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Variabilidad y distribución de Chroogomphus mediterraneus en las Islas Baleares y la Península Ibérica
As a result of recent extensive molecular investigations unravelling the European diversity of the genus Chroogomphus, the regional species composition became an impending question to resolve. In Hungary, this genus has previously been examined only based on morphological characteristics, from which data were known for the species Chroogomphus rutilus and Chroogomphus helveticus. Therefore, in the present study, in addition to thorough morphological examinations, we also conducted molecular genetic analyses. Our phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS region of Hungarian Chroogomphus collections verified the presence of four Chroogomphus species from the country: C. rutilus, C. mediterraneus, C. helveticus and C. subfulmineus, from mostly the naturalised range of their Pinus hosts. The ecological context of these occurrences in Hungarian Pinus plantations are evaluated based on bioclimatic, edaphic and forestry data. As additional support for species delimitation and morphological based identification, some novel morphological characters and the revision of former traits are also presented, in order to facilitate further research on the regional species composition and ecological connections of European Chroogomphus species.
In this study, eight species of Chroogomphus are recognized from Europe: C. britannicus, C. aff. liformis 1, C. fulmineus, C. cf. helveticus, C. mediterraneus, C. cf. purpurascens, C. rutilus, and C. subfulmineus. Different candidates for the application of the name C. rutilus are evaluated and the best fit to the description is selected; lecto- and epitypes are chosen to fix the name. Chroogomphus fulmineus and C. mediterraneus are also epitypified and a new species, C. subfulmineus, is described. The infrageneric classification is revised and a new subgenus Siccigomphus and three new sections, Confusi, Filiformes, and Fulminei are introduced. The former sections Chroogomphus and Floccigomphus are elevated to subgeneric level. Comparison of the ITS regions (nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of all species studied shows that there is a minimum interspecific difference of 1.5 %, with the exception of the two species belonging to sect. Fulminei which differ by a minimum of 0.9 %. Ecological specimen data indicate that species of Chroogomphus form basidiomes under members of Pinaceae, with a general preference for species of Pinus. Five European species have been recorded under Picea, while Abies and Larix have also been recorded as tree associates, although the detailed nutritional relationships of the genus, involving other suilloid fungi in particular, have yet to be fully clarified.
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