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PERFORMATIVITY AND COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS: WORKING WITH MULTIPLE NARRATIVES ACROSS KNOWLEDGE TRADITIONS

Authors:
  • Deakin University and University of Melbourne

Abstract

The paper develops a performative account of the ways in which knowledge and space are co-produced as humans move, develop social networks, and extend their cognitive practices. Such an account enables alternative ways of conceiving what counts as knowledge and as modernity to be held in tension, thus allowing the emergent generative effects of the Argentinean philosopher Enrique Dussel’'s concept of ‘'transmodernity’'. Working with differing knowledge traditions requires, as Walter Mignolo recommends, thinking “ " with, against and beyond the legacy of Western epistemology.” " What is at issue is the capacity to move beyond the point of ‘'colonial difference’' explored by Mignolo in which Western knowledge gets authorised as universal and the rest get classified as ‘'people without history’'. Only then can we enable differing knowledge traditions to work together without subordinating them and absorbing their differences in the western panopticon. This is not an easy task since the Western knowledge tradition in the form of science is hegemonic, and all other traditions are rendered as incommensurable, but to commensurate them is by definition to subordinate them and rob them of their cultural specificity. Equally, simply seeing them as different interpretations or different world views is too weak in the struggle for authority. To flourish, to have autonomy in the face of hegemony, indigenous knowledge traditions have to have an effective voice and construct their own identities. What is offered in this paper is a performative framework which is strong enough to destabilise the hegemony of western epistemology and generative enough to allow for real difference and the growth of cultural diversity.
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PERFORMATIVITY AND COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS:
WORKING WITH MULTIPLE NARRATIVES ACROSS
KNOWLEDGE TRADITIONS
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DAVID TURNBULL
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ABSTRACT. "BC':D:CE'FCGC10:H'D':CEI0EJDKLGC'DMM0NOK'0I'KBC'PDQH'LO'PBLMB'
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Keywords: Performativity/performative, complex adaptive systems/complexity
theory, practices, multiple ontologies, ways of knowing, emergence
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UCM0JLOS'DOF'RO0PLOSa'LK'LH':CEI0EJDKLGC'DHHCJU1DSC'DOF'J0GCJCOK)'&'GLCP'KBDK'
LH'M0OH0ODOK'PLKB'KBC' ECMCOK1Q' CJCESCOK'HMB001'0I'UL0HCJL0KLMH'KBDK' HCCH'1LIC'DH'D'
:E0MCHH'0I'RO0PLOS'MENMLD11Q'FC:COFCOK'0O'DO'LOKCEDMKLGC':E0MCHH'0I'JCDOLOS<JDRLOS)'
