as a business. In this study, the qualitative method was used. For the creation of themes, Inductive content analysis (analytical, inductive technique) was used to interview fifty online handicraft business owners who rely on their craft talents for income. After the pandemic, two types of motivation were generated for handmade entrepreneurs. The first motivation was extrinsic, which conditioned the handicraft market, restricted mobility, and upgraded household status for entrepreneurship. The second was intrinsic motivation among the craft entrepreneurs who generated individual and professional skill growth. These two factors encouraged digital craft innovations and entrepreneurial advancement of transitioning handicraft companies to digital platforms. After the interview, respondents explained several hindrances or restrictions, market interruption, and quality internet. Even after that, it resolved as the effect of the pandemic reduced and digital skill training for innovation and entrepreneurship passion increased for developing a robust programme that supports the handicraft new entrepreneurs after the economic calamities. This finding contributes to the area of investigation and contributes to entrepreneurship literature. This study will open the route for making the policy and development of solid strategic plans for the handicraft sector’s new craft entrepreneurs. With the help of innovative and digital entrepreneurs, small-scale or craft industries will boost the Indian economy and give some of the best suggestions for global economies. For developing economies, this study will also empower entrepreneurs to open new dimensions for marketing, supply chain, and exportation and will finally increase the Globalisation of handmade products.
... India's Internet infrastructure is behind the times compared to those of other contemporary growing countries in Asia. It discourages people from trying new things, which slows down progress toward a more equitable society and the development of a more comprehensive information economy [81]. Worse yet, the country's proclaimed and unscheduled power outages made the disruptions and inadequate Internet much more frustrating [82]. ...
... This was due to problems with rural electrification and energy security. Slow and expensive internet connectivity is exacerbated by a lack of market competition [81]. Solutions to these problems require addressing the rising cost of internet access, fostering the growth of a solid IT infrastructure, and supporting the positive competitiveness of the energy sector. ...
... As (Béres et al., 2012) noted, individual learning styles, which come into consideration where the digital instructional environment, plays a significant role. The study (Salac & Kim, 2016) states that in the Philippines, the internet infrastructure falls further behind modern countries, and filling the gap across Asian nations and boosting Internet access in the Philippines could resolve those challenges. It is quite evident that the reception is weak for the connectivity of each student. ...
... Collaborative learning has become an element of the learning environment in education; it was also for lessons developed for distance learners and learning communities (Stacey & Gerbic, 2009). As (Salac & Kim, 2016) reiterates that a lack of competition in the Internet access industry is at the foundation of the problem of a slow and expensive connection to the internet. It was still the problem of every student, the fast and accessible signal for connectivity. ...
This study assesses the factors affecting students' learning experiences in one of the secondary public schools in the Philippines implementing different learning modalities in distance learning. As a learner-public institution, the school has broadened its implementation of learning by providing wide perspectives to students through online distance learning. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative research designs. Purposive sampling was used in the study consisting of 250 students and 18 students who participated in FGD, where data were collected and obtained through a survey questionnaire and focus group discussions. Distance learning encourages students to learn on their own and explore without the assistance of teachers, enhancing their ability to research topics related to the courses they should learn. With the results of the study, two themes emerged: ICT integration and innovational instruction. Mostly, it aided in the development of independence. Students usually lose concentration in their learning tasks as a result of physical distractions and due to slow internet connection. Regardless of their difficulties, students continue their studies because they have learned that the more difficult the road, the sweeter the result. This study will provide baseline information for the development of the school's strategy on how to strengthen and consolidate distance education.
... Hence, there is a need for substantial training for senior teachers who are not technologically inclined or adept. The Philippines' inadequate digital infrastructure, outdated technology, and slow Internet connectivity (Salac & Kim, 2016;World Bank, 2020), coupled with the traditional mindset of school principals, were significant factors for the lack of technical staff for maintaining computers and computer networks, and providing support for Internet-related activities (UNESCO-UIS., 2014). This finding corroborates the study by Hero (2020) citing that principals' technological leadership does not influence teachers' technological leadership, implying that principals fell short in modeling and empowering their teachers in integrating technology into their functions. ...
... Hence, there is a need for substantial training for senior teachers who are not technologically inclined or adept. The Philippines' inadequate digital infrastructure, outdated technology, and slow Internet connectivity were also significant issues (Salac & Kim, 2016;World Bank, 2020). The traditional mindset of school principals also hampers the full integration of technology in schools as they tend to devalue the role of ICT in education, leading to a lack of technical staff for maintaining computers and computer networks, as well as user support for Internet-related activities (UNESCO-UIS, 2014). ...
This study examines school heads' digital leadership as a predictor of teachers' job satisfaction in the Philippines during the pandemic. A total of 520 public school teachers across the 16 regions of the country answered the validated online survey questionnaires between March and May 2022. With the descriptive-predictive research design, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis, the study finds that school heads have a satisfactory level of digital leadership as perceived by their teachers. This finding suggests that Filipino school heads can, at least to a satisfactory level, guide their schools and stakeholders toward digital transformation to remain adaptable and competitive in a rapidly changing digital and social media landscape. Furthermore, Filipino teachers experienced satisfactory job satisfaction during the pandemic, which suggests that they continue to cope with and adapt to the new work and educational changes despite the plethora of challenges and transitions. Finally, this study reveals that school heads' digital leadership predicts teachers' job satisfaction. When leaders are competent to lead and model in the digital age, their subordinates become more satisfied with their work. Therefore, training programs for improving school heads' digital leadership are necessary to enhance their teachers' job satisfaction, especially since technology plays a significant part in diverse educational activities.
... In a conventional classroom setting, a student's execution can be immediately evaluated through questions and casual testing, while in the distance learning a student needs to hold up for the response of his/her work by the instructors to counter it (Bušelić, 2012). The issues of distance learning are internal and external and include: (1) the standard of education itself, which is also a factor to be tackled in conventional education; (2) the hidden costs, which are also not adequately classified and may lead to future problems; (3) the misuse of technology, and this issue is important to educational institutions and students; (4) the attitude of instructors, which cannot use the technology related to distance learning and (5) the attitudes of students, who may be less dedicated than students of face-to-face learning [16]. ...
... Internet connection is the most important thing in online learning. As Salac & Kim, (2016) state that citizen's motivation on newest information will decrease due to poor internet connection. This theory will also be the same as the case of college students. ...
... Occasional power outages especially when calamities strike and Philippines' internet connection that pales in comparison to most developing countries in Asia [20] affect the students' compliance with requirements as well as their attitude toward online learning [21]. Providing students with ample academic and technical supports through various channels such as official emails (Microsoft Outlook) and the Learning Management System for asynchronous classes proved to be helpful in addressing these limitations. ...
Flexible learning has never been more relevant in Physical Education (PE) than during the COVID-19 pandemic as universities continuously provide opportunities to improve students' physical health and address the lack of physical activity among the youth. To understand the importance of flexible learning to the college students in a private university in the Philippines, the extent of the flexibility offered, and the students' satisfaction with it, an online survey and focus group discussions involving college Physical Fitness students were conducted. The significant relationship among the importance of flexibility, the extent of flexibility, and the level of students' satisfaction was also tested. It was revealed that the students found all the flexible learning dimensions vital to them, with the flexibility of time as the most important due to the duality of their roles while studying at home. The students also mentioned that the level of flexibility and the academic and technical support they received benefited them significantly as they became more independent, resilient, resourceful, and critical learners. It was also found that there is a significant relationship among the importance of flexibility, the extent of flexibility, and the level of students' satisfaction. This study could give the higher education institutions feedback on making flexible learning more suitable to the changing needs of the students. Further research on the applicability of flexible learning in other areas of the country and in other disciplines in the academe would give a better perspective on the compatibility of flexible learning in the Philippine university context.
