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Toward a theory of schizophrenia
... Atpažįstamas latentinis vertinimo mechanizmo vadinamasis Dvigubo susaistymo (angl. Double Bind) konceptas, kurį Bateson (1956Bateson ( , 1972 aprašė dar XX a. antroje pusėje. Bateson inicijuota sisteminės komunikacijos arba dar vadinamos paradoksaliosios komunikacijos teorija toli peržengė psichologijos ir socialinio darbo, kurių kontekste buvo kurta, ribas ir taikoma įvairiose srityse, iš jų ir organizacijų vadyboje (Hennestad, 1990;Visser, Bateson, 2003;Kutz, 2017). ...
... Atpažįstamas latentinis vertinimo mechanizmo vadinamasis Dvigubo susaistymo (angl. Double Bind) konceptas, kurį Bateson (1956Bateson ( , 1972 aprašė dar XX a. antroje pusėje. Bateson inicijuota sisteminės komunikacijos arba dar vadinamos paradoksaliosios komunikacijos teorija toli peržengė psichologijos ir socialinio darbo, kurių kontekste buvo kurta, ribas ir taikoma įvairiose srityse, iš jų ir organizacijų vadyboje (Hennestad, 1990;Visser, Bateson, 2003;Kutz, 2017). ...
Within this paper, the authors examine the school performance quality assessment system in Lithuania from the standpoint of pedagogical staff who find themselves in the status of the assessed. The philosophical concept of The Gaze is used for the interpretation of the results of a quantitative and qualitative survey. The concept of the Gaze, as conceptualized by Sartre and Foucault, helps to understand the sense of tension between freedom and control as experienced by pedagogical staff who find themselves in the status of the assessed. The authors, by applying principles of phenomenological interpretative analysis and descriptive statistics, examine the process of school performance quality assessment as experienced by teachers. The informants identify themes such as stress, distress, work simulation, and creativity restrictions. The authors conclude that school performance quality assessments do emerge as the Gaze, and furthermore as a dilemma of communication known as the Double Bind, when at the same time contradictory objectives are held, and a regressive state of stress and distress is generated as a result. On the bases of results of their research, the authors suggest that the actual school performance quality assessment system in Lithuania must be fundamentally improved by applying the empowering consultancy approach, while measures of quality assessment should be focused on objective indicators of school performance quality assessment.
... https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/tendencias/memes-sismo-mexico-mejores-temblor-cdmx/ Por lo que aquí se aplica inexorablemente la teoría del doble vínculo (Bateson et al., 1956) ante dos circunstancias y paradojas pragmáticas que dificultan cuando no impiden -si nos lo tomamos en serio-una elección frente a una contradicción lógica a partir de dos premisas corrctas. ...
... Y es que no parece claro tomar una decisión y la esquizofrenia parece servida o la teoría del doble vínculo que diría Bateson et al. (1956) y que ya se presentó. ...
Este artículo parte de dos supuestos. En primer lugar, el humor es una expresión que permite, en ocasiones, realizar un acercamiento social a las vivencias, preocupaciones y sentimientos o sensaciones de un colectivo social.
... The consequence of this is that either the action is not carried out, or an elementary basic principle is contravened. A double-bind situation is given, if the situation has the following characteristics (Bateson, Jackson, Haley, & Weakland, 1956;Bateson, 1972;Watzlawick et al., 1967): 1. At least two persons are involved in the situation, whereby one of them is the victim (as the "double bound"). ...
... Thus, the victim no longer perceives the paradox of the demand for action. The victim loses the facility of self-reflection and thus, finally, of self-guidance (Bateson et al., 1956). The transition to schizophrenic perception occurs when one is permanently exposed to double-bind patterns: "Where double-binding is of long-lasting, possibly chronic duration, it will turn into a habitual and autonomous expectation regarding the nature of human relationships and the world at large, an expectation that does not require further reinforcement" (Watzlawick et al., 1967, p. 215). ...
In their recently published article, Berti and Simpson introduced a comprehensive framework for the systematic analysis of the dark side of organizational paradoxes. While I follow the authors in connecting the analysis of this dark side to types of organizational power, I am concerned with the narrow view on double binds as an expression of coercions only. This narrow view not only runs counter to the basic idea of double bind theory, but also neglects or even denies transition dynamics between different types of organizational double binds. To address these issues, I develop an alternative framework for the analysis of the dark side of organizational power that considers double binds in a broader and more fruitful way. This framework not only facilitates the analysis of transition dynamics between types of double binds, but also reveals practical strategies for mitigating paradoxes and disentangling them from implicit structures that are in the blind spot of Berti and Simpson's framework.
... According to Bateson et al. (1956) the necessary ingredients for a double-bind situation include: ...
The aim of this research project was to investigate narrative therapy, the so-called leading development in family therapy. The research started by tracing the logical line of development preceding the emergence of narrative therapy. It found that the first major development was from the intrapsychic to interpsychic perspective: this marked the transition from speculation about the individual’s subjective experience to the observation of human behaviour. The second major development was the advent, in the 1950s, of general systems theory (GST), which was based on the development from the lineal to nonlineal perspective. A revolutionary approach, this enabled the observation of relationship or interdependence. The research highlighted that in the course of the development of GST Humberto Maturana,
the biologist, made the apparent discovery that there is no such thing as objective
observation. It was established, however, that Maturana went too far and ended up
overemphasising the subjectivity of the observer. The research revealed that the field’s uncritical acceptance and adoption of Maturana’s conclusions constituted a major disruption in its own development. First, having altogether discarded the value of observation, it dismissed nearly a century’s worth of development, namely that from the intrapsychic to interpsychic perspective and the advent of GST. Secondly, having overemphasised the observer’s subjectivity, the field embraced the recent philosophical occurrence of postmodernism. This philosophy asserts that all knowing is interpretive (or subjective) and, hence, it is the knower that interprets, creates, or invents “reality.” The research established that one of the developments to emerge from postmodernism was narrative therapy. It found that narrative therapy’s strong emphasis on the individual’s subjective experience is in keeping with an intrapsychic perspective, which represents an earlier phase in the field’s
development, and is thus inconsistent with the subsequent interpsychic perspective adopted by GST. Furthermore, it was found that this approach bears a close
resemblance to a number of former developments within the intrapsychic tradition. Thus, the research revealed that the said leading development of family therapy, namely narrative therapy, is not “a bona fide development of general systems theory.” It represents, moreover, at least in part, “a reinvention of the wheel.” In concluding, the research recommended that: (a) GST and the interpsychic perspective be reinstated, and (b) the philosophy of postmodernism be relinquished and that moderate (scientific) realism be adopted instead, on which to ground the
future developments of our field.