\0E'$0OD1F'\DGDECDN'KBC' NOLGCEHC'LH'D':CEI0EJDKLGC'CIICMK' 0I' ECDFLOS'HLSOH.'HLSOH'0I'
KBC' DMKL0OH' 0I' 0KBCEH' 4HKLSJCESQ8g' X0NE' GCEQ' UL010SLMD1' P0E1F' LKHC1I' k' M0JCH' LOK0'
UCLOS'O0K'DH'D'Z:EC<SLGCO['LO'KBC'INEOLKNEC'0I'KBC'NOLGCEHC.'UNK'DH'D'10MD11Q' 0ESDOLdCF.'
JDHHLGC1Q' M0<M0OHKENMKCF.' :DEKLML:DOK<IDHBL0OCF' accomplishment LO' KBDK' NOLGCEHC'
LOHKCDFW)^;'
90OC' 0I' KBLH' LH' K0' M1DLJ' KBDK' KBC' :BQHLMLHKH' DEC' PE0OS' DOF' KBC' UL010SLHKH''
DEC' ELSBK.' KENKB' DOF' ID1HLKQ' MDO' O0' 10OSCE'UC'HLJ:1Q'D::1LCF'LO'KBC'HKDOFDEF'
EC:ECHCOKDKL0OD1LHK'HCOHC'0I'M0EECH:0OFCOMC'PLKB'ECD1LKQ)'>DKBCE'EC:ECHCOKDKL0OD1LHJ'
PBCKBCE'UC'LK'CJ:LELMLHK.'ECD1LHK'0E'EDKL0OD1LHK.'OCCFH'K0'UC'HCCO'DH'LKHC1I'D':CEI0EJDOMC'
0I'PBDK'&OFQ'*LMRCELOS'MD11H'XJ0FCEO'0OK010SQW.'DH'D'PDQ'0I'RO0PLOS)26'!LOMC.'DH'
\0NMDN1K' DESNCF.' CDMB' C:LHKCJC' MDEELCH' PLKB'LK'LKH'0PO'ECSLJC'0I'KENKB.'KBC'0O1Q'
GLDU1C'0:KL0O'LH'K0'HCK'FLIICELOS'C:LHKCJCH'0E'PDQH'0I'RO0PLOS'LO'KCOHL0O'PLKB'0OC'
DO0KBCE' CODU1LOS' KBCJ' K0' SCOCEDKC' OCP' :0HHLUL1LKLCH' 0I' LOHLSBK.' KENKB' DOF' MELKLMD1'
CGD1NDKL0O'KBE0NSB'UCLOS':CEI0EJCF'K0SCKBCE)''
%K'LH':CEI0EJDKLGLKQ'KBDK'UELOSH'K0SCKBCE'KBC'UL010SLMD1.'KBC'C:LHKCJ010SLMD1'
DOF'KBC'0OK010SLMD1)'>DKBCE'KBDO' SCK'LOK0'FCKDL1CF'C1DU0EDKL0O'0I'M0J:1CT'DFD:KLGC'
HQHKCJH'DOF'KBCLE'DOD10SLCH'PLKB'PDQH'0I'RO0PLOS.'KBCLE':CEI0EJDKLGC'M0JJ0OD1LKLCH'
DEC'HCK'0NK'BCEC'LO':0LOK'I0EJ)'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
^b'ADKNEDOD'DOF'/DEC1D'47;b38.':)'5ba'@D:ED'4566=8.':)'=5)'
^;'\DGDECDN'4566b8)'!KLSJCESQ'DH'HLSOH'0I'KBC'DMKL0OH'0I'0KBCEH'LH'FCGC10:CF'UQ'"BCEDN1Dd'DOF'(0ODUCDN'
47;;;8a'ADEHB'DOF'-O0I'4566b8a'!NHL'DOF'qLCJRC'456678)'
26'*LMRCELOS'456768)'
$&/%$'"#>9(#,,'
'
'
'
56'
Table I. Characterisation of complex adaptive systems including their
functional and ontological dimensions
'
"BC'0GCED11'MD:DMLKQ' 0I'HNMB'HQHKCJH' LH'I0E'&HHCJU1DSC.'@0OOCMKL0O'DOF'A0GCJCOK'
PLKB'KBCLE'0PO':CEI0EJDKLGC'FQODJLM.'UNK'PLKB0NK'DOQ'FLECMKL0OD1LKQ)'"BC'I0110PLOS'DOD1QKLM'
FLGLHL0OH' DEC' 0I' OCMCHHLKQ' H0JCPBDK' DEULKEDEQ' HLOMC' D11' M0J:0OCOKH' 0I' HNMB' HQHKCJH' DEC'
LOKCEDMKLGC'DOF'LOKCEFC:COFCOK':E0MCHHCH.'UNK'K0SCKBCE'KBCQ'M0OHKLKNKC'KBC'CHHCOKLD1'M0J:0OCOKH)'
'
'
COMPLEXITY
7)' Multiplicityg' KBCEC' LH' U0KB' GDELDUL1LKQ' DOF' FLGCEHLKQ.' PLKBLO' DOF' 0I' HQHKCJH' DK'
CGCEQ'1CGC1'D110PLOS'I0E'JDHHLGC'ECFNOFDOMQ.':1DHKLMLKQ.'DOF'D1KCEODKLGC':0HHLU1C':DKBH)'
5)'Spatialityg'KBCEC'LH'DO'LOBCECOK'K0:010SQ.'PBCEC'10MD1LKQ'JDKKCEH.'KBCEC'DEC'HMD1C'
LOFC:COFCOK'1CGC1H'DOF'DNK0O0J0NH' J0FN1CH' PB0HC' H:DKLD1'EC1DKL0OH'DOF'LOKCEDMKL0OH.'M0<
:E0FNMC'INEKBCE'OLMBCH'DOF'H:DMCH)'
'
'
ADAPTIVITY
=)'Processualityg'"BC'UDHLM'0OK010SQ' LH' 0OC'0I':E0MCHHCH'LO'M0OKLON0NH'HKDKCH' 0I'
UCM0JLOS.'DMKL0O'DOF'LOKCEDMKL0O.'0I'UCLOS'HC1CMKCF'DOF'ECLOI0EMCF'DH'HKENMKNECH'DOF'COKLKLCH.'
