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Weight Reduction and Body Fat Through Zumba Dance Training and Aerobic High Impact
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2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 180 012193
(http://iopscience.iop.org/1757-899X/180/1/012193)
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Weight Reduction and Body Fat Through Zumba Dance
Training and Aerobic High Impact
Berliana*
Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
*berliana.rahely@yahoo.co.id
Abstract. This paper embarks from the modern technological advancements that have negative
impacts on society i.e. the lack of physical activity which resulting in high obesity rates and
poor health. Studies have shown that Zumba dance and high impact aerobics as a way to
reduce weight and body fat. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Zumba
dance exercise and high impact aerobics to reduce weight and body fat. In addition, this study
also aims to evaluate differences in the effect of both forms of exercise on the percentage of
body weight and fat. The population of this study is IBAF SMEs and SME woman gymnastics
at UPI Bandung. While the sample is 10 women from each group. The research method used is
experimentation with pre-test and post-test group design. Data were analyzed by paired t-test
using SPSS. The results indicate differences in the Zumba dance workout in weight loss is
significant at P < 0.05, (P = 0.010) as well as fat content (P = 0.007). Differences of high
impact aerobic exercise on weight loss is also significant at P < 0.05, (0.00) and fat content
(0.00). While, the differences of both groups in reducing body weight are not significant
(0.334) and fat content (0,146) at P < 0,05. This study concludes a significant difference from
Zumba dance training and high impact aerobics in weight loss and there are no significant
differences of both groups in improving results. In other words, both methods equally produced
significant reductions.
1. Introduction
The presence of globalization and modernization can bring rapid progress in the field of sports, such
as; the presence of foreign players and coaches in Indonesia, simply look for quality seeds in the
various regions, to help find a facility that supports achievement etc. Conversely, it can also give
adverse effects, such as; local athletes displacement due to the presence of foreign players
(achievement competition). In general, for ordinary people, it can also reduce the effects of direct
physical work, in other words, a lot of physical work which was originally done by walking, can be
solved only by simply using your mobile phone. Lack of physical work such as sitting for long periods
will give a negative effect on health, Sayed Ahmed Khashaba (2015, p 1) states that; Physical exercise
is vital for a healthy life and has several positive influences on the body. On the other hand, physical
inactivity adversely influences body weight and is associated with obesity.
One result of the lack of physical activity is overweight or obesity. According to Rizky (2013),
obesity is excess weight as a result of 'hoarding' excess body fat. Scientifically, obesity caused by
consuming more calories than needed by the body, they are not burnt through physical activity /
exercise. One of the diseases of inactivity is obesity or overweight, this is more common in children
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1st Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
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up to adult women. To avoid overweight Simone V. Gill and Ya-Ching Hung (2013, p, 1) advocated
'Current Recommendations are for children to Participate in a minimum of 60min of daily physical
activity'
If the above conditions are allowed to continue, it will result in the emergence of some diseases,
such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke and various other diseases. Besides disease, obesity also affects
a person's appearance. Therefore, the efforts to achieve the ideal body weight basically cannot be
separated from the components of the ideal body, this is expressed as a percentage of body weight. To
achieve the ideal weight, some important body components should be taken into account, one of which
is the percentage of body fat and body weight of components other than fatty / Lean Body Weight
(LBW). LBW can be bone (skeleton), muscles, organs, and extracellular fluid. While ,on the other
hand, the percentage of fat (fat in the body) is a comparison of the percentage of fat and the
composition of the body (LBW). The measurement of ideal body weight can be determined in various
ways such as using body mass index (BMI) as an initial measurement using the following formula,
BMI = Weight (kg) / height (m) ². Then after that, the result can match the BMI table in Table 1
below.
