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Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony
... Nevertheless, when CSR strategies are harmonized with shareholders' long-term objectives and bolster an organization's reputation and stakeholder trust, they can positively influence financial outcomes by mitigating perceived risks and augmenting market attraction for the company's products and services. Meyer and Rowan's (1977) seminal theory posits that organizations endeavour to secure legitimacy with stakeholders through the adoption of CSR practices, which, in turn, can impact their financial outcomes in multifaceted patterns. Foremost, by aligning with escalating societal expectations of ethical conduct, companies can fortify their brand identity and enhance their reputation, thereby fostering increased customer loyalty and attracting toptier talent. ...
... Institutional theory, pioneered by Meyer and Rowan (1977) suggests profound wisdom in organizational dynamics within the field of sociology. The early thoughts underscore the effect of external institutional pressures on organizational behaviours. ...
... The theoretical framework posits that organizations embrace CSR practices not merely to satisfy the expectations of stakeholders, ranging from consumers to investors and regulators, but also to solidify their social legitimacy and enhance their reputation. Such legitimization, in turn, can yield substantial long-term financial benefits by mitigating social and environmental risks, fortifying stakeholder relationships, and opening access to markets or financing opportunities attuned to social and environmental considerations (Aguinis & Glavas, 2012;DiMaggio & Powell, 1983;Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Meyer & Scott, 1983;Porter & Kramer, 2006;Scott, 2013). ...
This article embarks on an in-depth exploration of how corporate social responsibility (hereafter: CSR) shapes the financial performance (hereafter: FP) of Project-Oriented Organizations (hereafter: POOs) within Morocco's dynamic construction sector. By adopting a diligent quantitative research method, this research meticulously examined a diverse sample of 250 organizations through advanced correlation and multivariate linear regression techniques. The results illuminate a compelling and noteworthy favourable relationship between CSR initiatives and the FP, indicating that ethical business practices profoundly enhance economic outcomes. By focusing on the distinctive Moroccan landscape, the article sheds light on the remarkable challenges and opportunities faced by POOs, showing an understanding of the financial benefits of CSR. Acknowledging its limitations, the study suggests avenues for future research and perspectives founded on HSDG wisdom. It advocates the HESG framework by integrating a human-centric approach to encourage healthy, equitable and sustainable societal evolution. The study provides actionable recommendations for policymakers, business leaders, and scholars aiming at promoting sustainable economic growth and long-term societal well-being.
... Lee & Kim (2020) empirically established that citizens from wealthier Europeans nations displayed a higher level of cybersecurity preparedness, whereas Kim & Lee (2021) revealed that attributes of IR such as apologies and excuses differed between American and Korean organizations due to cultural differences. In recent studies, Rezazade Mehrizi et al. (2022) outlined conceptual models of OL, and Patterson et al. (2024) discussed OL from the Neo-Institutional perspective (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983;Meyer & Rowan, 1977). ...
... The institutional environment includes external pressures prompting organizations to conform for legitimacy (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). Our findings indicate organizational conformance to federal regulations in reporting cybersecurity incidents, reflecting regulatory compliance to meet regulatory pressures (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Patterson et al., 2024 Organizations also adhere to industry norms, known as normative pressures (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Patterson et al., 2024) ...
... The institutional environment includes external pressures prompting organizations to conform for legitimacy (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). Our findings indicate organizational conformance to federal regulations in reporting cybersecurity incidents, reflecting regulatory compliance to meet regulatory pressures (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Patterson et al., 2024 Organizations also adhere to industry norms, known as normative pressures (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Patterson et al., 2024) ...
Ransomware attacks and similar threats have become increasingly prevalent, often involving demands for ransom payments, sometimes repeated. This underscores the critical importance of organizational learning (OL) in protecting information assets. However, OL alone may not suffice to prevent cyberattacks exploiting zero-day capabilities. Thus, this research explores OL challenges and outcomes, examining notable past cybersecurity incidents in the United States. Through a timeline analysis, initial findings reveal two primary categories of OL challenges: pre-incident factors such as zero-day capabilities, and post-incident factors such as information asymmetry and an uneven playing field that favors cyber offense over defense. These challenges are identified as organizational tensions that serve as a negative force to OL. Building on these insights, the study proposes strategies to mitigate these tensions. In summary, this study contributes valuable insights into OL dynamics within a complex organizational context marked by intricate system dependencies.
... Lawrence and Buchanan (2017) detailed the role power plays in shaping the relationships between institutions and actors in two main parts: a) institutional control and b) institutional agency. Institutional control depicts the institutional impact on behaviors and beliefs for individual and organizational actors (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983;Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Tolbert & Zucker, 1983). Sharing similarities with Janowitz's (1975) social control (e.g., how society regulates itself based on desired principles or values), institutional control is concerned with how an institution can encourage, organize, and diminish particular forms of thought or action in an organizational field (Clegg et al., 2006). ...
... Sharing similarities with Janowitz's (1975) social control (e.g., how society regulates itself based on desired principles or values), institutional control is concerned with how an institution can encourage, organize, and diminish particular forms of thought or action in an organizational field (Clegg et al., 2006). In other words, institutional control attempts to regulate behavior among individuals through social and professional rules in addition to taken-for-granted assumptions (Dyck & Schroeder, 2005;Holm, 1995;Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Scott, 2001). Within context of studentathletes, institutional control would consist of the numerous NCAA policies impacting athletics as well as the general activities common across sport (e.g., conditioning, game preparation, etc.). ...
ABSTRACT
In the current study, I tested for links between National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athlete trait emotional intelligence (TEI), substance use behaviors (i.e., alcohol and marijuana use), and athletic coping resources. Current, Division I, II, and III NCAA Female (n = 71) and male (n = 20) student-athletes were sampled from 27 institutions across the United States. Hierarchical multiple regression models were constructed to test the incremental predictive validity of concurrent substance use behaviors as well as TEI and athletic coping resources beyond the variance accounted by gender and race. Results showed that concurrent cannabis use behaviors and TEI predicted alcohol use behaviors while controlling for participant gender and race. Athletic coping resources did not predict alcohol use behaviors as hypothesized. Concurrent alcohol use behaviors and athletic coping resources predicted cannabis use behaviors after applying the same controls. Trait emotional intelligence did not predict cannabis use behaviors as hypothesized. Results are discussed with respect to the role of individual differences in substance use behaviors amongst NCAA student-athletes. The direct effects of TEI on alcohol use behaviors and athletic coping resources on cannabis use behaviors could potentially benefit sport counselors and substance abuse preventionists work to treat alcohol and cannabis use disorder amongst student-athletes. Future research should test for causal inference using these models to better understand the roles of TEI and athletic coping resources on substance use behaviors amongst student-athletes.
... The role of ancillary organizations calls attention to the ways they may strengthen their connections to universities through legitimacy. Legitimacy, or "the perceived appropriateness of an organization to a social system in terms of rules, values, norms, and definitions" (Deephouse et al., 2017, p. 7), may be particularly important for ancillary organizations that rely upon superordinate organizations for resources and constituent support to operate, as resources are more likely to flow to organizations deemed as legitimate (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Meyer & Scott, 1983). Gaining legitimacy may be a way for ancillary organizations to secure credibility, continuity, and support (Suchman, 1995). ...
... Although these works have examined many facets of legitimacy within higher education, we have yet to locate any works that focus specifically on ancillary organizations. Yet, given the scarcity of resources facing many universities and the relationship between legitimacy and organizational survival (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Meyer & Scott, 1983), the importance of securing legitimacy for these non-core organizations is becoming increasingly paramount, especially to understand the legitimizing organization's goals and potentially corresponding behaviors. ...