0E'DUDOF0OCF'DH'IDL1NECHk'ODKNED1'CT:CELJCOKH'LO'DMKL0O)'
^)'Temporalityg'KBC':E0MCHHCH' DEC' UL010SLMD1'DOF'BLHK0ELMD1.':E0I0NOF1Q'LOI1CMKCF'
UQ' KBC' LEECGCEHLUL1LKQ'0I' KLJC' DOF' KBC' M0OKLOSCOMQ' 0I'CGCOKH.' PBLMB' :E0GLFC' U0KB' KBC' FQODJLM'
DOF'KBC'FLGCEHLKQ)'
'
'
SYSTEMATICITY
2)'Interactive connectivityg'"BCEC'LH'O0':ECPELKKCO':1DO.'JD:.'10SLM.'D1S0ELKBJ'0E'
1DPH.' O0' FLECMKL0O' 0E' :NE:0HC)' "BC' HKENMKNED1' 0ESDOLHDKL0O' 0I' KBC' HQHKCJ' LH' O0K' :ECHCK' 0E'
BLCEDEMBLMD1.' EDKBCE' LK' LH' BCKCEDEMBLMD1' CJCESLOS' IE0J' KBC' DMKL0OH' DOF' LOKCEDMKL0OH' 0I'
DNK0O0J0NH.'HC:DEDKC'COKLKLCH'DOF'KBCLE'M0OOCMKL0OH)'"BC'JN1KL:1C':DEKH'DEC'DSCOKLGC'LO'KBDK'
KBCQ' DEC' LO' DMKL0O.' JDKCELD11Q' DOF' HCJL0KLMD11Q' F0LOS' P0ER' DOF' JDRLOS' M0OOCMKL0OH' KBDK'
MECDKC' FLHKLOMKL0OH' 0E' FLHMELJLODKL0OH' DH' C1CJCOKH.' DSCOKH.' HKDKCH.' CGCOKH.' 0E' :E0MCHHCH' LO'
OCKP0ERH'0I'H:DKLD1'DOF'KCJ:0ED1'EC1DKL0OH)'
`)'The system is stigmergic.'LKH'FLHKELUNKCF':DEKH'4OCK8P0ER'DH'D'M011CMKLGC'KB0NSB'
D' MD:DMLKQ' I0E' KDSSLOS.' JDERLOS' HLSOH.' KEDMCH' 0E' KEDL1H' :E0FNMCF' UQ' KBC' DMKL0OH' 0I' 0KBCEH.'
D110PLOS' HLSO' HK0EDSC.' KEDOHICE.' :E0MCHHLOS' DOF' KBC' M00EFLODKL0O' 0I' DMKL0O.' DOF' BCOMC' KBC'
:0HHLUL1LKQ'0I'OCSDKLGC'DOF':0HLKLGC'ICCFUDMR)'
3)'Performative'Emergenceg'KBC'HQHKCJ' LH' :CEI0EJDKLGC' DOF'M0OHKENMKLGLHK.'LO'D'
M0OKLON0NH'HKDKC'0I'UCM0JLOS)'%KH'0PO'M0OOCMKLGC'DMKLGLKLCH':E0FNMC'HQHKCJLM' H:DKLD1' DOF'
KCJ:0ED1' CIICMKH' DOF' EC1DKL0OH' KBDK' DEC' O0K' LO' KBC' MD:DMLKQ' 0I' KBC' M0J:0OCOKH)' "BCHC'
CJCESCOK'CIICMKH'ECI1CTLGC1Q'ICCFUDMR'LOK0'KBC' M0J:0OCOKH' LO' D' :E0MCHH'0I'CM010SLMD1'M0<
:E0FNMKL0O)'"BC':E0MCHH'PBCECUQ'KBC'HQHKCJ'DMVNLECH'ICDKNECH'KBDK':CEJLK'LK'K0'FLHMELJLODKC.'
DMK'N:0O.'DOF'ECH:0OF' K0' KBC' COGLE0OJCOK.'LKH'0PO'HKDKC'DOF' K0' 0KBCE' HQHKCJH'LH'LO'CIICMK'
XCJCESCOK' JD::LOSW.' DOF' LH' MENMLD11Q' FC:COFCOK' 0O' HKEDKCSLCH' 0E' :EDMKLMCH' I0E' UD1DOMLOS'
OCSDKLGC'DOF':0HLKLGC'ICCFUDMR.':EDMKLMCH'PBLMB'DEC'KBCJHC1GCH'O0K':ECHCK'UNK'CJCESCOK)'
*?>\->A&"%/%"e'&9$'@-A*,?f'&$&*"%/?'!e!"?A!g'Y->h%9c'Y%"+'A#,"%*,?'i'
'
'
'57'
Table 2. Ways of Knowing as Social Processes
'
Ways of Knowing are Performative: YDQH' 0I' RO0PLOS' DEC' KBC' :E0FNMK' 0I'
M00EFLODKCF' BNJDO' J0GCJCOK.' DMKL0OH.' :EDMKLMCH'DOF':E0K0M01H)'%K'KDRCH'DMKLGC'P0ER'K0'
KEDOHI0EJ' KBC' P0E1F' LOK0' RO0P1CFSCH' DOF' KBCQ' DEC' CJU0FLCF' LO' :C0:1C.' KBCLE' :EDMKLMCH.'
