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An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties
... and is used to define the suspicion of anxiety and is scored between 0 and 63. According to the BAI, a score of 0-7 suggests no suspicion of anxiety, a score of [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] suggests mild anxiety, a score of 16-25 suggests moderate anxiety, and a score of 26 and above suggests severe anxiety. 8 In the third part of the questionnaire, the participants were administered the MINI work anxiety interview questions derived from the MINI interview used to determine the type of anxiety according to DSM-IV criteria. ...
... According to the BAI, a score of 0-7 suggests no suspicion of anxiety, a score of [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] suggests mild anxiety, a score of 16-25 suggests moderate anxiety, and a score of 26 and above suggests severe anxiety. 8 In the third part of the questionnaire, the participants were administered the MINI work anxiety interview questions derived from the MINI interview used to determine the type of anxiety according to DSM-IV criteria. 2 ...
Objective The present study evaluated the work-related anxiety scores of healthcare workers in emergency departments (ED) and aimed to determine the factors affecting these scores.Methods The data was obtained through a survey administered to the emergency staff. Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) work anxiety interview were used to predict and determine the type of anxiety experienced by the participants. The survey was administered to 147 volunteers, and questionnaires from 130 participants were included in the study.Results It was found that 43.8% of the participants had a BAI score greater than 7. The study results showed a negative correlation and a linear regression model between age and the BAI score. Additionally, the BAI score was significantly higher in female, singles, physicians, those who were dissatisfied with their jobs, and those who were dissatisfied with their salaries (p<0.05). The results also showed that having a history of anxiety disorder or depression, being a physician, and being dissatisfied with one’s job were 6.277, 5.583, and 4.005 times higher, respectively, in terms of suspicion of anxiety (p<0.001). In the MINI job anxiety interview, work-related posttraumatic stress disorder (38.6%) was predicted most frequently, and indiscriminative work-related social phobia (5.3%) was predicted least frequently in participants at risk for anxiety according to the BAI score.Conclusion This study suggests that teaching healthcare workers how to cope with workplace trauma and workplace-related situational phobias can be an effective solution to prevent anxiety disorders in healthcare workers working in ED.
... We assessed wellbeing using the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire [53] as well as the PKU Quality of Life Questionnaire [39]. We assessed depression and anxiety using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory BAI [54];. Finally, we used an ad-hoc questionnaire to compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our middle-aged cohort of AwPKU and matched controls. ...
... Quality of life was assessed using two questionnaires: the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey SF-36 [53]; which assesses physical functioning, pain, limitations due to physical and emotional health, general emotional wellbeing, social functioning, energy, and general health perceptions; and the PKU quality of life questionnaire PKU-QoL [39]; which assesses PKU symptoms, management of PKU, intake of protein supplements and adherence to diet. Mental health was measured with self-reporting questionnaires that assess depression (the Beck Depression Inventory; BDI-II [57]; and anxiety (the Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI [54];. ...
The first cohort of early-treated adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) is reaching middle-age and moving towards old age. We do not know if and how the effects of an aging brain may interact with the effect of PKU. This study compared wellbeing and cognition in 19 middle-aged adults with PKU (age 40+ mean = 45.8) and in a younger adult PKU group (age 18-36 mean = 26.7). The middle-aged PKU group demonstrated more anxiety and depression, and more negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to age-matched controls. They also demonstrated a steep deterioration of quality of life compared to younger adults with PKU. These last results confounded age with the effects of the pandemic, since only the older participants were tested during the COVID-19 pandemic, but taken together, results consistently point to AwPKU being less resilient to age and other life stressors affecting wellbeing. Regarding cognition, the older PKU group demonstrated significantly worse performance than the younger group, and within the middle-age groups, the effect of age was stronger in the PKU group than in the control, even though this was not statistically significant. In contrast, size of impairment relative to an age-matched control group was numerically smaller in older, middle-age PKU group. We discuss possible methodological confounders related to this last result. Our study points to the challenges of using cross-sectional results to track performance across the lifespan and to the need to acquire more corroborating evidence before concluding there is no accelerating brain aging in PKU.
... The current analyses were applied to data from SHARE Wave 5 (N = 65,684; ages 45-103 years; 55.7% women; 15 countries represented). Anxiety symptoms were assessed using items from the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Beck et al. 1988). Fifty-seven risk/protective factors were compared. ...
... Anxiety was measured by five items from the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al. 1988). The BAI was developed to assess anxiety symptoms independently of depression. ...
Anxiety in older adults is a prevalent yet under-recognized condition associated with significant societal and individual burdens. This study used a machine learning approach to compare the relative importance of 57 risk and protective factors for anxiety symptoms in a population-representative sample of middle-aged and older European adults (N = 65,684; ages 45-103 years; 55.7% women; 15 countries represented). The results revealed loneliness and self-rated poor health as primary risk factors (Nagelkerke R 2 = 0.272), with additional predictive contributions from country of residence, functional limitations, financial distress, and family care burden. Notably, follow-up analysis showed that none of the 16 social network variables were associated with loneliness; rather, cohabitating with a partner/spouse was most strongly associated with reduced loneliness. Further research is needed to elucidate directional associations between loneliness and anxiety (both general and sub-types). These findings underscore the imperative of addressing loneliness for mitigating anxiety and related mental health conditions among aging populations.
... The specific primary outcome is group-level change in emotional quality of life from baseline to 6 months. Secondary effectiveness outcomes are depressive symptoms measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition [45], anxiety symptoms measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory [46], and overall epilepsy-specific quality of life (QOLIE-31 total score) [44]. Similar to the primary outcome, these secondary outcome measures will be evaluated as group-level changes at 6 months. ...
... They will also be given telephone numbers for site-specific urgent psychiatric care and a crisis hotline. As an additional safety precaution, if any participant indicates a significant worsening in anxiety or depression scores (an increase of >1 SD on the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition or Beck Anxiety Inventory from baseline, 12 and 10 points, respectively [45,46]), the computer software system will facilitate identifying the worsening, and an email will be sent to the site coordinator, PI, and site psychiatrist or psychologist. Staff will be instructed to follow the study-specific safety procedures in follow-up and review with the investigator any need for additional action, such as referral for psychiatric care or to other physicians as appropriate. ...
Background
Anxiety and depression in people with epilepsy are common and associated with poor outcomes; yet, they often go untreated due to poor mental health specialist access. Collaborative care is an integrated care model with a strong evidence base in primary care and medical settings, but it has not been evaluated in neurology clinics. Evaluating implementation outcomes when translating evidence-based interventions to new clinical settings to inform future scaling and incorporation into real-world practice is important.
Objective
The Collaborative Care for Posttraumatic Epilepsy (CoCarePTE) trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness (improvement in emotional quality of life) and implementation of a collaborative care intervention for people with anxiety or depressive symptoms and posttraumatic epilepsy.
