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Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants
... During the explorations, following 62 medicinal plants were recorded falling under the management and cure of different respiratory diseases, like asthma, allergic cough, bronchitis, cough, lung cancer etc. Following plants and their parts were found suitable for the treatment of different respiratory diseases has been described in table 1 and photographs of some of the important plants from Gangetic plains of West Bengal has been given in figure 2. [5] Farakka, Falta Hazarduari (4522) 5 ...
... [H] Papaveraceae Flower Cough [5] Bhatpara (4133) 6 ...
... [H] Nyctaginaceae Root Asthma, expectorant [5] Diamond Harbour Hazarduari, Hooghly Mayapur (4699) 10 ...
Respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, cough, sinusitis, lung cancer, whooping cough in children, throat troubles etc. are the diseases caused due to heavy humidity, living in polluted areas, unwanted food articles causing breathing trouble. Some symptoms are also developed due to cardiac trouble affecting the breathing duration. Oral intake of decoction, plant extracts of several medicinal plants improves the respiratory troubles and heals the lung and nasal and throat functioning. Exploration of Gangetic plains of West Bengal, from Rajmahal hills to Gangasagar, have been conducted. During the exploration, 338 medicinal plants were collected and specimen vouchers were prepared by usual methods of herbarium teqchnique. Medicinal plants related with respiratory diseases were selected and documented on the basis of authentic evidence through published literatures on pharmacology, phytochemistry of the related plants. During the exploration of herbs related with the formulation of medicines and tradition use of medicines described in different herbal system of medicines in the Gangetic areas, 62 herbs were documented with the useful in the cure of various respiratory diseases having the chemical alkaloids and pharmacological properties are mentioned in this paper.All the 62 herbs having the properties to cure various kinds of respiratory diseases are suitable for oral intake through decoction, cough syrup, tablets, powder and in the form of fresh juice. Pharmacological evidence of these plants are already worked out in different parts of world. Yoga and pranayama described in the text is vigorously helpful in managing the respiratory diseases.
... During the explorations, following 62 medicinal plants were recorded falling under the management and cure of different respiratory diseases, like asthma, allergic cough, bronchitis, cough, lung cancer etc. Following plants and their parts were found suitable for the treatment of different respiratory diseases has been described in table 1 and photographs of some of the important plants from Gangetic plains of West Bengal has been given in figure 2. [5] Farakka, Falta Hazarduari (4522) 5 ...
... [H] Papaveraceae Flower Cough [5] Bhatpara (4133) 6 ...
... [H] Nyctaginaceae Root Asthma, expectorant [5] Diamond Harbour Hazarduari, Hooghly Mayapur (4699) 10 ...
Respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, cough, sinusitis, lung cancer, whooping cough in children, throat troubles etc. are the diseases caused due to heavy humidity, living in polluted areas, unwanted food articles causing breathing trouble. Some symptoms are also developed due to cardiac trouble affecting the breathing duration. Oral intake of decoction, plant extracts of several medicinal plants improves the respiratory troubles and heals the lung and nasal and throat functioning. Exploration of Gangetic plains of West Bengal, from Rajmahal hills to Gangasagar, have been conducted. During the exploration, 338 medicinal plants were collected and specimen vouchers were prepared by usual methods of herbarium teqchnique. Medicinal plants related with respiratory diseases were selected and documented on the basis of authentic evidence through published literatures on pharmacology, phytochemistry of the related plants. During the exploration of herbs related with the formulation of medicines and tradition use of medicines described in different herbal system of medicines in the Gangetic areas, 62 herbs were documented with the useful in the cure of various respiratory diseases having the chemical alkaloids and pharmacological properties are mentioned in this paper.All the 62 herbs having the properties to cure various kinds of respiratory diseases are suitable for oral intake through decoction, cough syrup, tablets, powder and in the form of fresh juice. Pharmacological evidence of these plants are already worked out in different parts of world. Yoga and pranayama described in the text is vigorously helpful in managing the respiratory diseases.
... Ham., originates in the Himalayan region 8,9 . The rhizomes are traditionally used as herbal medicine and have been treasured in the traditional system of medicine for being versatile in therapeutic properties as the treatment of analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic, CNS depressant, cytotoxic activities, fevers, pediculicidal and respiratory disorders [10][11][12][13] . ...
... Vernacular names13 ...
... ethyl esters of para-methoxy-cinnamic acid and d-sabinene sesquiterpenes are found in the rhizome of the species13,47,48 .Tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea barbae, tinea unguium and tinea pedis were among the tinea infections. Hedychium spicatum contains ethyl p-methoxycinnamate as an active ingredient. ...