EC1DKL0OHBL:H'DOF'LO' KBCLE' K001H.'DEKCIDMKH'DOF'D11' I0EJH'0I'KCMBO010SQ'CH:CMLD11Q' J0FCH'0I'
EC:ECHCOKDKL0O.'M0JJNOLMDKL0O.'DOF'JCOHNEDKL0O)'
Ways of knowing are Tacit, Practice-based, and Embodied: YDQH'0I'RO0PLOS'
DEC'O0K'_NHK'DUHKEDMKL0OH.' EC:ECHCOKDKL0OH.'0E' LOI0EJDKL0O.'KBCQ'DEC'HRL11CF' :EDMKLMCH'1LKCED11Q'
CJU0FLCF' LO' KBC' M00EFLODKCF' J0GCJCOKH' 0I' BDOFH' DOF' CQCH.' UNK' KBCQ' GDEQ' M0OHLFCEDU1Q'
DME0HH'MN1KNECH.'FC:COFLOS'PBLMB'HCOH0EQ'J0FD1LKQ'LH'SLGCO':E0JLOCOMC'DOF'B0P'KBCQ'DEC'
M00EFLODKCF)'
Ways of Knowing are Socially Co-produced and Emergentg' %O' CODMKLOS' 0NE'
RO0P1CFSCH' 0I' KBC' P0E1F' PC' JDRC' 0NEHC1GCH' 0NE' H0MLCKLCH' DOF' KBC' H:DMCH' PC' LOBDULK)' %O'
J0GLOS'DOF'DMKLOS'K0SCKBCE'PC':CEI0EJ'RO0P1CFSC'H:DMCH.'PC'MECDKC'KEDL1H.'PC'RO0P'DH'PC'
S0'KBE0NSB'KBC'M0SOLKLGC'DOF':BQHLMD1'1DOFHMD:C.'PC'DEC'JD::LOS.'ECGCD1LOS'DOF'UCM0JLOS)'
Ways of Knowing are Localg'"BCQ'DEC' HLKNDKCF.':1DMC<UDHCF.':E0FNMCF'DK':DEKLMN1DE'
HLKCH'UQ':DEKLMN1DE':C0:1C.'PLKB':DEKLMN1DE'HRL11H.':EDMKLMCH' DOF'K001H'LO' :DEKLMN1DE'BLHK0ELMD1'
M0OKCTKH)'
Ways of Knowing are Spatial: ADRLOS'M0OOCMKL0OH.'1LORLOS':C0:1C.' :1DMCH' DOF'
:EDMKLMCH.':E0FNMCH'RO0P1CFSC'H:DMCH'PBCEC'KENHKCF'DSCOKH.'HLSOLILMDOK'HLKCH.'DOF'KEDFLKL0OH'
DEC'P0GCO'K0SCKBCE'LO'JN1KL:1LMLK0NH':DEKLMN1DE'K0:010SLCH)'
Ways of Knowing are Mobile, they Travel: #OLGCEHD1LKQ'DOF'NOLKQ.'HN::0HCF1Q'
CHHCOKLD1'MBDEDMKCELHKLMH'0I'RO0P1CFSC'DEC'O0K'LO' KBC'ODKNEC'0I'KBC'RO0P1CFSCH' KBCJHC1GCH.'
UNK'LO'KBC'PDQH'KBDK'BDGC'UCCO'FCGC10:CF'I0E'J0GLOS.'MLEMN1DKLOS'DOF'DHHCJU1LOS'I0EJH'0I'
RO0P1CFSC)'
Ways of Knowing are Narratological and Temporal: &11'PDQH'0I'RO0PLOS'DEC'
HK0ELCF':EDMKLMCH)'9DEEDKLGCH' 0EFCE'CGCOKH.':C0:1C.'DOF' DMKLGLKLCH.'LO'H:DMC'DOF' KLJC.'LO'KBC'
:E0MCHH'0I'MECDKLOS'JCDOLOS'DOF'FLD10SLMD1'CTMBDOSC.'KBCQ'LOHKDOKLDKC'0OK010SLCH)'
Ways of Knowing are Disunited and Multiple, Collective and Distributedg'&11'
PDQH'0I'RO0PLOS'LOM1NFLOS'HMLCOMC'DOF'KCMBO010SQ'DEC'FLHNOLILCFa' KBCQ'DEC'JN1KL:1LMLK0NH.'
