ArticlePDF Available

Growth, yield and nutrient content of blackgram (Vigna mungo) as influenced by levels of phosphorus, sulphur and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria

DOI:10.3329/sja.v11i1.18370
Authors:
AH Mir
AH Mir
AH Mir
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
SB Lal
SB Lal
SB Lal
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Majid Salmani at Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch
Majid Salmani
M Abid
M Abid
M Abid
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Show all 5 authorsHide
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract and Figures

A field experiment was conducted at Allahabad Agricultural Institute- Deemed University, Allahabad to study the effect of levels of phosphorus, sulphur and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on growth, yield and nutrient content of blackgram for consecutive two years 2004 and 2005. The crop growth parameters viz., plant height, number of nodules and number of leaves per plant, yield and nutrient content increased significantly with the application of high levels of phosphorus, sulphur with or without bio-fertilizer inoculation. Application of 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 recorded maximum plant height (49.9 cm), number of leaves plant -1 (50.8), number of nodules plant -1 (27.8), haulm yield (28.9 q ha -1 ), grain yield (8 q ha -1 ) and phosphorus, sulphur and protein content of grain (0.356 %, 0.253% and 22.64%, respectively) as compared to lower levels. Application of Sulphur @ 40 kg ha -1 recorded maximum plant height (47.31 cm), number of leaves plant -1 (49.80), number of nodules plant -1 (25.58), haulm yield (28.80 q ha -1 ), grain yield (7.92 q ha -1 ) and phosphorus, sulphur and protein content (0.295 , 0.281 and 21.79%, respectively). Inoculation of blackgram seeds with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria recorded slightly higher grain yield (7.49 q ha -1 ) as compared to no inoculation (7.39 q ha -1 ). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18370 SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 1-6 (2013)
Figures - uploaded by Majid Salmani
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Majid Salmani
Content may be subject to copyright.
Content uploaded by Majid Salmani
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Majid Salmani on Nov 11, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 1-6 (2013)
GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF
BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo) AS INFLUENCED BY
LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS, SULPHUR AND
PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA
A. H. Mir1, S. B. Lal, M. Salmani, M. Abid and I. Khan
Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University,
Allahabad, 211007, India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Allahabad Agricultural Institute-
Deemed University, Allahabad to study the effect of levels of
phosphorus, sulphur and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on
growth, yield and nutrient content of blackgram for consecutive two years
2004 and 2005. The crop growth parameters viz., plant height, number of
nodules and number of leaves per plant, yield and nutrient content
increased significantly with the application of high levels of phosphorus,
sulphur with or without bio-fertilizer inoculation. Application of 60 kg P2O5
ha-1 recorded maximum plant height (49.9 cm), number of leaves plant-1
(50.8), number of nodules plant-1(27.8), haulm yield (28.9 q ha-1), grain
yield (8 q ha-1) and phosphorus, sulphur and protein content of grain
(0.356 %, 0.253% and 22.64%, respectively) as compared to lower
levels. Application of Sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 recorded maximum plant
height (47.31 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (49.80), number of nodules
plant-1 (25.58), haulm yield (28.80 q ha-1), grain yield (7.92 q ha-1) and
phosphorus, sulphur and protein content (0.295 , 0.281 and 21.79%,
respectively). Inoculation of blackgram seeds with phosphorus
solubilizing bacteria recorded slightly higher grain yield (7.49 q ha-1) as
compared to no inoculation (7.39 q ha-1).
Key words: Blackgram, phosphorus, sulphur, PSB, nutrient content
INTRODUCTION
Blackgram (Vigna mungo) is one of the important pulse crops grown
throughout India. Proper fertilization is essential to improve the productivity of
blackgram. It can meet its nitrogen requirements by symbiotic fixation of
atmospheric nitrogen. The nutrients which need attention are phosphorus and sulphur
1 Corresponding author email: aamir_sab@yahoo.com
Received: 03.06.2012
2 A. H. Mir et al.
(Thakur and Negi, 1985; Nandal, et al., 1987). Blackgram is very much responsive to
sulphur application (Aulakh, et at., 1997). Both phosphorus and sulphur can improve
the quality and quantity of the crop. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken
to find out the response of blackgram to different levels of phosphorus, sulphur and
PSB application.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments were conducted at soil science research farm of Allahabad
Agricultural Institute-Deemed University, Allahabad for two consecutive years (2004
and 2005) with blackgram. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam having
pH 7.8, organic carbon 0.31%, and the available N, P S and K 213, 23.40, 13.55 and
230.10 kg ha-1 respectively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block
design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three levels of phosphorus
(0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1), three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg ha-1) with or without
PSB inoculation. The PSB culture “microphos” containing inoculums of
Pseudomonas straita was used for inoculation blackgram @ 10 g kg-1 of seed.
Growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant and number of
nodules per plant were recorded at 20 days interval, where as yield parameters (grain
and haulm yield qha-1) were recorded at harvesting stage and averages were
calculated and statistically analysed by ANOVA technique (Fisher, 1950).
Phosphorus and sulphur content in grains was estimated by wet digestion method,
and protein content by multiplying factor 6.24 to nitrogen content.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Effect on growth and yield
Growth, yield and nutrient status parameters (plant height, number of nodule,
number of leaves per plant, grain yield, haulm yield, phosphorus content, sulphur
content and protein content) of blackgram increased significantly with higher levels
of phosphorus, sulphur and PSB inoculation during both the years (Table 1). Among
different phosphorus levels, phosphorus @ 60 kg ha-1 recorded comparatively higher
growth and yield. An increase of about 59.61, 19.71, 19.49 and 12.78% in plant
height, number of leaves, grain yield and haulm yield, respectively was observed as
compared to control. Among the sulphur levels, sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 significantly
increased the plant height (39.59%), number of leaves plant-1(15.86), grain yield q ha-
1 (13.46%) and haulm yield (10.93%) of blackgram as compared to no sulphur
application. Inoculation of seeds with PSB also showed positive response as
compared to no inoculation by producing taller plants, more number of leaves and
nodules plant-1. An increase of about 4.0, 1.77, 1.35and 1.10% in plant height,
number of leaves, grain yield and haulm yield respectively was observed with PSB
seed treatment as compared to without seed treatment .With increasing levels of
phosphorus, the response of sulphur also increased significantly. Similar results were
GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF BLACKGRAM 3
observed by Aulakh and Pasrich (1978) and Arunachalam, et al., (1995). The
significant role of sulphur in increasing the growth and yield might be attributed to its
role in chlorophyll synthesis.
Phosphorus @ 60 kg ha-1 produced significantly maximum grain and haulm
yield of 8.02, 8.06 and 8.04 q ha-1 28.90, 28.96 and 28.93 q ha-1during 2004, 2005
and pooled data respectively. Sulphur application significantly influenced the grain
and haulm yield of blackgram. Maximum grain yield during 2004, 2005 and pooled
data respectively (7.90, 7.94 and 7.92 q ha-1) and haulm yield (28.77, 28.83 and 28.80
q ha-1) was observed with the application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 as compared to
lower levels. The increase in yield might be due to vigorous growth which helped the
plants in more absorption of nutrients from the soil (Singh, et al., 1994). The results
were in line with those of Dubey, (1996) and Karwasara and Roy, (1984).
Nutrient content
Phosphorus and sulphur content in grains of blackgram increased with
increasing levels of phosphorus, sulphur and PSB application during both the years
and pooled data as shown in table 2. Application of Phosphorus @ 60 kg ha-1,
Sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 and inoculation with PSB culture recorded maximum nutrient
concentration of 0.356, 0.295 and 0.301% of phosphorus content, whereas 0.253,
0.281 and 0.247% sulphur content in grains compared to lower levels and without
inoculation. Phosphorus solubilizers increased the availability thereby improved
phosphorus and sulphur nutrition of plant and uptake of nutrient manifested in
increased concentration (Trivedi, 1996). These results are in conformity with the
findings of Raut et al. (2000).
Higher sulphur content in grains with fertilizer application might be due to
higher absorption of nutrients as the pool of available nutrients increased in the soil.
Dubey et al., 1999; Stewat and Whitfield, 1985 also reported that addition of sulphur
produced plants with high content of both nitrogen and sulphur.
Protein content improved with the increasing levels of sulphur and phosphorus.
An increase of 10.27, 1.77 and 3.53% in protein content was recorded during 2004,
2005 and pooled data respectively as shown in table 2. The maximum content of
protein was recorded at the highest levels of applied nutrients. It might be due to
enhanced absorption of nitrogen, which ultimately increased the protein content in
seeds. Favourable influence of sulphur on protein content was due to synthesis of
sulphur containing amino acids and nitrogen uptake. Similar views were also
reported by Singh et al. (1992) and Kushwaha and Srivastava (1978).