Table 1. The International Classification of adult underweight, overweight and obesity according to
BMI
• Classification
• BMI(kg/m2)
•
• Principal cut-off points
• Additional cut-off points
• Underweight
• <18.50
• <18.50
• Severe thinness
• <16.00
• <16.00
• Moderate thinness
• 16.00 - 16.99
• 16.00 - 16.99
• Mild thinness
• 17.00 - 18.49
• 17.00 - 18.49
• Normal range
• 18.50 - 24.99
• 18.50 - 22.99
• 23.00 - 24.99
• Overweight
• ≥25.00
• ≥25.00
• Pre-obese
• 25.00 - 29.99
• 25.00 - 27.49
• 27.50 - 29.99
• Obese
• ≥30.00
• ≥30.00
• Obese class I
• 30.00 - 34.99
• 30.00 - 32.49
• 32.50 - 34.99
• Obese class II
• 35.00 - 39.99
• 35.00 - 37.49
• 37.50 - 39.99
• Obese class III
• ≥40.00
• ≥40.00
Source: Adapted from WHO, 1995, WHO, 2000 and WHO 2004.
In an effort to reduce rates of obesity, researchers conducted follow-up research associated with
obesity, by trying to choose two forms of exercise, namely Zumba aerobic dance and high impact.
Both forms of exercise is deliberately chosen, for reasons that they can be made in the form of weight-
bearing exercise program that is homogeneous in an attempt to lose weight by exercise in the right
dose. Lately, Zumba dance workout has been highly in demand by the women and young mothers, as
it is evident from the increasing amount of participation in gym . In such case, it appears that high
moving motivation overtake fatigue and directly influence the reduction of body fat. Meanwhile, high-
impact aerobics are usually performed by a quick, long movement, with a concussion and adjusted
with the ideal proportion, it also hs the same goal to maintain of a ideal body weight. Moreover, high
impact existing in both practices was also able to maintain the strength of the joint. K. Aleisha Fetters
(2015, p, 2) states that the process of strengthening the joints as a result of the exercise was as follows;
High-impact exercise Strengthens the joints Because It trains all the muscles around that joint to
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1st Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (2017) 012193 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012193
Become functionally stronger. For example, when you hop up, you powerfully fire up a plethora of
muscles to launch you off the ground. And when you land, Reviews those muscles need to contract
eccentrically to brace for and soften that impact.
Both forms of exercise were selected in this study generally performed as well as an effort to avoid
obesity, it is in line with: "Sport creates a place to be physically active, which leads to improved
physical health. Concern over physical health is on center stage as obesity rates have Reached an all-
time high worldwide. This preventable disease is affecting people of all ages, in part because of
physical inactivity ". Furthermore, the World Health Organization reported that over 1.4 billion adults
and 40 million children (under the age of five) were obese in 2008. However, youth who engage in
sports reduce Reviews their chances of becoming obese and are more likely to Become physically
healthy adults who continue to engage in sport across the lifespan (US Anti-Doping Agency, 2012).
2. Method
The method used in this research is experimental research methods. This method is selected based on
the consideration that the researchers tried out treatment (Fraenkel, 2012) that are considered capable
of giving influence or effect on body weight and body fat percentage in adult women .Treatment used
is Zumba dance training and high-impact aerobics, to two forms of exercise this is considered capable
of significantly in the control of body fat, and can directly lose weight.
The study population of the study consists of 25 people; they are female students who follow
gymnastics SAUs and 30 female students who follow the SAU IBAF (ideal body and fitness). The
approach used in the sample selection sampling is purposive (Fraenkel, 2012). This approach is
considered as the most appropriate technique, because it was preceded by measurement of fat and
body weight. From the measurement, those who are considered overweight were the selected as the
sample. From the measurement results, the researcher found as many as 10 people from each group
i.e.the respondents who are overweight or who achieve fat content> 30.
