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Nr.131 8 March 2017
Research Article
http://zoobank.org/References/2CD27E77-4893-4B5A-8E9A-3E5C73367AF5
First larval food-plant of Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana
(Zeller), with some faunistical and nomenclatural notes
(Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae)
Muhabbet Kemal 1 Ahmet Ömer Koçak
Abstract: First larval food-plant of Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zeller), with some faunistical
and nomenclatural notes (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae). Cesa News 131: 1-6, 13 figs.
In this paper, larval food-plant of Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana Zeller is reported for the first time.
Faunistical evaluation of the species is made. Specific identity of the material is discussed. Pupa,
larval food-plant, and male genitalia are illustrated for the first time. The tribal names, Exelastini
Gielis and Marasmarchini Tutt are discussed nomenclaturally.
Key words: Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae, Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana, larval food-plant, adult,
pupa, fauna, Turkey, Siirt, Bitlis, male genitalia, tribal name, nomenclature.
This paper is about the larval food-plant of the pterophorid species, Marasmarcha
ehrenbergiana (Zell.). Besides, the faunistical records of the species are evaluated. The specific
identity is discussed. The tribal names, Exelastini Gielis and Marasmarchini Tutt are compared
and discussed nomenclaturally.
During the field studies around the Süphan Volcano (Bitlis Province), carried out by the
authors in 2015, within the research Project2, the first author collected a lot of pupae of both sexes
and observed adults by day on the leaves of food-plant of Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zeller),
i.e., Cicer anatolicum (Fabaceae) – an Iranian-Turanian element,3 on 4 July 2015. No caterpillar
was seen, and all the collected pupae were hatched in the laboratory in the next days without
parasite (Figs. 1-9).
1 Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhabbet Kemal, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Biology, Campus, Van / Turkey.
e-mail: muhabbet_kemal@yahoo.com.tr - http://zoobank.org/?lsid=urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:671DD110-BDF1-49C8-964D-2A9251BE7824
co-author: Prof. em. Dr. Ahmet Ömer Koçak, c/o Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Biology, Campus, Van / Turkey.
e-mail: cesa_tr@yahoo.com.tr - http://zoobank.org/?lsid=urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4755104C-24B4-4E00-8831-5F5E08B9E831
2 This paper is a part of the Project, numbered 2014-FEN-B165, entitled “On the diurnal Lepidoptera fauna of Süphan Mountain”,
supported by Yüzüncü Yıl University, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Başkanlığı, Van, Turkey.
3 The identity of Cicer anatolicum (Fabaceae) was confirmed by the botanist, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fevzi Özgökçe (Van, Turkey).
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Fig. 1 – Cicer anatolicum (Fabaceae), food-plant of Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zell.). Bitlis Province,
Adilcevaz, Harmantepe 2290m. M. Kemal (Cesa).
Figs. 2, 3 – Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zell.), male at rest on Cicer anatolicum, larval food-plant. Bitlis
Province, Adilcevaz, Harmantepe 2290m, 4 7 2015. M. Kemal (Cesa).
Figs. 4, 5 – Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zell.), in copula on Cicer anatolicum (left), female at rest on
larval food-plant. Bitlis Province, Adilcevaz, Harmantepe 2290m, 4 7 2015. M. Kemal (Cesa).
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Figs. 6, 7 – Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zell.), pupae of female on Cicer anatolicum leaf; from dorso-
lateral (left), and lateral side (right). Bitlis Province, Adilcevaz, Harmantepe 2290m, 4 7 2015. M. Kemal
(Cesa).
Figs. 8, 9 – Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zell.), pupae of the male on Cicer anatolicum leaf; from dorso-
lateral (left), and lateral side (right). Bitlis Province, Adilcevaz, Harmantepe 2290m, 4 7 2015. M. Kemal
(Cesa).
Material studied: 20♂♀. Bitlis Province, Adilcevaz, Harmantepe 2290m (13Af) (southern
slopes of Süphan Volcano), 4-8 7 2015, M. Kemal & A.Koçak leg.; 1♂. Siirt Province, Şirvan Maden
Pass 1360m (56Fm), 3 7 2013, M.Kemal & A.Koçak leg. (Cesa). The male genitalia of the latter
shows some discrepancies from that of the former. However, they are considered here conspecific
for the time being.
Remarks: Firstly, Cicer anatolicum is the first host-plant record, not only for
Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zell.), but also for the genus Marasmarcha Meyr. Secondly, the
pupation of M ehrenbergiana occurred openly on the upper surface of the leaves. It is interesting
that no parasite attack has been observed in the nature. Thirdly, Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana
(Zell.) was previously known in Turkey from the following provinces: Ankara, Konya,
Kahramanmaraş and Mardin. The present records of this species are therefore new to the
provinces Bitlis and Siirt (Koçak & Kemal, 2009).
On the identity of the adult
(Fig. 10)
Unfortunately, any male genitalia image of ehrenbergiana in the literature was accessible
for us. However, the comparison of the male genitalia between aibasovi and ehrenbergiana,
published by Ustjuzhanin (2001) helped in our decision. Ustjuzhanin stated “… differs in the valva
apex; in the new species [aibasovi] it is rounded, without projections, while in M. ehrenbergiana
projections are present; besides, in the new species the uncus has a triangular apex while in M.
ehrenbergiana the apex is skewed… There are also differences in aedeagus structure: in M.
ehrenbergiana it is relatively straight while in the new species it is curved.” Taking Ustjuzhanin’s
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comparison into consideration (see above), we came subjectively to the conclusion that the male
genitalia of our Marasmarcha belongs to the species ehrenbergiana Zell.
