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Viral pathogens and plant parasitic nematode

Authors:
  • Czech Agrifood Research Center (Crop Research Institute)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017, 16(3): 509
Editorial
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
Viral pathogens and plant parasitic nematode
population of H. avenae is highly homologous.
I genuinely believe that the reader of the Journal of Inte-
grative Agriculture will be interested in these articles and
inspired with the nding of the papers for developing future
research on the given topics. I want to express my deep
appreciation to all authors for their high-quality contributions
and efforts to this special focus.
Jiban Kumar Kundu
Guest Editor
Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health
Crop Research Institute
Prague 16106, Czech Republic
References
Chalupniková J, Kundu J K, Singh K, Bartaková P, Beoni E.
Wheat streak mosaic virus: incidence in eld crops, potential
reservoir within grass species and uptake in winter wheat
cultivars. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 523–531.
Kumari S. Morphological and molecular characterizations of
cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae Wollenweber,
1924 from the Czech Republic. Journal of Integrative
Agriculture, 16, 532–539.
Polák J, Kundu J K, Krška B, Beoni E, Komínek P, Pívalová J,
Jarošová J. Transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone
C5 (cv. HoneySweet) for protection against sharka disease.
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 516–522.
Sihelská N, Glasa M, Šubr Z W. Host preference of the major
strains of Plum pox virus
-
Opinions based on regional
and world-wide sequence data. Journal of Integrative
Agriculture, 16, 510–515.
© 2017, CAAS. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61558-7
This special focus is dedicated to three parts: i) One of the
most ubiquitous viral pathogens of stone fruit tree, Plum
pox virus (PPV); ii) a re-emerging pathogen, Wheat streak
mosaic virus (WSMV) of cereal crops in Central Europe;
and iii) a less studied plant parasitic, cyst-forming nema-
tode in cereal crops Heterodera avenae. The pathogens
described here are a serious concern for fruit growers and
producers of cereals in Europe and elsewhere in the world.
This special focus provides the most updated knowledge
of the given topics.
The rst article of PPV from Sihelská et al. (2017) had
described the host preference of three major PPV strains (M,
Rec, D) as evidenced by analysis of an extensive dataset of
PPV isolates of world-wide origin. The genetic determinants
and mechanisms of the host preference of this potyvirus
were also described. The second article of PPV from Polák
et al. (2017) had described a successful evidence of a ge-
netically engineered plum cv. HoneySweet and its long term
stability of resistance to PPV. Twelve years of eld testing
in the Czech Republic clearly demonstrated the high level of
resistance of HoneySweet both to continuous virus infection
pressure that occured through graft inoculated PPV source
and natural virus infection through aphid vectors.
Chalupniková et al. (2017) described a re-emerging
pathogen of cereal crops (mainly wheat) in Central Europe
on the other hand. In accordance with the growing number
of evidence of WSMV incidence in wheat crops, numbers of
natural grass hosts including weeds have been found to be
natural reservoirs of this virus, which may be the potential
source of WSMV infection in cereal crops.
Lastly, Kumari (2017) had described the incidence of this
plant parasitic nematode in cereal crops and shown that the
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Article
Full-text available
The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924, is a major pest of cereal crops throughout the world and causes serious yield losses, especially of wheat. Previous studies have shown that this species is widely distributed in the Czech Republic. In this study, seven populations of H. avenae were molecularly studied, and one population was morphologically described. Three regions (18S, 28S, and internal transcribed spacer 1) of ribosomal DNA were sequenced and the analysis of the 18S gene of six populations did not reveal any variation, whereas the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 28S sequences of six populations differed by only two nucleotides from a population in Žilina. Precise and quick identification of cereal cyst nematodes is important for effective control measures and ribosomal sequence analyses of seven populations in this study will be useful in future phylogenetic studies of Heterodera spp. occurring in the Czech Republic.
Article
Full-text available
Plum pox virus (PPV) causes sharka-the most serious viral disease of stone fruit trees. PPV is wide spread in Europe and Mediterranean Basin, its incidence has been further approved in Asia and both Americas. Nine PPV strains have been recognized until now (PPV-D, PPV-M, PPV-Rec, PPV-EA, PPV-C, PPV-T, PPV-W, PPV-CR, and PPV-An), forming molecularly distinct entities, however, only partially differentiable by their biological or epidemiological properties. The most strict virus-host linkages under natural conditions have been detected for strains naturally infecting cherries (PPV-C and PPV-CR). However, although less stringent but still clear host preference is observed also for three epidemiologically most important strains (PPV-D/plum/apricot, PPV-M/peach, and PPV-Rec/plum). So far no genetic marker has been mapped in the PPV genome, which responsibility for the host specificity/preference could be explicitly demonstrated. In this review, we focus on the host preference of three major PPV strains as evidenced by analysis of an extensive dataset of PPV isolates of Slovak and worldwide origin. Together, we discuss several performed relevant experiments and further possible research procedures aimed to better understand the genetic determinants and mechanisms of the host preference of this potyvirus.