... Interpretation: Der Begriff "Double Bind" wurde von Gregory Bateson et al. (1956) geprägt und diente ursprünglich als kommunikationstheoretischer Zugang zu einem neuen Verständnis schizophrener Erkrankungen. Der Begriff bezieht sich auf paradoxe bzw. ...
... Результатом этого может стать развитие специфических для шизофрении стратегий коммуникации (в виде ухода, параноических построений или конкретности суждений) как способа выйти из ситуации «двойного послания» и адаптации к данному внутрисемейному взаимодействию. Понимание истинного намерения, послания другого человека и учет контекста коммуникации оказываются недоступными [3]. Эмпирические исследования подтверждают особую семейную коммуникацию, в которой родственники пациентов с шизофренией делают значимо больше высказываний, навязывающих пациенту чувство неадекватности собственного восприятия (например, утверждающие, что он испытывает чувство, иное тому, о котором он заявляет) [21]. ...
В рамках культурно-исторического подхода к расстройствам мышления при шизофрении в качестве центрального дефекта выделяется патологическое функционирование понятийного аппарата (знаково-символической системы) и динамической смысловой системы. В настоящей статье делается попытка рассмотреть данные нарушения в их онтогенетическом развитии с учетом того вклада, который может внести психоаналитический подход в понимание их причин. Данные теоретические школы являются наиболее разработанными подходами в изучении развития индивида, однако делают в нем различные акценты. Так, культурно-историческая психология в большей степени опирается на развитие мышления и роль значения в организации психических функций, а психоанализ – на роль раннего опыта в развитии эмоциональной регуляции, Эго, защитных механизмов. Психоаналитический подход, особенно теория объектных отношений, позволяет раскрыть специфику аффективной сферы и диадического взаимодействия, а также появление символа на ранних этапах онтогенеза, которые обуславливают развитие смыслового поля и символической функции. Особый акцент в рамках психоанализа делается на детском опыте, ведущем к различным патологиям, включая возможные нарушения символической функции при расстройствах шизофренического спектра. Структуралистский подход в понимании психоза, представленный Ж. Лаканом, позволяет увидеть точки пересечения между данными концепциями, проведя параллели между нарушениями в формировании означающего у человека с психотическим уровнем функционирования и нарушениями предметной отнесенности, а в последующем понятийного аппарата при шизофрении.
Within the framework of the cultural and historical approach to thought disorders in schizophrenia, the pathological functioning of the conceptual apparatus (symbolic system) and the dynamic semantic system is singled out as a central defect. This article attempts to examine these disorders in their ontogenetic progression, taking into account the contribution that the psychoanalytic approach may have in understanding their causes. These theoretical schools represent the most developed approaches in studying the evolution of individuality, but they emphasize it in different ways. Thus, cultural-historical psychology relies mostly on the development of thinking and the role of meaning in organizing mental functions, while psychoanalysis focuses on the role of early experience in the development of emotional regulation, the ego, and defense mechanisms. The psychoanalytic approach, especially the theory of object relations, allows revealing the specificity of the affective sphere and dyadic interaction, as well as the appearance of a symbol in the early stages of ontogenesis, which determine the development of the meaning field and the symbolic function. Particular emphasis within psychoanalysis is given to childhood experiences leading to various pathologies, including eventual disturbances of symbolic function in schizophrenic spectrum disorders. The structuralist approach to understanding psychosis, presented by J. Lacan, allows seeing points of intersection between these approaches, drawing parallels between disturbances in the formation of the signifier in an individual with a psychotic level of functioning and disturbances in object relations, and subsequently the conceptual apparatus in schizophrenia.
... Cubren la necesidad de nombrar temores y enojos a modo de catalizador (Knapp, 1944;Allport y Postman, 1978). Y es que sin duda suavizan tensión, como se dijo, reducen ansiedad y desasosiego emocional, y ante la disonancia cognitiva (Festinger, 1957) o el doble vínculo (Bateson et al., 1956), por solo citar un par de teorías psicológicas, colabora en el amortiguamiento o descenso de la angustia, descargando estrés, nervios, ira y pánico, tristezas y desensibilizaciones o estados de sensación de estar perdidos. Si bien es cierto que la reiteración del relato aumenta la angustia y depresión, y puede provocar incluso pánico, no es menos cierto que colabora en transitar dichos trastornos. ...
RESUMEN
Se presenta un acercamiento al rumor en torno a la pandemia, especialmente en México, con
objeto de ver sus características y función benéfica en un contexto de crisis. Se revisan mensajes
en medios e instituciones y sin desconocer rumores peligrosos, se focalizan los considerados
positivos. Como resultado, se señalan algunos beneficios mentales -interpretar-, afectivos -aliviar,
contactar- y comportamentales -expresar, conectar-. Además, algunos portan un mensaje de
cambio, colaboración y quizás también esperanza.
Palabras clave: rumores; características; necesidades; beneficios; miradas alternativas.
ABSTRACT
An approach to the rumor about the pandemic is presented, especially in Mexico, in order to see
its characteristics and beneficial function in a context of crisis. Messages in the media and
institutions are reviewed and without ignoring dangerous rumors, those considered positive are
focused. As a result, some mental benefits -interpret-, affective -relieve, contact- and behavioral
-expression, connect- are pointed out. In addition, some carry a message of change, collaboration
and perhaps also hope.
Keywords: rumors; characteristics; needs, benefits; alternative views.
... They didn't think schizophrenia was a real illness. They thought schizophrenia was caused by life's social constraints [1]. ...
Background: Schizophrenia is defined by basic and recurring cognitive and perceptual abnormalities, as well as inappropriate or dulled affect. And catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by prominent psychomotor disturbances.
Methodology: The study was conducted in the months of November and December 2021. The researcher had used a qualitative approach to understand the impact of family members on patient with catatonic schizophrenia. The researcher took permission from the hospital and consent from the patient and his family members to conduct the study.
Results: The results indicated that there was an avoid in relapse while staying with low expressed emotion family and the yielded results were similar to decades of research on schizophrenia and EE families.
Conclusion: This study proves that there is an impact of family members on patient outcome.
... Зака сравнивает это положение с ситуацией «двойного послания». Это понятие впервые использовалось, чтобы описать коммуникативную ситуацию, в которой «невозможно выиграть, что бы человек не делал», предположительно способную вызвать симптомы шизофрении (Bateson et al. 1956). В дальнейшем двойное послание было распространено в гендерных и постколониальных исследованиях практик угнетения. ...
