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Heterogeneous mass transfer in HRE in the presence of electrostatic field research
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2017 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 789 012042
(http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/789/1/012042)
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Heterogeneous mass transfer in HRE in the presence of
electrostatic field research
S M Reshetnikov, I A Zyryanov, A G Budin, A P Pozolotin
Department of Engineering Physics ,610000, Kirov, Moskowskaya Street, 36, Russia
E-mail: b185@mail.ru
Abstract. The paper presents research results of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) combustion
in a hybrid rocket engine (HRE) under the influence of an electrostatic field. It is shown that
the main mechanism of electrostatic field influence on the combustion rate is process changes
in the condensed phase.
Hybrid rocket engine (HRE) is a chemical rocket engine, in which fuel and oxidant are in various
aggregate states.In these engines, the combustion process is realized in the channel of the solid
component through which a liquid or gaseous componentflows.The channel profile, as well as the fuel
couple is selected based on the assigned task.
Burning rate of condensed substances is limited by the heterogeneous heat and mass transfer
processes. Combustion control can be achieved by impact on flame and fuel.
During combustion the main source of heat is a flame.The flame is a dusty plasma, in which the
charged particles are formed mainly as a result of chemi-ionization process. The excess charges in the
flame accumulates due to the interaction of the charges with the dispersed particles (soot particles,
droplets and particles of fuel, incombustible impurities) [1,2].The presence of dusty plasma in the
combustion zone makes it possible to control the heat transfer by means of an electrostatic field.As
noted in the papers [3-4] the impact of the field on the flame leads to changes in the position of the
flame, turbulence in the combustion zone, the combustion temperature, etc.On the other hand, electric
field can affect the properties of condensed fuel [5].The presence of electrostatic field in the HRE
combustion chamber leads to combustion rateand thrust increase [6], however, processes responsible
for this increaseremain unclear.
Proceeding from the above, to determine the cause of combustion rate changes, the task of the
present paper isresearching of the HRE solid component combustion rate in the presence of an
electrostatic field.
1
International Conference on Recent Trends in Physics 2016 (ICRTP2016) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 755 (2016) 011001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
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IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 789(2017) 012042 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/789/1/012042
Figure 1.HRE schemes: a) the center electrode in a quartz insulation; b) the central electrode
is covered with fuel.1 - the central electrode, 2 - external electrode 3 - the fuel block 4 - fuel block
covering the central electrode, 5 - quartz insulation.
Experiments were carried out with two types of HRE, combustion chambers schematic diagrams
of which are shown in Fig. 1. Combustion chamber of the first engine (Fig.1a) is a cylindrical channel
extending along the fuel a block of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with initial diameter of 20 mm
and length of 200 mm.The electrostatic field is generated between the central electrode located on the
channel axis and a grid wrapped around the fuel block. In the second engine (Fig. 1b) the combustion
chamber is formed by a PMMA tube with inner diameter of 22 mm and coaxially disposed PMMA rod
with diameter of 12 mm. Combustion occur in the gap between the inner rod and the tube wall.The
length of the combustion chamber is 50 mm. The first electrode is located inside the central axial fuel
block and the second electrode is disposed around external fuel layer.As an oxidizer in the
experimentsgaseous oxygen is used.Detailed description of the installation and the experimental
procedure is given in [6].
Author’s research conducted previously [6] shows that the combustion laws in the engine shown
in (Fig. 1a) with a potential difference between the electrodes of 0, 3 and 5 kV are the following:
57,0
)(029.0
U
for 0 kV,
56,0
)(033.0
U
for 3 kV, and
56,0
)(038.0
U
for 5 kV. Here
U
is a linear combustion rate of the polymer,mm/s,
is an oxidant density, kg/m3,
is an oxidant
velocity, m/s.
The exponent in the combustion law remains constant within the error. The relative change in the
linear combustion rate under the influence of an electrostatic field will be determined by the
coefficients before
ratio.
Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the relative combustion rate U/U0 on the potential difference
between the electrodes, where U and U0 - linear fuel combustion rate in the field and without the field,
respectively.The measurements were performed with a fixed oxidizer flow rate.According to the
presented results it can be seen that with the potential difference increasing a linear combustion rate
increasing is observed.
Figure 2.Dependence of the relative combustion rate against potential difference.
To detect the dominant mechanism of the field influence on the solid fuel block
combustion rate experiments with the coaxial scheme engine were performed.In this
experiments the electrode polarity is changed.The results are shown in Table 1, where
is an oxidant flow, kg/m2s, U is a linear combustion rate, mm/s, Δφis a potential
difference, kV.
2
LTP2016 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 789(2017) 012042 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/789/1/012042
Table 1.Experimental results.
ρν,
kg/m2s
Δφ, kV
the
central
electrode
sign
U,
mm/s,
inner
block
U,
mm/s,
external
block
0
0,11
0,106
8
5
+
0,189
0,132
5
-
0,185
0,138
0
0,142
0,137
10
5
+
0,199
0,158
5
-
0,205
0,161
The measurement results show that in the electrostatic field absence linear combustion rates of
the central and external fuelblock are the same within error.The field presence leads to the linear
combustion rateincreasing.A significant difference in the inner andexternalblock combustion rate is
caused by the inhomogeneity of the electrostatic field.It was found that the direction of the field does
not matter.
These results indicate that changes in the combustion rate are determined by the potential
difference between the electrodes (Fig. 2). This may be caused by the influence on the gas or
condensed phase.On the other hand, the polarity of the electrodes has no effect on the resulting
combustion rate changing: for the external and inner fuel blocks inpresence of the field combustion
rate increase remains unchanged with the polarity of both variants (Table 1).This allows to conclude
that the effect of "ionic wind", which is usually seen as the main mechanism of combustion parameters
changing in the electric field, is not dominant.Therefore, combustion rate increasing occurs due to the
processes in the condensed phase.
Thus, in the paper the results of PMMA combustion rate in the HRE experimental study are
presented.It is shown that the change of combustion rate in the electrostatic field is determined by the
potential difference between the electrodes. It is concluded that the result of the field influence on the
combustion ratechanges is determined by the processes in the condensed phase.
References:
[1] Reshetnikov SM, Zyryanov IA, Pozolotin A P, Budin AG, The distribution of excess charges in
the diffusion flame of hydrocarbons,Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2016. V. 669. P.
4.
[2] Dautov GU, SabitovShR, Fairushin II, Research Potential Distribution And Concentration Of
Electrons In Dusty Plasma, Kazan, Messenger of Kazan National ResearchTechnikal
University named after A N Tupolev, 2007, V.1, P.29-32.
[3] VolkovEN, SepmanAV, KornilovV N, KonnovAA, ShoshinY S, de GoeyLP H, In Proceedings
of the European Combustion Meeting, 2009, P.1-6.
[4] Tretyakov P K, Tupikin A V, Zudov V N, Effect of laser radiation and electric field on
combustion of hydrocarbon-air mixtures,Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2009,
V.45, № 4, P. 413-420.
[5] Tao R.,HuangK, TangH, BellD,Electrorheologyleads of efficient combustion, Energy & Fuels,
2008, V.22, P.3785-3788.
[6] ReshetnikovS M, ZyryanovIA, PozolotinA P, BudinA G, Electrostatic field influence on the
combustion rate in hybrid rocket. Kazan, Vestnik of the Kazan State Technical University,
2015, V.71, P. 52-57.
3
LTP2016 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 789(2017) 012042 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/789/1/012042