Methods
CoCarePTE is a 2-site, randomized, single-blind, hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial that will randomize 60 adults to receive either neurology-based collaborative care or usual care. Adults receiving neurological care at participating centers with anxiety or depressive symptoms and a history of at least mild traumatic brain injury before epilepsy onset will be enrolled. The collaborative care intervention is a 24-week stepped-care model with video or telephone calls every 2 weeks by a care manager for measurement-based anxiety and depression care, seizure care monitoring, and brief therapy intervention delivery. This is supplemented by antidepressant prescribing recommendations by psychiatrists for neurologists via case conferences and care manager–facilitated team communication. In step 2 of the intervention, individuals with <50% symptom reduction by 10 weeks will receive an added 8-session remote cognitive behavioral therapy program. The study is powered to detect a moderate improvement in emotional quality of life. As a hybrid type 1 trial, effectiveness is the primary focus, with the primary outcome being a change in emotional quality of life at 6 months in the intervention group compared to control. Secondary effectiveness outcomes are 6-month changes in depression, anxiety, and overall quality of life. Implementation outcomes, including fidelity, acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness, are evaluated before implementation and at 3 months. The primary effectiveness analysis will compare changes in emotional quality of life scores from baseline to 6 months between the intervention and control arms using multiple linear regression modeling, adjusting for study site and using an intent-to-treat approach.
Results
Enrollment commenced in 2023, with modifications in the inclusion and exclusion made after the first 6 enrollees due to slow recruitment. Enrollment is expected to continue at least into early 2025.
Conclusions
The CoCarePTE trial is novel in its use of a hybrid effectiveness-implementation design to evaluate an evidence-based mental health intervention in epilepsy, and by incorporating seizure care into a collaborative care model. If a significant improvement in emotional quality of life is found in the intervention group compared to usual care, this would support next step scaling or clinical implementation.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05353452; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05353452
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/59329
... Additionally, the anxiety assessment by Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) score which consists of 21 self-reported items (four-point scale) used to assess the intensity of physical and cognitive anxiety symptoms during the past week. Scores may range from 0 to 63: minimal anxiety levels (0e7), mild anxiety (8e15), moderate anxiety (16e25), and severe anxiety (26e63) [11]. ...
... The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [12], Hamilton Anxiety/Depression Rating Scale [13,14], Beck Anxiety/Depression Inventory [15,16], Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) [17], and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) [18] are commonly used screening tools for anxiety and depression. However, these questionnaires have several reported drawbacks for assessing anxiety and depression in COPD patients. ...
Purpose
Anxiety and depression are often underdiagnosed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to develop and validate a screening tool for anxiety and depression in COPD patients.
Methods
Stable COPD patients were consecutively recruited from November 2021 to October 2023 and underwent a psychiatric interview to diagnose generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Patients were split into training and validation sets according to their recruitment time. We assessed known risk factors and used core items from the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) to develop a prediction nomogram. Multivariable logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to construct the nomogram.
Results
Among the enrolled COPD patients (n = 329), 58 (25.6%) in the training cohort and 33 (32.4%) in the validation cohort were diagnosed with GAD and/or MDD. Three variables were identified in the prediction nomogram: COPD Assessment Test score and two core items from PHQ-ADS. The under the curve (AUC) value for the nomogram was 0.826 (95% CI: 0.755–0.897) and 0.855 (95% CI: 0.767–0.942) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration curve was close to the diagonal. The discriminatory power of the screening nomogram was comparable to that of PHQ-ADS (AUC: 0.826 vs. 0.831, P = 0.832).
Conclusion
The new screening tool for GAD and MDD in COPD patients is concise and valid, with discriminatory power comparable to existing anxiety/depression screening questionnaires.
... An additional battery of standardised questionnaire assessments was compiled using Qualtrics and completed to obtain self-reported mood measurements. This comprised the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) 22 , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 23 and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) 24 . The PANAS and BAI measures require reflection on differing feelings, emotions and anxious symptoms over the past month, including the day of testing. ...
Sleep profoundly influences human behaviour across cognition, affect, and daily experience. This study evaluated how subjective reports and objective measures of sleep capture the interaction between sleep quality and quantity on cognition and affect. We collected subjective sleep reports using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and objective seven-day actigraphy recordings from 83 participants. A test battery, including the Stop Signal, Digit Span, and Emotional Bias Tasks, measured response inhibition, working memory, and affect. Mood was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory. We reveal that subjective sleep reports do not predict objectively measured sleep duration or quality. We demonstrate that objective measures predict cognitive performance on executive function and memory tasks for the upper and lower sleep quartiles, while subjective reports do not. Moreover, we demonstrate that subjective reports, but not objective measures, are strongly predicted by emotional state. These findings suggest that while subjective measures do not accurately index actual sleep, they are a reliable proxy for emotional well-being. We propose that combined subjective and objective measures are required to characterise the multifaceted interaction between sleep, cognition and emotion. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the cause-effect relationship of sleep-disturbance in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
... Beck et al. to measure the severity of anxiety. As the total score increases, the severity of anxiety increases; a score between 8 and 15 indicates mild anxiety, 16-25 indicates moderate anxiety, and 26-63 indicates severe anxiety [12]. The Beck Depression Scale is a 21-item scale created by Beck et al. to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. ...
Purpose
The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and explore its associations with sleep quality, comorbidities and quality of life.
Methods
RLS and RRMS diagnosis were made using the latest criteria the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 (ICSD-3) criteria and 2017 McDonald criteria. A total of 210 individuals, including 105 patients diagnosed with RRMS and 105 healthy volunteers were included into the study. Data of demographical and disease characteristics and RLS properties were collected. Several scales to assess anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep quality and quality of life scales were used.
Results
RLS prevalence was found in 21.9% of RRMS patients and 12.4%of healthy volunteers. RRMS patients with RLS exhibit significantly higher anxiety and depression scores in sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life compared to the patients without RLS.
Conclusion
This study highlights a higher prevalence of RLS in patients with RRMS compared to healthy individuals. RRMS patients with RLS exhibited distinct characteristics, including lower sleep quality and higher quality of life scores while RLS was nod significantly associated with demographic or clinical variables. Recognizing RLS in patients with RRMS is important for the treatment and improving their overall well-being.
... Both formal and informal assessments were employed, encompassing clinical interviews, the Thematic Apperception Test, and the HFDT. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was employed for a formal assessment of anxiety symptomatology (Beck, 1988). This version of the inventory is highly regarded for its reliability (with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92) and its validity. ...