... Pero en el plano clínico y de investigación, las teorías sistémicas, en sus inicios, se concentraron principalmente en el estudio de la esquizofrenia y de problemas psiquiátricos mayores. "Hacia una teoría de la esquizofrenia" (Bateson et al, 1956) será el artículo/manifiesto del Mental Research Institute. La teoría de doble vínculo se convertirá por largo tiempo en el modelo interpretativo del origen de la esquizofrenia y será considerado como el modelo universal para comprender el origen de la psicopatología (Watzlawick, Beavin y Jackson, 1991). ...
... In einer Langzeitstudie sind folgende Ergebnisse erzielt worden: 20 Jahre nach Behandlungsbeginn hatte die OD-Gruppe gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe signifikant weniger Krankenhausaufenthalte, Behindertenbeihilfe, Residualsymptomatik und Neuroleptika (Bateson et al., 1956;Lakeman, 2014 ...
Für viele der immer größer werdenden Zahl älterer Menschen mit Schizophrenieerkrankungen fehlen angemessene Versorgungsstrukturen. Dabei sind diese Menschen besonders von starken Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität und einer höheren Sterberate, zusätzlichen Erkrankungen sowie von Medikamentennebenwirkungen bedroht. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden Besonderheiten schizophrener Psychosen im Alter dargestellt und sowohl Unzulänglichkeiten wie Möglichkeiten vorhandener Strukturen und Therapien aufgezeigt. Besonders wichtig ist der Erhalt sozialer Verbindungen und eine Erweiterung und Ausweitung bestehender Angebote. Eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung als selbstverständlicher Baustein in der Versorgung eines älteren Menschen mit schizophrener Psychose kann verbinden, was auseinandergefallen ist, auseinanderzufallen droht.
... El paso de la periferia al centro, incluso cuando es exitoso desde un punto de vista externo (es decir, cuando el migrante consigue establecerse y encontrar un trabajo), no implica alcanzar la integración social y, sobre todo, la aceptación social. La relación de los migrantes con la sociedad de acogida (y de muchos nativos con su propia sociedad) se encuentra en un doble vínculo (Bateson et al. 1956): por un lado, está la promesa de éxito económico y de integración plena, si se esfuerzan por ello; por otro, está la amarga experiencia de trabajar duro (a menudo sin un salario digno) y, sin embargo, ser objeto de rechazo social y ser empujado a los márgenes de la vida económica, social y política. ...
Este artículo se centra en el concepto de marginación. Al hacerlo, cuestiona el paradigma dualista dominante en la filosofía política contemporánea, centrado sobre dicotomías como nacional/extranjero, ciudadano/migrante, a este lado de la frontera/del otro lado de la frontera, y adopta un paradigma global centrado en la dialéctica centro/periferia, retomando ideas centrales de las teorías de la dependencia y del sistema-mundo. Defiende que no sólo las fronteras nacionales dividen a la población mundial según criterios arbitrarios, sino que también las fronteras de clase desempeñan el mismo papel dentro de las sociedades nacionales. En ambos casos, los individuos no son excluidos del ámbito económico, político y social, sino que son empujados a sus márgenes. La descripción de la vida a los márgenes nos debería ayudar a repensar la organización global de la economía capitalista y de las relaciones entre centro y periferia.
... The introduction of the reflecting team by Tom Andersen (Andersen, 1987) has been described as revolutionary in the development of family therapy (Brownlee et al., 2009). Andersen was influenced by a social constructionist epistemology and the works of Gregory Bateson (Bateson et al., 1963) and Humberto Maturana (Maturana and Varela, 1980). These writings emphasised the construction of many unique realities based on perspectives and interactions with the environment. ...
Tom Andersen’s reflecting team process, which allowed families to witness and respond to the talk of professionals during therapy sessions, has been described as revolutionary in the field of family therapy. Reflecting teams are prominent in a number of family therapy approaches, more recently in narrative and dialogical therapies. This way of working is considered more a philosophy than a technique, and has been received positively by both therapists and service users. This paper describes how dialogical therapists conceptualise the reflective process, how they work to engage families in reflective dialogues and how this supports change. We conducted semi-structured, reflective interviews with 12 dialogical therapists with between 2 and 20 years of experience. Interpretative Phenomenological analysis of transcribed interviews identified varying conceptualisations of the reflecting process and descriptions of therapist actions that support reflective talk among network members. We adopted a dialogical approach to interpretation of this data. In this sense, we did not aim to condense accounts into consensus but instead to describe variations and new ways of understanding dialogical reflecting team practices. Four themes were identified: Lived experience as expertise; Listening to the self and hearing others; Relational responsiveness and fostering connection; and Opening space for something new. We applied these themes to psychotherapy process literature both within family therapy literature and more broadly to understand more about how reflecting teams promote helpful and healing conversations in practice.
... These changed musical relationships are theorised through the work of Gregory Bateson, in particular his work on schizophrenia (Bateson, 1956) which examines the nature of schizophrenic breakdown in the family context and emphasises the importance of the relationship between embodied communication and linguistic communication. This analysis is then used to consider the role of augmented instruments (musical or not), in which embodiment, or tokens of embodiment, are changed, augmented, or adjusted by adding mediatised elements. ...
This paper explores some of the changed relationships between body and environment that occur when instruments are augmented by electronic or digital circuits. Taking Gregory Bateson’s theorisation of the schizophrenic body (1973) as its starting point, the paper explores situations in which the relationship between the performer, body, and instrument takes on increasingly separate communicational modes, in which the body and its meanings come to resemble the ‘unlabelled metaphor’ of the schizophrenic. A series of instrument/personas are brought before us, representing both the ‘norm’ of acoustic instrumental performances and the extreme limits of instrumental identity, offering critical insight into the space that augmented instruments occupy and transform. In considering some of these changes, and in reaching towards their extremities, attention is paid to the friction or awkwardness that accompanies the metamorphosis. In the same way that the ability of a language to ‘point’ is fraught with inconsistencies and potentials for misunderstanding, so the transformation in instrumental identities does not happen in a smooth and transparent way. However, the changes do create the potential for new sensibilities and forms of critical and ethical awareness.
... Neste ponto, observa-se que existe uma "flexibilização" da cuidadora que gera enquadres conflitantes: por um lado, ela propõe o enquadre de que a idosa "não tem idade para novidade" e, por outro, traz o enquadre de que "todas [idosas] que estão ali procuram algo pra se distrair". O aparente duplo vínculo (BATESON et al., 1956) se expressa no par mutuamente excludente de orientações: você não pode desejar novidades/você tem que procurar novas distrações. Ele demarca a significação de que os idosos precisam ocupar seu tempo com atividades novas, mas que existem apenas certas atividades que um idoso pode desejar ou realizar, sancionadas pela instituição e pelos cuidadores. ...