Intra-organizational relationships have become common in higher education. Scholars have offered limited knowledge about the ways in which ancillary organizations pursue and maintain intra-organizational relationships in higher education. Notably, the literature provides no examination of their legitimacy-seeking efforts. Based on data collected from program visits of 151 Army ROTC programs on college campuses, we analyzed legitimizing behaviors through the neo-institutionalist perspective of professional legitimacy to identify the substantive nature of intra-organizational relationships. We drew on Husserl’s constitutive phenomenology to uncover the process and manner in which legitimacy-seeking among ancillary organizations within postsecondary intra-organizational relationships took place. The findings demonstrate a heightened set of efforts expected for ROTC legitimation on college campuses, which we have called the Heightened Contributory Partnership phenomenon. This phenomenon represents an interconnected approach to legitimacy seeking which may be used to understand the legitimation of other ancillary organizations as well, and offers legitimacy seeking constructs, which are open for future testing and refinement through further research.
... Historically, Institutional theory was developed in 1966 (Meyer & Rowan 1977). It elaborates how aspects of social structures can influence actors in the institutionalized environment. ...
... It focuses on the process by which structure including plans, rules, norms and routines become established as authoritative guidelines for social behavior (Scott 2004). The theory emphasizes the importance of institutional factors, which are associated with social, political, regulatory and cultural aspects in shading organizational behavior in form and process (Meyer & Rowan 1977). ...
The overall objective of the study was to examine the factors affecting effective utilization of EFDs in oil and gas filling stations operating in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Specifically, the study assessed the influence of organizational specific factors, individual related factors and regulatory authority related factors on effective utilization of EFDs in oil and gas filling stations.
Methodologically, the study collected data from 101 respondents working in different filling stations located in five districts, Ilala, Kinondoni, Temeke, Ubungo and Kigamboni districts. In relation to data analysis, study used both descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Study results show that individual related factors have more significant influence on effective utilization of EFDs in oil and gas filling stations with 0.000 significance coefficient, followed by organizational specific factors with 0.03 significance coefficient, and regulatory authority related factors with 0.043 significance coefficient.
In relation to individual related factors, staff experience and staff willingness in using EFDs were found to have more significant influence on effective utilization of EFDs in oil and gas filling station operating in Dar es Salaam. Also, as far as organization specific factors is concerned, presence of specific policies that support the use of EFDs, sufficient EFDs to support business transactions and training offered to staff were found to have more significant influence on effective on effective utilization of EFDs in oil and gas filling stations. Besides, the study found that TRA impose penalties, fines for not using EFDs as directed and TRA usually make ordinary periodical visits to see whether EFDs are used as directed are organization specific factors which significantly influenced effective utilization of EFDs in oil and gas filling stations operating in Dar es Salaam.
From the results of the study, it is recommended that both organizations, individual staff (employees), regulatory authority (TRA) and the government should work together to ensure effective utilization of EFDs in oil and gas filling stations operating in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
... Max Weber's work on large bureaucracies, analyzed through the prism of the search for rationality, had a major influence on management science, stressing in particular organizations' rational management. Another approach was developed in the 1970s with the notion of legitimacy (Meyer and Rowan, 1977). In this perspective, organizations interact with their environment and need to argue their legitimacy in front of their stakeholders in order to survive. ...
... For example, management control is a standard tool for organizations, commonly used and associated with shared meaning. Chatelain-Ponroy and Sponem (2011) retrace how it emerged as a legitimate tool, and characterize it as a "rational myth", i.e. an institutionalized structure that gives the illusion of rationality (Meyer and Rowan, 1977). Such rational myths emerge through a process, where organizational practices are progressively standardized (DiMaggio and Powel, 1983). ...
Traditionally known for their contribution to innovation and the economy, startups are now considered promising organizations for addressing social and environmental issues. However, turning to startups is not straightforward. Not only does such an expectation add to the already challenging task of launching a startup, but the contribution of startups to sustainability is difficult to determine due to the uncertainty that characterizes them. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore how startups tackle sustainability given the significant uncertainty.
While the literature has extensively explored the practices of large companies, little information is available for smaller ones. According to the literature, they not only face less pressure from stakeholders but also seem to perceive fewer benefits in engaging in sustainable development. The field of sustainable entrepreneurship has begun to fill this gap, but the specific case of startups remains largely overlooked. Providing such knowledge is crucial not only for startups but also for their stakeholders and decision-makers who currently lack information on what to expect from startups in terms of social and environmental impact. So far, research has demonstrated the complexity of the subject and suggested frameworks for assessing their contribution to sustainability. However, startups’ perspective is lacking, especially on how they tackle in the absence of shared norms and practices in the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Given the novelty and complexity of the phenomenon, an exploratory approach was favored. A 36-month action research in an incubator of young innovative startups allowed the collection of various types of data, including direct observations, interviews, and archival documents. Instead of aiming for generalization, this qualitative and comprehensive approach seeks to reveal the practices, challenges, and trade-offs of the actors to better understand the mechanisms at play and how actions are taken. The research drew inspiration from issues met on the field, following an abductive process where surprises led to the identification of sub-research questions.
The results are articulated around three research articles, highlighting different aspects of the phenomenon. Sustainability for startups is seen as part of the entrepreneurial process (1), as embedded into an entrepreneurial ecosystem (2), and as a new requirement demanded by public actors (3). The immersive framework revealed that actors acted in favor of sustainability based on the meaning they attributed to this still abstract concept, and that this meaning continually evolved through an interactive and interpretative process. Such a symbolic interactionist perspective enriches the literature by proposing an original approach to describing the management of uncertainty in a complex problem.
By combining the results of the three research articles, the thesis focused on an entrepreneurial ecosystem in transition and suggested a new definition for sustainable startups. In line with the collective and contextual approach, the research mobilized the concept of improvisation to emphasize that sustainability for startups is not a static object, leading startups to consider their changing environment. The processual approach contributed to both the literature on sustainable entrepreneurship and the emerging field of research on evaluating the impact of sustainability for startups. Practical recommendations for startups and decision-makers were also provided.
... Ce travail de recherche s'inscrit à la croisée de la théorie de la contingence et de la théorie néo-institutionnelle. Selon la première, il n'existe pas de système universel de gestion et l'efficacité d'une structure organisationnelle dépend du type d'environnement dans lequel elle évolue (Chantelat, Bouhaouala & Champely, 2001). En revanche, la seconde postule que les organisations ne se contentent pas de se concurrencer pour des ressources, mais qu'elles sont également motivées par une quête de légitimité (Meyer & Rowan, 1977 ;DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). Ces organisations sont soumises à des contraintes culturelles et sociales qui influencent leur évolution. ...
... Ces organisations sont soumises à des contraintes culturelles et sociales qui influencent leur évolution. Par conséquent, le moteur principal de l'évolution organisationnelle n'est pas nécessairement l'efficience, mais bien la légitimité (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). L'objectif de cet article est d'apporter des éléments de réponse aux questions suivantes : quels sont les dispositifs de CdG mis en place au sein des CFP marocains ? ...