Table 1: Effect of different levels of Phosphorus, Sulphur and PSB on plant height, number of leaves, number of
nodules, grain and haulm yield of blackgram
Plant height (cm) No. of leaves plant-1 No. of nodules plant-1 Grain yield (q ha-1) Haulm yield (q ha-1)
Treatment 2004 2005 Pooled 2004 2005 Pooled 2004 2005 Pooled 2004 2005 Pooled 2004 2005 Pooled
P2O5 (kgha-1)
0 31.20 31.34 31.27 42.13 42.37 42.25 11.57 11.83 11.70 6.71 6.74 6.72 25.63 25.67 25.65
30 42.07 42.31 42.19 46.56 46.90 46.73 21.17 21.70 21.43 7.56 7.58 7.57 27.41 27.47 27.44
60 49.82 50.12 49.97 50.67 51.03 50.85 27.37 28.27 27.82 8.02 8.06 8.04 28.90 28.96 28.93
CD (P=0.05) 0.235 0.166 0.152 0.192 0.225 0.203 0.180 0.235 0.166 0.043 0.031 0.022 0.144 0.152 0.135
S (kg ha-1)
0 33.80 33.98 33.89 42.82 43.13 42.98 13.63 13.90 13.77 6.88 6.90 6.98 25.93 25.98 25.96
20 42.12 42.33 42.23 46.90 47.20 47.05 21.30 21.90 21.60 7.50 7.54 7.52 27.24 27.29 27.26
40 47.17 47.45 47.31 49.63 49.97 49.80 25.17 26.00 25.58 7.90 7.94 7.92 28.77 28.83 28.80
CD (P=0.05) 0.235 0.166 0.152 0.192 0.225 0.203 0.180 0.235 0.166 0.043 0.031 0.022 0.144 0.152 0.135
PSB
Without
PSB 40.20 40.42 40.31 46.04 46.36 46.20 19.33 19.84 19.59 7.38 7.41 7.39 27.17 27.22 27.19
With PSB 41.20 42.08 41.97 46.87 47.18 47.02 20.74 21.36 21.05 7.47 7.51 7.49 27.46 27.52 27.49
CD (P=0.05) 0.192 0.136 0.124 0.157 0.184 0.166 0.150 0.192 0.136 0.035 0.025 0.018 0.188 0.124 0.111
Table 2: Effect of Phosphorus, Sulphur and PSB on nutrient content in grains and available phosphorus in post
harvest soil
P-content in grains
(%) S-content in grains
(%) Protein content
(%) Available phosphorus in soil
(kg ha-1) Treatment
2004 2005 Pooled 2004 2005 Pooled 2004 2005 Pooled 2004 2005 Pooled
P2O5 (kg ha-1)
0 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 20.46 20.61 20.53 24.69 23.55 24.12
30 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.24 21.49 21.77 21.63 27.97 27.59 27.78
60 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.25 22.52 22.77 22.64 31.20 30.56 30.88
CD (P=0.05) 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.244 0.263 0.166 0.224 0.117 0.071
S (kg ha-1)
0 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.20 0.20 0.20 21.27 21.55 21.41 27.55 26.83 27.19
20 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.24 21.51 21.70 21.60 27.97 27.24 27.60
40 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.28 21.68 21.90 21.79 28.34 27.63 27.98
CD (P=0.05) 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.244 0.263 0.166 0.224 0.117 0.071
PSB
Without PSB 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.24 21.21 21.39 21.30 27.47 26.59 27.03
With PSB 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.24 0.24 0.24 21.77 22.04 21.90 28.44 27.88 28.16
CD (P=0.05) 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.203 0.214 0.136 0.183 0.095 0.055
6 A. H. Mir et al.
REFERENCES
Arunachalam, L., Purushothaman, S., Palniappan, S.P. and Mark Devesagayam, M. 1995.
Response of pigeon pea to phosphorus and sulphur nutrition. Madras Agricultural
Journal. 82: 266-267.
Aulakh, M. S and Pasricha, N. S.1978. Interaction effect of sulphur and phosphorus on
growth and nutrient content of moong. Plant and Soil, 47: 341-350.
Dubey, S. K .1996. Response of rock phosphate applied with Pseudomonas straita in a
typical chromustert. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 44 (2): 252-255.