... The study about internet speed conducted by Kim and Salac (2016) aims to evaluate the cause of the slow internet connection and the high cost that people pay for it in the Philippines. It shows that the poor quality of service provided by the ISP is shown by the lack of competition. ...
... A weak or poor internet connection is the participants' main problem in using the apps. This condition is primarily affected by the country's performance in providing internet services, the cost of internet services and subscriptions (Rosales, 2023;Samaniego, 2023), telecommunications infrastructure, and the geographical environment (Salac & Kim, 2016). Due to poor connection, the participants may have difficulties accessing the features of the apps, uploading images, and loading results. ...
Plant identification apps make learning about plants more convenient. This study explored the participants’ perceptions of using three plant identification apps, PlantNet, PictureThis, and LeafSnap, as potential educational tools. Problems experienced, differences in perceptions, and the participants’ most preferred apps were also determined. Through purposive sampling, the study engaged 162 primary pre-service teachers in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines. Data were collected through a developed questionnaire and analysed quantitatively. The questionnaire was reliable with an identified single component for perception. Participants first explored and used the apps to identify local plants, thereafter, responding through an online questionnaire. Results showed that participants strongly perceived the apps as engaging, helpful in plant identification, easy to browse, providing details, effective as emerging tools, and significant for scientific literacy, except for consistency of results. There were significant differences, but with small effect sizes, indicating negligible differences in the perceptions of male and female participants regarding the apps’ consistency of results and effectiveness. Weak internet connection was the primary issue affecting the apps’ utilization. The pre-service teachers preferred LeafSnap over PictureThis and PlantNet. Conclusively, this study affirmed the potential of the apps for students learning about plants, further supporting their feasibility as emerging educational tools.
... Most outstandingly, the computerized learning situations that most education institutions had to depend on amid closures don't work as well for practice-oriented learning, a central component of technical vocational education for academic learning. Salac and Kim (2016) stated that lack of competition in the Internet connectivity market is at the root of slow and costly internet connectivity. Regarding internet connection speed, the Philippines is one of the slowest countries. ...
Challenges of technical-vocational students during the Covid-19 pandemic, when
unidentified and unanswered, can result in detrimental outcomes and incompetent students. This paper presents the challenges for technical-vocational students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Phenomenology was used to gather the data from one focus group discussion (FGD) with five participants and one key informant interview (KII) participant from the sophomore and junior students of technical-vocational education classes at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero Campus, Davao City. Another two KII participants, freshmen and junior students, are from technical-vocational education institutions in Davao City. Results revealed that technical-vocational students faced challenges with intermittent internet connectivity, limited financial resources, uncertainty about the future, lack of resources, lack of experiential learning, frequent power outages, lack of self-motivation, unable to manage time, ambient noise, poor response from instructors, unhealthy mental state, too much gadget exposure, being busy with household chores, lacking computer skills, neglectful instructors, technical issues, and lacking in-person interaction. Moreover, these challenges of technical-vocational students have been coped with through resourceful individuals, nurturing spiritual faith, being able to organize tasks, tending to socialize, being able to think positively, fostering mental and physical health, engaging in recreational activities, fostering self-motivation, adaptability to the current situation, determination to finish studies, and sentimental feelings towards family. The researcher found that the lack of hands-on learning increases the challenges for students investigating these challenges. The author intended to help students address these problems by developing an efficient intervention.
Keywords: Covid-19, Challenges, Phenomenology, Technical-Vocational Education
... In addition, 30 BSEE, 27 BSCE, 13 BSIT, 8 BSEd, 6 BSME, 5 BECEd, 4 ABEL, and 1 BSMath, or 0.13 percent of the students assert that they have no devices for flexible learning, and at the same time, they have problem with internet connectivity as well. The reason for this problem is the country's internet infrastructure lags compared with other developing countries in Asia (Salac and Kim, 2016). The cost of the internet (CI) is the next pressing problem encountered by the students in the implementation of flexible learning. ...
Philippine Commission of Higher Higher Education (CHED) compelled Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to adopt flexible teaching and learning and urged them to employ available flexible curriculum with incorporates both synchronous and asynchronous learning modes and a mixture of teaching and learning methods. This study aims to analyzed the implementation of flexible learning using decision trees. The research utilized descriptive research, where a descriptive survey was designed to identify the problems encountered, problems/ challenges, and suggest solutions by university students in the implementation of flexible learning in the campus. Problems/challenges on no/unreliable internet connection and cost of internet connectivity are the two (2) major problems that were encountered by the students in the implementation of flexible learning in the university. Administrators should coordinate with the local government units to assist students in terms of internet connections. PSU should provide subsidies to assist students with the needed devices for flexible learning.
... It must be noted that the internet connection problem was the top concern among students. It is because the Philippines has expensive but poor internet quality (Digital Quality of Life Index, 2020; Salac & Kim, 2016). Meanwhile, the result likewise revealed that majority of the students had moderate to high levels of mental health problems (75.36 or 199 out of 264). ...
The study aimed to ascertain the influence of academic stress on mental health among college students of the San Agustin Institute of Technology amidst COVID-19 Pandemic. The study surveyed two hundred sixty-four (264) respondents using an adapted standardized survey questionnaire. The qualified respondents were selected using simple random techniques. The data collected were analyzed using mean, Pearson r moment correlation, and simple regression techniques. The study reveals that most of the students experienced moderate to extreme stress (94.39% or 249 out of 264) and majority had moderate to high levels of mental health problems (75.36 or 199 out of 264) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, the results show that academic stress is significantly correlated with mental health using correlation analysis. Alternatively, using regression analysis, the result indicates that academic stress posited a significant influence on mental health. It suggests that the students stress on their academic engagement affects their mental health condition, especially amidst COVID-19 pandemic.
... In the study of Salac and Kim (2016), the Philippines ranked 104 th out of 144 qualified countries worldwide and 13 out of 15 Asia-Pacific Countries in terms of its internet connectivity. With this, internet connection remains very slow although Filipino users spend $20.35 per Mbps compared to the worldwide average of $5.21 per Mbps. ...
Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic greatly affected the education system and led West Visayas State University-Himamaylan City Campus to modular distance learning. The purpose of this study is to find out the challenges of elementary-pre-service teachers in the use of modular distance learning modality. It employed a qualitative-phenomenological approach deemed most applicable in discovering students' lived experiences in modular distance learning modality amidst the pandemic. The participants of the study were the ten (10) Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) students on the Campus. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide was used in this study. The trustworthiness of the data collected was established through triangulation and member checking. It was discovered that students have difficulty understanding the modules, trouble connecting to the internet, complications in managing time, obstacles in retrieving and submitting the modules, and endure uncomfortable learning places. Considering that face-to-face mode is slowly returning to normal, it is recommended that teachers teach students how to work collaboratively with their peers and manage their time efficiently.