JCHHQ.'J0K1CQH)'"BCEC' DEC' JN1KL:1C'PDQH'0I'RO0PLOS.' O0K'_NHK'RO0P1CFSC'HLOSN1DE)' "BCEC'
DEC' FLIICELOS' 0OK010SLCH.' JCKB0F010SLCH' DOF' C:LHKCJ010SLCH' U0KB' PLKBLO' DOF' UCKPCCO'
MN1KNECH)' YDQH' 0I' RO0PLOS' F0' O0K' _NHK' LOBCEC' LO' LOFLGLFND1' JLOFHa' KBCQ' DEC' FLHKELUNKCF.'
MECDKCF.'ODEEDKCF.':EDMKLMCF'DOF':CEI0EJCF'LO' PCUH' 0I' LOKCEDMKL0O' PLKB' 0KBCE':C0:1C.'PLKB'
KBC'COGLE0OJCOK.'DOF'PLKB'KBLOSH)'
YDQH'0I'RO0PLOS'LO'D11'KEDFLKL0OH'DEC':E0FNMCF'LO'I1CTLU1C.'M0OKCHKCF'DOF'FQODJLM'
:E0MCHHCH'DOF' :EDMKLMCH.'UNK' KBCLE':CEI0EJDKLGLKQ'DOF'OCS0KLDKCF'MBDEDMKCE'LH'CEDHCF'DH'KBCQ'
DEC'EC<:ECHCOKCF'DH'DNKB0ELHCF.'DMMECFLKCF.'NOLILCF':NU1LM'RO0P1CFSC)''
$&/%$'"#>9(#,,'
'
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55'
"BCEC'DEC'KBCO'HKE0OS'DOD10SLCH'UCKPCCO'PDQH'0I'RO0PLOS'DOF'KBC'FQODJLMH'
0I'M0J:1CT'DFD:KLGC'HQHKCJH)27'"BC'H0MLD1':E0FNMKL0O'DOF'CODMKJCOK'0I'RO0P1CFSCH'LH'
:CEI0EJDKLGC' M011CMKLGC' P0ER' LO' PBLMB' PC'HBD:C'0NEHC1GCH'DOF'0NE'COGLE0OJCOK'
DOF'BCOMC'LK'LH':E0I0NOF1Q'H:DKLD1'PLKB'H0MLD1.':EDMKLMD1.'C:LHKCJ010SLMD1'DOF'J0ED1'
FLJCOHL0OH)'"BC'M0SOLKLGC'DOF'H0MLD1'0EFCE'M0<:E0FNMC'0OC'DO0KBCE'DOF'LO'H0'F0LOS'
M0OHKENMK'KBC'RLOFH'0I' JCOKD1' DOF'J0ED1'H:DMCH'PC'LOBDULK'DH' RO0P1CFSC':E0FNMCEH)'
hO0P1CFSC'DOF'H0MLCKQ'F0'O0K'JCEC1Q'LOKCEDMK'0E'FCKCEJLOC'0OC'DO0KBCE)'"BCQ'DEC'
:CEI0EJDKLGC1Q'M0OHKLKNKLGC'0I'0OC'DO0KBCE)'(NK'PDQH'0I'RO0PLOS.'UC'KBCQ'H0MLD1'0E'
ODKNED1.'0E'D'M0JULODKL0O'0I'KBC'KP0.'F0'O0K'I0EJ'DOQKBLOS'1LRC':CEJDOCOK1Q'M0BCECOK'
PB01CH.'KBCQ'DEC'M0J:1CT.' JCHHQ' DOF' JN1KL:1C.' CG01GLOS' CT:CELJCOKH' LO' M0OHKDOK'
HKENSS1C'OCS0KLDKL0O'DOF'LOKCEDMKL0O'LO'D'MBDOSLOS'COGLE0OJCOK)'
%O'UL010SQ'DH'LO'1LIC.'KBC'0O1Q'EN1C'LH'XKBCEC'DEC'O0'EN1CHW'CTMC:K'KBC'0OCH'PC'
M0OHKENMK)',LIC'LH'D'M0SOLKLGC':E0MCHH'DOF'LKH'D::DECOK'M0BCECOMC.'FCH:LKC'KBC'JDOQ'
PDQH' 0NE' 1LIC' CT:CELCOMCH' DEC' IEDSJCOKCF.' FLH_0LOKCF' DOF' FLHNOLKCF.' LH' H0MLD11Q'
DMBLCGCF' KBE0NSB' 0NE' KC11LOS' HK0ELCH.' KDRLOS' _0NEOCQH.' JDERLOS' KEDL1H' DOF' JDRLOS'
JCDOLOS'KBE0NSB'H:DKLD1'DOF'KCJ:0ED1'0EFCELOS'DOF'M00EFLODKLOS'0I'DMKL0OH)25'hCO'
(DHRLO'BDH'JDFC'CT:1LMLK'KBC'M0OOCMKL0O'UCKPCCO'M0J:1CT'DFD:KLGC'HQHKCJH.'H:DMC'
DOF'HK0ELCH'LO'BLH'M0OMC:KL0O' 0I' XHK0ELCF'H:DMCHW)'\0E'(DHRLO.'XPC'BNJDO'DOLJD1H'
CT:CELCOMC'KBC'P0E1F'LO'KCEJH'0I'KBC'HK0ELCH'KBDK'PC'UC1LCGC'KC11'NH'PBDK'ZECD1LKQ['LH.'