Dubey, Y. P; Kalstha, B. P and Jaggi, R. C.1999. Influence of irrigation and phosphorus on
growth, green pod yield and nutrient uptake of pea (Pisum sativum) in Lahaul valley of
H.P. Indian journal of Agronomy, 44: 137-140.
Fisher, R. A.1950. Handbook of Agricultural Statistics. Achal Prakashan Mandir, pp. 332-
334.
Kushwaha, P. D and Srivastava, G. P .1978. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and inoculation
on bio-chemical composition of moong grain. Indian journal of Agricultural
Chemistry, 11: 43-49.
Karwasara, S. P. S and Roy, M .1984. Yield and sulphur uptake of green gram as affected by
sources and levels of sulphur. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture,11(4): 331-
335.
Nandal, D. P; Malik, D. S and Singh, K. P .1987. Effect of phosphorus levels on Dry matter
accumulation of kharif pulses. Legume Research, 19 (1): 31-33.
Raut, R. F; Abdul Hamid; Hadole, S. S and Jeughale, G. S .2000. Effect of irrigation and
sulphur on concentration, uptake and availability of sulphur, nitrogen andphosphorus in
mustard. Journal of Soils and Crops, 10: 145-148.
Singh Pushpundra; Verma, B. S and Sahu, M. P .1994. Effect of levels and sources of
phosphorus and bio-regulators on ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Indian journal of
Agronomy, 39 (1): 66-70.
Stewat, B. A and Whitfield, C. J .1985. Effect of crop residues, soil temperature and sulphur
on growth of winter wheat. Soil Science Society of American Proceedings, 29: 752-
755.
Surendra, Singh; Singh, A. P and Singh, B .1992. Direct and residual effect of pyrites on
yield, protein content and sulphur uptake by blackgram and lentil. Journal of Indian
Society of Soil Science, 40 (3): 584-585.
Thakur, R. C and Negi, S .1985. Effect of fertilizers and rhizobium inoculation in blackgram.
Indian journal of Agronomy, 30 (4): 501-504.
Trivedi, S. K .1996. Response of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) to nitrogen, phosphorus and
sulphur. Legume Research, 19: 7-9
Trivedi, S. K and Sharma .1997. Response of soybean to nitrogen and sulphur fertilization
and fate of mustard grown on residual nutrients. Crop Research, 13 (1): 81-85
... These results are in compliance with Ali et al. (2009) [3] , [17] , Meena et al. (2014) [19] , Chaudhary and Chaudhari (2017) [7] , Godara et al. (2018) [10] and Nair et al. (2021) [21] . [18] in black gram. Crude fiber content in seed of fenugreek was found non-significant under different treatment of biofertilizer. ...
... The observed differences between the control (no application of biofertilizer) and treatments of biofertilizer application on content and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by plant could be attributed to the availability of nitrogen improved by Rhizobium and phosphorus availability improved by PSB. These results are in concurrence with the findings of [17] Mir et al. (2013) [18] , Mahala et al. (2015) [20] and Singh et al. (2017) [25] . ...
... The observed differences between the control (no application of biofertilizer) and treatments of biofertilizer application on content and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by plant could be attributed to the availability of nitrogen improved by Rhizobium and phosphorus availability improved by PSB. These results are in concurrence with the findings of [17] Mir et al. (2013) [18] , Mahala et al. (2015) [20] and Singh et al. (2017) [25] . ...
Enhancement of yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) through fertilizer level and bio NP
Research
  • Mar 2022
A field experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat to assess the effect of Varying fertilizer levels and biofertilizer on yield and quality of fenugreek during rabi season of year 2020-2021. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Treatment combinations includes three fertilizer levels viz., 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF (20 kg N/ha & 40 kg P2O5/ha) and four levels of biofertilizer viz., Control, Seed treatment with Bio NP, Drenching of Bio NP, Seed treatment with Bio NP + Drenching of Bio NP at 30 DAS. The results revealed that application of 100% RDF recorded significantly highest green biomass yield at 30 DAS (1057 kg/ha), number of pods/plant (30.04), pod length (12.16 cm), number of seeds/pod (16.79), seed yield (2259 kg/ha), straw yield (3198 kg/ha) test weight(14.42 g), crude protein content of seed (22.36%), nitrogen content (3.58% and 1.21%) and uptake (80.86 kg/ha and 38.96 kg/ha) in seed and straw, phosphorus content (0.395 and 0.134%) and uptake (8.94 and 4.31 kg/ha) in seed and straw. Among different biofertilizer levels application of Bio NP as seed treatment at the time of sowing followed by drenching of Bio NP at 30 DAS registered significantly higher green biomass yield (925 kg/ha), number of pods/plant (28.31), seed yield (2071 kg/ha), straw yield (2923 kg/ha), pod length (12.16 cm), number of seeds/pod (16.79) test weight(14.10 g), crude protein content of seed (21.93%), nitrogen content (3.51% and 1.19%) and uptake (73.30 and 35.21 kg/ha) by seed and straw and phosphorus content (0.388 and 0.132%) and uptake (8.10 and 3.89 kg/ha) by seed and straw.