Anxiety disorders are most common disorders among mental health issues; they are characterized by feelings of tension, worrisome thoughts and physical changes due to an unknown fear which could be real or anticipated. This case study highlights the psychological concerns of 37 years old married male client, who was suffering from panic and anxiety symptoms. He sought help for the panic, death anxiety and the physical symptoms of palpitation. This study is based on the application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provided the basic necessary tools for the reduction of panic and anxiety symptoms. The effectiveness of the CBT technique echoed lessening of symptoms and asserted the success of therapy. The case study validated that the CBT techniques are very effective and helpful in reduction of panic and anxiety symptoms. This would help the professionals working in mental health sector to better understand the effectiveness of CBT techniques, to reduce the knowledge gap and help them to make better treatment modifications.
... Self-administered tools, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 16 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) 17 were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels of participants, respectively. According to the Turkish validation study of BDI, scores above 16 are considered depression. ...
Objectives
Mental health (MH) care for people living with HIV (PLWH) emerges as an important unmet need, yet there are no integrated HIV-MH clinics in Turkey. Our aim is to determine MH service use and its associated factors in PLWH followed up in the HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics in Istanbul/Turkey.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics of the Infectious Diseases (ID) departments in hospitals affiliated with the ACTHIV-IST Study Group. Structured interviews were performed using questionnaires that covered psychiatric state, medical history, and help-seeking behavior.
Results
Out of 172 outpatients, 121 (70.3%) reported MH complaints after infection, and 65.6% felt a need to see MH professionals. Among those, 59% shared their MH distress with the ID team. However, only 20.7% applied to an MH service, and 16.5% received psychiatric treatment. Previous MH diagnoses (AOR = 4.11; 95%CI = 1.26–13.39), sharing the disease with the ID team (AOR = 4.18; 95%CI = 1.24–14.11), and being hospitalized due to HIV (AOR = 6.54; 95%CI = 1.21–35.39) emerged as the predictors of MH service use among those who would like to see an MH professional in logistic regression.
Conclusions
Closer contact with the healthcare system may increase the chances of PLWH receiving MH care. Thus, integrating MH services in HIV/AIDS care would help reach more PLWH who are distressed.
... The Beck Anxiety Inventory, containing 21 items scored from 1 to 4, is used to assess anxiety. 35 Higher scores on this scale indicate more severe anxiety. The Cronbach's α for this scale in this study was 0.820. ...
Acute alcohol consumption has been found to cause duration perception distortions, but the directions of these distortions are not consistent. The mechanisms underlying this effect are also unclear. The present study seeks to elucidate the effect of acute alcohol consumption on duration perception and the mechanisms involved. Forty‐one participants in the placebo group and 40 in the alcohol group completed time bisection tasks, attentional network tests, digit span backward tests and arousal reports to evaluate their duration perception, attentional network, working memory capacity and arousal. The results showed that the alcohol group overestimated duration compared to the placebo group. The alcohol group also showed increased arousal, impaired executive control of attention and reduced working memory capacity. Arousal mediated the effect of acute alcohol consumption on duration perception, whilst working memory capacity masked this effect. The findings are discussed based on the Scalar Timing Model and the Cognitive Resource Allocation Model.
... Thus, the higher the score, the greater the degree of anxiety. The total score is 63 points (Beck et al., 1988). b) Self-esteem -The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS) is a one-dimensional measure which consists of ten statements related to a set of feelings of self-esteem and self-acceptance that determine overall self-esteem. ...
Objective: To describe a protocol comparing the effects of free dance, hatha yoga, and a control group on quality of life, motor and non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PwP). Methods: This is a randomized three-arm study. Inclusion criteria will be people with clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease (PD), ≥ 45 years old, and in stages I to IV of the Hoehn and Yahr Disability Scale (HY). Who do not reach the cut-off point of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and classified in stage V of the HY will be excluded. The interventions will last 60 minutes, twice a week, progressing from light to vigorous intensity. The primary outcome will be quality of life assessed by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ39). Secondary outcomes will include the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the evaluation of motor and physical function such as shoulder and hip range of motion (goniometer), cardiorespiratory fitness (six-minute walk test), balance (MiniBESTest), as well as non-motor aspects such as anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), cognition (MoCA), hope (Herth Hope Scale), fecal incontinence (Fecal Incontinence Quality of life), urinary incontinence (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). Data will be collected at baseline and post-intervention. Discussion: If study interventions are deemed effective compared to standard of care (i.e. control group), the present study will advance current knowledge on non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies for People with Parkinson. Study registered RBR-54s92mh on 02/29/24.
... A soma dos escores individuais varia de 0 a 63. Definiu-se a severidade da ansiedade em quatro estágios: mínimo (de 0 a 10), leve (de 11 a 19), moderado (de 20 a 30) e grave (de 31 a 63) 14 . O BAI é um instrumento validado na versão portuguesa 15 , de fácil aplicabilidade por ser composto de perguntas simples e breves, com foco em sintomas somáticos da ansiedade em curto prazo 16 . ...
Objetivo: Identificar a incidência de DAPO e fatores de risco associados ao seu desenvolvimento. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional longitudinal prospectivo, realizado em um centro estadual de referência para trauma ortopédico com pacientes que internaram na referida unidade para tratamento cirúrgico ortopédico. Para a análise estatística, dividiu-se a amostra em grupos sem dor, com dor leve, moderada e grave, de acordo com a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) após 24 horas da cirurgia. Resultados: Foram incluídos 82 pacientes, sendo que 26 (31,7%) apresentaram dores moderada a forte em 24 horas de pós-operatório. Três fatores de risco apresentaram diferenças importantes entre os grupos: idade, ansiedade e dor pré-operatória. Neste último obteve-se relevância estatística. Conclusão: Pacientes com dor na internação hospitalar previamente à cirurgia apresentaram um maior risco para o desenvolvimento da DAPO. A intensidade da dor está diretamente relacionada nos períodos pré e pós-operatório. A identificação dos preditores de risco para DAPO auxilia a equipe na tomada de decisões. Nesse contexto, o anestesiologista tem papel fundamental na prevenção e controle da DAPO.
... After completion of the simulation the participants were asked to complete the Beck anxiety inventory, (BAI) (11,12), in order to evaluate the subjective levels of stress experienced during the simulation. ...
... The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) [25] is a 21-item inventory measuring distress associated with common symptoms of anxiety. Items are scored from 0 (not bothered at all) to 3 (severely bothered), with higher scores indicating greater anxiety severity (no anxiety: 0-7, mild: 8-15, moderate 16-25, and severe anxiety: ≥ 26). ...
... Each item can be scored on a scale from 0 to 3. A high total score indicates a high level of anxiety experienced by the person. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the BAI scale was carried out by Ulusoy et al. (Beck et al., 1988;Ulusoy et al., 1998). ...
