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Metallogenic regularities and resources potential of the iron deposits in Anshan-Benxi area, Liaoning Province
... Iron ore is a superior mineral resource in Liaoning province, with the reserves of 12.333 billion ton, accounting for about 25% of the country (Teng, 2013), ranking first in the country ( Zhang et al., 2012), which is mainly distributed in the Anshan-Benxi area, mainly lean ore, more open-pit mining. Iron ore mining has made a great contribution to the regional economic development (Wilson, 2012), however, it has caused a great impact on the regional ecological environment, such as causing land subsidence, vegetation destruction, air and water pollution (Zhang, 2009;Cui, 2013). ...
Overexploitation of iron mining in China has caused serious environmental pollution. Therefore, establishing a stable ecological restoration with vegetation in mining areas has gradually aroused people's awareness and obtained extensive concerns. This study aimed to evaluate vegetation restoration with Robinia pseudoacacia (RP), Acer mono (AM) and Pinus koraiensis (PK) in iron mining compared with unrestored area, to investigate the soil environment factors and microbial communities, and to better understand the correlations between soil environment factors and soil microbial communities. Vegetation restoration could reduce soil pH and alleviate soil alkaline, and remarkably increase soil nutrients, especially in RP site. Analysis of 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences provided a total of 645,004 and 906, 276 valid sequences clustered into 7091 OTUs and 1689 OTUs at a 0.03 genetic distance for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The predominant bacterial and fungal phyla were Actinobacteria and Ascomycota in studied sites, respectively. Additionally, revegetation significantly increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes and Patescibacteria, and decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Robinia pseudoacacia harbored the highest soil fungal community diversity, and bacterial Simpson index and Shannon index. Vegetation restoration with RP could clearly shifted soil communities compared to AM and PK. Along with the restoration of vegetation, the remarkable abiotic changes were the accumulation of total C, total N, total P, available P, available N and available K and the decreasing of soil pH, which were the most important factors affecting soil microbial communities. Our results addressed that Robinia pseudoacacia was the best preferable species than AM and PK in improving soil nutrients, soil community diversity and structure in Fe mining, providing a helpful guideline for selection of tree species.
... BIFs in the Anshan area occur in the Anshan Group, and have the following characteristics: huge reserves of iron ore; iron minerals dominated by oxide with minor silicate or carbonate ore; stratiform or irregular orebody; and a general close association with meta-basalt and meta-sediment owing to amphibolite facies metamorphism . The Qidashan and No.2 mining area of Gongchangling iron deposits are giant and large iron deposits in this area, respectively (Zheng et al., 2012). ...
The petrography, as well as major and trace element (including rare earth element) compositions of plagioclase amphibolites and schists from the Anshan Group in the Qidashan and Gongchangling iron deposits, the western Liaoning Province, have been investigated to determine protolith nature, provenance and tectonic setting. The geochemical analysis has revealed that protoliths of the plagioclase amphibolite and schist could be basic volcanic rock and mudstone/siltstone, respectively. Based on the results of protolith reconstruction, metapelites (namely, the schists) have been used to evaluate their provenance and weathering history. The metapelites can be divided into two groups based on the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) values, but both groups were sourced from an active tectonic setting. Zr/Sc and Th/Sc ratios illustrate that the metapelites, which display no significant sediment recycling, might be the first-cycle erosion products. Various discrimination diagrams for sedimentary provenance show that the metapelites predominantly derived from the mixed felsic and basic sources. The geochemical characteristics and discrimination diagrams of plagioclase amphibolites and schists demonstrate that the Qidashan and Gongchangling iron deposits might be formed in an Archean active tectonic setting related to subduction of an oceanic slab.
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