HK0ELCH'KBDK'PC'0NEHC1GCH'M0<MECDKC'DH'PC'LOKCEDMK'PLKB'0KBCEH'LO'0NE'GDEL0NH'H0MLD1'
COGLE0OJCOKHk'IDJL1LCH.'0ESDOLdDKL0OH.':E0ICHHL0OH.'CKM)k'CDMB' 0I' PBLMB' INOMKL0OH'
DH'LKH'0PO'HK0ELCF'H:DMCHi'KBCHC'HK0ELCF'H:DMCH'INOMKL0O'DH'KBC'BNJDO'CVNLGD1COK'
0I'M0J:1CTLKQWH'M0J:1CT'DFD:KLGC'HQHKCJHW)2='
j0BO' +011DOF' PDH' 0OC' 0I' KBC' ILEHK' K0' FCGC10:' D' KBC0EQ' 0I' M0J:1CT' DFD:KLGC'
HQHKCJH)'%O'BLH'DOD1QHLH' KDSSLOS' LH'KBC'RCQ'JCMBDOLHJ'I0E' DSSECSDKL0O'DOF'U0NOFDEQ'
I0EJDKL0O' LO' HNMB' HQHKCJH.' CODU1LOS'FLIICECOKLDKL0O'DOF'M1DHHLILMDKL0O)
2^'"DSSLOS.'
IE0J'D'M0<:E0FNMKLGC.':CEI0EJDKLGC':CEH:CMKLGC.'LH'D'_0LOK'CIICMK'0I'KBC'J0GCJCOK'0I'
KBC'DSCOKH'LO'KBC'HQHKCJ'DOF'KBC'LOKCEDMKL0OH'UCKPCCO'KBC'HQHKCJ'DOF'KBC'DSCOKH)'
"DSH'DEC'KBC'HKLSJCESLM'HLSOH'0I'P0ER.'0I'DMKL0Oa'KBCQ'DEC'ODJCH.'1DUC1H.'FCILOLKL0OH.'
DOF' LOFLMDKL0OH' 0I' LOKCECHK.' GD1NC' DOF' M0OMCEO)' @0OOCMKCF' K0SCKBCE' KBCQ' I0EJ'
XM0SOLKLGC'KEDL1HW'KBDK'DEC'U0KB'KBC'CIICMKH'DOF'KBC'M0J:0OCOKH'0I'D'F0NU1C'JD::LOS'
:E0MCHH'LO'KBC'M0<:E0FNMKL0O'0I'RO0P1CFSC'DOF'H:DMC)22'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
27'ADEHB'DOF'-O0I'4566b8)'
25'"NEOUN11'45665'U8a'"NEOUN11'4566^8a'(ELSSH'47;;`8a',DP'DOF'!LOS1CK0O'456668)'
2='(DHRLO'4566b8)'
2^'+011DOF'47;;28.':)'7^)'
22'"BC'KCEJ'M0SOLKLGC'KEDL1' LH'&FELDO'@NHHLOHW'PB0'DESNCH'KBDK'D'XKEDGC11LOS'DMM0NOK'0I'NOFCEHKDOFLOS'
DOF'EC:ECHCOKDKL0O'HB0N1F'O0K'0:K'I0E'DO'C:LHKCJ010SLMD1'SE0NOFLOS'LO'KB0NSBK'0E'CT:CELCOMC'HLOMC'
JNMB'0I'0NE'XLOKC11LSCOMC'LO' M0JJNOLMDKLOS'DOF'DMKLOS'M0OHLHKH'LO'0NE'DUL1LKQ'K0'move between D1KCEODKLGC'
M0OMC:KND1LHDKL0OH'0I'D':E0U1CJ'F0JDLOW)'@NHHLOH'47;;58.'MLKCF'LO'"NEOUN11'456658)'
"EDL1H'DH'@NHHLOH':0LOKH'0NK'DEC'D1H0' DEKCIDMKH)'X*CEBD:H'KEDL1H'DEC'KBC'first'DEKCIDMKHW'@NHHLOH.'&FELDO)'
Norms, Networks and Trails: Relations between Different Topologies of Activity, Kinds of Normativity,
and the New Weird Metaphysics of Actor Network Theory, and Some Cautions About the Contents
of the Ethnographer's Toolkit'7;;;'nMLKCF'57);)2)o)'
*?>\->A&"%/%"e'&9$'@-A*,?f'&$&*"%/?'!e!"?A!g'Y->h%9c'Y%"+'A#,"%*,?'i'
'
'
'5='
\0E'CTDJ:1C.'-MBH.'jDM0UQ'DOF'c0OdD1CH'BDGC'100RCF'DK'KBC'PDQH'D'SE0N:'
0I':BQHLMLHKH'P0ER'M011DU0EDKLGC1Q'LO'ECDMBLOS'DO'NOFCEHKDOFLOS'0I'KBCLE'M0J:1CT'
JDHHCH' 0I' FDKD.' DOF' BDGC' I0NOF' KBDK' KBCQ'KDRC'XCJU0FLCF'LOKCE:ECKLGC'_0NEOCQHW'
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... Understanding performativity as the key to 'ways of knowing' and making knowledge refutes the assumption of hegemonic or diametrically opposed knowledge systems (following Bravo, 2000). Rather, thinking of performativity as central to the nature of human life opens up the possibility for "working with multiple ontologies" (following Turnbull, 2012); given that ontologies are therefore only products of their location and epistemic situation. This focus on performativity as central to knowledge-making characterises one of the central axioms of this thesis; the argument for possibilities of viewing knowledge-mapping projects as complex adaptive systems (following Maturana & Varela, 1987;Turnbull, 2007;. ...
... In order to discuss and critique the ubiquitous 'western scientific' / 'indigenous' binaries and their origins, I want to discuss the nature of current scholarship surrounding complexity (Turnbull, 2012;Mignolo, 2000). Particularly interesting here is contemporary discussion of "complex adaptive systems" as a way of viewing emergent constructs that succeed in working with multiple ontologies. ...
... Building on this deconstruction of the binary that separates the hegemonic "western scientific" knowledge tradition from all subjugated non-western systems, Turnbull articulates performativity as the core strand of thought for working across multiple ontologies. This follows from John Law's attention to "enacting the social" ( , in Turnbull, 2012 whereby he suggests that in order to understand practices all things must be understood as constituents to performance; "realities, objects, subjects, materials and meanings" (Law, 2009), coming together as assemblages (practices). ...