... Slow internet connection is highly evident most especially in the Philippines. In comparison to other emerging countries in Asia today, the Philippines' Internet infrastructure is severely lacking, especially in terms of Internet connectivity (Salac & Kim, 2016). The majority of the participants' concerns can be explained by the fact that they have to spend more time than necessary looking for .Page 46 / 52. ...
Writing a thesis has always been considered one of the most challenging aspects of being an undergraduate student. However, no research on the difficulties of undergraduate students in the setting of Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs) in the Philippines has been identified. The purpose of this sequential explanatory research was to evaluate the challenges and obstacles experienced by undergraduate students while finishing their theses. Students pursuing a Bachelor of Physical Education at City College of Angeles in the Philippines who have completed writing and defending their theses comprise the study's participants. After gathering data from 116 students via an online survey (Nmale = 59, Nfemale = 57) for the quantitative phase, it was determined that infrastructure, communication, and time management presented a moderate amount of difficulty for students. Additionally, after the thematic analysis, three major themes and six sub-themes emerged: (1) Internet connectivity challenges and communication (connectivity issues and inadequate scientific resources, as well as communication with thesis groupmates), (2) Data gathering impediments (participant recruitment and rejection), and (3) Time Management issues (drawbacks of working students and thesis writing contrasted with other academic course works). Based on the findings, this report offers recommendations for tackling these obstacles and issues. Finally, the study's limitations and proposals for further research are presented.
... One of the challenges of School Information Coordinators is the lack of internet connectivity; receiving and sharing information requires an internet connection; thus, work tasks are disrupted and delayed, which leads to miscommunication and frustration because School Information Coordinators feel that they are not performing their work effectively. Slow internet connectivity hampers the motivation of users to innovate in a way that could contribute to inclusive growth and the development of a whole information society (Salac et al., 2016). ...
The School Information Coordinators (SIC) ensure efficient communication and information are coordinated and strengthened in their respective schools, especially in the new normal. Despite its successful designation, challenges were experienced in performing their roles, which hampers their effectiveness and functions. This qualitative case study explored the experiences of 12 SIC by interviewing them about their performance of their duties in the new normal education. The School Information Coordinators' duties and responsibilities in the new normal involve verifying information, facilitating the conduct of information, and helping to address the schools' issues and concerns. Furthermore, strategies to disseminate information include initiating collaborative efforts, strengthening relationships, being knowledgeable on tasks, and doing technologically inclined practices. Their challenges include poor internet connection and overloading of functions and responsibilities. However, in dealing with these challenges, School Information Coordinators applied resourceful in problem-solving, increasing work efforts, and seeking help and support. School Information Coordinators encountered different challenges, but efforts to overcome challenges were made possible by applying creativity and flexibility to their assigned designation.
... He discussed the necessity of online learning alongside issues such as limited access to gadgets and financial resources. The poor internet connectivity in the Philippines that lags behind its Asian neighbours (Salac & Kim, 2016) topped these concerns on online learning (Tria, 2020). ...
The widespread impact of COVID-19 greatly affects the deployment of higher education. In the Philippines, with the current physical restrictions, academic institutions have shifted to online learning. However, with limited technological resources compounded by one of the poorest internet connections in Southeast Asia, online learning is a constant challenge to educators in the Philippines. Even more so in architectural design, a studio culture in which creativity and mentorship are the main thrusts. Current literature on online learning in the country is mainly focussed on general subjects. This paper seeks to define the ways in which the architecture studio culture adapted to the challenges of conducting education online. This research employs qualitative methods that focus on the educators' shift to the online format when it comes to handling architecture studios in the Philippines. In particular, it examines the resiliency and resourcefulness of educators as well as the tools and techniques used. The study hopes to produce a framework for the continued improvement of the online architectural studio that will benefit educators and students alike.
... Furthermore, the unequal capacity of access to gadgets and the Internet for online education resources further exacerbated learning inequalities (Agaton and Cueto, 2021). It is important to note that internet connectivity in the Philippines is among Asia's slowest and most costly (Salac and Kim, 2016). For example, only 18% of the Philippines households have internet subscriptions (Santos, 2021b). ...
This study describes and explains the multifaceted effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic and psychosocial well-being of the artisanal fishing communities in Central Philippines. The state of child labour and their education amidst the COVID-19 lockdown were also explored. Four hundred artisanal fishing households, with 792 children, from the 10 coastal municipalities in Aklan province were surveyed in May–December 2020 through face-to-face household interviews. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened poverty in these highly vulnerable fishing communities primarily through severe disruptions in their fishing and marine tourism-related livelihoods. The proportion of households living below the Philippine poverty threshold of PHP12,030 (USD232.7) monthly for a family of five members increased from 78% pre-COVID to 91% peri-COVID. This economic impoverishment was more pronounced in larger families with limited income, as in the survey sites, where 41% of the households have more than five family members. Furthermore, 57% of the surveyed households believed that learning difficulty increased by 81% among children due to the blended online education modality. Amidst increased impoverishment, child labour intensified, and children stopped schooling. A significant decline in happiness index peri-COVID was also observed in the study sites indicating extreme socio-economic challenges. Contrary to expectations, however, interpersonal relations in most households improved, underscoring women’s stabilising and nurturing role. This latter phenomenon signifies that cooperative and nurturing actor relationships can be generated even in a crisis. Policies that mainstreamed local communities’ reproductive health, family planning, and programmes that diversify socio-economic, environmental, and technological assets must be renewed and promoted. The goal is to holistically improve human well-being by increasing or sustaining stocks of these assets to promote resilience and sustainability amidst crisis and complexity.
... Faulty internet connectivity and its high cost have long been a point of contention for the use of distance learning in the Philippines (Salac & Kim, 2016), and the same issue was identified as the participants' primary issue with regard to the synchronous modality they are using during the pandemic. According to one respondent: ...
p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to evaluate synchronous and asynchronous mathematics teaching modalities at Isabela State University. The qualitative research method was used to collect information, opinions, and experiences of Isabela State University mathematics faculty in employing synchronous and asynchronous modes in teaching mathematical courses in terms of strengths, weaknesses, possibilities, and problems. The study's subjects were 15 Mathematics Instructors chosen at random from Isabela State University's nine campuses. A structured interview was created and distributed to participants using Google Form. The limitations on face-to-face encounters prompted the use of such data-gathering technique. The researcher followed up with another video call interview to validate the participants' responses. The data was transcribed and processed using thematic analysis. The findings demonstrated that the synchronous and asynchronous learning modalities both have strengths and disadvantages that influence the quality of the teaching-learning process throughout the epidemic. Given this, distant learning is thought to be more effective when both modalities are used rather to just one of the aforementioned. This is because the strengths of one of the two modalities can solve the flaws highlighted in the other. As a result, mathematics instructors may receive more in-depth training in both asynchronous and synchronous teaching approaches, as well as strategies for becoming more successful teachers during the present school closures.</p
... Slow internet connection is highly evident most especially in the Philippines. In comparison to other emerging countries in Asia today, the Philippines' Internet infrastructure is severely lacking, especially in terms of Internet connectivity (Salac & Kim, 2016). The majority of the participants' concerns can be explained by the fact that they have to spend more time than necessary looking for .Page 46 / 52. ...
