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Antioxidant Property and Total Polyphenol and Flavonoid Content of Selected Fruits and Fruit Wines Philippine e-Journal for Applied Research and Development
Abstract
The fruits Vaccinium myrtoides ('ayosep'), Annona muricata ('guyabano'), Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen), Ananas comosus (pineapple), and Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) are consumed either raw or as wine products. Given the paucity of data on the phenolic content of these fruits and their wine products, this study has quantified and compared their total polyphenol and flavonoid content using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride method. The fruits and their wine derivatives were also evaluated for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay compared to Vitamin E (positive control). Results show that 'ayosep' contains the highest polyphenol (59.12 ± 0.0006 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100g fresh weight) and flavonoid (1186.44 ± 0.21mg quercetin equivalent per 100g fresh weight). Among all the fruits and wines, strawberry fruit and pineapple wine have the highest and lowest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with 92.35% (± 0.69) and 9.94% (± 8.58), respectively. Post-hoc analyses of results using Tukey test show that all the fruits and wines have equal activity with Vitamin E except pineapple wine. Fresh fruits particularly strawberry, mangosteen, 'guyabano' and 'ayosep' are recommended as sources of natural antioxidants and as alternatives to Vitamin E.
... Only two studies have examined the phytochemical and antioxidant contents of V. myrtoides fruits. Barcelo (2015) profiled the phytochemical composition of fresh fruits (alkaloids, sterols, tannins, and high amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols), while Barcelo et al. (2015) examined the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of fresh blueberry fruits, resulting to 80.02% radical scavenging activity using the DPPH assay. Apart from the fruits, Galvez (2015) demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of V. myrtoides leaves also contain phytosterols, flavonoids, phenolics and tannins, and have high antioxidant activity with an IC 50 of 20.85 µg mL -1 , compared to that of ascorbic acid at 21.56 µg mL -1 . ...
... Phytochemical Analysis BBE extracts were diluted at 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 using ethanol for phytochemical assays (Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride). Methods for both were adapted from Barcelo et al. (2015) and Ebrahimzadeh et al. (2008) with modifications. ...
... The same dilution of BBE (1:10, 1:50, and 1:100) was used for the DPPH assay. This was adapted from Barcelo et al. (2015) and Ebrahimzadeh et al. (2008) with modifications. In brief, 10 µL of BBE from the different dilutions were added with 190 µL of DPPH from a 24 mg/L stock solution in 80% methanol prepared in an aluminum foil-wrapped test tube. ...
Vaccinium species (Family Ericaceae) include the blueberries, with its fruits widely studied for its antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity. However, Vaccinium myrtoides Blume (Miq.) is a species native to the Philippines that has not yet been thoroughly examined for its health-boosting properties. This study delivers new information on Vaccinium myrtoides fruit extract regarding its antioxidant and ROS scavenging activity as applied to in vitro and in vivo animal models. Crude ethanolic extracts of ripe freeze-dried V. myrtoides fruits (BBE) resulted to a significant increase in total phenolics and total flavonoid contents, with its highest concentration observed at 1:100 dilution. Antioxidant analysis of BBE was significantly highest at 1:50 dilution using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test. In vitro administration of BBE extract at 50 and 200 µg mL-1 to phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated murine macrophages resulted to 100 times lower ROS production, while in vivo administration of 100 and 400 mg kg-1 BBE via gavage to sexually mature male ICR mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide at 150 mg kg-1 for two weeks drastically reduced the amount of oxidative stress produced from cyclophosphamide and PMA administration. The present findings highly suggest increased antioxidant and ROS scavenging activities upon addition of V. myrtoides ripe fruit extract, which can be alluded to its phenolic and flavonoid contents.
... These four chemical compounds are responsible for the antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts against gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a mean zone of inhibition of 12 mm (Galvez 2016). Barcelo et al. (2015) report that fresh fruits have higher polyphenol content than its fruit wine sold in markets of Benguet Province, Philippines, due to wine aging and wine making procedures. Natural V. myrtoides fruit extracts are also rich in alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols with higher antioxidant activities than commercial Vitamins A, E, and ascorbic acid (Barcelo 2015). ...
In the present study, it was aimed to produce free-flowing date powders using various levels of inulin as drying-aid agent (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) through hot-air drying at 60°C for 24 h. Effects of different inulin ratios on physicochemical properties of date powders were investigated. This is the first report which evaluated the suitability of this prebiotic carbohydrate as drying-aid agent to fabricate date powders. Inulin addition yielded date powders with high flowability. On the other hand, contents of bioactive compounds including total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins of date powders decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the inulin concentration increased from 10% to 50% Accordingly, DPPH-radical inhibition capacities reduced in date powders containing higher levels of inulin. Furthermore, significant correlations were detected between bioactives contents and antioxidant activity of date samples. The results showed that free-flowing date powders with improved prebiotic content may be produced by incorporating inulin up to ratio of 50% and used as sugar substitute in different food products.
There are still, in many parts of the globe, some edible fruit collects from the wild for human feeding and other uses. These fruits are utilised either in their raw nature or after some form of processing. One of these wild fruits are Vaccinium species such as Vaccinium myrtoides (Blume) Miq., Vaccinium cylindraceum, Vaccinium padifolium, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium myrtillus and others from the plant family Ericaceae. The term wild infers non-cultivated plants found in plantation felids or the forest. The species Vaccinium myrtoides and the others are small trees (shrubs) that are well known in Southeast Asian countries such as Philippines, Indonesia and other neighbouring islands. The plants classified as wild growing shrubs. However, the locals have made it be fully utilized in some areas as the wood that are used in grafting utensils and cutleries, or as fuel and fruits. The small-sized berry-like fruits with an average diameter of about 4–5 mm turn black when ripe. They have a delicious flavour that makes it edible and used in the making of other delicacies such as tart and pies to add flavour and as preservatives as well. A few published researches were done on Vaccinium myrtoides showing that it is still used in folkloric medicine. Leaves and fruits extracts showed strong antioxidant activity when tested in-vitro using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity as part of a preliminary phytochemical screening for V. myrtoides. The study revealed that the antioxidant activity is due to the presence of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in the plant leaves and fruit extracts.KeywordsAntioxidantsDPPH
Vaccinium myrtoides
Wild fruit
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