Cet article examine les pratiques de contrôle de gestion (CdG) au sein des clubs de football professionnels (CFP) marocains, un sujet peu exploré dans la littérature. L'objectif est d'analyser les dispositifs de CdG en place, d'identifier les facteurs influençant leur adoption et de comprendre comment ces pratiques répondent aux défis des CFP. Pour ce faire, une approche qualitative a été adoptée, combinant une étude documentaire et des entretiens semi-directifs avec les responsables de neuf CFP et dix experts du secteur sportif. Les résul-tats indiquent que les dispositifs de CdG dans ces clubs sont d'une portée limitée et souvent influencés par des facteurs de contingence, tels que la pression des parties prenantes et l'ac-compagnement de la Fédération Royale Marocaine de Football (FRMF). Bien que certains clubs cherchent à adopter des pratiques de CdG pour améliorer leurs performances, beaucoup se concentrent principalement sur la légitimation de leurs activités. L'étude met en lumière les obstacles à l'adoption de nouvelles pratiques de CdG, soulignant la nécessité d'une meil-leure formation et d'un soutien institutionnel pour renforcer la gestion des clubs. En outre, les limites liées à la complexité de l'étude et aux défis d'accès aux données ouvrent des perspectives pour des recherches futures. mots-clés : contrôle de gestion, clubs de football professionnel, performances
... Theoretically, much research on external ratings often draw from theories of organizational legitimacy and institutional pressure, which describe the processes leading organizations with particular internal requirements to resist, buffer, or distance themselves from competing external pressures (Doshi et al., 2013;Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Oliver, 1991). Despite their relevance, these theories are only able to address how organizations respond to external pressure once ratings or other performance metrics are disclosed to the public. ...
... Like the work on organizational legitimacy and institutional pressure (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Oliver, 1991;Suchman, 1995), research on collective attention focus also recognizes that organizational decision makers face multiple goals that they must resolve, often in the presence of competing pressures from many different constituents (Cyert & March, 1963;Hoffman & Ocasio, 2001;Ocasio, 1997). Whereas institutional research tends to focus on organizations' selective responses to certain pressures, such as through decoupling or disengagement (Oliver, 1991;Piazza & Perretti, 2015), studies of collective attention focus -and the closely related work on behavioral approaches to organizational learning -instead emphasize the process through which some of these pressures become more or less salient to decision makers (Audia & Brion, 2007;Audia & Greve, 2006;Greve, 2008;Hoffman & Ocasio, 2001;Rowley & Moldoveanu, 2003). ...
Research examines the process through which regulatory agencies and other powerful third parties publicly disseminate information about organizations in order to reduce the information asymmetry between those organizations and their dispersed or less powerful stakeholders. These disclosure programs are presumed to work by mobilizing stakeholders to pressure organizations for change. Prior studies focus on organizations’ resistance to that external pressure, often drawing from theories of institutional forces and organizational legitimacy. Instead, the present study examines the public disclosure process itself, and adapts research on organizational learning and collective attention focus to develop new theory regarding how organizations may selectively time their practices to influence these disclosures in their favor. Results suggest that organizations may respond to disclosure programs and other governance structures when actively monitored, but may drift out of compliance during intervening periods. Findings also suggest that strong governance outside of the regulatory disclosure process can help to reduce these problems. The study contributes to corporate governance, organizational learning, and other literatures by developing new theory regarding the timing of organizational responses to regulatory interventions, and by providing evidence that overlapping forms of oversight may mitigate the limitations within any one particular governance mechanism.
... The effectiveness of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in advancing sustainable building practices in developing countries remains insufficiently understood, pointing to several critical gaps in both research and practice. This gap persists despite the potential of PPPs, as supported by institutional theory, which suggests that public and private entities can achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness when they collaborate within well-established frameworks (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). ...
... Institutional theory emphasises the importance of aligning organisational practices with external societal norms and expectations (Meyer & Rowan, 1977;DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). In the context of sustainable building, the mobilisation of financial and human resources from the private sector is driven by institutional pressures for legitimacy, both locally and internationally. ...
This review evaluates the effectiveness of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in advancing sustainable building projects in developing countries. It highlights key areas such as resource mobilization, expertise utilization, innovation, risk-sharing, and community impact. Findings show that PPPs attract private investment, complement public funds, and drive large-scale sustainable construction. They enhance technical expertise, foster knowledge transfer, and encourage the adoption of advanced technologies. Risk-sharing mechanisms reduce financial burdens, attracting more investors. Additionally, PPPs improve social outcomes, including job creation and community resilience. The review emphasises the need for supportive policies, capacity-building programs, and monitoring systems to strengthen PPPs in sustainable development. Further research should focus on comparative models and long-term impacts.
... In the last three decades years, the "new" institutional theory rose to prominence, becoming a cornerstone on the relationship between organizations and their environment. Its tenetsthe organizational pursuit of legitimacy and status (Meyer & Rowan, 1977), the spread of believes, norms and practices (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983), and the institutionalization of processes and structures into a rule-like status (Zucker, 1977) have become underlying assumptions of organizational theory at large. Institutional theory had wide ranging impact and was used to explain a variety of important phenomena including organizational structure, culture, change and response to external pressures, adoption of practices, and the impact of institutions on individuals in organizations. ...
We seek to deepen understanding of the micro-foundations of institutionalization while contributing to a sociological theory of markets by investigating the puzzle of price bubbles in financial markets. We find that such markets, despite textbook conditions of high efficiency -- perfect information, atomistic agents, no uncertainty -- quickly develop patterns consistent with institutionalization processes.
... As they do so, their internal semantic coherence rises, as measured using a topic model of the page text. Wikipedia's abstract core norms and decoupling process show that it adopts an "institutionalized organization" structure akin to bureaucratic systems that predate the information age [41]. ...
Social norms have traditionally been difficult to quantify. In any particular society, their sheer number and complex interdependencies often limit a system-level analysis. One exception is that of the network of norms that sustain the online Wikipedia community. We study the fifteen-year evolution of this network using the interconnected set of pages that establish, describe, and interpret the community's norms. Despite Wikipedia's reputation for \textit{ad hoc} governance, we find that its normative evolution is highly conservative. The earliest users create norms that both dominate the network and persist over time. These core norms govern both content and interpersonal interactions using abstract principles such as neutrality, verifiability, and assume good faith. As the network grows, norm neighborhoods decouple topologically from each other, while increasing in semantic coherence. Taken together, these results suggest that the evolution of Wikipedia's norm network is akin to bureaucratic systems that predate the information age.
... Ce succès de la mise en oeuvre, qu'il semble justifié de qualifier de « débordement », pose en des termes originaux la question du désajustement entre la prescription de nouvelles pratiques et l'appropriation de cette prescription. En effet, la plupart des travaux de sociologie des réformes scolaires insistent sur l'écart, voire le fossé, entre le prescrit et le réalisé, et soulignent combien les organisations scolaires, dont les différents niveaux hiérarchiques sont faiblement couplés (Meyer & Rowan, 1977), peinent à intégrer le changement. Or, l'objet que constituent les Pôles inclusifs d'accompagnement localisés (PIAL) qui désignent initialement un « dispositif d'accompagnement organisé en pôle au niveau des établissements scolaires » devant permettre de diminuer le délai d'affectation d'une aide humaine notifiée ou d'éviter la discontinuité de cette aide dans le parcours de l'élève, et plus largement de faire travailler ensemble les personnels intervenant auprès des élèves en situation de handicap, ne nous permet pas de remettre sur le boisseau la thèse du découplage que nombre d'analyses des réformes scolaires mobilisent pour interpréter la difficulté des établissements à aligner leurs pratiques sur les prescriptions. ...
Dans le champ de l’inclusion scolaire « à la française » des élèves en situation de handicap, l’innovation récente des Pôles inclusifs d’accompagnement localisés consiste à structurer l’accompagnement de ces élèves selon une organisation conçue à l’échelon d’un territoire regroupant plusieurs niveaux d’enseignement, et permettant de sécuriser la continuité des parcours de l’école primaire au lycée. À partir d’une enquête qualitative, cette contribution vise à analyser les modalités selon lesquelles ces PIAL se sont déclinés dans l’académie de Lyon. Sur la base d’une analyse documentaire, de l’observation d’une série de réunions de lancement et d’une quinzaine d’entretiens, elle montre que les PIAL se sont d’abord traduits par une focalisation sur la rationalisation des services des Accompagnantes des élèves en situation de handicap (AESH), un personnel non-enseignant de statut précaire, dont la notification est hors de contrôle de l’Éducation nationale. La géométrie variable du dispositif rend alors possible un assez large répertoire de modalités de gestion de ce personnel, ce qui se solde par des fonctionnements de PIAL parfois fort différents d’une circonscription scolaire à l’autre. Au-delà de ce « repli gestionnaire » (Laforgue, 2005), l’étude montre que le PIAL est révélateur d’une politique institutionnelle (Knoepfel, et al., 2015) qui restitue à l’État scolaire certaines de ses capacités affaiblies par la départementalisation de l’action publique sur le handicap
... The impact of sustainability on the performance of SMEs may be contingent on institutional pressures. Institutional theory holds that the social and political environment nudges organizations into behavioral conformity (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983;Meyer & Rowan, 1977). Organizations willingly conform with institutional pressures in their pursuit of legitimacy (Scott, 2005). ...