Writing a thesis has always been considered one of the most challenging aspects of being an undergraduate student. However, no research on the difficulties of undergraduate students in the setting of Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs) in the Philippines has been identified. The purpose of this sequential explanatory research was to evaluate the challenges and obstacles experienced by undergraduate students while finishing their theses. Students pursuing a Bachelor of Physical Education at City College of Angeles in the Philippines who have completed writing and defending their theses comprise the study's participants. After gathering data from 116 students via an online survey (Nmale = 59, Nfemale = 57) for the quantitative phase, it was determined that infrastructure, communication, and time management presented a moderate amount of difficulty for students. Additionally, after the thematic analysis, three major themes and six sub-themes emerged: (1) Internet connectivity challenges and communication (connectivity issues and inadequate scientific resources, as well as communication with thesis groupmates), (2) Data gathering impediments (participant recruitment and rejection), and (3) Time Management issues (drawbacks of working students and thesis writing contrasted with other academic course works). Based on the findings, this report offers recommendations for tackling these obstacles and issues. Finally, the study's limitations and proposals for further research are presented.
... This ranking placed the Philippines among Asia's most developed nations. (Salac & Kim, 2016) Remote Working as the preferred working arrangement According to a study conducted by Zalat and Bolbol (2022), more than half of the participants in their study recommended continuing telework post-COVID-19 due to its positive effects on their professional and social lives. Most participants prefer working from home because it motivates them more than traditional work arrangements. ...
Due to the COVID-19, remote and hybrid working adaptation has become a phenomenon in the Philippines. It became more prevalent during the pandemic, forcing a new work system adaptation. Offering flexibility as the main solution for distance and health safety, most employees were sent to work from home. Their morale is affected by several issues, including their environment, lack of communication and engagement, and work-life balance. This further includes the struggles experienced from equipment ownership and network issues that effect the performance and productivity of employees. The BPO industry is characterized by high demand and frequent changes, it depends on the needs, current state of the community, or new company policies that may be implemented. This study attempts to determine how remote working in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) organizations affects corporate management and employees in the long run when it comes to performance, productivity, overall health, balance, and the obstacles and elements that can impact their overall morale. This study also aims to provide a different perspective about company-related work systems, highlighting various changes in handling employees and accomplishing work in the new century
... Internet connection was always been a problem in the Philippines even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (Chiu et al., 2017) where online classes were very minimal compared to these days. On the other hand, device availability and ownership are also a problem in the education sector as it may affect the implementation of online learning (Salac & Kim, 2016). Due to the nature of these problems, graduate school students tend to shed more budget to access reliable internet connections and gadgets to support effective learning processes in innovative classes. ...
Educational paradigms have shifted from face-to-face to distance learning due to the impact brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. This shift is inevitable from the preparatory to the graduate level of education. Various improvements to adapt to this change are inevitable. One of which are the innovative classes implemented in the graduate school of Marikina Polytechnic College. Like any other program, evaluation is necessary based on the lens of key actors for its improvement. To evaluate the innovative class program implemented in the College, this study utilized phenomenological research design as lived experiences of the key actors play major roles in the evaluation process. Purposive sampling was utilized in the study and data were gathered through focus group discussion. Gathered data went through two-layered qualitative data analysis following the TPACK model as a priori. It was revealed that the availability of internet connection and appropriate devices, and familiarization of application were the subthemes under the Technology aspect; Appropriateness of pedagogy to content, teacher-centered discussion, a grouping of students, and research-based approach on Pedagogical aspect; Assessment and Evaluation Planning, Reflection-based assessment and Feedback mechanism are the sub-themes under Assessment Aspect; the integrated curriculum is the subtheme of Content Knowledge aspect. Keywords: TPACK, innovative class, graduate school, phenomenology, education adaptation
... People rely on it for the conveniences and efficiencies it provides and its importance in education, employment, health, and public safety, government operations, transportation, commerce and more (Boz & Karatas, 2015). Salac and Kim (2016) claim that Internet speeds in the Philippines have considerably improved in the last ten years. Internet speeds even further improved with the introduction of the fourth generation (4G) and long-term evolution (LTE) networks (Minges, 2015). ...
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to discover clusters or homogenous groups of work-from-home (WFH) Internet subscribers in the Philippines based on the attributes of speed, network quality, customer service, after-sales support, price, contract and value for money. Another objective is to determine if the formed clusters are related to the demographic profile.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 275 internet subscribers from Metro Manila were surveyed. K-means cluster analysis using the Hartigan-Wong algorithm was performed on the data to generate the clusters.
Findings
Results generated four significant clusters, which were named service value expecters, average expecters, low expecters and high expecters. Most of the subscribers are under the high expecters, followed by the service value expecters. The age and income of the subscribers are the profile that can affect the formulation of clusters in the Internet service industry. Those people in the younger age groups can be seen as more demanding, while older people tend to be content with the Internet service. Counter-intuitively, people with higher income seem to be more easily satisfied with Internet service features, while those people with lower income seem to be more demanding. Educational attainment and the number of household members do not have a direct effect on the formulation of clusters of Internet subscribers.
Originality/value
This is the first study to use cluster analysis in identifying possible segments of WFH Internet subscribers based on Internet service attributes. Its value is the provision of market segments based on which can be the basis for formulating marketing strategies and policies for the telecommunications industry.
... Some companies try to entice employees to work from home by installing digital equipment in their homes (International Labour Organization, 2020; Pearce & Pearce II, 2020). Many work-from-home opportunities are insufficient in Manila due to the average household size of 4-5 people and "inadequate yet expensive internet connections" (Salac et al., 2016;Ocampo & Yamagishi, 2020). According to studies, the future of the BPO industry and the livelihoods of its employees, particularly those who work from home, are jeopardized by the difficulties faced by large-scale home workers as a result of the widespread withdrawal of foreign direct investment (FDI) (Mantri, et al., 2020; Scholz, 2017; Stirpe, 2021). ...
Despite the threats and challenges confronting many economies, the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry in the Philippines has grown 10% per year in the last decade, ensuring the country’s economic stability. Quezon City is the Philippines’ ICT capital and has the most BPO workers in the National Capital Region, comprising 135 BPO establishments and 75 tax-paying BPO firms. The city was awarded the most significant office development in 2019. This study fills a knowledge gap by evaluating the BPO industry’s contribution to the Quezon City’s local government to improve future efforts for the growth of the BPO industry in the city and its socioeconomic status. The case study method of qualitative research was used in the methodology. The essential data was gathered from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA), the City Government of Quezon City, and in-depth interviews with focal persons from government bodies and the BPO industry. Despite COVID-19, the Quezon City BPO industry remained resilient and flourished from 2019 to 2021. The local partnership program between the private and public sectors aided in the continuous operation of the BPO industry, job retention, and revenue generation. The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry has generated significant revenue for the betterment of the local government unit of Quezon City and the country, Philippines.
... The Philippines has an average Internet speed of 2.8 Mbps, ranking 104 th among 160 countries, while developed countries in Asia like South Korea (23.6 Mbps) and Singapore (12.9 Mbps) rank 1 st and 12 th , respectively. 10 Poor online connections during telerehabilitation may compromise the safety and accuracy of virtual assessment and management. They may also unnecessarily increase the time spent by clinicians from assisting clients troubleshoot technical glitches, thereby limiting the number of patients that can be seen in a virtual clinic period, and possibly contributing to telehealth fatigue. ...