Background: Hedychium spicatum Buch. Ham. (Zingiberaceae), also known as the spiked ginger lily, is a versatile herbal medicine used in traditional systems of medicine for its therapeutic properties. It has been used as an analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic, Central Nerves System (CNS) depressant and for cytotoxic activities, fevers, pediculicidal and respiratory disorders. Aim: To standardise and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of H. spicatum (Shati). Method: A study was conducted to standardise the anti-microbial activity of H. spicatum (Shati). An extract was prepared using hydroalcoholic and organoleptic methods and physico-chemical analyses were performed. Results: It was discovered that High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was more flexible than traditional Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) methods. The hydroalcoholic extracts inhibited good antimicrobial activity against all tested fungi and bacteria. The study concludes that the standardisation and potential antimicrobial activity of H. spicatum extracts against tested bacteria and fungi have been evaluated. Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to explore polyherbal formulations for infectious skin disorders.
... During the explorations, following 62 medicinal plants were recorded falling under the management and cure of different respiratory diseases, like asthma, allergic cough, bronchitis, cough, lung cancer etc. Following plants and their parts were found suitable for the treatment of different respiratory diseases has been described in table 1 and photographs of some of the important plants from Gangetic plains of West Bengal has been given in figure 2. [5] Farakka, Falta Hazarduari (4522) 5 ...
... [H] Papaveraceae Flower Cough [5] Bhatpara (4133) 6 ...
... [H] Nyctaginaceae Root Asthma, expectorant [5] Diamond Harbour Hazarduari, Hooghly Mayapur (4699) 10 ...
Respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, cough, sinusitis, lung cancer, whooping cough in children, throat troubles etc. are the diseases caused due to heavy humidity, living in polluted areas, unwanted food articles causing breathing trouble. Some symptoms are also developed due to cardiac trouble affecting the breathing duration. Oral intake of decoction, plant extracts of several medicinal plants improves the respiratory troubles and heals the lung and nasal and throat functioning. Exploration of Gangetic plains of West Bengal, from Rajmahal hills to Gangasagar, have been conducted. During the exploration, 338 medicinal plants were collected and specimen vouchers were prepared by usual methods of herbarium teqchnique. Medicinal plants related with respiratory diseases were selected and documented on the basis of authentic evidence through published literatures on pharmacology, phytochemistry of the related plants. During the exploration of herbs related with the formulation of medicines and tradition use of medicines described in different herbal system of medicines in the Gangetic areas, 62 herbs were documented with the useful in the cure of various respiratory diseases having the chemical alkaloids and pharmacological properties are mentioned in this paper. All the 62 herbs having the properties to cure various kinds of respiratory diseases are suitable for oral intake through decoction, cough syrup, tablets, powder and in the form of fresh juice. Pharmacological evidence of these plants are already worked out in different parts of world. Yoga and pranayama described in the text is vigorously helpful in managing the respiratory diseases.
... Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn, commonly known as 'liquorice' and 'sweet wood' belongs to Leguminosae family. Vernacular names for liquorice are Jeshthamadh (Marathi), Jothimadh (Hindi), Yashtimadhu, Madhuka (Sanskrit), Jashtimadhu, Jaishbomodhu (Bengali), Atimadhuram, Yashtimadhukam (Telugu), Jethimadhu (Gujarati) and Atimadhuram (Tamil) [1,2]. ...
... Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. commonly known as liquorice and sweet wood in english, Jothi-madh, Mulethi in Hindi, Yashti-madhuh, Madhuka in Sanskrit, Jashtimadhu, Jaishbomodhu in Bengali, Atimadhuranu, Yashtimadhukam in Telugu, Jethimadhu in Gujarati and Atimaduram in Tamil [2]. It is cultivated for its rhizomes (underground stems) that contain the compound glycyrrhizin, which is 50 times more sweetener than sugar. ...