Dysfunctional metacognitive functions, inappropriate emotional schemas, and incompetence in theory of mind skills have been suggested to play a role in the development and persistence of many psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between maladaptive emotional schema and dysfunctional cognitive emotion regulation strategies and clinical characteristics in patients with methamphetamine-use disorder (MUD). The study included a total of 125 participants. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (the “Eyes Test”), and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) were administered to all participants. We observed that BAI (22.63 ± 14.25) and BDI (26.42 ± 13.84) scores were higher (p < 0.001), metacognitive features, the estimation of emotions from facial expressions (p < 0.001), and emotional schemas of MUD patients were impaired in some domains. The result that MUD patients commonly have dysfunctional metacognitions, impaired skills in predicting emotions from facial expressions and some areas of the emotion-focused model will contribute significantly to treatment planning and the development of customized therapy interventions for patients.
Background
Many pharmacological treatments are considered effective in the treatment of panic disorder (PD), however, about 20 to 40% of the patients have treatment-resistant PD. Pharmacogenetics could explain why some patients are treatment-resistant.
Objective
Our objective was to gather preliminary data on the clinical usefulness of pharmacogenetic testing in this disorder.
Methods
Twenty patients with treatment-resistant PD were included in this observational study and submitted to commercial pharmacogenetic testing. Testing panel included gene polymorphisms related to CYP, genes EPHX1 , UGT1A4 , UGT2B15 , ABCB1 , ADRA2A , ANKK1 , COMT , DRD2 , FKBP5 , GRIK4 , GSK3B , HTR1A , HTR2A , HTR2C , MC4R , OPRM1 , SCN1A , SLC6A4 and MTHFR . Participants received treatment-as-usual for PD before being enrolled in this study, including first-line and second-line medications for PD.
Results
In 30% of the patients, the tests indicated reduced chance of response to the prescribed drug, while they indicated very low serum levels of the prescribed drug in 20% of the subjects. The pharmacogenetic tests predicted reduction of MTHFR enzyme activity in 74% of the patients. ABCB1 gene alleles associated to drug resistance were found in 90% of the samples.
Conclusion
Commercial pharmacogenetic testing failed to predict negative treatment outcome in most patients with PD. The association between treatment-resistance in PD and the genes CYP2C19, MTHFR and ABCB1 deserves further study.
Introduction
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a heterogeneous, multifactorial disease with a high prevalence of somatic symptoms. A high percentage of women with IC/BPS also experience pelvic floor muscle pain (PFMP). This study investigated he association between PFMP and clinical characteristics in patients with IC/BPS.
Method
This study evaluated the extent and severity of PFMP in women with IC and BPS. Demographics, sexual condition, IC symptom index (ICSI), IC problem index (ICPI), and Beck anxiety inventory and depression inventory were assessed. The objective assessment items included bladder wall thickness in computed tomography, urodynamic parameters, maximum bladder capacity (MBC) and glomerulation grade after cystoscopic hydrodistention, urine inflammatory proteins, and oxidative stress biomarkers.
Result
A total of 9 women with IC and 83 with BPS were enrolled. A total of 85.8% of patients had PFMP. Patients with PFMP had higher rates of dyspareunia (p = 0.005), lack of sexual activity (p < 0.001), more comorbidities (p = 0.039), pain-predominant IC/BPS phenotypes (p = 0.04), higher IC symptoms (ICSI, p = 0.003; ICPI, p < 0.001), and higher levels of urinary biomarker MIP-1β (p = 0.004) than patients without PFMP. However, no significant correlation was found between PFMP and the bladder wall thickness, urodynamic parameters, MBC, or glomerulation grade.
Conclusion
PFMP is present in a high percentage of patients with IC and BPS and associated with higher IC/BPS symptom score and dyspareunia, but not with MBC or glomerulation grade in patients with BPS.
Objective: Pregnancy is an inherently delicate process characterized by physiological and 18 psychological changes, even in the absence of any health complications. This study compares the 19 levels of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and guilt in women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancies 20 to those in a control group consisting of women with healthy pregnancies. Methods: A total of 172 21 women participated in the study, 108 of whom had high-risk pregnancies and 64 had healthy preg-22 nancies. All participants were administered a semi-structured Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck 23 Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and 24 Guilt Inventory (GI). The findings were statistically analyzed and compared. Results: Women with 25 high-risk pregnancies had significantly higher scores on the BAI (p=0.002), BDI (p=0.035), and GI 26 (p=0.001) compared to the control group. In the logistic regression analysis for calculating the risk 27 of high-risk pregnancy, the multivariate analysis revealed that living in rural areas posed 3.5 times 28 higher risk for high-risk pregnancy compared to urban living (OR=3.500, 95% CI=1.484-8.254). Ad-29 ditionally, for every one-point increase in the GI score, the risk of high-risk pregnancy increased by 30 1.064 times (OR=1.064, 95% CI=1.017-1.114). In the patient group, significant positive correlations 31 were found between the BAI score and BDI, RSES, and GI scores, while a significant negative corre-32 lation was observed between BAI and parity. There were also significant positive correlations be-33 tween the BDI and RSES as well as the GI scores. Additionally, a positive significant correlation was 34 found between the RSES and GI scores. Conclusion: Our findings may help in identifying the psy-35 chological states of women with high-risk pregnancies and 36
With the popularisation of higher education and the expansion of the young student population, the mental health of university students has received increasing attention from all sectors of society. Among them, the newly popular phenomenon of "lying flat", i.e., the behavioural attitudes of university students that show negative idleness and resistance to mainstream values, poses a potential challenge to their positive emotions and psychological adaptations. The present study was conducted with a sample of 1,022 college students to investigate the effects of cognitive restructuring strategies in different contexts on improving the phenomenon of "flatness" and promoting positive emotions by applying the theory of psychological restructuring and the concept of positive psychology. A randomised controlled trial was conducted, in which subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group, and the "cognitive restructuring training" was administered to each group, and the traditional psychological counselling methods were used to collect the changes in psychological indicators such as psychological resilience, emotion regulation ability and self-efficacy before and after the experimental period. The data were analysed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software, and multiple linear regression and path analysis were used to quantify the effects of cognitive restructuring intervention on the psychological phenomenon of lying flat and the enhancement of positive emotions. The results showed that compared with the control group, the college students in the experimental group, after receiving 8 weeks of cognitive restructuring training, showed significant improvement in their psychological resilience and emotion regulation ability, enhanced self-efficacy, effective alleviation of the lying flat mentality, and a significant upward trend in the overall level of positive emotions. This study further used focus group interviews and in-depth case analysis to analyse the effective mechanisms of the cognitive restructuring intervention process, and found that self-acceptance, goal resetting and cognitive restructuring of challenging states were the key intervention points to promote the enhancement of positive emotions. The article concludes with recommendations for the extension of the intervention based on its effectiveness, aiming to provide scientific intervention tools and practical guidance for the field of mental health education in colleges and universities, which can help optimise the psychological development environment of college students and promote the formation of positive attitudes towards mental health and career planning.