View
... The magnitude of increase in total uptake of N, P, K and S were to the extent of 16.7, 10.1, 13.2, 9.2 per cent over application of 20 kg sulphur ha -1 and 34.6, 24.7, 40.3, 25.3 per cent, over control, respectively. This was closely followed by the application of 60 kg sulphur ha -1 which increased total uptake of N, P, K and S by 22. 3 general seems to be due to greater availability of nutrient from the soil and later on their higher extraction by roots and translocation to plant parts. It is generally believed that in the plant system extracted nutrients are used for maintain their critical concentration which can be used for growth of developing structures.Thus higher concentration of nutrients under sulphur fertilization suggests adequate supply of nutrients. ...
... Which is due to the fact that nutrient uptake, is the function of yield and nutrient content. The result so obtained corroborate with the finding of Singh and Singh (2013) and Mir et al. (2013). ...
Ef fect of Sul phur and Biofertilizers on Nu tri ent Con tent and Up take in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
Experiment Findings
Full-text available
  • Sep 2023
A field experiment was conducted at instructional farm, Rajasthan college of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) during the kharif season 2022 to study the effect of sulphur and bio-fertilizers on nutrient content and uptake in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Application of 60 kg sulphur ha-1 was found at par with application of 40 kg sulphur ha-1 and both these levels significantly increased N, K and S content in seed and haulm thereby uptake of N, P, K and S by seed, haulm and total over application of 20 kg sulphur ha-1 and control. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB + KMB at par with Rhizobium + PSB both significantly increased N, P, K and S content and uptake by seed and haulm thus total over inoculation with Rhizobium alone.
View
... According to Mir et al. [38], Micro-nutrients play a vital role in increasing the productivity and nutritional quality of fodder crops. These also help to overcome several abiotic stresses such as high temperatures and drought. ...
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on Fodder Yield and Quality of Leguminous Fodder: Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2023
The contribution of the livestock sector to the Indian Economy is 4.11% of its total GDP and it is nearly 25.6% for total agricultural GDP. Small and marginal farmers are mainly attached to the mixed farming of field crops and dairy animals. Farmers get regular income from their dairy unit and also use dairy animals as economic security. Though India comes under the highest livestock populated countries, the production of milk is lower than expected because of improper feeding quality. Through the last two decades, the demand and price of milk both increase gradually, and farmers are not getting that much profit because of their dependency on ready cattle food. The gross profit after the selling of milk is nearly equal to the feeding expenditure. For the use of paddy straw as dry fodder, the quality and quantity of milk production are decreased. So, green fodder is the best option for livestock as it contains adequate nutrients as well as crude fibre. Among the fodder and forage crops, berseem is the second maximum cultivated fodder crop which possesses a 2 million ha area of fodder crops in India. There are several advantages of berseem as a fodder crop such as a short-duration crop, multi-cut nature, the capability of higher biomass production, the presence of a good amount of crude protein, cellulose, total digestible nutrients and succulent nature. Though Phosphorus and zinc play an antagonistic effect on each other, both are required for the growth and development of berseem crops. From cellular respiration to enzymatic reactions, phosphorus is essential for completing several metabolic activities. Zinc is related to yield and fodder quality by completing plant metabolisms like carbohydrates and auxin production. Adequate management practice is required to maintain the concentration of both nutrients at an optimum level. In Indian soil, zinc is deficient and phosphorus is mostly present in organic form. So, the use of biofertilizers will be effective to convert those complex nutrients form into simple and available for the plant.
View
... The two-order interaction effects between the inorganic fertilizer level and bio-formulations (F × B) were found to be significant in respect of groundnut pod, haulm and kernel yield in the third year of experiment, implying possible combined effect of both inorganic-and bio-fertilizer on groundnut yield. Enhanced nutrient uptake and their efficient utilization under adequate fertilization has favoured superior growth responses and yield-determining factors (Mir et al. 2013). Better translocation and accumulation of photosynthesis have boosted plant height, no. of branches, dry matter accumulation, LAI, CGR, no. of pods and hundred kernel weight, resulting higher pod, haulm and kernel yield. ...