Glycyrrhizin is responsible for demulcent action of liquorice. Liquiritin apioside, an active compound present in the methanolic extract of liquorice which inhibits capsaicin induced cough. Ethanolic extract of G. glabrawas found to be responsible for inhibition of 35.62% SO2gas induced cough. High content of phenolic component in ethanolic extract of Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L) is responsible for its powerful antioxidant activity by means of significant free radical scavenging, hydrogen donating, metal ion chelating, and anti-lipid peroxidative and reducing abilities. The liquorice extract can be efficiently used to formulate cosmetic products for the protection of skin and hair against oxidative damage. Liquiritin present in liquorice extract disperse melanin, thereby inducing skin lightening. The antioxidants present in extract contribute to decrease in skin melanin content. The inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme and reduction in enzyme activity is caused due to modification of action site of the enzyme. Due to good tyrosinase inhibition activity, liquorice extract can be used to formulate cosmetic formulations with depigmenting activity. Ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra is showed the improvement in the viscoelastic and hydration properties of the skin. Synergistic effect of UV protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of liquorice extract might be responsible for giving beneficial effects on skin. Antiviral activities of ribavirin, 6-azauridine, pyrazofurin, mycophenolic acid and glycyrrhizin proved that glycyrrhizin was the most efficient in controlling viral replication. Thus, it can be a good prophylactic measure. Glycyrrihizic acid downregulates the expression of latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) in B lymphocytes. This causes natural cell death (apoptosis) of the KSHV virus. Glabridin was found to be the active compound giving anti-fungal activity. In traditional medicine, liquorice has been recommended as a prophylactic agent for gastric and duodenal ulcers. It is employed in dyspepsia as an anti-inflammatory agent during allergenic reactions. It is used as a contraceptive, laxative, anti-asthmatic, emmenagogue, galactagogue, and antiviral agent in folk therapy. Glycyrrhiza roots are useful for treating cough because of its demulcent and expectorant property. It is also effective against anemia, gout, sore throat, tonsillitis, flatulence, sexual debility, hyperdypsia, fever, skin diseases, and swellings. Liquorice is effectively used in acidity, leucorrhoea, bleeding, jaundice, hiccough, hoarseness, bronchitis, vitiated conditions of Vata dosha, gastralgia, diarrhea, fever with delirium and anuria. Effectiveness of glycyrrhizin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis is proved. Phytochemical analysis of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract showed that it contains saponin triterpenes (glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid and liquirtic acid), flavonoids (liquirtin, isoflavonoids and formononetin) and other constituents such as coumarins, sugars, amino acids, tannins, starch, choline, phytosterols and bitter principles. Glycyrrhizin is habitually used as a vehicle in orally administered products, where it inhibits the growth of some bacteria, as well as dental plaque formation. In regards to its antibacterial action, inhibitory effects for licorice aqueous and ethanolic extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes cultures, the first one showing the strongest inhibition with 10-15mm halo diameters.
... India is known for its various traditional systems of medicines that have been utilized since time immemorial. The World Health Organization has estimation that 80% of the population depends upon herbal medicines for basic need of health restoration (World Health Organization, 2002; Chopra, Nayar, & Chopra, 1956). ...
... Isabgol belonging to family Plantaginaceae, it is an annual herb that attains a height of 30-50 cm. The husk is epidermal polyhedral, which is considered as main plant part that has mucilaginous compound used for the treatment of constipation (Chopra, Nayar, & Chopra, 1956;Kirtikar & Basu, 1935). Isabgol is one of the sources for foreign exchange; therefore, it was taken as a test plant for the current study. ...
Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate fertilizing capacity of different organic manures on the yield of Isabgol (Plantago ovata) plant. Experiments were conducted using different organic manures (Kultha Powder, Til Khali, Vermi-compost) and their fertilizing capacity were compared with control. The fertilizing capacities of different organic manures were assessed on the basis of fruit yield and dry matter yield of Isabgol plant. Study observed low levels of micronutrients (Copper and Iron) in post soil analysis with Kultha powder and Til, compared to the control, this may be attributed to the increased uptake of these micronutrients by the plant. This observation was further supported by the higher dry matter yield and greater number of fruits in the Kultha and Til treated pots. HPTLC analysis was also conducted to assess the chemical constituents of the test plant grown under the influence of different manures. The active constituents were found to be highest in the Kultha treated plants, followed by those treated with Til khali. Study suggested Kultha powder and Til as promising manure compared to others for the cultivation of Isabgol plant.
... Neem (Azadirachta india A. Juss) is a plant of the melicease family belonging to the india subcontinent [5]. It was later introduced into many tropical countries of America and Africa including Senegal with a population of 18 to 30million trees. ...
... Studies have shown that the lipids content of the neem seed varies from52 to 80%. The average azadirachtia content of neem seed kernel can vary from 2.05 to 6.10kg [5]. The proteins content of the seeds and its amino acids composition have also been reported [8]. ...
Neem seed (Azadirachta indica) is a medicinal plant which is exclusively tropical in distribution. Traditionally India medicine regards the plant in high esteem. The fatty acid composition of Neem seed oil were: Myristic acid (C14:0) (64.5842) as the highest saturated fatty acid ,Oleic acid (C18:1)(5.3124) as the only highest monounsaturated fatty acid, Linoleic acid (C18:2)(2.6041) and Linolenic acid (C18:3)(0.9938) as the only polyunsaturated fatty acid present. Physicochemical properties of the extracted oil were investigated and their physical characteristics indicated that Oil extracted from Azadirachta indica is light green in color with bitter taste, percentage yield of 43.500%, Specific gravity of 0.8943 and Refractive index of 1.4610 respectively. The chemical characteristic of oil from Neem seed were Acid valve (mglg), (6.7320±0.01), free fatty acid (% oleic)(1.8984±0.01), saponification valve (mglg),(58.9050±0.02), Iodine valve (mglg),(16.2432±0.01), and peroxide valve (mmo1/kg)(104.0000±0.02) respectively. The antibacterial activity of the oil from Azadirachta indica was tested against five pathogenic organism and their zone of inhibition indicated that the oil was susceptible to Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and resistance to Proteus ssp. The values in millimeter were Escherichia coli (2.00±0.01), Staphylococcus aureus(5.00±0.02), Pseudomonas spp(7.00±0.02), Klebsiella pneumonas(2.00±0.01) and no zone of inhibition against Proteus spp. This study revealed that the oil extracts from neem seed is a useful source of drug for the treatment of pathogenic organism like Pseudomonas spp and Staphylococcus aureus which are most resistance to some antibiotics drugs.