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety levels and poor sleep quality among family caregivers of psychiatric patients, based on the history of sharp object injuries (SOI) inflicted by the patients.
Design A case-control study.
Setting and data The data were collected through face-to-face interviews with family caregivers of patients at the Bitlis Province Community Mental Health Center and Bitlis State Hospital Psychiatry Service between December 2021 and May 2022.
Participants A total of 111 family caregivers participated in the study.
Outcome measures The sleep quality of family caregivers was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while anxiety levels were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
Results Among family caregivers, 52.3% had poor sleep quality, 24.3% experienced moderate anxiety and 31.5% experienced severe anxiety. An increase of one point on the anxiety scale (measured by BAI) raised the odds of poor sleep by 14%. The anxiety-poor sleep relationship was stronger in SOI-exposed caregivers (r=0.699) than in non-exposed ones (r=0.607). When age was controlled, the relationship strengthened among SOI-exposed individuals (r=0.722) but remained unchanged for non-exposed ones (r=0.608).
Conclusions This study shows that each point increase on the anxiety scale is associated with a 14% increase in the odds of poor sleep among family caregivers of psychiatric patients. The relationship between anxiety level and poor sleep quality was further elevated among individuals exposed to SOI. Providing family caregivers of psychiatric patients, especially those exposed to SOI, with coping strategies and sleep hygiene training can improve their anxiety and sleep quality and assist in managing the care process.
Pets are often an integral part of the family structure, with many people viewing their pets as children and thinking of themselves as “pet parents”. Pets have been shown to provide an array of psychological and physical health benefits, but some research suggests that the effects of pet ownership are more nuanced than once thought. One common negative aspect of pet ownership is guilt. Drawing from research pertaining to the transition to siblinghood, this study explored pet owner guilt as a result of adding a child to a dog-owning family. It also measured changes in dogs’ behaviors and their impact on owners’ depression and anxiety levels. Results suggest that many parents feel dog-related guilt and struggle with the resultant changes in household dynamics with the arrival of a child. Suggestions to help improve the chances of a successful transition include awareness, preparation, and self-compassion. Planning and preparing can help minimize negative dog behaviors and, as a result, levels of parental depression and anxiety. Parents are encouraged to help their dogs succeed by taking the time to prepare beforehand, thereby minimizing their own guilt and decreasing the potential of a severed human–dog bond.
Background: Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) syndrome, leading to severe psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, cardiac defects and undergrowth, affects the unborn children of mothers with PKU with insufficient metabolic control during pregnancy. To improve long-term outcomes, a specific prevention program was developed. Methods: We designed a group training program for young women with PKU (>14 years) and their partners. Knowledge regarding PKU therapy and pregnancy was evaluated by a specifically developed multiple-choice questionnaire. In addition, scores of anxiety and depression were evaluated. Results: Patients (n = 20) and their partners (n = 13) significantly improved their knowledge after participation (correct answers: patients—86% vs. 90%, p = 0.003; partners—78% vs. 89%, p = 0.012). Females significantly improved their knowledge about diet (90% vs. 100%, p = 0.035) and metabolism (91% vs. 100%, p = 0.016), but not concerning gynecological topics. Patients’ median depression scores were within the normative range, with a slight decrease over time (6 points vs. 4 points, p = 0.836). Patients’ anxiety score remained stable over time (5.5 vs. 5, p = 0.247). Of trained mothers with PKU, four pregnancies with ideal metabolic control and healthy offspring could be observed. Conclusion: We suggest the inclusion of specific training programs in the standard care of female young adults with PKU, including for their partners.
Objectives:
We explored whether depression and anxiety moderated the association of ethnicity and neurocognitive functioning among a sample of Hispanic and non-Hispanic White rural aging adults.
Method:
1,462 rural dwelling adults (Mage = 59.4 years, SDage = 12.12) were included in the analysis for this study.
Results:
MANCOVAs revealed a significant (ps < .001) multivariate effect of ethnicity on all five indices of neurocognitive functioning when controlling for anxiety and sociodemographic variables (V = .20, F(5,1,310) = 64.69) and depression and sociodemographic variables in the second model (V = .20, F(5,1310) = 65.80, p < .001). There was also a multivariate effect of anxiety (V = .02, F(5,1310) = 4.57, p < .001) and depression (V = .04, F(5, 1310) = 11.38, p < .001) on neurocognitive functioning when controlling for sociodemographic variables and ethnicity.
Conclusion:
Findings revealed that Hispanic rural aging adults scored lower on neurocognitive functioning compared to non-Hispanic White rural aging adults, irrespective of depression or anxiety. Depression and anxiety contributed to lower scores on neurocognitive functioning-yet this finding was not as robust. Culturally tailored interventions targeting risk factors for neurocognitive impairment in Hispanic rural aging adults are imperative to mitigate neurocognitive disparities. One possible reason for differences in neurocognitive functioning between Hispanic individuals and non-Hispanic individuals is stress as ethnic health disparities have been found to be shaped by a diverse range of lifetime stressors that are disproportionally exacerbated for ethnic minorities.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) below-level neuropathic pain is a difficult condition to treat both pharmacologically and surgically. Successful treatment using surgically created lesions of the spinal cord dorsal root entry zone (DREZ), guided by intramedullary monitoring of neuronal electrical hyperactivity, has shown that DREZs both cephalad and caudal to the level of injury can be the primary generators of SCI below-level pain. Below-level pain perception follows a unique somatotopic map of DREZ pain generators, and neuronal transmission to brain pain centres can occur primarily through sympathetic nervous system (SNS) pathways. This study evaluated changes in brain resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging responses before and after neuroelectrically guided DREZ microcoagulation surgery. Eight persons with clinically complete SCI who suffered chronic, severe and unrelenting below-level neuropathic pain refractory to all pharmacological management were investigated before and after the surgical intervention. Baseline differences between DREZ subjects, group-matched low pain SCI and healthy controls were observed in medial primary somatosensory and motor cortex connectivity to the hippocampus, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. The DREZ surgery led to short-term (12 days) almost complete pain relief in all participants and long-term (1+ year) pain relief in all participants receiving DREZ lesioning both cephalad and caudal to the level of injury (six out of eight participants). Follow-up 12 days post-operatively indicated that DREZ surgery normalized prior negative functional coupling between primary sensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices to the hippocampus, amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex, increased M1 to putamen and amygdala connectivity and decreased limbic to cerebellar connectivity. DREZ hyperactivity was found both cephalad and caudal to the level of injury. The regional distribution of hyperactive regions corresponded not to classical dermatomes but rather mapped on to intermediolateral (IML) cell column end organ innervation of body regions of below-level pain perception, consistent with a non-classical SNS-mediated somatotopic map of DREZ below-level pain generators. The results indicate that neuroelectrically guided DREZ microcoagulation alters a medial prefrontal–somatosensory–limbic network that is separate from classical pain pathways. This provides further evidence that below-level SCI pain originates in hyperactive DREZs and can be relayed to the brain via the SNS.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the role of a child’s behavioral inhibition in mediating the relationship between parental anxiety and childhood anxiety in the Malaysian context. Participants were 92 parents (father = 23, mother = 69) of young children aged four to six years old. They completed three measures which were The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), The Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) and Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ). Results indicated that there was a correlation between; (i) parental anxiety and child anxiety; and (ii) child’s behavioral inhibition and child anxiety, which supported our hypothesis. However, our findings did not provide support for the hypothesis that a child’s behavioral inhibition plays a mediating role in the association between parental anxiety and childhood anxiety. Although this study does not illuminate the mediating role of a child’s behavioral inhibition, our results still provided a groundwork for the development of a specific early intervention program for young children in Malaysia with childhood anxiety symptoms, with the inclusion of precursors of the presence of parental anxiety and child’s behavioral inhibition. Future improvements should focus on recruiting a larger sample size and incorporating the feedback from both father and mother in completing the measures.