RESUMO Este artigo buscou analisar os discursos de profissionais de saúde relacionados aos cuidados de idosas institucionalizadas e ligados aos estigmas do momento de banho, por meio da análise da conversa etnometodológica e ancorado na análise sociointeracional do discurso. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de notas de campo e gravações de momentos de interação entre cuidadoras e idosas residentes de uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) selecionada. O estudo apontou algumas características comuns evidenciadas pela literatura quanto aos estigmas vivenciados por idosos que vivem em ILPI, tais como: idade e abrigamento como vetores da estigmatização, repetição e confirmação do estigma e recusa do estigma pelo ser que deseja. Apesar das limitações do estudo, a autora aponta a relevância de que o estudo seja replicado em outros contextos de cuidado e de que sejam realizadas análises das interações em outros cuidados prestados a esta clientela específica de forma a propiciar uma visão ampliada acerca dessas interações e suas repercussões nos atores envolvidos.
... This 2 For those relatively new to the field, Jay Haley (1923Haley ( -2007 was one of the "first generation" major developers of family therapy, systemic-strategic therapy, and brief therapy. He was a coauthor of the famous "double-bind" article (Bateson et al., 1956), the founding editor of the journal Family Process, the person who most brought Milton Erickson to wider recognition (e.g., Haley, 1973Haley, , 1985, and the author of numerous foundational brief therapy texts. In writing and speech, he was known for his perspicuity, avoidance of obfuscating jargon, and frequent use of satiric-ironic humor. ...
... At each juncture, however, the child requires authorization, which can be defined as a spoken or unspoken sanction for actions and thoughts granted by a parent (or other authority) to a dependent (Schore 1991, 194-196). The key to authorization is its "doublebind" (Bateson, Jackson, Haley & Weakland 1956) character: Any possible independent action on the child's part is always already framed by the authority's previous command (Kelley 2021a(Kelley , 1057. After all, the word "authority" derives from the Latin auctor, meaning "producer", or "he that brings about the existence of [something], or by his efforts gives greater permanence or continuance to it" (Lewis & Short 1958, 198). ...
The chapter uses the methods of psychobiography and object relations theory to conduct a single-case study of the life and loves of German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl (1902-2003). Leni's childhood home was dominated by her father, who had to be cajoled, and sometimes outright deceived, into supporting his daughter's desire to enter a career in the performing arts. Unfortunately, Leni's success was often her worst enemy: Just as she evaded her father Albert's censorious glance, so did she avoid the barbs of German film critics by gaining Adolf Hitler as her patron until the fall of the Nazi regime in 1945. At this time, Leni lost not only her marriage and her film career, but even her sanity, if only for a short time. The chapter shows, through a Fairbairnian analysis, how Leni adapted to the disaster that was her early career by reinventing herself as a photographer of African tribes. Also, in her romantic life, she changed tacks. Compared with her late-in-life companion Horst Kettner, Leni's early romances were relatively shallow either because her counterpart was too involved in promoting her career (Harry Sokal) or too far removed from her working life (Peter Jacob).
... The mixed messages of this double bind phenomenon can muddle an analyst's motivation for delivering an insightful product. 21 The first step in overcoming this double bind-and in guiding individual analysts and their intelligence organizations toward insightful assessments-is to realize that insight is a psychological and a socialpsychological phenomenon. Intelligence agencies can gain valuable lessons on insight by looking beyond intelligence, history, and national security studies-their traditional purview-and exploring the disciplines of psychology and social psychology in order to reflect upon themselves and their practices. ...
The Intelligence Community (IC) has identified insight as a desirable outcome of its intelligence assessments, but the community does not understand the insight process well enough to consistently achieve such an outcome. This gap of knowledge places intelligence analysts and managers in a double bind and reduces their ability and motivation to comply with policymakers' calls for insightful assessments. Theoretically, insight and creativity have been studied under very specific conditions: in controlled laboratory experiments, interviews, or historical reviews of either individuals who work in full-time creative positions that produce recognized creative outcomes, like Nobel Prize winners, or those who experience critical incidents. Little, if any, research has considered professionals not in full-time creative positions-e.g., intelligence analysts who apply analytical knowledge-who periodically are insightful. To fill these practitioner and theoretical gaps, a qualitative, interview-based study was conducted to understand how insight emerged in 36 intelligence analysts who solved novel problems. The findings identified a four-phase process: a triggering phase consisting of unpredictability, problem finding, problem type, and conflicting representations; an emergence phase consisting of internalized tensions, priming, and dwell time; an insight phase; and an after-insight phase consisting of resistance, mitiga-tion, and solutions. The process produced four archetypes of insight outcomes across the emotion-cognition and individual-social dimensions: understanding of novel problems; effective communication of complexity with others; self-reflection and greater awareness; and navigation of organizational politics and agendas. Individuals who experienced insights developed long-term, compelling emotional and cognitive benefits.
... Elaboré à partir de l'observation de familles de schizophrènes, ce concept est, avec le concept d'homéostasie familiale, le principal apport de l'école de Palo Alto. Décrit pour la première fois par Bateson, Jackson et Haley(1956), il a été complété et développé ensuite par d'autres auteurs. Avant de définir ce concept, il nous semble nécessaire d'introduire quelques notions de la théorie de la communication, base de son élaboration. ...
Mes recherches théoriques et cliniques pourraient être résumées sur quatre axes, dont le transgénérationnel constitue à la fois le pivot central sur les principales influences qui produisent le symptôme de l’enfant est le fil d’Ariane de mes travaux. Voilà les quatre axes développés : la famille, le féminin-masculin, la problématique de la langue, l'inscription, la trace, la remémoration et l'oubli.
... Sabemos que la utilidad psicoterapéutica y la significación clínica, que tanto el paciente como los familiares atribuyan al grupo, determinará la continuidad de asistencia al espacio grupal. En este caso, hay que tener en cuenta tanto las dificultades de vinculación propias de los jóvenes con un trastorno psicótico inicial como la complejidad de las dinámicas del núcleo familiar (31). ...
Multifamily psychotherapy is a complex,
rich and inclusive group therapy model that
allows patients, families and a therapeutic
team to be included in the same place. The
first experiences in multi-family groups began
in the United States during the 1950s,
in hospital settings, for the treatment of
psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.
Over time, the multi-family model has been
spread throughout the world and has been
implemented in different healthcare services
such as day hospitals or community
programs as well as in a wide variety of clinical
populations. In February 2018, in the
Early Intervention Team in Psychosis (EIPP)
of the Baix Empordà area, of the public
mental health network of the province of Girona,
a Multifamily Group (MFG) is created
for young people who have suffered from a
First Psychotic Episode (FPE) or they are at
risk of suffering it, the so-called High Risk
Mental States (HRMS). The team builds a
group therapeutic scenario with the aim of
linking, controlling and giving continuity of
treatment to the patient and their family.
