Across the globe, PK-12 world language teachers are challenged to provide second language instruction with quality opportunities for students to authentically communicate in the target language. Additionally, language specialists report it can take three to five years for students to develop basic interpersonal communication skills in a second language and as many as five to seven years for their
... [Show full abstract] cognitive academic language proficiency to develop (Cummins, 2000; Thomas & Collier, 1997).