Bio-formulation in combination with inorganic fertilizer improves crop growth, productivity and economics of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Red and Laterite soils
Article
Indiscriminate application of inorganic chemicals has resulted in soil health deterioration and decline in crop produce in nutrient poor Alfisols of India. We conducted an experiment to find out the influence of different level of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulations on nutrient uptake, crop growth and productivity of kharif groundnut in the Red and Laterite soils during 2018, 2019 and 2020. It was hypothesized that judicious application of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulation would result in better nutrient uptake, improving nut yield and net income. We found that higher dose of inorganic fertilizer along with liquid bio-formulations yielded better results in terms of nutrient uptake, crop growth, yield and quality in groundnut. An increase of 43.2% and 57.5% in haulm and kernel N uptake; 67.6 and 98.1% in haulm and kernel P uptake; 47.4% and 57.6% in haulm and kernel K uptake was recorded, respectively, when 100% recommended dose of NPK (F 4) was coupled with liquid NPK bio-formulation + Zn-solubilizing bacteria (B 2) over control and was most economical (higher B:C ratio, 2.73). Groundnut being an exhaustive crop, responded well to higher levels of inorganic fertilizer and bio-formulations.
View
... It may be caused by the establishment of new cells, which encourage plant vigour and speed up leaf development, which aids in the collecting of more solar energy and the better utilisation of nitrogen, which aids in greater growth qualities. A comparable outcome was noted by Mir et al. [10]. Significant and higher number of nodules/plant was recorded When Rhizobium is used, the maximum number of nodules/plant is more likely to occur, which may be related to the more intense competition for microorganisms near roots, the site of microbial infection, and a well-developed root system. ...
Article no.IJPSS.99941 Original Research Article Harika et al
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2023
The field study took place in kharif 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). to determine the "Effect of Phosphorus and Bio-fertilizer on growth and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L)." The results revealed that treatment-9 [Phosphorus-50 kg/ha + Rhizobium +PSB] significantly increased plant height (45.69 cm), number of nodules/ plant (38.15), plant dry weight (6.64 g), Crop growth rate (2.99 g/m 2 /day), number of pods/plant (40.8), maximum number of seeds/pod(6.23), test weight (34.75 gm), seed yield (1371 kg/ha), stover yield (2980 kg/ha), gross return (INR 89,290.00/ha), and net return (INR 60,797.00/ha). also, the maximum B:C ratio (2.13) was taken captive in treatment-9[ phosphorous 50 kg/ha + Rhizobium + PSB] in comparison to different treatments.
View
... It may be caused by the establishment of new cells, which encourage plant vigour and speed up leaf development, which aids in the collecting of more solar energy and the better utilisation of nitrogen, which aids in greater growth qualities. A comparable outcome was noted by Mir et al. [10]. Significant and higher number of nodules/plant was recorded When Rhizobium is used, the maximum number of nodules/plant is more likely to occur, which may be related to the more intense competition for microorganisms near roots, the site of microbial infection, and a well-developed root system. ...
Influence of Phosphorus and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)
Article
  • May 2023
The field study took place in kharif 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). to determine the “Effect of Phosphorus and Bio -fertilizer on growth and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L).” The results revealed that treatment -9 [Phosphorus -50 kg/ha + Rhizobium +PSB] significantly increased plant height (45.69 cm), number of nodules/ plant (38.15), plant dry weight (6.64 g), Crop growth rate (2.99 g/m2/day), number of pods/plant (40.8), maximum number of seeds/pod(6.23), test weight (34.75 gm), seed yield (1371 kg/ha), stover yield (2980 kg/ha), gross return (INR 89,290.00/ha), and net return (INR 60,797.00/ha). also, the maximum B:C ratio (2.13) was taken captive in treatment-9[ phosphorous 50 kg/ha + Rhizobium + PSB] in comparison to different treatments.
View
... "Molybdenum is one of the most recognized nutrient elements considered essential for plant growth and planning an important role in the structural interring of cell walls and cell membranes and synthesis of protein as well as nitrogen fixation. Legume also contributes to the symbiotic fixation of nitrogen" [7][8][9]. "Nitrogenase, an enzyme that fixes nitrogen, is a molybdenum compound. This element is necessary for nitrogen fixing to take place. ...
