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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF AGING OF MONTENEGRIN POPULATION

Authors:
Dragica Mijanovic at Faculty of Philosophy, Niksic
Dragica Mijanovic
  • Faculty of Philosophy, Niksic
Mileva Brajuskovic at University of Montenegro
Mileva Brajuskovic
Dusko Vujacic at University of Montenegro
Dusko Vujacic
Velibor Spalevic at University of Montenegro
Velibor Spalevic
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Abstract

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF AGING OF MONTENEGRIN POPULATION D. Mijanovica, M. Brajuskovica, D. Vujacica and V. Spalevica * a Faculty of Philosophy, Geography, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro * Corresponding author email address: velibor.spalevic@ac.me Abstract. Demographic movements in Montenegro are the result of natural and mechanical movements caused by various factors. The crucial ones were: for the natural movement downward trend in the birth rate, which started in the 70s in urban and later in rural areas. For the mechanical movement, industrialization was crucial, which from the 60's to the 80's was intense, causing mass migration from villages to the cities. Economic conditions have never been at such a level to keep the population within Montenegro, so, besides interior, external migration from Montenegro was always present to a greater or lesser extent. This led to the aging of population of Montenegro. The population is at the stage of demographic aging at the transition to deep demographic age, especially in the northern region, which is already at the stage of profound demographic age. Key words: age structure, industrialization, migration, depopulation, aging population.
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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF AGING
OF MONTENEGRIN POPULATION
D. Mijanovic a
, M. Brajuskovica, D. Vujacica and V. Spalevica *
a Faculty of Philosophy, Geography, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro
* Corresponding author email address: velibor.spalevic@ac.me
Abstract. Demographic movements in Montenegro are the result of natural and mechanical
movements caused by various factors. The crucial ones were: for the natural movement
downward trend in the birth rate, which started in the 70s in urban and later in rural areas. For
the mechanical movement, industrialization was crucial, which from the 60's to the 80's was
intense, causing mass migration from villages to the cities. Economic conditions have never
been at such a level to keep the population within Montenegro, so, besides interior, external
migration from Montenegro was always present to a greater or lesser extent. This led to the
aging of population of Montenegro. The population is at the stage of demographic aging at
the transition to deep demographic age, especially in the northern region, which is already at
the stage of profound demographic age.
Key words: age structure, industrialization, migration, depopulation, aging population.
Contribution to the Analysis of Depopulation in Rural Areas of the Balkans: Case Study of the Municipality of Niksic, Montenegro
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2020
This paper analyses demographic trends and population decline of the rural area surrounding Niksic, Montenegro, from the second half of the 20th century to the first two decades of the 21st century. After World War II, industry in Niksic began to develop strongly. A large number of state enterprises started to operate, and the consequent industrialisation and improved living conditions triggered a wave of migration from the surrounding rural areas to Niksic. The paper describes the depopulation of rural areas and the causes and consequences of migration within the Municipality of Niksic based on an analysis of population movement and density, the rural and urban populations, and the age structure of the population. Transformations of the economy after 1990 indicate that the neglect of agriculture and the destruction of agricultural land are mistakes that will prove difficult to correct. The results of our research reveal that, today, revitalisation of the countryside is only possible if non-agricultural activities are brought to the area centres and the quality of life is improved in the villages, which would reduce unemployment in the city. A solid traffic infrastructure between individual settlements and their connection with the city is also necessary. Between 2003 and 2011, the agricultural population increased by 1.2%, which gives hope because agriculture is now being recognised as significant, and a movement for changing the inherited negative perception of it is being created. This research is addressed to the state and municipal administrations of the region with the message to implement responsible and timely measures to revitalise the countryside and stop the extinction of the villages.
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