Plain English Summary
Sustainability practices enhance the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Spain. We gathered data from 2012 to 2022 using Internet Archive tools to investigate the impact of new environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information on SMEs’ financial performance. ESG information can come from internal company sources (e.g., websites) or external certifications. Our findings show that both types improve financial results but act as substitutes, providing similar information. The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change reshaped the relationship between ESG information and financial performance. After the agreement, external ESG certifications became more valuable, while internal ESG signals without external validation lost their positive impact. SMEs with more varying financial performance gained greater benefits from adopting sustainable practices, supporting the idea that sustainability can serve as insurance during economic uncertainty. Thus, the main implication of this study is that SMEs should reinforce their ESG orientation, as they could achieve financial benefits.
... Consequently, Swedish firms have had a relatively higher presence in various global CS initiatives and rankings amongst organisation for economic cooperation and development (OECD) countries (Gjølberg, 2009). Collectively, this can lead to Swedish firms achieving higher CS levels due to societal expectations (Meyer and Rowan, 1977;Suchman, 1995), which are rooted in humanitarian norms (Gjølberg, 2010). Liang and Renneboog (2017) document that firms from common law countries have lower CSR ratings than firms from civil law countries, especially Scandinavian civil law firms, which have the highest ratings. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether board composition affects corporate sustainability (CS) levels in private firms. Additionally, the study examines a potential interplay between CS levels and CS reporting, and the impact of EU Directive 2014 / 95/EU (Non-Financial Reporting Directive [NFRD]) on resources spent on CS.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors surveyed the chief executive officers (CEOs), chief financial officers (CFOs) and Environment Officers of Swedish private firms subject to NFRD, receiving 149 valid responses (a response rate 24%). The authors coded the responses using van Marrewijk and Werre’s (2003) CS levels framework. The levels are Pre-CS, Compliance-driven, Profit-driven, Caring, Synergistic and Holistic. The study then explained the CS levels with board characteristics.
Findings
While on average the sample firms have a profit-driven CS level, the authors find that CS level is positively driven by female Chairs, female CEOs and external CEOs. Early voluntary reporting before NFRD does not explain the CS level. On adoption of the NFRD, mandatory reporters increased resources spent on CS activities and CS reporting more than early voluntary-reporters. Nonetheless, slightly over half of the sample firms reported no significant impact of the NFRD on resources spent on CS.
Practical implications
The findings may be useful for stakeholders interested in corporate governance and CS levels. Also, the findings support further regulation such as EU Directive 2022/2464 (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive [CSRD]).
Social implications
In private firms, female leaders are likely to play a significant role in driving altruistically motivated CS practices.
Originality/value
The focus is on private firms in Sweden which, unlike those in other jurisdictions, were subject to NFRD. Methodologically, the use of a survey provides an alternative to the previous heavy reliance on archival research.
... Therefore, the multidimensional nature of borders in Chinese journalism, particularly institutional borders, warrants further exploration. Based on the above review, we introduce the concept of institution from institutional theory and regard the institutions represented by widely shared regulations, norms and cultural cognitive traditions that can function as a template or script of social action (Light et al., 1966;Meyer and Rowan, 1977). Moreover, institutions shape and limit social actions by providing legitimacy, which means an entity or action is "desirable, proper, or appropriate" (Suchman, 1995: 574). ...
Commencing with the distinctive institutional environment of China, this study broadens the perspective of cross-border journalism from the transnational/international dimension to the institutional dimension. Drawing upon embeddedness theory, the research delves into the forms, scope, and characteristics of cross-border cooperative relationships established by private news organizations as a means for grappling with dual legitimacy dilemmas to embed themselves in the journalistic field. Qualitative interviews with 24 Chinese unlicensed journalists in private news organizations reveal a preference for their cross-border collaboration with government and state-owned media, possessing political or cultural authority, while deliberately avoiding engagement with foreign media, self-media and users. This pattern of cross-border cooperation exhibits a distinctive trait of dependency embeddedness. Furthermore, it is observed that these practices primarily serve as self-protection measures with limited impact on publicity and the democratic development of journalism. These findings contribute to our comprehension of the self-protection strategies employed by China’s private news organizations and their unlicensed journalists in the digital media era, offering a novel institutional perspective in understanding cross-border journalism practices within a non-Western context.
... Internal institutional pressures emphasize that organizations are deeply rooted in their own internal institutional environments (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). In this study, internal institutional pressures mainly focus on stakeholders within the overseas innovation ecosystem, including management pressures within leading enterprises and collaborative pressures among entering enterprises. ...
To address the bifurcated challenges of the international landscape, Chinese multinational enterprises have diversified their international innovation activities by establishing overseas innovation ecosystems in regions with weaker institutional frameworks, such as those along the Belt and Road. However, existing research primarily focuses on ecosystem construction, offering limited insight into their sustainable development. This study employs a multi-case approach, examining four representative Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones (OETCZs), integrating perspectives from routines, knowledge, and cognition. Findings reveals: (1) Overseas innovation ecosystems foster international ambidextrous dynamic capabilities (DCs) through routine change and knowledge creation, driving sustainable development; (2) Overseas innovation ecosystems deploy adaptive, ecological, proactive, and integrated routine change strategies in response to institutional pressures; (3) The diversity in routine change strategies is closely linked to attention focus allocation by leading enterprises, encompassing both institutional-market and promotion-prevention focus. Overall, this study enhances our comprehension of DCs in innovation ecosystem internationalization and offers managerial insights for sustainable development in OETCZs.
... This theory is relevant to the study because, among other things, businesses listed in Nigeria are under the jurisdiction of Nigerian Exchange Groups, and organisations need to adhere to the laws, traditions, and social norms established by their institutional settings in order to continue operating and gaining legitimacy (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). This idea overlooked the fact that certain organisations operate as closed systems and are completely self-sufficient, which could be detrimental to their ability to survive. ...
... We expect the discretion of SLBs to be modified by both the characteristics of their clients (including, for example, the degree of perceived digital literacy), and the degree of institutionalisation of digital practices. A practice becomes institutionalised when rooted in the assumptions, beliefs and values held by individuals, and when legitimised within the organisation (Meyer and Rowan, 1977). ...
Purpose
The article examines how street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) manage the digital bureaucratic relationship in dealing with customer needs and the technological innovations introduced into organisations (digital tools). The topic of technological transformations from a street-level perspective has garnered limited interest so far, especially in Italy. The research question underlying the article is as follows: how does the discretion of SLBs change with the introduction of digital tools within the public administration? We expect that the characteristics of clients on the one hand, and the degree of institutionalisation of the digital tool in question on the other, will change the way in which SLBs exercise their discretion.
Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from two separate research projects in which the authors were involved: (1) the first was a doctoral research project concerning labour inspectors tasked with investigating labour irregularities reported by workers; (2) the second was a research project regarding the relationship between the elderly and public service caseworkers. Information gathered through a series of semi-structured interviews was analysed, with a focus on the digitalisation process. The interviewees included 15 labour inspectors, and 12 long-term care caseworkers. With regard to the interviews conducted with labour inspectors, we examined the online request for action submitted by workers reporting irregularities in their employment relationships. As regards the interviews with caseworkers involved in services for the elderly, the discussion revolved around the option introduced during the pandemic period in 2020, to request access to the services in question through submission of an online form rather than requesting such services in person.
Findings
What emerges is that while the introduction of digitalised policies allows SLBs to obtain more information with which to assess the situation of individuals, the discretionary power exercised by front-line workers only results in the partial use of the digital tool, whilst favouring the traditional relationship between bureaucrats and their clients.
Originality/value
We introduce the concepts of “digital discretion” and “analogic discretion” in an attempt to understand how SLBs use their decision-making powers, which may prove to be useful analytical tools for studying the ways in which the discretion of SLBs is realised through new digital practices.
... Following the seminal contributions of Dornbusch and Scott (1975) and Meyer and Rowan (1977), legitimacy research has taken a central role in organisation and management theory and the emerging field of social evaluations (Deephouse et al. 2017;Suddaby et al. 2017). ...
In this chapter, we examine the burgeoning scholarship on legitimacy and briefly summarize the intellectual trajectory of this important concept. We discuss current conversations in legitimacy research and suggest future research directions that we believe are necessary not only to advance scholarship on organisational legitimacy but also to inform the broader field of organisational social evaluations. We recommend that scholars build richer connections between levels of analysis both theoretically and empirically, expanding on the multilevel perspective on legitimacy that has developed rich linkages between societal and individual levels. Recognizing that one of the most important research frontiers in the next decade is empirical in nature, we also develop methodological recommendations, specifically for the development of instruments to measure individual-level legitimacy, the aggregation of individual-level measures into collective-level legitimacy, and the behavioural implications of legitimacy judgments.
... The importance of social value in driving organizations to conform to certain practices to gain legitimacy within their environment [17]. Meyer & Rowan [18] argue that organizations adopt formal structures to mimic institutional expectations (myths), even if these structures don't necessarily improve efficiency, in order to gain legitimacy, resources, stability, and enhance their chances of survival. On the other side Brown and Deegan [19] explain that, legitimacy theory focuses on the concept of a social contract, suggesting that a company's sustainability depends on the extent to which it operates within the boundaries and standards of society. ...
This research aims to investigate the significance of implementing green banking (GB) practices on the sustainable achievement and development of a green brand image (GBI) for private commercial banks (PCBs) and state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs) operating in Bangladesh. The study surveyed 397 banking employees from private and SOCBs in Bangladesh. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to identify the significant relationships between the research variables. According to the study's results, the implementation of GB practices has a positive and significant impact on creating a GBI for banks. Moreover, banks' GBI has a statistically significant beneficial influence on their sustainability performance. The study also found that daily operations, employees, and green CSR practices of GB have a significant impact on the sustainable performance of banks, while the impact of customer-and policy-related practices is not significant. This research is the first of its kind to examine how GB practices affect the development of a GBI and how the GBI influences the sustainability performance of PCBs and SOCBs in Bangladesh. The study adds to the current body of knowledge by identifying the factors that influence the impact of GB practices on the sustainability performance of banks (BSP) and their role in creating a GBI. The paper discusses significant consequences for policy and provides recommendations for further investigation in the relevant field.
... The isomorphism emphasised by the neo-institutional theory concerning CSR is where organisations seek social legitimacy by abiding by moral and ethical standards (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). According to Campbell (2007), CSR is required by governments, civic organisations, and consumers, and businesses use it to establish social legitimacy. ...
... In beiden Hinsichtenmag derWechsel in formale Mitgliedschaftenals Entlastung erwartet worden sein. Er führt aber die unübersehbare, leicht zu entlarvendeP rätention mit, die professionelle(oders ollm an sagen:a risto-/expertokratische?) Identitäta uchi mO rganisationskontext als »loose coupling«(Meyer/Rowan 1977;W eick 1976; dazu Leh-mann2020; Stäheli2021:322 -388)weiterpflegen und demKennzifferndruck (vgl.mit zahllosen BeispielenMau 2017,zuUniversitätenMünch2007)gerade nicht oder nicht umfassend unterworfen werden zu können. ...
... Organizational legitimacy involves the process by which organizations secure recognition and acceptance from various internal and external stakeholders, including regulative, normative, and cognitive legitimacy (Meyer and Rowan, 1977;Suchman, 1995;Zucker, 1977). In the context of the interplay between government environmental protection and EDT, both entities establish legitimacy through distinct avenues. ...
This study employs a unique dataset of A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2021 to investigate the impact of government environmental attention on enterprise digital transformation (EDT) and its underlying mechanisms. Empirical findings document that in response to upholding organizational legitimacy, government environmental attention remarkably favors EDT. This core conclusion remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns and alternative robustness tests. Mechanism analysis unveils that intensified government environmental attention propels companies to expedite green technology innovation, alleviate financing constraints, and enhance human capital quality, all accelerating EDT. Subsequent investigations indicate that heightened government environmental attention notably impacts EDT more for larger plants and highly polluting industries. In regions with lower financial development, government environmental attention serves as a reliable signaling mechanism, motivating EDT. These findings guide plants in accelerating EDT for enhanced sustainable development while shedding light on the evolving mechanisms of government attention allocation and EDT, which offers insights for future research on the correlation between government actions and corporate environmental governance.
... According to institutional theory, organizations must navigate and respond to the pressures and expectations of their institutional environments to maintain legitimacy and ensure survival (DiMaggio and Powell 1983). By fostering these relationships, businesses can better understand and leverage policy changes, thus enhancing their strategic positioning and resilience (Meyer and Rowan 1977;Pfeffer and Salancik 1978). Moreover, proactive engagement with stakeholders helps organizations align their strategies with regulatory expectations, which can lead to competitive advantages and improved performance during uncertainty. ...
This study explores the interplay between tax incentives, creative compliance, and innovation in enhancing business resilience and sustainability among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, addressing gaps in the existing literature regarding their interrelationships during crises. A cross-sectional survey of 360 MSMEs was conducted, utilizing the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach to analyze complex relationships among variables. The findings reveal that creative compliance, including tax planning and avoidance, does not directly impact resilience or sustainability. While tax incentives did not significantly enhance resilience during crises, they contributed to long-term sustainability. Innovation emerged as a critical factor linking creative compliance to business success and fully mediating the effects of tax incentives on resilience. This study emphasizes the necessity for MSMEs to prioritize innovation in their strategies, particularly in conjunction with effective tax practices, and highlights the need for government support through simplified regulatory frameworks to foster an innovative business environment. Limitations include the challenges of incorporating control variables in SEM and the need for further research into the long-term effects of these factors on sustainable performance.
... In institutional theory, the term isomorphism is used to describe the institutional pressures that bring organizations to adopt new structuressuch as CSR and RRI (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983). A related term is decoupling, signifying that the internal practices of the organizations may become disconnected from their external presentation (Meyer and Rowan, 1977). Decoupling may allow organizations to carry on with business as usual while publishing nice CSR reports or allow research communities to continue their practices while bringing in a social scientist (or even hiring a consultant) to do 'the RRI bit'. ...
... In theory, this motive for profit is said to ensure the efficient allocations of resources (Smith 2002). However, this market fundamentalism can play out in many ways: scholarship has examined how organizational policies are often decoupled from daily practices (Meyer and Rowan 1977;Bromley and Powell 2012), and our work examines similar ongoing tensions like between valuing ethics in the abstract and prioritizing profits in practice. ...
