Effect of Wi-Fi radiation on seed germination and plant growth - experiment

Abstract

With the rapidly increasing number of artificial sources of electromagnetic fields, it needs research of
their effects to living organisms. The most common object of these studies is primarily a human who is exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the environment, at home and at workplaces. In this area are also observed the changes in behavior of animals and plants caused by the high frequency electromagnetic radiation. Plants are very sensitive because they can perceive a lot of perceptions from the environment. In this article, we observed the effects of Wi-Fi radiation on the growth plants, namely garden cress. One sample was exposed to long-term electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of Wi-Fi router. The second sample was exposed minimum to that radiation. It has been shown that long-term exposure of Wi-Fi radiation in the vicinity of the cress causes changes in growth and development as well as visible changes of discoloration and vitality.

Full text

109 | Fascicule 1
ANNALS of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara
– International Journal of Engineering
Tome XV [2017] – Fascicule 1 [February]
ISSN: 1584-2665 [print; online]
ISSN: 1584-2673 [CD-Rom; online]
a free-access multidisciplinary publication
of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara
1. Pavol LIPTAI, 2. Bystrík DOLNÍK, 3. Veronika GUMANOVÁ
EFFECT OF WI-FI RADIATION ON SEED
GERMINATION AND PLANT GROWTH - EXPERIMENT
1,3. Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Process and Environmental
Engineering, Košice, SLOVAKIA
2. Technical University of Košice, Faculty of electrical engineering and informatics, Department of electric power
engineering, Košice, SLOVAKIA
Abstract: With the rapidly increasing number of artificial sources of electromagnetic fields, it needs research of
their effects to living organisms. The most common object of these studies is primarily a human who is exposed to
electromagnetic radiation in the environment, at home and at workplaces. In this area are also observed the
changes in behavior of animals and plants caused by the high frequency electromagnetic radiation. Plants are very
sensitive because they can perceive a lot of perceptions from the environment. In this article, we observed the
effects of Wi-Fi radiation on the growth plants, namely garden cress. One sample was exposed to long-term
electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of Wi-Fi router. The second sample was exposed minimum to that
radiation. It has been shown that long-term exposure of Wi-Fi radiation in the vicinity of the cress causes changes
in growth and development as well as visible changes of discoloration and vitality.
Keywords: electromagnetic field, Wi-Fi radiation, garden cress, plants
INTRODUCTION
Potential sources of thermal effects from electromagnetic radiation, which surrounds us every day, we
can include electromagnetic waves of mobile phones, microwave ovens and Wi-Fi equipments.
Analysis of thermal and biological effects of electromagnetic fields is dedicated to a lot of attention and
research activities. Part of results from this area is described in the documents [1-7]. The research of
harmfulness of electromagnetic heating food in microwave ovens was realized on the Institute of
biochemistry and environment in Switzerland [8].
Research and study of the impact of electromagnetic radiation from the antennas of mobile operators
to the population of white stork is also described in article [9]. In the conclusions of this research is
described that, nests population productivity which are located within 200 meters from the mobile
operator transmitter was twice less than in nests in the distance more than 300 meters from the
transmitter.
The ability of plants to react to surrounding changes is very important for them because very often they
cannot change location. During the evolution in their organisms has been the effective mechanisms
developed to ensure their survival. It was caused by the fact that plants not able to move. About the
plants we use the term neuronal systems, not as by humans and animals, where we call the system as
the nervous. The word “neuron” originated from ancient Greek and means “vegetable fiber” [10].
PROCEDURE AND CONDITIONS OF THE EXPERIMENT
In our experiment, we have planted the seeds of Lepidium Sativum (kind of garden cress) into two
identical bowls. The same content of the seeds we filled to the bowls. The first sample (A) was in the
room with minimal effect of the Wi-Fi radiation. The second sample (B) was placed in the room, in close
proximity of the Wi-Fi Router (Model: Huawei B260) with the transmission frequency from 2.412 to
2.472 GHz. All other experimental conditions were the same. Both bowls were placed on the windows
in the same height and on the same world side. They were secured the same conditions of daylight.

110 | Fascicule 1
During the following 12 days received both plants the same measured amount of water at the same time.
The prepared bowls with seeds in the beginning of experiment are shown in Figure 1. Weight of both
bowls was 115 g.
Figure 1. Prepared bowls with seeds – 115 g both bowls
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During the experiment we weighed the bowls on the digital weight, in the first, third, fifth, tenth and
twelfth day. Changes in plant growth are documented in the following figures. Figure 2 presents the
third day, Figure 3 fifth day, Figure 4 tenth day and Figure 5 twelfth day of the experiment.
Figure 2. Third day
Figure 3. Fifth day
Figure 4. Tenth day
Figure 5. Twelfth day

111 | Fascicule 1
To day fifth of the experiment, the plants showed of small
differences of germination and growth. After the fifth day, a
large part of seeds placed near the Wi-Fi router has not
germinated. Many of these seeds were dead and had dark color,
which was significantly different from the seeds in the second
bowl. The germinating sprouts near wireless router were
shorter and weaker.
On the tenth day of the experiment plants near to the Wi-Fi
router, which germinated, had problem with growth and their length has not changed. Also, it was
reduced water intake of these plants and was weighed the significant weight difference between the
first and second sample. The differences of the measured weights of the two bowls during the
experiment are shown in Table 1 and Figure 6. On the last twelfth day, garden cress outside
electromagnetic radiation (sample A) was visually vital and had clearly green color. Sample B was
withered and the vegetation was less dense as by the sample A.
Figure 6. Samples weight differences - graphically
CONCLUSION
Microwaves from Wi-Fi devices are characterized by its thermal effects. Microwave electromagnetic
fields are absorbed in the materials containing water, into heat. To the largest absorbers of microwave
electromagnetic radiation include cactuses and succulents in general. Effect of Wi-Fi radiation on plants
is influenced by several basic factors:
≡ Thermal effects of electromagnetic field are directly dependent on the frequency of waves, which
means that with increasing frequency grows thermal effect on living organisms.
≡ Total amount of received thermal energy depend on the water content contained in the vegetable
fibers. Water content determines the electrical properties.
≡ Surface area of vegetable fibers that is exposed to microwave radiation.
≡ Electric field strength.
If the amount of thermal energy is more than the plant can absorb, may occur to thermal overload of
plant organs and the whole organism. The influence of high-frequency electromagnetic field due to the
internal temperature increase of plants can cause the physiological and metabolic changes that influence
their growth. Adverse changes in the green part of the planet may lead to ecosystem changes. With effect
of Wi-Fi radiation and other electromagnetic microwave radiation we cannot these changes exclude.
The experiment has demonstrated the negative effects of Wi-Fi radiation on the plants of garden cress,
but for the confirmation of that argument will be necessary to repeat this experiment. The result was
the slowing of plants growth, physiological and metabolic changes and genetic mutations that can lead
to death of the plants. It is therefore necessary to continue research this issue, to be able to more
accurately describe the changes in plants caused by high-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract no. APVV
0432-12 and no. APVV 15-0327 and by Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic KEGA 039 TUKE-4/2015.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1. 3. 5. 10. 12.
Day of the experiment
Weight [g]
Sample A
Sample B
Table 1. Samples weight differences
Day of the
experiment
Weight [g]
Sample A
Sample B
1.
115
115
3.
121
125
5.
118
148
10.
107
149
12.
105
152

112 | Fascicule 1
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