After two years of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, cases have generally begun to decline in the different regions of the world, and consequently a lot of people are gradually returning to face-to-face interactions, including health-related activities. Based on scarce local literatures published recently, telerehabilitation was envisioned to be a viable solution to bridge the perennial gaps in the delivery of rehabilitation services across the Philippine archipelago, such as the lack of manpower and resources, aggravated by the pandemic.
... Device ownership is a constant barrier to the efficient adoption of online learning due to the digital divide. Intermittent Internet access impedes effective online learning in underdeveloped nations (Salac & Kim, 2016). ...
This study explores the learning experiences of college students in Mathematics in the Modern World during synchronous classes. The research participants were the AB-PolSci students from Saint Columban College, specifically the first-year students who are officially enrolled at the beginning of synchronous classes during the academic year 2021-2022. A single-case study was utilized. This study is supported by the gathered data from the interview guide questions answered by the 1st year AB-PolSci students. It was found that research participants encountered difficulties in learning Mathematics in the Modern World during synchronous classes using a platform, google meet, which leads to complications in delivering the lessons while making their performance tasks during online classes. It also showed that the participants had their strategies to learn Mathematics in the Modern World by watching YouTube videos and reading the provided materials in the Google Classroom. The participants identified the following challenges: difficulty in answering their worksheets, slow internet connection, lack of intrinsic motivation, and difficulty in learning Mathematics in the Modern World. The participants' adjustments pointed to acceptance of the current situation and sought assistance from classmates, friends, and the internet to cope with those challenges.
... In the Philippines, slow internet is a prevalent issue; few people have fast internet, and other people struggle to acquire a strong signal because of their location and other circumstances. According to a study, poor internet access hinders people's productivity as well as the expansion and improvement of a community (Salac & Kim, 2016 In class, at home, or when learning at home, students are expected to complete assignments that are similar to those they would typically complete. The weather, location, unplanned telecoms connection interruption, and brownout are a few examples of reasons that can occasionally make it difficult to connect to the internet. ...
Education is a valuable possession in the society that people live in today, and many strive hard to acquire it. Education is essential for everyone to lead fulfilled lives. This study aimed to assess and investigate the perceptions and lived experiences of Grade 12 TVL strand students from San Luis National High School, particularly in the Senior High School Department, during the school years 2021 to 2022 of the new normal education system. The study used a qualitative type of research design, particularly a phenomenological study method approach to analyze and questions were defined by the researchers from a phenomenological standpoint in the TVL strand. The Grade 12 TV students are currently dealing with a variety of obstacles brought on by the pandemic. The viral threat is not the only problem the students are facing; they're also having academic difficulties. Based on their personal experiences, the participants turn to their fellow students to help them overcome obstacles in the new normal education system. Due to the nature of the learning environment, the students develop their support network digitally, allowing them to interact socially. On the basis of the respondents' responses, it is possible to surmise that there is a difference in the student's performance and experiences when participating in traditional learning and new normal learning. According to their responses, it may be inferred that the students preferred the traditional educational setting.
... As a result, one of the key challenges is internet connectivity. e Philippines ranked 104th out of 160 nations, well behind developed Asian countries like South Korea (23.6 Mbps) and Singapore (12.9 Mbps), which were ranked 1 and 12, respectively (Salac and Kim, 2016). The Philippine Department of Education chose to remain with modular distance learning, especially in rural areas, and this is also because of internet connectivity and accessibility. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted the educational system at all levels, from basic to higher education. To stop the spread of the deadly virus, students, parents, teachers, and school administrators must adapt to the rapid change in learning modality. The implementation and use of distance learning are one of the most effective ways to stop the virus from spreading and enable the continuation of education despite the global crisis. In developing countries where distance learning has not yet been fully mastered and explored, almost everyone, including students, parents, teachers, and school officials, has encountered difficulties. This study employed thematic analysis to identify, interpret, and analyze the meaning of the experiences of the teachers throughout this pandemic. It has been shown that teachers' innovative and creative use of technology considerably enhances students' learning.
... Teachers all over the country shared the same struggle as they prepare the learning materials asynchronously and use them in synchronous meetings. According to Salac and Kim [49], the Philippines had a meager average internet speed of 2.8 Mbps and lags behind contemporary developing countries in Asia in terms of internet connectivity. Similarly, unreliable internet connections and out-of-date devices are indeed a challenge for online distance modality [50]. ...
With the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching highly skilled subjects such as robotics becomes a huge challenge, especially where schools are bound for distance learning. The study utilized the robotics flipped instruction in the hybrid online learning with the synchronous and asynchronous mode of delivery-a screen-to-screen teaching and learning process where students can work online and offline depending on their availability. Based on the findings of the study, the robotics flipped instructional model A-P-P-E-A-R was developed. Assess, plan, and program are part of the asynchronous or out-of-class activities whereas execute, analyze, and reassess are part of the synchronous or in-class activities. The study concluded robotics flipped instruction is an effective alternative teaching strategy since there was an improvement in the students' learning outcomes. Consequently, students under the robotics flipped instruction perform better in terms of motivation and achievement. Moreover, results showed that female students are more extrinsically motivated while male students are more intrinsically motivated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of robotics flipped instruction revealed a between medium to large effect size. This implies a greater magnitude of the effect of the flipped learning environment in a robotics class. However, respondents of the study experienced several challenges in using flipped robotics instruction. These include (1) use of technology (2) delivery of instruction (3) targeting content and performance standards (4) preparation time and (5) internet connectivity.
... Internet connection is indeed a major problem in the Philippines. Apart from expensive internet costs, the average connection speed in the Philippines is classified in the global context as a group of countries with weak internet speeds (Salac and Kim, 2016). It is linear with the data illustrated by 45 respondents who mention their difficulties with unsupportive internet speed amidst the full dependence of the learning process and coordination on the internet. ...
... All of the policies included in the study were found in the official databases of DOH and DENR and are publicly accessible online in official government websites. However, it also stands that online policy databases in government websites are not frequently accessed due to ineffective policy marketing and dissemination mechanisms (70), compounded by unreliable internet connectivity in many parts of the country (71,72). As such, the extent of actual accessibility, specifically to implementers and to the public in general, and particularly during the pandemic, remains unknown. ...
This study presents a comprehensive analysis on policies governing the management of COVID-19 waste in the Philippines, highlighting gaps in pre-existing policies and opportunities for further policy development and adaptation in the context of present and future public health emergencies. A hybrid search strategy and consultative process identified fifty (50) policy documents directly impacting the management of wastes (general domestic, healthcare, and household healthcare waste) released prior to and during the pandemic. Content analysis revealed comprehensive policy coverage on managing general domestic waste and healthcare waste. However, there remains a dearth in policies for managing household healthcare waste, an emerging category for waste generated by patients isolating at home or in isolation facilities. Applicable, pre-existing policies were neither adequate nor specific to this category, and may therefore be subjected to variable interpretation and mismanagement when applied to this novel waste category. Assessment using the modified Cradle-to-End-Of-Life (CTEOL) framework revealed adequate policy coverage across the waste lifecycle stages. However, policies on reducing waste generation were relatively minimal and outdated, and policy gaps in waste segregation led to downstream inefficiencies and introduction of environmental health risks in waste collection, treatment, and disposal. The internal validity of policies was also evaluated against eleven (11) criteria adapted from Rütten et al. and Cheung et al. The criteria analysis revealed strong fulfillment of ensuring policy accessibility, goal clarity, provision of human resources, and strength of policy background, but weak fulfillment of criteria on providing adequate financing, organizational capacity building, monitoring and evaluation, and encouragement of opportunities for public participation. We conclude that existing waste management policies in the Philippines leave much room for improvement to ensure effective management of COVID-19 waste from various settings and circumstances. Hence, these policies are expected to adapt and evolve over time, utilizing the best available technology and environmental practices. Integrated, region-wide waste management systems, involving both government and society, and strengthened by equitable provisional support are needed for effective waste management that is both inclusive and resilient in the face of present and future pandemics.