Thesis
This thesis examines historical and contemporary debates surrounding the way in which knowledge traditions interact in the Arctic. This is done through examining the theoretical and practical history of cartography, both as a discipline, and as applied to the Arctic. In doing so, I make the argument for an inextricable link between cartography and knowledge production across supposedly different ‘knowledge traditions’, through the privileging of performativity as the primary way of making knowledge, and an understanding of human cognition as inherently spatial and narratological. Based on these understandings, I examine debates within geography and wider social science that might assist the practising of cartography under this philosophy – the possibilities for ‘working with multiple ontologies’. For example I explore the opportunity for working with complex adaptive systems, and suggest that a contemporary understanding of how cyberspace is produced in the Arctic fits in with these philosophies. I also examine those debates that might stand in the way of practice that acknowledges these philosophies of complexity – for example debates about the nature of digital materiality, and of the epistemological / ontological divide. These theories and debates are anchored in the Arctic through the use of historical and contemporary examples concerned with the mapping of space and knowledge primarily in the North American Arctic. Ultimately debating a future for practising cartography in the Arctic is situated within the confines of post-colonial critique, so I examine how we define “counter-mapping”, and where the philosophies outlined above fit into this politically strong tradition. In conclusion I suggest that whilst contemporary theory has much to offer an increasingly digital indigenous Arctic, there remains a partial disconnect between theory and practice that can be addressed through reading this debate.
... One way to establish a point of colonial difference is to take the performative, coproductive approach of Tim Ingold's "dwelling perspective," which sees knowledge of the environment as being shaped in movement through it and vice versa: the environment is shaped in interactions with it (Ingold 2000;Turnbull 2007Turnbull , 2012. A performative approach that opens up a point of colonial difference is one that is set in tension with the representationalism underpinning much of western scientific epistemology (Pickering 2013). ...
... The change affecting them all is the challenge of non-linear dynamics of complex adaptive systems. All these disciplines are coming to recognize the need to deal with the complexity of multiscalar phenomena in simultaneous interaction that produce emergent effects (Turnbull 2012). ...
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South American rock art and prehistory with all its controversies is a rich site for exploring the processes of territorialization through which humans shape their understanding of the world in their earliest movements through the environment, and also for examining how narratives of prehistory are woven. The paper examines the debate over the Cerutti Mastodon and why Serra da Capivara, one of the largest rock art complexes in the world, remains in analytic limbo. It suggests that rethinking these two examples may offer a possible way out of some of the analytic difficulties in South American prehistory through a decolonizing approach to understanding the reasons for the rejection of the Cerutti Mastodon, and the lack of recognition of Serra da Capivara’s most important site – Bocqueirã da Pedra Furada (PBF).