Responsible artificial intelligence (RAI) is increasingly recognized as a critical concern. However, the level of corporate RAI prioritization has not kept pace. In this work, we conduct 16 semi-structured interviews with practitioners to investigate what has historically motivated companies to increase the prioritization of RAI. What emerges is a complex story of conflicting and varied factors, but we bring structure to the narrative by highlighting the different strategies available to employ, and point to the actors with access to each. While there are no guaranteed steps for increasing RAI prioritization, we paint the current landscape of motivators so that practitioners can learn from each other, and put forth our own selection of promising directions forward.
... Although some companies may talk a lot about their purpose in order to build a legitimacy façade that is decoupled from their actual operations (Meyer and Rowan, 1977), collaborating suppliers are in a privileged position: They can verify whether organizations stand by their claimed purpose when manufacturing products for them. Since NatureCos continuously enacted its purpose priority in its inter-organizational relations, its partners were able to sense the focal organization's purpose priority. ...
Social enterprises may boost their impact by convincing collaborating businesses to contribute to their purposes. However, such enterprises typically lack the leverage to influence mainstream businesses. We investigate to what extent their abundant social resources might enable them to remedy this weakness to some extent. Taking a practice-based perspective, we conduct an ethnographic case study of a social enterprise's collaborative relationships. We discover a collaboration process grounded in social purpose: If a social enterprise's underlying normative aspiration is to put 'purpose before profit' and it practices 'purpose work', its partners may conversely engage in 'purpose borrowing', which involves actions espousing the social enterprise's purpose even if they go against business common sense. We advance research on hybrid organizations by explaining how social enterprises can exert a significant degree of influence on their business partners thanks to their inherent social resources, which are more diverse and powerful than assumed so far. Furthermore, we contribute to inter-organizational collaboration research by identifying a new mode of relational governance founded on social purpose that goes beyond the established modes based on legitimacy, trust, and reciprocity.
... Curiously, institutionalists (e.g. Meyer & Rowan, 1977) coined the term "institutional isomorphism," which is synonymous with "the constraining process that forces one unit in a population to resemble other units facing the same set of environmental conditions" (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983, p. 150). Hence, institutional isomorphism is a powerful force of homogenisation in organisational fields. ...
... I forlaengelse heraf er daginstitutionspaedagoger igennem mange år blevet fremhaevet som nogle, der baerer en vigtig samfundsmaessig opgave i forhold til at løfte de tosprogede børn. Skal paedagoger og daginstitutioner fremstå som legitime, moderne og ansvarlige aktører (Meyer & Rowan, 1977), skal de således vise omverdenen, at de arbejder målrettet og systematisk med at løfte de tosprogede børn igennem tidlige indsatser og laeringsorienterede tiltag. I det lys kaldes der netop på paedagoger, der er i stand til at udpege de mangler og problemer, som daginstitutioner skal arbejde på at rydde af vejen. ...
Denne artikel handler om pædagogers arbejde med ligestilling i daginstitutionen. Et arbejde som ofte omtales og genkendes af pædagoger som arbejdet med at skabe lige deltagelsesmuligheder for alle børn. Artiklen baserer sig på et forskningsprojekt, som har undersøgt, hvordan pædagoger forstår og går til arbejdet med ligestilling i daginstitutionen (2021-2022). I artiklen viser vi, hvordan dette arbejde kan inddeles i 4 forskellige pædagogiske tilgange og hvordan kategoriseringer af børn på baggrund af køn og etnicitet væver sig ind i dette arbejde. Ligeledes viser vi, hvordan arbejdet forbinder sig til dilemmaet mellem henholdsvis udpegning og synliggørelse af forskelle på den ene side (for at kompensere for ulighed) og nedtoning og usynliggørelse af forskelle på den anden side (for at møde alle børn lige). Vi afslutter artiklen med at pege på vigtigheden af at daginstitutionspædagoger får mulighed for at reflektere over de dilemmaer, som arbejdet med at skabe lige muligheder indebærer, så daginstitutionen ikke risikerer at understøtte og reproducere den ulighed, den forsøger at bekæmpe. English abstract Equity Work in Early Childcare – Dilemmas and Blind Angles This article explores equity work by pedagogues in early childhood institutions (ECI) in Denmark. Based on a research project that investigated how pedagogues understand and tackle equity work in ECI’s (2021–2022), we distill four different pedagogical approaches in our analysis, and show how categorizations of children based on ethnicity and/or gender are woven into this work. Furthermore, we show how equity work is connected to the dilemma between categorization and recognition of differences on the one hand side (to compensate for inequality) and the downplaying of differences on the other hand (to treat everybody equal). We conclude by suggesting the need for professional reflections over the dilemmas that the ambition of equity entails, in order not to reproduce and support the inequality, that the pedagogical work aims to challenge.
... Thereby, legitimacy is a fundamental concept in organizational analysis (Aldrich & Fiol, 1994) linked to broader cultural and societal perceptions and the institutionalization of social phenomena (Deephouse, Bundy, Plunkett Tost & Suchman, 2017;Erkama & Vaara, 2010;Meyer & Rowan, 1977;Suchman, 1995). While much of the literature is written on legitimacy as a property, viewing legitimacy as a resource or asset, fewer investigations have examined legitimacy from a process perspective (Cannon, 2020;Drori & Honig, 2013;Suddaby, Bitektine & Haack, 2017), which is theoretically relevant. ...
... El alcance que tienen las fuerzas personales incorporadas en la organización determina el campo organizacional. Esta expresión, aunque igual, no guarda el mismo significado de la correspondiente a Powell y Dimaggio (1999) y Meyer y Rowan (1977). Barnard parecía referirse a la organización en sí misma mientras que los profesores citados definían el campo organizacional en términos de un arreglo institucional reconocible como un conjunto de actividad social. ...
El concepto de equilibrio organizacional (EO) se ha utilizado para denotar relaciones estables y deseables entre diferentes componentes de la organización. Sin embargo, el término adolece de falta de una definición precisa y en el mundo administrativo es invocado más como una deseabilidad que como un evidente. Sobre esta
cuestión, Tello-Castrillón en 2009 expuso el origen del término y las definiciones de autores clásicos de la Teoría Organizacional (TO). El presente artículo se encamina a enriquecer tal exposición, con especial énfasis en la teoría de la complejidad, por medio de la incorporación de los conceptos de Luhmann, Morin, Barnard y North. Debido a ello, se propone una distinción analítica entre equilibrio organizacional interno (EOI) y el equilibrio organizacional externo (EOE). Finalmente se construye, a partir de la propuesta de 2009, una nueva definición de EO que pretende remitir a la totalidad
de la realidad organizacional aunque sea posible estructurar una definición unívoca o exhaustiva. La metodología de trabajo consistió en una revisión de literatura y su tratamiento hermenéutico.
... This study is grounded in the frameworks of the transition and institutional theories, with notable developments often attributed to Geels and Schot (2007) for the transition theory and Meyer and Rowan (1977) for institutional theory. The direct relationship between customer experience and sustainable development is explained through the lens of the transition theory. ...
Purpose: While customer experience (CE) is a crucial marketing concept, the expanding body of research in this area has resulted in substantial fragmentation and theoretical confusion. This is particularly evident in its relationship with other performance constructs. Additionally, little is known about how CE contributes to sustainable development (SD) in the hotel industry. To address the gaps in existing literature and contribute to theory, this study examined how CE influences SD through green innovation (GI). Methodology: It was a quantitative study, employing the cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 197 individuals in leadership/management/supervisory roles in selected hotels in Ghana, using a structured questionnaire. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was employed to estimate the hypothesised model on CE, GI, and SD. Findings: The findings showed a significantly positive direct relationship between CE and SD, and indirect relationship through GI. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study’s novelty lies in the integration of GI as a mechanism through which CE influences SD. It was demonstrated that to promote green innovation, and then sustainable development, hotels should enhance customer experience. It was thus recommended that hotels in Ghana invest in training programmes for employees to enhance their understanding of customer experience, creating positive sustainable and green practices.