Os transtornos de ansiedade são condições de saúde mental caracterizadas por preocupações excessivas, medo e nervosismo persistentes, que podem prejudicar significativamente a qualidade de vida. Afetando milhões de pessoas no mundo, esses transtornos englobam diferentes manifestações, como transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, transtorno de pânico e fobias específicas. Suas causas são multifatoriais, envolvendo interações complexas entre predisposições genéticas, experiências de vida e fatores neurobiológicos. O impacto emocional e funcional pode ser devastador, destacando a importância de diagnósticos precisos e tratamentos eficazes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre transtornos de ansiedade, destacando as causas, sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento. Essa revisão foi realizada por meio de publicações científicas encontradas nos seguintes bancos de dados: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Public Medline (PubMed), Portal de Periódicos CAPES e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram também consultados os sites oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e a literatura cinzenta. Os transtornos de ansiedade representam um desafio significativo para a saúde mental, impactando milhões de pessoas globalmente. A pesquisa destaca a importância do diagnóstico precoce, do tratamento individualizado e da conscientização para reduzir o estigma associado. Apesar das limitações, como amostras restritas e métodos variados, os resultados fornecem uma base sólida para avanços acadêmicos e clínicos. Recomenda-se expandir estudos com amostras diversificadas, abordagens longitudinais e terapias inovadoras. Promover uma compreensão mais abrangente dos transtornos e investir em estratégias integradas pode melhorar o manejo, beneficiar os pacientes e fortalecer as intervenções tanto no campo da pesquisa quanto na prática clínica.
Bu çalışmanın amacı Adleryan Temelli Sanat Terapi Programının bireylerin yetersizlik duygusu, benlik saygısı ve anksiyete düzeylerine etkisini incelemektir. Bu araştırmanın etik ilkelere uygunluğu İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’nun 2023/9 sayılı kararıyla onaylanmıştır. Çalışmada deney grubu ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere iki ayrı grup oluşturulmuştur. Deney grubuna Adleryan Temelli Sanat Terapisi Programı uygulanmıştır. İkinci grup olan kontrol grubu herhangi bir işleme tabi tutulmamıştır. Psikoloji bölümünde eğitim görmekte olan üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri çalışma örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Deney grubunda 13, kontrol grubunda ise 15 katılımcı yer almıştır. Araştırmada katılımcılara çalışma başlamadan önce ve sekiz haftanın sonunda Yetersizlik Duygusu Ölçeği, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ve Beck Anksiyete uygulanmıştır. Çalışma grubuna sekiz oturumluk Adleryan Temelli Sanat Terapi Programı uygulanmıştır. Veri analizinde bağlantılı ölçümler için Mann-Whitney U testi, bağlantısız ölçümler için Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularından elde edilen sonuçlar, uygulanan programın deney grubundaki bireylerin yetersizlik duygusu ve benlik saygısı üzerinde etkili olduğunu, ancak anksiyete düzeyleri üzerinde etkili olmadığını göstermiştir. Kontrol grubunda yer alan bireylerin ölçümlerinde anlamlı bir değişim görülmemiştir. Deney grubu ile kontrol grubundaki bireylerin yetersizlik duygusu ve benlik saygısı son-test düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farkın olduğu, anksiyete son-test puanları açısından ise anlamlı bir farkın olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Purpose
Previous research points to a complex relation between social media use and mental health, with open questions remaining with respect to mediation pathways and potential sociodemographic moderators. The present research investigated the extent to which experiences of cyberbullying victimization mediate the link between greater social media use and poorer mental health in adults and whether such indirect effects are moderated by gender or age.
Participants and Methods
As part of a larger study, US adults (N = 502) completed an online survey that included measures of degree of social media use, cyberbullying victimization, depression, anxiety, substance use, and sociodemographic characteristics including gender and age.
Results
A series of moderated mediation models revealed a robust indirect effect of cyberbullying victimization on the relation between degree of social media use and mental health, such that greater social media use was associated with higher levels of cyberbullying victimization and greater cyberbullying victimization was associated with increased depression, anxiety, and likelihood of substance use. There was no evidence that the mediation effects varied between men and women. Age did, however, moderate the mediation effects for anxiety and likelihood of substance use, with stronger mediation effects emerging for younger compared to older adults.
Conclusion
Our findings underscore the importance of empirical investigations that shed a more nuanced light on the complex relation between social media and mental health.
Objective
Research has demonstrated that over-reporting and under-reporting, when detected by the MMPI-2/-RF Validity Scales, generalize to responses to other self-report measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the same is true for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3 (MMPI-3) Validity Scales. We examined the generalizability of over-reporting and under-reporting detected by MMPI-3 Validity Scales to extra-test self-report, performance-based, and performance validity measures.
Method
The sample included 665 majority White, male disability claimants who, in addition to the MMPI-3, were administered several self-report measures, some with embedded symptom validity tests (SVTs), performance-based measures, and performance validity tests (PVTs). Three groups were identified based on MMPI-3 Validity Scale scores as over-reporting (n = 276), under-reporting (n = 100), or scoring within normal limits (WNL; n = 289).
Results
Over-reporting on the MMPI-3 generalized to symptom over-reporting on concurrently administered self-report measures of psychopathology and was associated with evidence of over-reporting from other embedded SVTs. It was also associated with poorer performance on concurrently administered measures of cognitive functioning and PVTs. Under-reporting on the MMPI-3 generalized to symptom minimization on collateral measures of psychopathology. On measures of cognitive functioning, we found no differences between the under-reporting and WNL groups, except for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test–64 Card Version and Wide Range Achievement Test–Fifth Edition (each with negligible effect sizes).