Our multifamily approach has been inspired
by Jaakko Seikkula’s ideas and his Open Dialogue
psychotherapeutic model, and by the
contributions of Irvin Yalom on the efficacy
of Group Therapeutic Factors. We have placed
special emphasis on the elements to be
taken into account when managing the emotional
climate of the group, which is known
as one of the most important variables of
psychic change. Our GMF has as its particular
characteristic, Interdisciplinary Therapeutic
Management. This article shows the process
of implementation and integration of the
GMF in an incipient psychotic disorders early
intervention community program.
Key Words: multifamily psychotherapy,
group psychotherapy, incipient psychosis,
first psychotic episode, high-risk mental
state.
... Another approach is narrative therapy which examines the social construction of psychosis by locating the problem outside the individual, enhancing personal agency, and countering their 'sick role' identity [62]. Therapeutic interventions focus on interactional patterns, personal and societal meanings of psychosis. ...
This research explores how systemic therapies have been utilised in the care of people who experience psychosis, and how systemic practice informs their therapy and consultation. Firstly, 'psychosis' is defined, focusing on the shift from the medical model of 'treatment' toward a relational understanding; normalising and supporting people impacted by psychosis. Next, a brief social and historical context is explored by discussing how the conceptualisation of psychosis has changed across time and throughout culture. Adverse health and social outcomes are highlighted, along with established interventions including talking therapies. The origins of systems theory and systemic therapies are observed, examining how this influences approaches to psychosis. The available literature is evaluated and critiqued. Finally, the ways in which systemic therapies have been utilised in the care of people who experience psychosis are debated. Consideration is given to how this can inform direct and indirect therapy and consultation.
... Above the teacher describes that she would like to support the children in her own way, to be with them and be present for them, but she is forced to comply with the goals that others impose on her activity and have to spend a lot of time in documenting what she has done, which is away from her actual time with the children. In effect, she is confronted with a double bind that annoys her, that is, a situation in which she receives two messages which negate each other (Bateson et al., 1956). On the one hand, if she does her job as she thinks the children need, she will get scolding from her colleagues and leadership. ...
Although the importance of caring in the work of early childhood educators is widely recognised, commonly held and simplistic conceptions of care hide the complexity of the emotional and relational demands that constitute educational activity. The aim of this chapter is to advance a holistic conceptualisation for researching and promoting care and compassion as an aspect of early childhood educators’ professional activity. Building on a novel, cultural-historical approach for investigating compassion and care, we offer and discuss a nuanced conceptualisation of compassion in ECEC settings that posits compassion as both constituted in and constitutive of social activity. In this perspective, compassion is conceptualised as a caring response to others’ unmet needs. This may involve not only alleviating the immediate suffering, but also acting to transform the social circumstances that damage people or cause them distress. Drawing from an ethnographic study of compassion in Finnish kindergartens, we provide an analysis of accounts by Finnish ECEC educators which will serve to illustrate our conceptualisation of the critical and transformative aspects of compassion.
... Io posso dire "benvenuto" a una persona volgendogli le spalle: in questo modo gli darò, attraverso il corpo, un messaggio esattamente opposto a quello che esprimo a parole. È questo ciò che Gregory Bateson (1956) chiama il "doppio legame" (o doppio vincolo): un messaggio ambivalente che disorienta l'interlocutore. ...
... erpret Greek materials, and in part (by Kohut, Kernberg, Bateson, and many others) to extend the clinical effectiveness of Freudian ideas in the United States and generally, by taking into account the existence and importance of chronic abnormalities of family dynamics in the gene sis of psychological problems (Slater, GH;Kohut, Self: Kernberg 1975, Bateson et. al. 1956. In Childlike Achilles. MacCary applies the theories of Kohut and Kernberg, among others, to the Iliad. These revised psychologies in turn have been used, notably by Christopher Lasch and by Slater himself, to analyze features of contemporary American culture. If their analyses are correct, some elements of our own family experiences ma ...
Specialists in ancient Greek political theory have traditionally focused on the canonical works of Plato and Aristotle. This dissertation explores relationships among psychology, politics, and political thought in two Greek epics that treat public themes and are addressed to broad, politically significant audiences. Rather than culling political dicta or representations of political institutions from each narrative, I examine their effects on audiences' views of issues vital to communal well-being. Audience concerns are inferred both from the works themselves and from their political and historical milieu: the early aristocratic polis and ethnos.
The epics reflect not only contemporary political developments but underlying psychology: character traits deriving from standard strategies for coping with culturally typical gender conflicts and family dilemmas. Viewed psychologically, and despite ostentatious displays of intractability and defiance, the real problem posed by Achillean heroism for the polis is that it is too accommodating to authority and lacking in autonomy to foster independent participation in communal self-governance.
Ostensibly recounting the origins of Zeus' just regime, the Theogony is a veiled address to an audience of potential citizens, in which Hesiod serves as prophet and theorist of the citizen-states that increasingly replaced narrow aristocracies in the 7th and 6th centuries.
Remarkably, the poem founds its model of sovereign authority and order on a fairly successful (by modern standards) resolution of specifically Greek gender and oedipal conflicts.
Beyond extending our knowledge of early Greek political thought, the dissertation suggests that while political thought is inescapably grounded in psychology, it is not necessarily determined by unconscious aims and conflicts. A culture's unexamined psychological cruxes can indeed shape, limit, or distort political vision, but recalling and reworking them can reveal invaluable political possibilities that would otherwise be overlooked.
... This implication pertains to the fact that survival can often be identified as one of a system's purposes, and that the way that this survival tendency manifests may, at times, not be compatible with one or more of a system's other purposes. Bateson et al. (1956) use the example of the psychiatric hospital to make this point: ...
The challenge of improving the functioning of child protection systems is a complex one shared by many governments internationally. In Australia alone, there have been dozens of public inquiries and reform efforts in this vitally important domain over the past four decades. The English system has also undergone numerous reforms, including that led by Munro a decade ago. Despite these efforts, systemic pathologies persist. This article views the challenges of child protection reform through the lens of the long-established transdisciplinary systems science of cybernetics. This article argues that reform efforts are often founded on an epistemological and ontological error. Despite pervasive recourse to use of the term ‘child protection system’, and reference to the need for ‘systemic’ change, reform efforts, to varying degrees, fail to operate from a basis in the established tenets of systems science. A critique is offered and some fundamental ‘rules’ that should inform such reform efforts are distilled. It is argued that to achieve positive and enduring change, these systems must be ‘built’ from the front line. It is also argued that the political context in which reform efforts take place is perhaps more of a hindering factor than is the complexity of the systems themselves.