The instrument used to determine the amount of body fat is the Body Fat Monitor (HBF 306), and
to measure BMI weight scales was used to measure the weight and height meter was used to measure
the height. The exercise programs for both sample groups were made 16 times practice during which
evaluation were added up twice as shadow test.the research design used in this study is described as
follows
Treatment group
O1
X1
O2
Treatment Group
O1
X2
O2
Figure 1. Pretest-Posttest Group Design(Fraenkel. 2012, p272)
Description
O1: pretest measurements of body weight and body fat
O2: posttest measurement of body weight and body fat
X1: Experiment (Zumba Dance)
X2: Experiment (High Impact Aerobic)
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1st Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (2017) 012193 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012193
3. Result and Dissussion
Table 2. Significance Improvement Test Results Group A and Group B Using Paired Samples Test
groups
Tes
Sig (2-tailed)
Α
Description
Group A
Zumba Dance
Fat level
0,007
0,05
significant
Group B
Aerobik High Impact
Fat level
0,00
0,05
significant
Group A
Zumba Dance
Body weight
0,010
0,05
significant
Group B
Aerobik High Impact
Body weight
0,00
0,05
significant
From the statistical calculation results shown in Table 2, it was found that there is a significant
increase in exercise Zumba dance to decrease the fat content. There is also a significant increase in
high-impact aerobics exercise to decrease fat level. It was also found that there is a significant weight
loss due to exercise Zumba dance. And there is a significant weight loss due to high impact aerobic
exercise.
Tabel 3. Significant improvement test on both groups Using Independent Sample t Test
Groups
Tes
Sig (2-tailed)
Α
description
Group A and B
Fat level
0,146
0,05
Not significant
Group A and B
Body weight
0,334
0,05
Not significant
From the results, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between these two
forms of exercise to decrease fat level and there is no significant difference between these two
forms of exercise on weight loss.
4. Conclusion
In general, this study suggested the following conclusions:
1. Zumba dance exercise has a significant influence on weight loss
2. Zumba dance exercise has a significant influence on the decrease in body fat percentage.
3. High impact Aerobic Exercise gives significant effect on weight loss.
4. High impact aerobics exercise has a significant influence on the decrease in body fat
percentage.
5. Zumba dance exercise and high impact aerobics has no significant difference on weight loss.
6. Zumba dance exercise and high impact aerobics has no significant difference to decrease
body fat percentage.
5. Closing
This study has proved that; zumba dance training and high-impact aerobics should be done
continuously more than 30 minutes without stopping, thus, it can affect on body fat burning. Swathi
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1st Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (2017) 012193 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012193
Priya, and Dr. R. Annadurai (2015, p, 1) says that; Aerobics Refers to the group exercise classes, that
are Generally high impact, high intensity set to music the which are designed to increase of the fitness
and burn fat.
Attractive movement pattern in zumba dance is able to trigger the whole body move up and helps
the process of burning fat more quickly, thus, it will directly reduce the number of various diseases.
Jill Inouye, MD, et, al (2013, p, 2) says; Standard Zumba classes use high-energy Latin and
international beats, and usually last 1 to 2 hours. As a popular form of exercise, Zumba can be a very
important part of improving health and reducing obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes and
hypertension. Similarly, the motion pattern contained in high impact aerobic with a concussion which
refers to the movement of the feet leaving the floor with the motion of hopscotch, jump, jerk, jump,
power move, split, twist, etc. can maximize fat burning in the body. This opinion was confirmed from
the results of the study at Duke University Medical Center (2012, p, 2) reported that; Aerobic exercise
was Also a more efficient method of exercise for losing body fat.
From all the research findings, weight loss and body fat percentage can not be separated from
several factors such as diet, rest and activity patterns. In this study, researchers focus on motion
activities only, not controlling the regulation of diet and rest. For the control diet and the rest is only
done through verbal information alone, by providing a list of low-calorie diet and and sufficient rest
patterns, and consulted each subsequent experiments. If the whole patterns (diet, work and rest) can be
done in a complete experiment, the loss of body fat and weight balance can be seen clearly as the
result of zumba dance training and high-impact aerobics.
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