... In terms of cost, the Philippines is seen as one of the countries that has an expensive internet connection, in which Salac and Kim (2016) revealed that Philippine Internet users pay $20.35 per megabit per second, compared to the global average of $5.21 per megabit per second. In terms of the cost of Internet connection per Mbps, the Philippines ranked 161st out of 202 nations. ...
We are very happy to publish this issue of the International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. The International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research is a peer-reviewed open-access journal committed to publishing high-quality articles in the field of education. Submissions may include full-length articles, case studies and innovative solutions to problems faced by students, educators and directors of educational organisations.
To learn more about this journal, please visit the website http://www.ijlter.org.
We are grateful to the editor-in-chief, members of the Editorial Board and the reviewers for accepting only high quality articles in this issue.
We seize this opportunity to thank them for their great collaboration. The Editorial Board is composed of renowned people from across the world. Each paper is reviewed by at least two blind reviewers.
We will endeavour to ensure the reputation and quality of this journal with this issue.
... However, teacher's persistence to provide quality instruction were proven efficient when using personal resources. In the study of Salac & Kim (2016) in terms of internet connectivity in the Philippines, the country's internet infrastructure lags behind those of contemporary developing nations in Asia. In 2015, the average Internet speed in Thailand was 7.4 Mbps, Sri Lanka 7.4 Mbps, and Malaysia 4.3 Mbps. ...
This study is a transcendental phenomenology that explores the lived experiences of the out-of-field junior high school music teachers in the online teaching of music amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The out-
of-field teaching phenomenon simply refers to teaching outside one’s qualifications and expertise. Through purposive sampling, nine participants from public junior high schools in Tacloban City, Philippines with out-of-field music teachers provided significant responses relative to their lived experience which was then treated
with thematic analysis. The results suggest that the success in teaching music online based on the lived experiences of the out-of-field music teachers primarily depends on the issues of teacher qualification, support for adequate resources, and professional development training. Moreover, factors such as internet connectivity
and the teacher’s competence are directly affecting the students’ interest to learn and the teachers’ morale towards their profession. Efficiency in teaching music online, on the other hand, as experienced by the out-of- field music teachers is attainable with their best practices in online music teaching. Therefore, out-of-field teaching must be alleviated since teaching music online entails a holistic approach to content mastery, support for online teaching, equipment, and training for professional development.
... Internet connection is indeed a major problem in the Philippines. Apart from expensive internet costs, the average connection speed in the Philippines is classified in the global context as a group of countries with weak internet speeds (Salac and Kim, 2016). It is linear with the data illustrated by 45 respondents who mention their difficulties with unsupportive internet speed amidst the full dependence of the learning process and coordination on the internet. ...
... Availability and access to the internet has been a problem in the Philippines (Salac& Kim, 2016). The current initiative of the university to provide internet subsidy to faculty and students may contribute to an array of needed things to do. ...
... Availability and access to the internet has been a problem in the Philippines (Salac& Kim, 2016). The current initiative of the university to provide internet subsidy to faculty and students may contribute to an array of needed things to do. ...
... It should be noted that the internet connections reaching all regions in Indonesia are now supported by five sources including asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable TV, Wi-Fi, local area network (LAN), and dial-up (Blank & Groselj, 2014 ADSL. For networks, dial-up and ADSL are usually implemented through a global system for mobile communications (GSM) with certain brands (Salac & Kim, 2016). GSM is easy to get, cheap, practical, and available in the nearest cellular shops, so that GSM cards attract a wide market for various consumers (Jang-Jaccard & Nepal, 2014). ...
The world is constantly moving and working in order to revive the hope of improving welfare and quality of life. People’s enthusiasm for the sophistication of IT is no doubt. From this study, our highest determination is to explore how the role of economic globalization as a constructive effort to increase internet users and attract the attention of mobile phone customersin Indonesia. The analysis technique supported by multiple linear regression through three patterns including linear, semi-log (natural logarithm), and double-log (Cobb-Douglas) functions, then extra software applied with Sobel test. We collected data from The Global Economy for the period 2013-2020. We concluded that there is a direct and indirect relationship regarding objectives, hypothetical frameworks, and conceptual models. It is proven, if there is no variable that has a significant effect, because p> 0.10. From the indirect path, economic globalization also does not have a significant effect on mobile phone customers via internet users (p> 0.10). This study recommends novelties that need to be studied intensively for the sustainability of researchers in the future, where it is necessary to expand indicators outside of this text and add time-lag (long term). Last, concrete policies not only concentrated on the theoretical aspect, but smart actions based on practical outcomes that will help the government, academics, and practitioners towards all the dynamics of industry 4.0.
... It should be noted that the internet connections reaching all regions in Indonesia are now supported by five sources including asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable TV, Wi-Fi, local area network (LAN), and dial-up (Blank & Groselj, 2014 ADSL. For networks, dial-up and ADSL are usually implemented through a global system for mobile communications (GSM) with certain brands (Salac & Kim, 2016). GSM is easy to get, cheap, practical, and available in the nearest cellular shops, so that GSM cards attract a wide market for various consumers (Jang-Jaccard & Nepal, 2014). ...
The world is constantly moving and working to revive the hope of improving welfare and quality of life. People's enthusiasm for the sophistication of IT is undoubtful. From this study, our highest determination is to explore how the role of economic globalization as a constructive effort increases the internet users and attracts the attention of mobile phone customers in Indonesia. The analysis technique is supported by multiple linear regression through three patterns including linear, semi-log (natural logarithm), and double-log (Cobb-Douglas) functions. Then, an extra software is applied for a Sobel test. We collected data from The Global Economy report in the period 2013-2020. We concluded that there are direct and indirect relationships regarding objectives, hypothetical frameworks, and conceptual models. It is proven that there has been no variable that has a significant effect because its p> 0.10. From the indirect path, economic globalization also has yet to show a significant effect on mobile phone customers via internet users (p> 0.10). This study recommends novelties that need to be studied intensively for the sustainability of research in the future, where it is necessary to expand indicators outside of this text and time-lag (long term). Lastly, concrete policies are not only concentrated on the theoretical aspect but also on smart actions based on practical outcomes that will help the government, academics, and practitioners move towards all the dynamics of industry 4.0. ABSTRAK Dunia bergerak dan bekerja tanpa henti dalam rangka menghidupkan harapan akan adnya perbaikan kesejahteraan dan kualitas kehidupan. Antusiasme orang-orang akan kecanggihan TI sudah tidak diragukan lagi. Dari kajian ini, tekad tertinggi kami adalah untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana peran globalisasi ekonomi sebagai upaya konstruktif meningkatkan pengguna internet dan menarik perhatian pelanggan telepon seluler di Indonesia. Teknik analisis didukung oleh regresi linear berganda melalui tiga pola, yaitu fungsi linear, semi-log (logaritma natural), dan double-log (Cobb-Douglas). Kemudian, software ekstra diterapkan untuk uji Sobel. Data dikumpulkan dari The Global Economy pada periode 2013-2020. Disimpulkan bahwa ada keterkaitan secara langsung dan tidak langsung yang mengacu kepada tujuan, kerangka hipotesis, dan model konsepsional. Hal ini terbukti karena tidak ditemukan variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan karena p> 0,10. Secara tidak langsung, tampak
... As a result, working from home will be a difficult challenge for the teachers. Another issue that may arise because of this arrangement is that the Philippines' internet infrastructure lags other nations with average internet speeds, ranking 104 out of 160 countries [70]. ...