... 149 "not doing, not knowing" 150 Double bind. Gregory Bateson dvojnou väzbou vysvetľoval schizofrenogénne správanie matky vzhľadom na jej dieťa, keď ho vystavuje inkompatibilnými požiadavkami na explicitnej a implicitnej, verbálnej a neverbálnej úrovni, pričom každá z týchto úrovní nesie inú informáciu, takže sú vo vzájomnom rozpore (Bateson et al, 1956). Ak matkino správanie nie je korigované niekým iným a z daných situácií, ktoré takto zažíva, nie je úniková cesta, obranou dieťaťa voči matkinej i svojej ambivalencii je strata schopnosti porozumieť jemnostiam komunikácie, schopnosti rozoznávať implicitné a explicitné obsahy, čo podľa Batesona môže viesť (Krabec, 1999;Knobloch a Knoblochová, 1993 (Kaščáková, 2007). ...
Knižka je teoretickou reflexiou hypnotických fenoménov, ich histórie a ich súvislostí so psychopatológiou, najmä problémom vedomia, vnímania, identity a disociácie.
El libro La terapia familiar sistémica y el pensamiento del tercer orden, es una im- portante reflexión crítica que visibiliza cómo los sistemas cambian sistemas, y la responsabilidad de las y los psicoterapeutas en aportar o brindar intervenciones incorporando la socioculturalidad, multiculturalidad y perspectiva de género y feminista, para buscar el bienestar desde la construcción de procesos relacionales con justicia social.
Se trata de una metaperspectiva que plantea la importancia de cuestionarnos las construcciones identitarias propias, de inicio, y de nuestras y nuestros usuarios de servicios de salud mental, para que con base en esas características, podamos acercarnos a comprender su experiencia, considerando los sistemas que influyen, o en algunos casos generan su malestar, pero además, los recursos y limitantes que puede haber en su tratamiento”.
Family therapy is a form of psychotherapy that conceptualizes personal/individual problematic behaviors as embedded within a person's relationships rather than locating them within the intrapsychic world. Presenting problems are “symptoms” of systemic distress in a client's life, serving as signals that interpersonal relationships are somehow disjointed or causing harm. Origins of “problems” are less significant than the ways in which troublesome behaviors are interpersonally (systemically) supported and maintained. The family systems metaphor has stimulated challenging examinations of gender inequalities, interpersonal power differentials, and cultural variations of preferred interaction. Postmodern ideas have ushered in discursive/narrative metaphors that have pushed the systems metaphor to include language practices and societal discourses. True to the origins of family therapy in challenging social norms, the field continues to evolve by examining its own premises.
En ce début de XXIe siècle, les avancées de la biologie moléculaire et des biotechnologies sont prometteuses d’une révolution en médecine clinique. Cependant, ces avancées spectaculaires ne doivent pas faire disparaître la dimension humaine des consultations médicales, « au lit du patient ». Il nous semble que le conseil génétique, qui correspond à la fois à un processus et à une consultation, a su préserver cette dimension humaine. Il est l’objet de cette recherche, de sa création à nos jours, en particulier au regard de l’accompagnement psychologique. En effet, comment traiter l’angoisse d’anticipation provoquée par les tests présymptomatiques et génétiques ? Il y a deux modèles : le modèle nord-américain qui s’appuie sur l’éthique du Care et s’enracine dans la sphère privée, à l’origine pour combattre l’eugénisme ; le modèle français qui s’appuie sur la psychopathologie de l’angoisse, la nosographie psychiatrique et psychanalytique, le biodroit. Or, notre analyse du positionnement des conseillers en génétique nord-américains montre qu’il présente de nombreux intérêts, dont celui d’apporter un soutien psychologique efficient et d’échapper au biopouvoir. Notre hypothèse est qu’il serait souhaitable qu’il se généralise à la consultation de médecine clinique du futur.
One of the paradoxes of our current era is that only 10% of obese or overweight people are actually dieting, whereas nearly 20% of the remaining population are trying to lose weight, even if they do not need to. This volume looks into our contemporary relationship with food by inserting current body image and eating disorders, like orthorexia and bigorexia, into a broader, historical overview. Gabrielli and Irtelli combine their knowledge of psychoanalysis and anthropology with scientific research and clinical experience to create this truly interdisciplinary work. Their study uses psychoanalytical theories about our 'hyper-modern' times to trace the impact that mass media has on individuals, families and societies. It explores various 'food tribes' and exposes the contradictions of today's mass media that advertise fitness and dieting alongside increasingly tastier and accessible foods. The work helps us to understand our highly social relationship with our bodies and what we eat.
The study investigated family therapy as a predictor of well-being among Schizophrenic patients. Family therapy is a therapeutic approach used to help people with schizophrenia deepen their family connections to get through stressful times. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Two hundred and ninety-seven (297) schizophrenic patients participated in the study. An adapted and validated questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of r = 0.77 was used for data collection. Four (4) trained research assistants helped in data collection. Frequency count, simple percentages, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Regression Analysis were used as statistical tools. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level. The study established a significant relationship between family therapy and the health of schizophrenics (r = .605, n = 297, p < 0.05). A significant relationship also exists between family therapy and the emotional stability of schizophrenics (r = .527, n = 297, p < 0.05). In the same vein, there is a significant relationship between family therapy and the recovery of schizophrenics (r = .606, n = 297, p < 0.05). It was established that family therapy jointly predicts the well-being and recovery of schizophrenics.