Conclusions
MMPI-3 Validity Scales can identify possible over- and under-reporting on concurrently administered measures. This can be of particular value when such measures lack validity indicators.
It is known that disasters can have long-term effects on the mental health of individuals. In particular, healthcare workers may be under greater stress in a time of disaster, as they are not only affected by the disaster, but they also take part in rescue efforts. This study was conducted to investigate the psychological effects of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on healthcare workers employed at the Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital. The sample in the cross-sectional study consisted of 299 healthcare personnel working in the Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital. The study data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of five sections. The data were analysed using SPSS 22 software. It was found that among healthcare workers, those who were women, married, individuals whose homes were damaged, injured, or lost a relative in the earthquake had experienced mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality the most. The earthquakes that occurred on 6 February negatively affected the mental health of healthcare workers. In order to reduce these negative effects experienced by healthcare workers, various types of mental health screening should be performed, and supportive psychological services should be provided urgently.
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of preoperative surgical fear levels on postoperative anxiety and mobilization status in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The population of the descriptive study consisted of patients who would undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the surgical department of a training and research hospital between August 2023 and February 2024, and the study sample consisted of 125 patients. The İntroductory İnformation Form, the Surgical Fear Scale, the Beck Anxiety Scale, and the Patient Mobility Scale were used to collect data. Ethics committee and institutional approval were obtained prior to the study. The findings obtained in the study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26 program (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). It was found that the mean score of the patients who participated in the study was 19.9 ± 17.85 on the Surgical Fear Scale and their short-term anxiety scores on the subscale of the Surgical Fear Scale were higher than their long-term anxiety scores. The mean score of the Beck Anxiety Scale was 7.08 ± 8.04; the mean total Patient Mobility Score was found to be 71.86 ± 18.33. It was found that age and gender influenced the anxiety level of the patients. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between patients’ anxiety before surgery and the anxiety, pain, and difficulty they experience during mobilization. Based on this finding, it was found that as patients’ anxiety before surgery increases, their anxiety level and the pain and difficulty they experience during mobilization also increase. It was found that as patients’ anxiety increased, so did the pain and difficulty they experienced during mobilization.
Background
Residual symptoms in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) in remission are common, and they contribute to significant functional impairment and distress. The incomplete efficacy of pharmacological treatments and improvements in psychotherapeutic approaches has led to renewed interest in psychotherapy for this disorder. However, there are fewer studies addressing the same.
Aim
The study aims to examine brief CBT (cognitive behavior therapy) in addressing the residual symptoms in BD.
Method
A two-group randomized control design with multiple assessments (pre, post, and 3-month follow-up) was adopted. The sample consisted of 30 patients each in the intervention and Treatment As Usual (TAU) groups selected from the outpatient services of a tertiary mental health hospital. The variables studied were interepisodic symtpoms, functioning, and adherence to treatment using the tools of Beck Depression Inventory-II, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group received a brief integrated CBT of 8–10 sessions conducted weekly over 2–3 months. The TAU group received treatment as usual and brief weekly telephonic contact.
Results
A significant difference was seen across the time points between the groups on all the variables. Significant changes in within group scores was noted in the intervention group on depressive and anxiety symptoms, medication adherence, and dysfunctional attitudes compared to the TAU group. However, there was no significant change in the functioning in both the groups. Larger within group effect sizes for anxiety, dysfunctional attitudes and emotion regulation, medium effect sizes for depression, and quality of life and small effect sizes for manic symptoms and medication adherence were found in the intervention group. Depression severity had a significant moderating effect on therapy outcomes.
Conclusion
The study shows effectiveness of brief CBT in reducing residual symptoms in the patients with BD. A longer-term follow-up would validate the findings.
Introduction
Previous research has indicated that internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can reduce pain during intercourse and increase pain acceptance in individuals with provoked vulvodynia, but the factors associated with treatment outcomes remain unknown.
Aim
This study aimed to investigate factors associated with changes in pain acceptance following an internet treatment based on ACT.
Methods
This exploratory study used data from the EMBLA study, a multicenter randomized controlled trial that investigated the effects of internet-based ACT for provoked vulvodynia. The examined factors included sociodemographics, medical history, pain and sexual behavior, and psychosocial characteristics. Linear regression analysis was employed to assess the association of these factors with pain acceptance, including interaction effects. Results were adjusted for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction.
Outcomes
The outcome measure was pain acceptance assessed on the scale Chronic Pain Questionnaire–Revised, which comprises two sub-scales: activity engagement and pain willingness.
Results
Before adjustment, greater improvement in overall pain acceptance and the subscale activity engagement was seen participants in the intervention group who had a history of physical violence or sexual assault. Increased time spent on the treatment platform per week was also associated with greater improvement in pain acceptance. Participants who reported gastrointestinal problems before the internet-based treatment showed better treatment outcomes in activity engagement. Previous contact with a psychologist or counselor was associated with less improvement in activity engagement. The intervention was less effective on the subscale pain willingness with increased age and for those reporting urinary problems. No associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for multiple testing.
Clinical implications
Previous exposure to violence and sexual assault, concomitant gastrointestinal or urinary problems, and adherence to treatment should be further investigated in larger studies on factors associated with treatment outcomes after internet treatment based on ACT, especially regarding pain.
Strengths and limitations
This was a novel and exploratory study and provides information for researchers in future investigations of how individual characteristics may influence treatment outcomes. A range of variables were explored in the models, underscoring the importance of future studies to strengthen the findings. One limitation concerns the sample size, which was fairly small considering the nature of the study.
Conclusion
After correcting for multiple testing, no factors were found to be statistically associated with changes in pain acceptance after the treatment.
Sleep is essential for the optimal consolidation of newly acquired memories. This study examines the neurophysiological processes underlying memory consolidation during sleep, via reactivation. Here, we investigated the impact of slow wave - spindle (SW-SP) coupling on regionally-task-specific brain reactivations following motor sequence learning. Utilizing simultaneous EEG-fMRI during sleep, our findings revealed that memory reactivation occured time-locked to coupled SW-SP complexes, and specifically in areas critical for motor sequence learning. Notably, these reactivations were confined to the hemisphere actively involved in learning the task. This regional specificity highlights a precise and targeted neural mechanism, underscoring the crucial role of SW-SP coupling. In addition, we observed double-dissociation whereby primary sensory areas were recruited time-locked to uncoupled spindles; suggesting a role for uncoupled spindles in sleep maintenance. These findings advance our understanding the functional significance of SW-SP coupling for enhancing memory in a regionally-specific manner, that is functionally dissociable from uncoupled spindles.
Background
While evidence of efficacy, safety, and technical feasibility is crucial when introducing a vaccine, it is equally important to consider the psychological, social, and political factors influencing vaccine acceptance. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Tehran, Iran.