... Expert ecologists in local and state governments recognise the importance of local knowledge as contributing to local practices-for example, in the management of indigenous flora seedbanks or reintroduction of marsupials such as bettongs in NSW (Williams, 2004). However, as Verran (1998 ) and others (Latour, 1993;Turnbull, 2012) would note, there is no room for imagination or negotiation of different knowledge assemblages in the planning codes, or the overlays and regulations that emphatically, and confusingly crisscross the boundaries of the peri-urban. The expert knowledge that of itself must become generic rather than particular to be enacted effectively in these legislative command and control responses cannot absorb the plethora of social imaginaries, because there is no capacity to do so. ...
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In this paper, the peri-urban is conceptualised as a territory to analyse the tensions associated with governments pursuing various agendas in isolation from those inha-biting these spaces. Two peri-urban vignettes are drawn together and Taylor's con-ception of a 'social imaginary' is used to recognise the conundrum for government planners, as well as to support the narratives about the social and ecological meaning of what local in-migrants are doing in the landscape. A resilience framework assists in clarifying system boundaries and the concept of social-ecological memory is used to interrogate how practices emerge within the various social imaginaries. The find-ings emphasise that this combination of tropes assists in acknowledging the rich, social imaginaries of local people 'making' the new landscapes. It is argued that acknowledging and incorporating their interests requires engaging with local net-works and, more strategically, conceding that the social imaginaries of the peri-urban can be co-constructed for other strategic landscape outcomes. It is crucial to recognize the specificity of today's practices and of contemporary cap-abilities enabling these practices. This specifi-city partly consists of the fact that current cross-border spaces have to be produced in a context where most territory is encased in a thick and highly formalized national framework marked by the exclusive authority of the national state (Sassen, 2007, p. 5).
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Resilience is an increasingly important urban policy discourse that has been taken up at a rapid pace. Yet there is an apparent gap between the advocacy of social-ecological resilience in scientific literature and its take-up in policy discourse on the one hand, and the demonstrated capacity to govern for resilience in practice on the other. This paper explores this gap by developing a performative account of how social-ecological resilience is dealt with in practice through case study analysis of how protection of biodiversity was negotiated in response to Melbourne’s recent metropolitan planning initiative. It is suggested that a performative account expands the possible opportunities for governing for social-ecological resilience beyond the concept’s use as a metaphor, measurement, cognitive frame or programmatic statement of adaptive management/co-management and has the potential to emerge through what has been called the everyday ‘mangle of practice’ in response to social-ecological feedback inherent to policy processes.
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Despite significant social, economic, and technological changes, travelling remains a significant part of people's lives in the community of Igloolik, in the territory of Nunavut, Canada. When the snow covers the land and the sea ice, travellers start breaking trails, some of which recreate routes that have been used by generations of Inuit. These routes belong to the individual and social memory of the community, and this knowledge affords people safe and reliable travel to hunting and fishing grounds and between communities. This paper analyzes the characteristics of routes traditionally used by the people of Igloolik and explores the differences between land routes and sea-ice routes, the role of the trail breaker, and the characteristics of oral descriptions of routes. Finally, it addresses the issue of how the perception of trails is changing due to generational differences and the use of new transportation technologies. The study of trails and routes reveals some significant features of the Inuit understanding of the Arctic environment, provides an indication of the history of land and sea use in the area, and shows how verbal descriptions of the territory in particular and oral knowledge in general may remain unchanged or with little variation through time.
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Language as a Local Practice addresses the questions of language, locality and practice as a way of moving forward in our understanding of how language operates as an integrated social and spatial activity. By taking each of these three elements - language, locality and practice - and exploring how they relate to each other, Language as a Local Practice opens up new ways of thinking about language. It questions assumptions about languages as systems or as countable entities, and suggests instead that language emerges from the activities it performs. To look at language as a practice is to view language as an activity rather than a structure, as something we do rather than a system we draw on, as a material part of social and cultural life rather than an abstract entity. Language as a Local Practice draws on a variety of contexts of language use, from bank machines to postcards, Indian newspaper articles to fish-naming in the Philippines, urban graffiti to mission statements, suggesting that rather than thinking in terms of language use in context, we need to consider how language, space and place are related, how language creates the contexts where it is used, how languages are the products of socially located activities and how they are part of the action. Language as a Local Practice will be of interest to students on advanced undergraduate and post graduate courses in Applied Linguistics, Language Education, TESOL, Literacy and Cultural Studies.