... The theory contends that regulatory mechanisms that regulate and shape people's behaviour and facilitate the activities undertaken by the organisation, which may include laws, policies, guidelines, procedures, and principles, are necessary for an organisation's survival and well-being with a better link to its goals and objectives (Wukich, Neuman, &Fogarty, 2023). The notion is clear that without the ability to develop a broad capacity of understanding and a method of making its employees aware of what is intended to be implemented in the organisation (cognitive) (Tefurukwa,2023), an organisation cannot adhere to changes or shift from worse to better conditions (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). For an organisation to thrive and ultimately gain a competitive edge, it must also adhere to a culture in which all organisation members are drawn (Wukich et al., 2023). ...
Article info In Tanzania, there are several initiatives to establish a framework for safeguarding children's employment. The recent one is launching the Employment and Labour Relation Act (general) regulations of 2017 that specify conditions under which children may be employed. Despite such provisions, millions of children in Tanzania are employed in, for instance, artisanal and small-scale mining and other economic activities. Additionally, extant studies are yet to exhaust examining the implementation of the General Regulation 2017. Thus, this study used the implementation of the Employment and Labour Relations Act (general) regulations of 2017 to analyse children's employment in small-scale mining in the Songwe District Council. The study employed a qualitative approach. Seventeen respondents were interviewed and participated in focused group discussions derived from purposive and convenient sampling techniques. Findings show that irrespective of child labour provisions under the Employment and Labour Relation Act (general) regulations of 2017, children did not have resting time; they worked beyond the time given; they lifted too heavy objects; they were not paid wages as stipulated and worked without specified contracts. Drawing from the findings, the government needs to continuously monitor and guarantee the Act's provisions to ensure they are fully enforced in protecting the life and dignity of young Tanzanians working throughout the country. Additionally, communities need to be educated to enhance the Act's enforcement. Further artisanal and small-scale mining studies may employ more data collection sources to transcend this study's theoretical generalisation to the generalisation of findings.
This study examines how external pressures drive a platform leader to fight counterfeiting over time. Acknowledging the tension between the illegality and legitimacy of counterfeiting, we find that the fighting effort involves an enduring balance between the two poles of the tension until counterfeits have been sharply reduced. We demonstrate how the management of the tension entails an interactive process in which a platform leader decouples counterfeit fighting actions to pursue legitimacy. We suggest that pressures from external forces predict a process of decoupling and legitimation through which the platform leader promotes ecosystem acceptance and builds a shared understanding of ecosystem purposes, and the endeavours to balance platform quality and activity prompt the platform leader to pursue legitimation which demonstrates the viability of an ecosystem. We show that these processes are accompanied by activating and stabilising the tension, which predicts varied strength and scope of measures and the reduction of counterfeits over time.
The prospect of sustainability reporting becoming mandatory is raising concerns about its likely threat to the survivability of some businesses. This study was conducted as a result to investigate the consequence of firms' adoption of environmental sustainability reporting on their exposure to insolvency risk. The study's population consists of Nigerian oil and gas companies that are quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Using a purposive sampling method, secondary data were acquired from published annual financial statements of population members for the years 2019 and 2020. Environmental sustainability was operationalised in terms of eight environmental sustainability reporting dimensions which were used to construct the environmental disclosure score, while corporate insolvency risk was measured in terms of probability function of Altman' Z-score. Financial performance was used as the moderating variable. Pooled multiple regression technique was utilized for the analysis based on a 5% level of significance. Our analyses led us to find that environmental sustainability reporting significantly exerts a negative impact on corporate insolvency risk thus allaying stakeholders' apprehension about the institutionalization of sustainability reporting in Nigeria. But it was also found that beyond a certain degree of negative profitability, there exists a possibility for environmental sustainability reporting to significantly exert a positive impact on corporate insolvency risk. It was therefore concluded that, though the concern about sustainability reporting appears to be unfounded because of the confirmed deterrence of environmental sustainability reporting against corporate insolvency risk, it is imperative for regulators to approach any implementation of sustainability reporting with cautious optimism. In line with the conclusion reached, it is the recommendation of this study that governments and regulators should work to incentivize businesses (e.g. tax waivers) to increase their commitment to environmental sustainability reporting rather than a forceful imposition on them.
The Tanimbar Islands Regency has several contradictions with the idea of bureaucratic reform designed by the state, leading to coercive isomorphism in organizational changes due to external pressures. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, gathering data through interviews and document studies. The results indicate that: first, institutional reform will only succeed if there is fairness in resource distribution, both in budget and infrastructure, and if political intervention is minimized to enhance the independence of the existing structures, both regional and functional. This independence can only be achieved by strengthening the capacity of the apparatus in structured performance management based on measurable goal achievements. Second, governance system improvements will not be effective without reforming the mentality of the officials, as improving mentality can maximize compliance with policies and procedures, reducing compromises and formalities in the bureaucracy. Third, in a coercive environment, local governments adjust the qualifications of officials merely to meet the demands of professional image and formality. Fourth, an orientation towards practical politics affects the non-simultaneous bureaucratic reform process and hinders inter-agency coordination.
O governo brasileiro vem buscando incentivar as instituições públicas a implementar os instrumentos normativos voltados para a questão do tema Sustentabilidade, visando proteger o meio ambiente e reduzir gastos públicos. Porém, a mensuração de custos no setor público perpassa por diversas dificuldades. O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender o processo de implantação de um sistema de controle de gastos numa IFES, no estado do Espírito Santo, no período de 2011 a 2019. No estudo de caso, utilizou-se de entrevistas e da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1979) para a análise de dados. Entre os desafios encontrados, destaca-se a busca de um sistema de custo próprio e específico, bem como a necessidade de capacitação e mobilização dos servidores envolvidos no sistema. Verificou-se o envolvimento do corpo técnico para o êxito da implantação do sistema, aberto à utilização do instrumento de gestão estudado. Porém, ainda assim, o sistema vem sendo utilizado de forma esparsa e incompleta.
This chapter provides comprehensive insights into the theories underpinning the water, energy, and food (WEF) nexus. The theories are the securitization theory, Malthusian theory of population, game theory, institutional theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT). The chapter dealt with each of these theories, generating different approaches and strategies for using these theories for resource security and sustainability. The securitization theory generated five (5) questions for robust resource security and sustainability. Preventive checks and resource planning were encouraged in the Malthusian Theory of Population against the Malthusian Catastrophe and Malthusian Cycle. In the game theory, the chapter espoused the applicability of non-cooperative and cooperative games, the use of extensive games, and the importance of information and interest holders within resource games for resource victory. In the Institutional Theory, the chapter recommended four (4) applicability aspects: the sectoral policy, human resource capacity development for nexus thinking, global imitation and local implementation, and stakeholder Management. Moreover, the chapter contextualized the five (5) qualities of IDT to the WEF nexus and recommended the conformance of innovation to social sustainability. Also, the chapter analyzed the perceived ease of use (PEU) and the Perceived Usefulness (PU) of the Technology Acceptance Model within the WEF nexus. The chapter also explained the differences between the Innovation Diffusion Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model as they relate to the WEF nexus, which entails focus and scope, end users, and the context of adoption.
The chapter ended with developing a theoretical synthesis model for WEF nexus security and sustainability. This model integrates and explains the significant insights of the six (6) theories and how they aid resource security and sustainability.
This study entitled ‘Free and Compulsory Education Policy Practice in Ruby Valley: An Analysis of Impacts and Inequalities’ aimed to explore free and compulsory education policy practices in Ruby Valley Municipality in Dhading District of Bagmati Province Nepal. In this study I sought to answer research questions on policy evolution, policy interpretation, negotiation and contestation in Ruby Valley that shaped localized meaning of policy. I have also considered the impact of the policy practice and how local government leadership have influenced the policy practice of free and compulsory education central in this research.