COVID-19 has had a global impact, affecting every higher education institution. Gaps and challenges in the Philippine educational system have been identified, including inadequate technological infrastructure and a preference for in-person classroom instruction over the effective use of online technologies and resources. The crisis has provided opportunities for reflection. Many lessons come from the many responses. The impact of innovation and approach refinement are effective determinants of the country's educational program's resiliency in a crisis. This article addresses emerging opportunities such as increasing the number of training activities and broadening participation, integrating an online learning management system into teaching, recognizing the benefits of a community internet hub, strengthening psychosocial health programs in schools, and strengthening cross-sector collaborations. As a result, higher education institutions are constantly challenged to find new ways to thrive in the face of a pandemic in terms of providing quality instruction and services. Further studies on how higher education institutions responded to the needs of the stakeholders in the new reality are recommended.
... In the study of Salac and Kim (2016), since there are only two big participants in the sector, they tend to be complacent about enhancing their services. As a result, Internet users have access to just a restricted number of bandwidths. ...
Social networking sites are being used worldwide and consume most of the people’s time, especially students. This study aims to know the effect of online social networking sites engagement of students in learning the English language.
This study is Quantitative method research and employed a 20-item survey questionnaire for COED PUP-Main English major students. The data were tallied, classified, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted with the help of a statistician. The formula of mean and Kruskal-Wallis test was used in this study.
The results show that COED students’ English language skills in SNS engagement were affected positively or negatively. Students agree on different positive and negative effects of online SNS on English language learning: vocabulary and grammar, references or information sources, comprehensive interaction, and access to the English language. There is no significant difference in students’ English language learning regardless of the student's gender. In age and year-level, on the other hand, there is a significant difference.
The researchers recommended using online SNS as a medium for instructions to improve English language skills. The researchers recommended conducting a further study about students' online SNS engagement and its effect on English language learning.
... They further mentioned that during face-to-face classes, the availability of internet access in the university is very limited-a common problem experienced by most students in the country [27]. Another reason for this was the inadequate internet infrastructure which affects both the speed and cost in the Philippines [28]- [31]. ...
The corona-virus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has caused extreme disruption in the delivery of instruction in many educational institutions all over the world. However, this circumstance may not only be a challenge but also an opportunity to foster learning through exploration of various technologies that can be developed, more specifically in a course characterized with a strong skills-based orientation such as physical education (PE). Therefore, the aim set in this study was to develop a mobile application for Movement Competency Training (MCT) grounded on the User-Centered Design Model. This descriptive mixed-method research started with a preliminary needs assessment analysis which was participated by 121 Filipino students enrolled in the MCT course and 10 PE teachers. Results revealed the skills that require a higher degree of proficiency such as non-locomotor skills, locomotor, and mobility skills. Also, the majority of the respondents are mobile phone users which justified the adoption of mobile instruction and the development of an application for MCT. Moreover, indicated in this research was the preference of the intended users in terms of design and interface that led to the development of the mobile application and had specified the requirements based on the users' needs. The initial assessment of the developed application indicated a highly acceptable level of functional suitability, usability, and portability by the student-respondents. A field testing of the application may be recommended to determine its effectiveness in mastering the skills in MCT independently.
... is is happening because the Philippines' Internet infrastructure lags among contemporary developing countries in Asia, particularly in terms of Internet connectivity. e country has an inadequate average Internet speed of 2.8 Mbps, ranking 104 among 160 countries in 2015 [71]. In Reyes-Chua et al.'s [72] study, similar problems were accounted for, such as lack of resources and the difficulty of Wi-Fi connection between the students and faculty members in region 4A, the Philippines. ...
With the pandemic’s widespread effect, the “New Normal” in instruction in Philippine education embraces online learning. This study investigated the effect of online learning on students’ motivation, self-efficacy, and anxiety in mathematics. The study employed quasi-experimental research, specifically a one-group pre-post-test research design. Two adapted research questionnaires on mathematics motivation, self-efficacy, and anxiety were utilized. Results show that students’ mathematics motivation and self-efficacy have significantly decreased over the 6-week pilot test of synchronous online learning. Students’ anxiety remained “High” before and after the implementation, indicating fear and uncertainty of the new normal in instruction. Furthermore, results found that slow and unstable Internet connection, less motivation to do self-study, plenty of activities at home, and chores were some of the main reasons students got difficulties in learning the subject matter and adjusting to the “New Normal.” Results imply the improvement of online learning processes, emphasizing government projects for faster Internet connectivity. Also, emphasis on engaging classroom activities, especially in mathematics, must be established, improving learners’ motivation and self-efficacy and decreasing anxiety.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in the education sector worldwide with most institutions opting to close physical classrooms and shift to remote learning to mitigate the spread of the virus. This study aimed to determine the faculty readiness in education in the new normal of Guimaras State College, Mclain, Buenavista, Guimaras, Philippines on School Year 2020-2021 as a basis for the development of an intervention program. The study used a quantitative research design, and the respondents were the 107 faculty members selected through purposive sampling. The results showed that the overall level of faculty readiness was high with no significant differences observed when classified according to age, sex, educational attainment, and years in teaching service. The study recommends the implementation of an intervention program to further improve faculty readiness and address concerns related to the shift to remote learning.