Effect of Molybdenum and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Summer Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2023
A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) to study treatments consisting of three levels of Molybdenum viz. Mo 1 kg, 1.5 kg and 2 kg/ha and three levels of Sulphur viz. 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.28 %), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha) and available K (92 kg/ha). Ten treatments were replicated thrice and laid out in Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that treatment nine (Molybdenum2kg/ha+ Sulphur 30kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (42.54 cm), number of branches/plants (6.93), number of leaves/plants (15.00), plant dry weight (5.27 g), number of nodules/plants (20.60), number of pods/plant (27.6), number of seeds/pod (9.53), seed yield (1.25 t/ha), stover yield (2.87), harvest index (30.3%), gross returns (87500.00), net returns (47281.52)and B:C ratio (1.18) as compared to other treatments.
View
... However, all the treatment was statistically at par (pooled data), except during 2018, where T 7 , T 6 and T 4 was statistically different from other treatments. Higher groundnut pod yield in plots receiving higher dose of fertilizer was possibly due to superior growth responses and yield-determining factors (Mir et al. 2014). While, interactions between mineral P fertilizer and PSB inoculant reported higher yield, sole use of microbial culture or with FYM did not improve yield of peanut (Argaw 2016). ...
Response of groundnut to phosphorus and bio- organics in Alfisols of Red and Laterite zone of India
Article
Present study was carried out for three consecutive kharif season of 2018, 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the performance of different levels of chemical phosphatic fertilizers and FYM in combination with PSB inoculant on groundnut growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake in an acidic Red and Laterite soil. Application of higher dose of phosphatic fertilizer along with PSB inoculant yielded better results with respect to groundnut plant height, nodulation, pegs and pods plant À1 , weight of mature pods plant À1 , kernel and haulm yield, protein and oil content, and nutrient uptake. Treatment combination T7 (60 kg ha À1 of P2O5 + PSB inoculant) was observed as the best treatment combination for deriving maximum growth, yield and nutrients uptake of kharif groundnut crop. Treatment T6 (application of 40 kg ha À1 of P2O5 + PSB inoculant) reported similar results. However, maximum profit ($862), benefit cost ratio (2.7) and net return per unit cost of input was significantly higher in T7 compared to T6. Thus, we recommend application of 60 kg ha À1 of P2O5 with PSB inoculant (T7) for the light textured acid soils of Red and Laterite zone of India for higher production and profitability.
View
... The plant height and number of branches plant -1 could be more because of the established role that sulphur plays in promoting cell division, the process of photosynthesis, and the creation of chlorophyll. Similar findings were reported by Mir et al., [8] and Sivakumar et al., [9]. It also encourages the development of the plant root nodules, which make more sulphur available during the vegetative growth cycle. ...
Effect of Soil Application and Foliar Spray of Sulphur Nutrition on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Article
  • Aug 2022
Aim: To study the effect of soil application and foliar spray of sulphur nutrient application in growth and development of black gram cultivation. Study Design: The Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) was used. The treatments of soil application of sulphur viz., No basal, Gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1, SOB @ 2 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray viz., No spray, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1on 30 DAS, K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS were used. Place and Duration of Study: This research trail was conducted during the Winter season (February – May) of 2022 at ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirugamani, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology: The study consisted of 12 combination of treatments in FRBD which was replicated thrice. The black gram (Var. Vamban 8) was used for this study. The observations were recorded during the different phases of growth at regular intervals. Results: The experimental results revealed that the interaction effect of application of gypsum as basal along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 found to be superior and recorded significantly higher growth, yield and quality parameters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation, SPAD value at 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS number of pods plant-1, number of seed pod-1, pod length, pod weight and sulphur content in seed. Gypsum as basal application along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 proved to be the best and increased the grain yield of 30% over the no basal application and no foliar spray. Thus application of gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray of pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS could be recommended for improving the productivity of black gram.
View
... This may be due to increase in plant height may due to stimulation of biological activities in the presence of balanced supply of phosphorus. Similar results on the increased plant height with increased levels of phosphorus application have been reported by "Phosphorus encourage formation of new cells, promote plant vigour and hastens leaf development, which help in harvesting more solar energy and better utilization of nitrogen, which help towards higher growth attributes" Mir et al. [14]. Increase in plant height might be the involvement of boron in different physiological processes like enzyme activation, electron transport, chlorophyll formation, stomatal regulation, etc. ...