Methods
The study employed a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional design carried out from 2021 to 2022. It involved 260 eligible individuals residing in the catchment areas of Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences who declined to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, selected through systematic sampling. Data collection was accomplished through a researcher-developed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 26 software. The analysis utilized descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests including Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Multiple Linear Regression, to examine the relationships between variables.
Results
The average scores (SD) across dimensions were as follows: the individual’s health status and perceived risk, 15.53 (1.70); contextual and social effects, 17.68 (2.53); awareness, 14.81 (2.34); and beliefs and concerns. 14.91 (2.64), indicating a concerning situation regarding contextual and social impacts and a moderate status as to other areas. The primary reasons for vaccine refusal included fear, lack of belief in the vaccine, concerns about its reliability, illness, and lack of access or time. Acceptance of the vaccine was associated with education, occupation, marital status, number of children at home, and income reduction due to COVID-19.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that fear, lack of belief in the vaccine, concerns regarding its reliability, illness, and lack of access or time were the most important factors influencing reluctance to receive the vaccine. Health organizations should consider these factors when encouraging the population to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
p>Research suggests that Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is related to the severity of suffering in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). However, its role in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) has not been extensively studied. This study examines IU in a clinical sample of 248 individuals referred to a tertiary care clinic. Few individuals had a diagnosis of pure SAD or pure GAD, but we examined differences of IU scores by diagnostic category. We further examined the relationships between IU scores, social anxiety scores, and worry through a structural equation model. We found that diagnostic category (SAD versus GAD) accounted for little variability in IU scores, but IU scores were strongly related to symptoms of both GAD and SAD. Results highlight that IU is related to both social anxiety and worry; however aspects of IU associated with being unable to act or avoiding uncertainty are more strongly associated with SAD symptoms, whereas aspects of IU more associated with general stress and perceiving uncertainty as unfair are more strongly associated with GAD symptoms. Our results suggest that IU is an important concept for both social anxiety and generalized anxiety, however the relationship between IU and symptoms of these disorders manifests differently.</p
Objectives
Self‐compassion is a positive psychological factor linked to improved physical and psychological outcomes across different chronic illness populations. However, the extent to which self‐compassion contributes to reduced distress across different conditions or as a function of participant factors is not clear. The current meta‐analysis aimed to quantify the association between self‐compassion and psychological distress in different chronic illness populations and evaluate the factors that moderate this association.
Methods
A systematic search of three electronic databases identified research reporting associations between self‐compassion and psychological distress in chronic illness. A random effects meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between self‐compassion and psychological distress. Moderator analyses were conducted for sample characteristics and distress types. A bespoke tool evaluated study quality.
Results
Searches yielded 51 eligible studies with 57 effect sizes. Meta‐analysis revealed that self‐compassion was negatively associated with psychological distress ( r = −.516; 95% CIs [−.55, −.48]; p = .000). Moderator analyses were significant for distress type and chronic illness group, with effects being largest for stress and neurological conditions. Effects did not vary by sex, age or illness duration.
Conclusions
Findings from this first comprehensive investigation of the link between self‐compassion and distress in chronic illness highlight the protective role of self‐compassion for chronic illness populations. These results lay the foundation for further research into understanding the processes that link self‐compassion to lower psychological distress, and that examine the effectiveness of self‐compassion interventions in chronic illness populations, to further advance knowledge and inform practice in this area.
Background: Working mothers suffer from extra mental stress due to double burden in workplace and child rearing. Some of the working mothers use child day care center and some working mothers use home setting for child care during their working hours to reduce their mental stress. This study was designed to assess the association between anxiety among working mothers using child day care versus child stay at home setting in selected areas. Material And Methods: This study is based on Quantitative research approach. Descriptive survey design conducted among 100working mothers of whom 50 were child day care users and 50 were using home setting . The pilot study was conducted on 12 samples. Data were collected by face to face interview by using Self - Administered questionnaire of Demographic variables and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. To compute the data, a master data sheet was prepared by the investigator. The collected data was analyzed in terms of frequency, mean, percentage, standard deviation, 't' test and chi square. All ethical issues were maintained strictly in different stages of the study and informed written consent was taken from each individual. Results: Majority of the subjects 26% were having 19 to 24 and above 36 years of age, 25% having 31 to 35 years of age and 23% having 25 to 30 years of age. Average monthly family income of the subjects 77% were having above 30001 incomes, 14% having 20001 – 30000 incomes, 7% were having 10001 – 20000 income and 2% were having below 10000 incomes. Majority of the subjects 66% having nuclear family, 28% having joint family and 6% having extended family. Majority of the subjects 89% were married, 5% were divorced, 4% were separated and 2% were widow. Mothers had signicantly higher anxiety who had maid servant .Majority 78% of subjects in had low level of anxiety score, 18% in had moderate level of anxiety score and 4% in had potentially concerning level of anxiety score using child stay at home setting. Mean and SD of anxiety score was 14.96 + 9.308. Majority 88% of subjects in had low level of anxiety score, 12% in had moderate level of anxiety score and 0% in had potentially concerning level of anxiety score using child care setting .Mean and SD of anxiety score was 10.86 + 6.363. Chance of having low anxiety in mothers who were using child day care than mothers who were using home care setting. Conclusion: Working mothers using child stay at home setting had high level of anxiety than working mothers using child day care. Child day care center should be established with every organization to reduce the anxiety of working mothers.
This study investigates the psychological impacts faced by students during their academic studies. Based on an analysis of 21 students, the study examined their levels of stress, anxiety, and signs of depression. The results reveal a variety of emotional and mental issues faced by these students, including high levels of stress, severe anxiety, and moderate depression. This article discusses the possible causes of these impacts, such as the academic environment, social expectations, and curriculum demands. In addition, the collected data are examined to understand the negative effects and their implications for the well-being and mental health of students, finding significant results, with 62% of the sample presenting anxiety, 86% very high stress, and 14% severe depression, along with 38% of the sample presenting moderate depression.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between uremic toxins, inflammation, depression and anxiety among hemodialysis patients in Montenegro.
Method
The cross-sectional study included 88 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The standard laboratory methods were used to measure uremic toxins and systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR)).
Results
Clinically significant depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and anxiety (BAI ≥16) were found in 55.7% and 27.2%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses revealed that serum urea, beta 2-microglobulin (B2M), and systemic inflammation (CRP, NLR, PLR) were significantly and independently associated with depressive symptoms, whereas serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, B2M, and systemic inflammation (CRP nad NLR) were associated with anxiety symptoms.
Conclusions
Depressive symptoms and anxiety are common among hemodialysis patients in Montenegro, and are associated with increased levels of systematic inflammation, serum urea, and beta 2-microglobulin.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.