Liderlerin olumlu sonuçları olduğunu düşünmeye meyilli olsak da, liderleri yöneticilerden ayıran davranışlar, organizasyonlar ve çalışanlar için zararlı, hatta yıkıcı olma potansiyeline de sahiptir. Geçmişe yönelik ampirik çalışmalar, liderliğin olumsuz yönlerine daha az ilgi göstermiş olmakla birlikte günümüz araştırmacıları, liderin her zaman pozitif itici bir güç olmayacağını vurgulayarak bu yöndeki çalışmalarını artırmışlardır. Bir liderin davranışları abartılı hale geldiğinde, gerçeklikten koptuğunda veya tamamen kişisel kazanç için araç haline geldiğinde, lider çalışanlarına ve organizasyonuna zarar vermektedir. Güçlü bir liderin hem olumlu hem de olumsuz bir yüzü olduğu açıktır. Bu nedenle liderin varlığı doğrudan çalışanlar, organizasyonlar ve zaman zaman toplumlar için belirli riskler taşımaktadır. Liderliğin karanlık tarafını keşfetmek diğer bir ifade ile "kara kutusunun" daha derinlemesine araştırılması örgütlerin stratejik vizyonunu ve genel yönetim uygulamalarını geliştirmek için önemlidir. Mevcut çalışmada, liderliğin karanlık tarafının nomolojik ağları hakkındaki bilgimizi genişletmek ve önceki araştırmalardan daha istikrarlı meta-analitik tahminler sağlamak hedeflenmektedir. Diğer bir ifade ile çalışma, Star Wars'ın efsanevi kötü nam salmış lideri Darth Vader'ın "Keşke karanlık tarafın gücünü bilseydin" (If you only knew the power of the dark side) şeklinde belirttiği gibi liderliğin karanlık tarafını anlamlandırmaya çalışmaktadır. Kitapta yer verilen olumsuz liderliğe yönelik literatürün ileride yapılacak çalışmalara kaynak teşkil etmesi ve uygulayıcılarda farkındalık yaratması temennisiyle…
Dr. Lütfi SÜRÜCÜ
As recently as the late 20th century, Schizophrenia, a category of mental illness with widely varying phenotypic symptoms, was believed by psychobiologists to be a genetically based disorder in which the environment played a limited etiological role. Yet a growing body of evidence indicates a strong correlation between schizophrenia and environmental factors. This theoretical paper explores the relationship between highly elevated rates of schizophrenia in some low-income minority communities worldwide and trauma-related dissociative symptoms that often mimic schizophrenia. Elevated rates of schizophrenia in racially and ethnically isolated, inner-city Black populations are well documented. This paper contains evidence proposing that this amplification in the rate of schizophrenia is mediated by childhood trauma, disorganized attachment, and social defeat. Further, evidence demonstrating how these three variables combine in early childhood to incubate dissociative disorders will also be conveyed. The misdiagnosis of dissociative disorders as schizophrenia is theorized to partially mediate the increased rate of schizophrenia in communities that experience high levels of racial/ethnic discrimination. It is argued that this misdiagnosis is often attributable to cultural misunderstanding and/or a lack of knowledge about dissociative disorders
Jean‐Paul Sartre coined a psychoanalytic method in his biographical works to evidence existential choices while distancing himself from Freudian models. The novella “L'enfance d'un chef” (1939) is the pretext to explore the life plan of an individual prone to schizoid syndromes due to his upbringing and social binds. This article examines the itinerary of Lucien Fleurier through his misconstrued edification and empowerment, stemming from childhood fallacies, anxiety buildup, and ego splitting. The maturing process in his life story would assuredly reveal the emergence of Sartre's existential psychoanalysis. My vantage point, however, tackles striking similarities with a concurrent psychoanalytic revision, the object‐relations theory, articulated by W. R. D. Fairbairn in the 1940s. It is my contention that this original and coincidental endopsychic structure proposes a remarkable parallel for the errant choices in Sartre's antihero.
The attention that the Swiss modernist writer Robert Walser pays to domestic violence can be regarded as exceptional. So why does child abuse still remain a blind spot in the scholarship on Walser? This article discerns techniques that Walser uses to render family violence invisible, such as multiperspectivism and changes of tonality. These aesthetic techniques gain in depth through comparison to concepts from object relations theory: Sándor Ferenczi’s “identification with the aggressor” and Wilfred R. Bion’s “attacks on linking.” With family brutality, the problem of perspective is not purely formal but intrinsic, because part of the violence of domestic violence is the exhausting degree of affective mobility it demands—a capacity but also a vertiginous obligation to change tones and perspectives.
p>The first study explored domestic photographers' conceptions of the meaning and function of photographs in their lives and in the lives of their families.
The second study compared the conceptions of domestic photographers regarding the meaning and functions of family photographs with those of professional photographers. It was found that professional photographers are more committed to the use of family photographs to portray family unity to the outside world, and therefore could be considered to be reinforcing social norms governing the representation of families in photographs. Professionals tend to see themselves as 'capturing' reality, and this lends weight and credibility to their role in promoting the rhetoric of 'happy families'.
The third study extended the analysis of the role of photographs in the family system to consider the manifest content of photographic collections. Regularities were identified in the photographs which indicate that family photographic collections are influenced by norms of representation governing the depiction of families.
The manifest content of family photographs illustrates the importance of the 'special' relationships which photographs have to time. It also illustrates that the 'ideal' family, as portrayed by photographic collections, is one which appears happy and cohesive, which is leisured and cosmopolitan, which is child-centred, which has a clear identity which bounds it from its environment, and which is enacted through specialisation of the roles of family members in relation to each other, particularly in terms of power and intimacy.</p
تقديم الكتاب
بدأ نمو "العلاج الأسري" وممارسته منذ حوالي 70 عامًا، وكان يمثل نقلة نوعية ومهمة في تقديم الارشاد والعلاج النفسي، فبدلاً من التركيز العلاج الفردي كان تركيزه على "المساحة بين" الأشخاص (الاتصالات وأنماط التفاعل) في الأسر، وأصبح الاهتمام بالعلاج هنا والآن بدلاً من الماضي، والأنماط والسلوكيات التي تعزز الأعراض وتحافظ عليها وتعوق قدرة الأسرة على إيجاد حلول صحية والاستفادة من نقاط القوة الكامنة فيها، وإن الحاجة إلى العلاج الأسري تعتبر ضرورية، فنحن نعيش حياتنا من خلال مجموعة من العلاقات، وعندما تسوء هذه العلاقات عاطفيًا أو نفسيًا يمكن أن تكون لها آثار مدوية علينا.
ومن وجهة نظر تاريخية، كانت الأسرة هي الحقل الأول والمفضّل للتدخل في العلاج النسقي، والعلاج الأسري النسقي أو ذو التوجه النسقي يُعنى بالنظرية والممارسة النفسية التي تركز على نسق الفرد وعلاقته بالآخرين، وترجع جذورها إلى ردود الفعل حول الفردانية التي كان يتبناها التحليل النفسي، وهكذا ولد العلاج الأسري النسقي من خلال محاولة الاقتراب من المريض النفسي في سياقه وليس في وظيفته النفسية وحدها، وخلال نمو العلاج الأسري وتطوره كانت هناك العديد من القصص والروايات الثرية عن التاريخ والاتجاهات والقضايا الرئيسية خلال العقود الثلاثة الأولى، والتي كانت معبأة بمحتويات مختلفة ولكنها مترابطة وتتقاسم الكثير من تقاليد الممارسة والمفاهيم، فهي تقدم صورة متعددة الألوان للحقل الناشئ خلال ميلاده وطفولته ومراهقته ، وقد قمنا بالتطرق إليها بشيء من التفصيل في ثنايا الكتاب.