Fig. 10 – Male genitalia of Marasmarcha ehrenbergiana (Zell.) GP2607. Bitlis Province, Adilcevaz,
Harmantepe. M. Kemal (Cesa)
On the nomenclature of the tribal name of Marasmarcha Meyr.
(Figs. 11-13)
Gielis (2000) simply classified the genera under several bare tribal names. Among them,
the following genera Marasmarcha, Exelastis, Cordivalva, Hepalastis, Antarches, Fuscoptilia,
Arcoptilia were listed under the name “Exelastini”. There was no evidence that the name
“Exelastini” was proposed by Gielis as a new tribe (Fig. 11). Therefore, the nomenclatural status of
this name should be “unavailable”, without description and type-genus selection.
Fig. 11 – Original status of the name “Exelastini” (Gielis, 2000, Quadrifina 3: 59).
But yet, several authors, for reasons not understood, used the name “Exelastini” in their
publications in the taxonomical sense of a name of a supra-generic category. One of the examples is
given in the following image (Fig. 12)
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Fig. 12 – Current status of the name “Exelastini” (Gielis, 2006, Zool. Meded. 80: 191).
Whereas, Tutt (1906) published several subfamilies, Platyptiliinae, Eucnemidophorinae,
Amblyptiliinae, Marasmarchinae, Oxyptilinae, in his monumental work. Tutt (1906: 251-253,
385-404) described in detail and proposed availably a subfamily name Marasmarchinae, 94 years
earlier than the name Exelastini by Gielis (Fig. 13).
Fig. 13 - The beginning page of the original description of Marasmarchinae and Marasmarchidi by Tutt
(1906: 385).
As the genera Exelastis Meyrick and Marasmarcha Meyrick are considered currently under
the same supra-generic category, the name Marasmarchini Tutt,1906 must be accepted as a valid
name, instead of Exelastini Gielis,2000, because of the priority rule. We propose, therefore, the
synonymy in the following way:
Pterophorinae Latreille,[1802]
Pterophorii Latreille,[1802], Lepidoptera, [in] Buffon & Sonnini, Hist. Nat. Crustacés et Insectes 3: 418. Type-
genus: Pterophorus [Schäffer,1766].
Marasmarchini Tutt, 1906 (stat.rev.)
Marasmarchinae, Marasmarchidi Tutt, 1906, A Natural history of the British Lepidoptera V: 385-404. Type-
genus: Marasmarcha Meyrick,1886.
=Exelastini Gielis, 2000, Quadrifina 3: 59. (syn.nov.)
Finally, the current usage of the name “Exelastini” is simply based upon a created
perception in scientific circles, which is a situation that can not be tolerated.
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Acknowledgement
We thank to “Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü” of the Yuzuncu Yil University, for
supporting our Project, numbered 2014-FEN-B165.
References
Gielis, C., 2000, Division of the Pterophoridae into tribes.- Quadrifina 3: 57-60.
Koçak, A. Ö. & M. Kemal, 2009, Revised Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. Priamus Suppl. 17: 1-
253.
Tutt, J.W., 1906. A Natural history of the British Lepidoptera. V. i-xiii, 1-558 pp. London & Berlin.
Ustjuzhanin, P. Ya., 2001. New species, distribution records and synonymies of plume moths from the
Palaearctic region.- Nota Lepid. 24: 11-32.
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Cesa News
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Owners / Sahipleri - Editors / Yayıncılar: Prof. em. Dr. Ahmet Ömer Koçak (c/o Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey), Asst.
Prof. Dr. Muhabbet Kemal Koçak (c/o Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey).
Editorial Board of all Scientific Serials of the CESA / Bütün Bilimsel Yayınların Yayın Kurulu: Insecta, taxonomy,
nomenclature, ecology, faunistics: Prof. Dr. Ahmet Ömer Koçak (Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Turkey), Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhabbet
Kemal Koçak (Yüzüncü Yıl University, Turkey).
Chief referees of all Scientific Serials of the CESA: Prof. em. Dr. Ahmet Ömer Koçak & Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhabbet Kemal Koçak:
Insecta, taxonomy, nomenclature, fauna, ecology, catalogues, checklists of the Old World.
Expert referees according to the subject areas: Dr. Peter Huemer (Austria): Gelechiidae, and some Microlepidoptera groups in
Palaearctic (Lepidoptera). Dr. J. B. Heppner (U.S.A.): Microlepidoptera of Nearctic and Neotropical. Dr. G. Baldizzone (Italy):
Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera). Dr. V. Korneyev (Ukraine): Tephritidae, Pyrgotidae, Ulidiidae (Diptera). Prof. Dr. Y.G.Verves
(Ukraine): Sarcophagidae (Diptera). Dr. Daniel Burckhardt (Switzerland): Psyllidae (Homoptera). Prof. Dr. E. Heiss (Austria):
Hemiptera. Dr. R. Ehrmann (Germany): Mantodea. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ünal (Bolu, Turkey): Orthoptera. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Özdikmen
(Turkey): Coleoptera. Prof. Dr. Suat Kıyak (Turkey): Hemiptera, Hymenoptera (Cynipidae).
Plant taxonomy, flora and vegetation: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Ünal, Asst. Prof. Dr. Mesut Pınar, (Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van,
Turkey).
Editorial policy: The submitted manuscript is evaluated by the Chief Editor and Referee. In case of need, the manuscript is sent to
expert referees according to the subject areas.
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Correspondences should be addressed to: Prof. em. Dr. Ahmet Ömer Koçak, c/o Yüzüncü Yıl University, Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji
Bölümü, Kampus, Van / Turkey. - e-mail: cesa_tr@yahoo.com.tr
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