The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of the family environment on the academic achievement of Grade 10 students at Sto. National High School. The descriptive research approach was applied, and the survey questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 100 Grade 10 students participated in the survey. The investigation was placed throughout the school year 2021-2022. In terms of academic achievement, this survey discovered that the majority of respondents had good grades and is doing well in their studies. The survey also revealed that the majority of respondents have big families, that their parents' monthly income is less than $10,000, that both father and mother are college graduates, that they have a nuclear family, and that they watch TV and watch videos are always available at their residence. Also, the majority of respondents are content with their lighting and ventilation, study in the living room, use cellular data, have sluggish access, and occasionally
The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of the family environment on the academic achievement of Grade 10 students at Sto. National High School. The descriptive research approach was applied, and the survey questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 100 Grade 10 students participated in the survey. The investigation was placed throughout the school year 2021-2022. In terms of academic achievement, this survey discovered that the majority of respondents had good grades and is doing well in their studies. The survey also revealed that the majority of respondents have big families, that their parents' monthly income is less than $10,000, that both father and mother are college graduates, that they have a nuclear family, and that they watch TV and watch videos are always available at their residence. Also, the majority of respondents are content with their lighting and ventilation, study in the living room, use cellular data, have sluggish access, and occasionally
The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of the family environment on the academic achievement of Grade 10 students at Sto. National High School of Nio. The descriptive research approach was applied, and the survey questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 100 Grade 10 students participated in the survey. The investigation was placed throughout the school year 2021-2022. In terms of academic achievement, this survey discovered that the majority of respondents had good grades and is doing well in their studies. The survey also revealed that the majority of respondents have big families, that their parents' monthly income is less than $10,000, that both father and mother are college graduates, that they have a nuclear family, and that they watch TV and watch videos are always available at their residence. Also, the majority of respondents are content with their lighting and ventilation, study in the living room, use cellular data, have sluggish access, and occasionally
The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of the family environment on the academic achievement of Grade 10 students at Sto. National High School of Nio. The descriptive research approach was applied, and the survey questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 100 Grade 10 students participated in the survey. The investigation was placed throughout the school year 2021-2022. In terms of academic achievement, this survey discovered that the majority of respondents had good grades and is doing well in their studies. The survey also revealed that the majority of respondents have big families, that their parents' monthly income is less than $10,000, that both father and mother are college graduates, that they have a nuclear family, and that they watch TV and watch videos are always available at their residence. Also, the majority of respondents are content with their lighting and ventilation, study in the living room, use cellular data, have sluggish access, and occasionally
Teachers' Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literacy skills in employing teaching-learning modalities opened new avenues for making the teaching and learning process more dynamic and engaging. This study developed a model of TPACK, School Culture, and ICT Literacy Skills on Technostress of Science Teachers in secondary schools of Bukidnon Divisions in the School Year 2021-2022. The study examined teachers' best predictors of technostress, resulting in the development of a structural equation model (SEM). Descriptive, correlational, and causalcomparative designs were utilized, employing adapted survey questionnaires as instruments to obtain information from the 320 participants. Mean, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Multiple Regression, and SEM were the statistical tools used. The results show that the level of science teachers' technostress, TPACK, and school culture was high and moderate in ICT literacy skills. Moreover, there was a positive and signicant relationship between the science teachers' TPACK, school culture, and ICT skills with their technostress. The ICT skills and school culture were predictors of science teachers' technostress. Finally, the best t model of science teachers' technostress is best predicted by ICT skills and TPACK. Hence, the model suggests the following: ICT Skills and TPACK inuence teachers' technostress; the collaborative inuence of teachers on ICT Literacy Skills and TPACK leads to less technostress; teachers' high level in TPACK with their basic level in ICT are inuential factors in their technostress, and less technostress when there is basic ICT Skills and high TPACK levels with regards to doing the new modality of teaching and learning.
The purpose of this study is to examine factors that encourage and inhibit digital innovation and entrepreneurship in the Handicraft sector as a part of Small enterprises during an economic slowdown. From the viewpoint of Indian young craft entrepreneurs, it is fact that digital technology will be essential for navigating the recovery and eventually will support the growth of the handicraft industry and artisanal transformation as entrepreneurship by surviving in the crisis and even thriving in the long run. 50 online Handicraft business owners having their own craft skills were interviewed in-depth using a qualitative methodology by researcher, who then used inductive(Qualitative) content analysis to identify themes from the transcripts. Results showed that entrepreneurial and digital innovations of moving handicraft businesses to digital platforms are reinforced by the pandemic's negative effects, which were classified into intrinsic and extrinsic. It has been found that the responded mentioned that the unavailability of high-quality digital infrastructures, pandemic restrictions, market concerns with digital platforms, and knowledge and IT skills needed for operating an online business were some of the challenges. The results of the article add to the body of digital knowledge on innovative ideas about entrepreneurship and point to potential topics to do quantitative research in order to develop programs that assist handicraft business owners during downturns in the economy. This would act as a benchmark when government policies and strategies for economic recovery and for the development of the handicraft sector through digital and Innovative entrepreneurship were being developed.
This paper aimed to discover the coping, initiatives, constraints, and challenges public secondary school teachers encounter in the new normal education. The central question of this paper lies in "What are the adapting and coping mechanisms of teachers and students in the distance learning modality amidst the pandemic?". This paper used the qualitative research design and employed a phenomenological approach to investigate secondary public-school teachers' coping mechanisms and initiatives in the new normal education. This paper focused on twelve public secondary school teachers in Cagayan, Philippines. The research's findings are: (1) Most teachers encountered substantial challenges due to a lack of resources, student supervision, and duties. (2) Most teachers were constrained by the advent of the digital era. (3) Public-school teachers cope with their students' needs by employing effective initiatives and teaching strategies. (4) Despite their weariness and stress, teachers report positive outcomes such as tremendous enthusiasm and building connections with the school community. Meanwhile, the schools' adaptation to distant learning should be guided and encouraged by the following policies and concepts:(1) Access to technology for students. (2) Regular monitoring and feedback (3) Providing curriculum and instruction of the highest quality. Through this paper, teachers may benefit from adopting various coping techniques and activities for the new normal education.
Abstract: - As the COVID-19 pandemic entered and disturbed activities in every nation, managing manual agricultural practices are slowly shifting towards automation such as the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning. This trend can be seen both in the global and local setting, which they termed precision agriculture or commonly known as smart farming. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of smart farming technologies both in urban and rural areas especially in the Philippines. The results showed that the impact on agriculture in terms of the economic aspect expanded by about 1.6% in its GDP despite the pandemic, that is experienced all over the globe. Furthermore, key performance indicators in aspects of economic, industry/manufacturing including labor and social were determined, which yielded out to be positive despite some barriers or constraints identified. In the end, there were - going programs and projects under precision agriculture that will support labor and employment, human development through government laws/policy, and research and development/innovation until the post-pandemic era or the new normal.
Slow Internet? Blame Red Tape: TelCos
- M Basa
Basa, M., 2015, Slow Internet? Blame Red Tape: TelCos, Published in Rappler January.
Internet Transit Prices: Historical and Projected, Internet Peering White Papers
Dr. Peering International, 2010, Internet Transit Prices: Historical and Projected, Internet Peering
White Papers.
The Growth of Broadband Internet Connections in South Korea: Contributing Factors
- H Lee
- S Lim
Yun K., H. Lee and S. Lim, 2002, The Growth of Broadband Internet Connections in South Korea:
Contributing Factors. Asia/Pacific Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford,
California.
Telecommunications Regulation Handbook, Tenth Anniversary Edition. International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- C Blackman
- L Srivastava
Blackman, C. and L. Srivastava, 2011, Telecommunications Regulation Handbook, Tenth
Anniversary Edition. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), The World Bank,
InfoDev and International Finance Corporation.
- S Dutta
- T Geiger
- B Lanvin
Dutta S., T. Geiger and B. Lanvin, 2015, The Global Information Report Technology, World
Economic Forum.
Promoting the Use of Internet Exchange Points: A Guide to Policy, Management and Technical Issues
- M Jensen
Jensen, M., 2013, Promoting the Use of Internet Exchange Points: A Guide to Policy, Management
and Technical Issues, Internet Society Report.
Interconnection and Peering among Internet Service Providers: A Historical Perspective
- L Chapin
- C Owens
Chapin L. and C. Owens, 2005, Interconnection and Peering among Internet Service Providers: A
Historical Perspective, Interisle Consulting Group.
Building broadband: Strategies and Policies for the Developing World
- Y Kim
- T Kelly
- S Raja
Kim Y., T. Kelly and S. Raja, 2010, Building broadband: Strategies and Policies for the Developing
World. Global Information and Communications (GICT) Department, World Bank.