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Biological and chemical evaluation of anti-TB coumarins from the polypore mushroom, Fomitopsis officinalis
Abstract
Two naturally occurring chlorinated coumarins, 6-chloro-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-2-one (1) and ethyl 6-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-3-carboxylate (2), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the polypore mushroom, Fomitopsis officinalis. The structures of 1 and 2 were deduced spectroscopically and confirmed by chemical synthesis. In addition, analogues of the coumarins were synthesized as 7-chloro-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-2-one (3) and ethyl 7-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-3-carboxylate (4), and 1-4 were physicochemically characterized.
An extensive assessment of their antimicrobial activities indicated that 2 - 4 display specific activity against both replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as M. tuberculosis isolates with mono-resistance to rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, kanamycin, or cycloserine, with MICs from 22 to 50 µg/ml.
... Many of these medicinal fungi are known in science to contain pharmacologically active ingredients (Stamets 2002;Cuerrier 2012;Hwang et al. 2012). For example, cinder conk (I. ...
This paper describes the importance of fungi to Canadian Indigenous Peoples. Based on collaborative research with Indigenous knowledge holders and a review of literature, approximately 30-40 fungi are documented as having cultural roles for Canadian Indigenous groups. Some peoples have not eaten mushrooms traditionally, whereas others have a history of harvesting, cooking, storing and trading mushrooms as part of their diets. Perennial tree fungi have application as tinder, fire starter, and for carving masks. They also have a range of medicinal uses, some being consumed as medicinal teas, and others applied externally, in some cases by moxibustion to relieve underlying pain. Puffballs also have a range of material and medicinal applications, especially for stopping haemorrhages. Fungi are widely known for spiritual or sacred associations, and play key roles in rituals, ceremonies, stories and beliefs, which are also reflected in the names of some species. The antiquity of peoples’ relationships with fungi is likely very deep, extending back to ancient Asian or European ancestors of Pleistocene times, whose descendants on those continents have used them in similar ways. Fungi continue to play important roles for Indigenous Peoples today, with some being harvested commercially, and many still used in traditional ways.
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