I employed blended policy ethnographies in which I engaged with the local communities using multiple strategies that varied at different stages of the research accommodating the contextual constraints of time, space, and resources. I started with virtual interaction with the local communities in Ruby Valley and in person participation in community interaction and events and observation sociocultural phenomena at the latter stage of the research.
I continued working on the theoretical framework of the study along with the progress of my study to capture the multifaceted influence different aspects as they unfolded during the study in the given complex social context including which includes multiple theoretical dimensions viz. the power structure, rent-seeking behaviour, street-level bureaucracy, survivalist priorities, discourse theory, and framing of issues that influenced the policy practices of free and compulsory education.
The findings of the study revealed that evolution of free and compulsory education is gradual and has stemmed from the initial forms of public education. I also found that the local community contribution has been instrumental in the vii
development of education institutions. However, as it reached the stage of free and compulsory education, there is increasing gaps between the local communities and schools, as a result some crucial issues of community ownership and management have emerged. The school community disconnect is consequence of the rent seeking behaviour among the authorities, and interest groups that seek to take use their influence in the education institutions for their personal and political interest rather than the wider community interest of quality free and compulsory education. The disconnect has not only detached the policy priorities from community needs but also hindered the local community capacity in policy participation and negotiation.
In addition, I found that the survival priorities and lack of access to information to the rights of the local communities have hindered their ability to contest weak policy implementation. Consequently, it has increased the vulnerabilities of the local communities and compelled them to tolerate illegalities in free and compulsory education policy practice and result into the misalignment between policy statement and policy action.
I conclude that the misalignment between the policy statement and policy action is not limited to the capacity gaps but to the school community disconnect and intentional misalignment between the interest of the local communities and local government authorities. The situation exposes how local communities who created the education systems are detached from the school institutions and left vulnerable by creating dual education systems based on their socioeconomic background. It exposes how weakly implemented free and compulsory education results in unequal implication to different groups of people in the community and creates accountability issues, symbolic violence and detachment from school systems with intergenerational equity issues.
Este artigo analisa o processo de institucionalização da política de cotas para negros nos concursos promovidos pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, por meio de análise descritiva das vagas ofertadas entre os anos de 2014 e 2022 e da análise de conteúdo de documentos e entrevistas, realizadas com atores importantes do processo, evidenciando o impacto que diferentes metodologias utilizadas na implementação da lei de cotas provocam nos resultados e no processo de institucionalização desta política pública.
Stakeholders in a business enterprise will seek transparency about how their stake is being progressed. Investors, those responsible for strategy, stewardship, policy, and operations, the workforce, customers, and clients and suppliers will expect a fair return for their capital, belief in a product, or service or talent, and to be treated professionally, fairly, and reasonably. Increasingly, enterprises will also be aware of and try to meet their social obligations through diversity and equality of opportunity and environmental obligations through sustainability goals. In all cases, the entity behind these objectives will have as its principal aim the legal, profitable conversion of materials or intangible assets into saleable products or services. But what is the best way to achieve such laudable goals? The entity that emerged from practice, later refined by theory, was that of the business organisation deemed to be an association of persons grouped together in pursuit of specific goals, where individuals were able to achieve more as a collective than if they were to operate alone. This chapter will provide a summary of theory, practice, and design of organisations across Four Industrial Revolutions.
Agradecimentos PUC MINAS Resumo Este artigo teórico examina elementos que podem influenciar a eficácia dos programas de integridade em organizações de capital aberto. O texto está estruturado em quatro seções teóricas: a ambiguidade das regras e padrões institucionais; dependências dos programas de integridade; os riscos dos programas meramente simbólicos; e a influência da cultura organizacional para a integridade. Através de uma revisão da literatura, o ensaio identifica dois componentes principais que determinam a eficácia desses programas: esforços formais e explícitos para cumprir leis; e influências informais que moldam a cultura organizacional em direção a comportamentos éticos. O artigo conclui que, embora os programas de integridade sejam cruciais para a conformidade legal e a governança ética, sua eficácia no mundo real depende fortemente da adoção cultural genuína e do comprometimento visível da liderança organizacional. Com isso, sublinha-se o papel crítico dos programas de integridade em melhorar a transparência e a confiança corporativa, e enfatiza-se a necessidade de uma abordagem holística, que integre tanto mecanismos formais quanto práticas culturais éticas para incorporar a integridade nas operações organizacionais.
Internationalization of Egyptian Universities to Enhance their Competitive Capabilities in light of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (A Comparative Study)
The current century witnessed an expansion in the processes of globalization and regional integration, and the scope of internationalization activities expanded and changed. So global flows became more massive, and internationalization turned from a marginal activity to a central institutional issue of strategic importance and took several forms. The most important of which is international cooperation between universities and affiliation under the umbrella of global unions for higher education. These unions helped to increase the commonalities between universities where the basic premise became that partners should be similar but at the same time distinct.
In this context, the Belt and Road Initiative allows countries within its scope to share with China their production capacity, technology, capital, expertise, and development model. Therefore, it seeks to achieve three main goals: common renaissance, joint modernization, and inclusive globalization.
The study adopted the comparative approach and concluded by presenting number of proposed procedures that would help Egyptian universities investing in the opportunities offered by the Belt and Road Initiative in achieving internationalization in a way that increases their competitive capabilities.
Keywords: Internationalization of Egyptian Universities- competitive capabilities- the Belt and Road Initiative
Islamic identity is a crucial component in the education provided by Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, serving as a foundation for the formation of character and religious values among students. However, understanding of how students' Islamic identity is formed within the context of learning at madrasah is still limited. This study aims to develop a theory on the process of Islamic identity formation among students using a grounded theory approach. This research employs grounded theory methodology to explore and understand the dynamics of Islamic identity formation among Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with students, teachers, and parents, as well as classroom observations and curriculum document analysis. The data analysis process was conducted iteratively to identify main categories and emerging themes, and to build a comprehensive theory on the identity formation process. The study found that the process of Islamic identity formation among Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students is influenced by a complex interaction between internal and external factors. Internal factors include personal religious understanding and learning experiences, while external factors encompass the influence of the school environment, curriculum, and family support. The findings indicate that students' Islamic identity is shaped through integrated learning experiences, social interactions, and deep personal reflection. This research develops a theory that describes how Islamic identity among Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students is formed within the learning context. The findings provide important insights for curriculum development and teaching strategies aimed at supporting the formation of students' Islamic identity. The implications of this study also highlight the need for stronger support from families and the school environment to facilitate a positive identity formation process.
Este artigo teórico examina elementos que podem influenciar a eficácia dos programas de integridade em organizações de capital aberto. O texto está estruturado em quatro seções teóricas: a ambiguidade das regras e padrões institucionais; dependências dos programas de integridade; os riscos dos programas meramente simbólicos; e a influência da cultura organizacional para a integridade. Através de uma revisão da literatura, o ensaio identifica dois componentes principais que determinam a eficácia desses programas: esforços formais e explícitos para cumprir leis; e influências informais que moldam a cultura organizacional em direção a comportamentos éticos. O artigo conclui que, embora os programas de integridade sejam cruciais para a conformidade legal e a governança ética, sua eficácia no mundo real depende fortemente da adoção cultural genuína e do comprometimento visível da liderança organizacional. Com isso, sublinha-se o papel crítico dos programas de integridade em melhorar a transparência e a confiança corporativa, e enfatiza-se a necessidade de uma abordagem holística, que integre tanto mecanismos formais quanto práticas culturais éticas para incorporar a integridade nas operações organizacionais.
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