والآن حان الوقت للمضي قدمًا والنظر إلى مرحلة البلوغ لهذا العلاج الذي انتقل إلى مرحلة العلاج ما بعد الحداثي وما بعد البنيوي، أين تأثر العلاج الأسري في القرن الحادي والعشرين بشدة بما بعد الحداثة التي تشكك في حقيقة موضوعية واحدة، وتسلط الضوء على ذاتية المعالج بما في ذلك التحيز المحتمل للممارسة العلاجية، لذلك تركز ممارسة العلاج الأسري المعاصر بشكل أكبر نسبيًا من النماذج التقليدية على التعاون مع الأسرة طوال فترة العلاج والشفافية في العملية العلاجية.
وتختلف أساليب العلاج الأسري ما بعد الحداثة أيضًا عن النماذج الكلاسيكية من حيث أنها لا تلتزم بالنموذج النسقي الذي يؤكد على التأثير الفردي على أداء الأسرة كنسق ثابت للتفاعلات الاجتماعية التي تحافظ على المشكلات، وعلى النقيض من النماذج الكلاسيكية للعلاج الأسري التي نظرت إلى الأسر على أنها أنظمة متجانسة تقاوم التغيير، فإن مناهج ما بعد الحداثة في العلاج الأسري تنظر إلى الأسر على أنها ديناميكية ومتغيرة باستمرار بحيث قد يكون التعديل البسيط هو كل ما يلزم لإنتاج تأثيرات تموجية تغير الأسرة، كما تؤكد مناهج العلاج الأسري لما بعد الحداثة التي تأثرت بشدة بالحركة البنائية الاجتماعية في الثمانينيات على كيفية بناء اهتمامات الأسرة والأفراد اجتماعيًا كأفراد في مجتمع أكبر، والبناء المشترك مع المعالج.
وفي هذا الكتاب حاولنا تسليط الضوء على مختلف جوانب العلاج الأسري من خلال التطرق أولا إلى جذوره النسقية والمقاربة النسقية في العلاج الأسري ، وعبر الفصول اللاحقة قمنا باستعراض سبعة نماذج راسخة للعلاج الأسري وافتراضات كل مدرسة حول طبيعة وأصل الخلل النفسي.
وبهذا سيكون هذا الكتاب قد أحاط بمختلف الموضوعات والمجالات المتعلقة بالعلاج الأسري وجدوره النسقية كي يصبح مرجعا للطلبة والباحثين في مجال الأسرة والعلاج الأسري.
دكتورة عايش صباح
الشلف
This paper describes preliminary research from Japan on developing a new tool for psychiatric nurses, the patient-authored medical record, a “prescription” written in ordinary language by the patient with the assistance of a nurse. The nurse asks the patient how to improve their illness and she types up the patient's story on site in the form of a first-person narrative. The patient checks it for accuracy before taking a copy home. Ten Japanese patients participated in this field-oriented ethnographic study, and the analysis of the qualitative data strongly suggested that the approach had therapeutic effects on each patient. This narrative-based prescription could be used as a tool, specifically by psychiatric nurses, in many cultures, and it is our hope that it contributes to their professional identity.
Since the 1950s, the observed disturbances in family relationships in which a member has been diagnosed as having schizophrenia has led many systemic family therapists to the hypothesis that these family interactions may have preceded the onset of illness and contributed to it. However, attempts at using traditional family therapy with families of patients with schizophrenia were not successful or widely adopted. With the introduction of neuroleptic medication, the treatment of schizophrenia changed dramatically, and patients often returned to their family in varying stages of partial remission, increasing the burden on relatives. Furthermore, research based on the expressed emotion concept demonstrated that the chance of relapse increases by a factor of 2.5 when a patient returns to a high-EE-family in contrast to a low-EE-family environment; consequently, the vulnerability–stress model started to guide treatment development. Based on these developments, since 1980, several psychoeducational family management programs have been evaluated showing a significant reduction in relapse when compared to standard psychiatric care from 49 to 13%. To date, at least 50 RCT studies have been published showing the effectiveness of family interventions in various culturally diverse countries. Therefore, according to the NICE and other guidelines, family intervention should be offered to all families of people with psychosis who live with or are in close contact with the patient, in conjunction with neuroleptic treatment. Despite this strong recommendation, family involvement is under-implemented in mental health care, despite its strong scientific, economic, legal and moral basis. To improve the psychosocial health of patients with psychotic disorders and their relatives, more research is necessary, as well as more training for professionals in effective family interventions.
Исследуются факторы нарушения успешного социального функционирования у подростков, больных шизофренией. Анализируются понятия 'социальный интеллект' и 'социальная компетентность'. Представлены результаты изучения особенностей социальной компетентности подростков, больных шизофренией; сравнительного исследования социального интеллекта и социальных навыков подростков, больных шизофренией, и подростков, обучающихся в массовых школах, не имеющих психических заболеваний. Выделены и описаны основные мишени психотерапии и психокоррекции нарушения социальной адаптации у больных шизофренией.
Исследуются факторы нарушения успешного социального функционирования у подростков, больных шизофренией. Анализируются понятия 'социальный интеллект' и 'социальная компетентность'. Представлены результаты изучения особенностей социальной компетентности подростков, больных шизофренией; сравнительного исследования социального интеллекта и социальных навыков подростков, больных шизофренией, и подростков, обучающихся в массовых школах, не имеющих психических заболеваний. Выделены и описаны основные мишени психотерапии и психокоррекции нарушения социальной адаптации у больных шизофренией.
O objetivo deste estudo é compartilhar os fazeres e os saberes de profissionais da área da saúde que atuam na linha de frente no enfrentamento da pandemia por Covid-19 em diferentes regiões do Brasil, com base na discussão sobre suas concepções em relação à finitude, sobre os caminhos e as estratégias adotados e/ou necessários para a promoção de sua saúde mental no período da pandemia e sobre a construção de memórias afetivas e/ou traumáticas de suas ações, condutas e desafios enfrentados na linha de frente. O método utilizado foi a criação de um espaço virtual para discussões teóricas, troca de vivências e promoção da saúde mental, que aconteceram em quatro momentos, uma vez por semana, no mês de julho de 2020. As narrativas dos profissionais sinalizaram as dificuldades e os aprendizados relativos ao confronto exaustivo com a morte, bem como as estratégias funcionais e disfuncionais adotadas para fazer frente aos problemas e para a manutenção da saúde mental. Concluiu-se que experimentar o protagonismo de construir coletiva e eticamente uma narrativa sobre as experiências da pandemia mostrou-se dispositivo de cuidado e refazimento importantes para os participantes da ação.
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