Effect of Phosphorous and Boron Levels on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Article
  • Jun 2022
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (2021) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly natural in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.28%), available Nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available Phosphorous (19.50 kg/ha) and available potassium (213.7 kg/ha). The Treatments consisted of 3 levels of Phosphorous (Phosphorous -30 kg/ha), (Phosphorous -45 kg/ha) (Phosphorous -60 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Boron (Boron -1 kg/ha), (Boron -1.5 kg/ha) and (Boron - 2 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments and replicated thrice. The results reported that significantly maximum plant height (53.50 cm), dry weight (8.26 g/plant) and a greater number of nodules (7.80) were found higher with application of treatment 60 kg/ha phosphorous + 2 kg/ha Boron. No. pods/plant (103.70), seeds/pod (2.00), test weight (24.38 g), grain yield (1837.72 kg/ha) and Stover yield (2906.16 kg/ha) were recorded in (treatment-9) that is with 60 kg/ha phosphorous + 2 kg/ha Boron.
View
Interaction effect of sulphur and phosphorus on growth and nutrient content of moong (Phaseolus aureus L.)
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 1977
Sulphur-phosphorus interaction has been studied in a greenhouse experiment on a soil, deficient both in S and P with moong (Phaseolus aureus) as the test crop. The treatments were in the factorial combination of five levels of S and P (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 ppm) applied as CaSO4. 2H2O and Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O respectively. A uniform treatment of N and K was made. The yield of vegetative tissues and grains increased with the application of S and P individually but decreased when S and P were applied in different combinations. Sulphur application increased S content but decreased P content in straw as well as in grains. Total P content increased with applied P and decreased with S application. Applied sulphur increased and phosphorus decreased the protein content in moong grains. Changes in N:S ratio in interaction was found to exist between S and P on the yield, grain quality, concentration and total removal of sulphur and phosphorus by Moong crop The antagonistic effect of sulphur and phosphorus fertilizer on the uptake and utilization of each other was more conspicuous when they were applied together. re]19760106
View
View
Influence of irrigation and phosphorus on growth, green pod yield and nutrient uptake of pea (Pisum sativum) in Lahaul Valley of Himachal Pradesh
Article
  • Mar 1999
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation and phosphorus levels on pea (Pisum sativum L s.l.) at Kukumseri in Lahaul Valley of Himachal Pradesh, during summer of 1993 and 1994. The individual as well as cumulative response of irrigation and P was found significant. Phosphorus @ 80, 40 and 0 kg P2O5/ha in different irrigation and P level combinations gave maximum green-pod yields at 4, 8 and 12 days interval of irrigation respectively.
View
View
View
Yield and sulphur uptake of green gram as affected by sources and levels of sulphur
  • Jan 1984
  • 331-335
  • S P Karwasara
  • M Roy
Karwasara, S. P. S and Roy, M.1984. Yield and sulphur uptake of green gram as affected by sources and levels of sulphur. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture,11(4): 331-335.
Effect of crop residues, soil temperature and sulphur on growth of winter wheat
  • Jan 1985
  • 752-755
  • B Stewat
  • C J Whitfield
Stewat, B. A and Whitfield, C. J.1985. Effect of crop residues, soil temperature and sulphur on growth of winter wheat. Soil Science Society of American Proceedings, 29: 752-755.
Effect of phosphorus levels on Dry matter accumulation of kharif pulses
  • Jan 1987
  • 31-33
  • D Malik
  • K P Singh
Malik, D. S and Singh, K. P.1987. Effect of phosphorus levels on Dry matter accumulation of kharif pulses. Legume Research, 19 (1): 31-33.
Direct and residual effect of pyrites on yield, protein content and sulphur uptake by blackgram and lentil
  • Jan 1992
  • 584-585
  • Surendra
  • Singh
  • A P Singh
  • B Singh
Surendra, Singh; Singh, A. P and Singh, B.1992. Direct and residual effect of pyrites on yield, protein content and sulphur uptake by blackgram and lentil. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 40 (3): 584-585.
Response of soybean to nitrogen and sulphur fertilization and fate of mustard grown on residual nutrients
  • Jan 1997
  • 81-85
  • S Trivedi
  • Sharma
Trivedi, S. K and Sharma.1997. Response of soybean to nitrogen and sulphur fertilization and fate of mustard grown on residual nutrients. Crop Research, 13 (1): 81-85