... This review is mainly focused on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activities and formulations of L. camara with future prospects for use in potential health benefits. Chopra et al., 1956;Day et al., 2003;Kalita et al., 2012;Kensa, 2011 Whole plant Bronchitis Kalita et al., 2012;Kensa, 2011 Berries/Fruits Fistula, pocks, tumors andrheumatism Sharma et al., 1999 Flowers Chest complaint in children Chopra et al., 1956 Powdered root Given with milk to treat stomachache and as a vermifuge, toothache Kensa, 2011 Bark Astringent and used as a lotion in cutaneous eruptions, leprosy ulcers Kalita et al., 2012 Lantana oil Skin infection, itches, and as an antiseptic for wounds Kensa, 2011 Plant extract Drought-tolerant plant so good candidate for xeriscaping. Employed in the folk drug for the treatment of cancers, chickenpox, measles, asthma, ulcers, swellings, eczema, tumors, high blood pressure, bilious fevers, catarrhal infections, tetanus, rheumatism and malaria Sharma et al., 1999;Day, et al., 2003;Kensa,2011 3 Phytochemistry ...
... This review is mainly focused on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activities and formulations of L. camara with future prospects for use in potential health benefits. Chopra et al., 1956;Day et al., 2003;Kalita et al., 2012;Kensa, 2011 Whole plant Bronchitis Kalita et al., 2012;Kensa, 2011 Berries/Fruits Fistula, pocks, tumors andrheumatism Sharma et al., 1999 Flowers Chest complaint in children Chopra et al., 1956 Powdered root Given with milk to treat stomachache and as a vermifuge, toothache Kensa, 2011 Bark Astringent and used as a lotion in cutaneous eruptions, leprosy ulcers Kalita et al., 2012 Lantana oil Skin infection, itches, and as an antiseptic for wounds Kensa, 2011 Plant extract Drought-tolerant plant so good candidate for xeriscaping. Employed in the folk drug for the treatment of cancers, chickenpox, measles, asthma, ulcers, swellings, eczema, tumors, high blood pressure, bilious fevers, catarrhal infections, tetanus, rheumatism and malaria Sharma et al., 1999;Day, et al., 2003;Kensa,2011 3 Phytochemistry ...
Background: Lantana camara L. (L. camara), referred to as wild or red sage, is a tropical invasive plant commonly used for both medicinal and decorative purposes. It is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is a significant source of essential oils. Areas Covered: Lantadenes A and B, two extremely concentrated pentacyclic triterpenes that are toxic to sheep, cattle, and cows, are mostly found in the leaves and berries of this plant. It is therefore recommended to utilize this plant sparingly. Despite having harmful compounds, L. camara also possesses a range of phytochem-icals with therapeutic potentials, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils. These phytochemicals have been used in the treatment of cuts, wounds, inflammation, and as insect repellants, thus recognizing this plant with medicinal values. Expert Opinion: Recent studies indicate that L. camara is formulated for use in cuts and wounds in a limited number of formulations (e.g., ointments and creams). This review focuses on traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, formulations, and future prospects of L. camara for potential therapeutic effects.
... It is used as an aromatic stimulant, local irritant, diuretic, emmenagogue, antitussive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, deobstruent lithotriptic, stomachic, mouth freshening and carminative [5] . It contains an essential oil cubebin which is used in lozenges [3,6,7] . The therapeutic action of drug is said to be largely due to cubebic acid. ...
... Arabic: Kabābash, Habb-ul-Urūs, Kabābah [9][10] Ayurveda: Sugandhamuricha [10] Bengali: Sītal-chīnī [8] English: Cubeba, Tailed Pepper [10] Gujarat: Kabābchīm, Tadāmiri [6] Hindi: Kabābchīnī [6] Latin: Cubis [9] Persian: Kebābah, Kabāb chīniī [10] Roman: Farīghaliyūn [9] Sanskrit: Sugandha muricha [7] Tamil: Vālmilākū [8] Greek: Qāqsanūn, Qarqīsūn, Mahīliyūn [9] Urdu: Kabābchīnī [8] 3.2 Shinākht, Māhiyat wa Ḥusūl (Identification, Description and Collection): Cubeb is a fruit of size as Filfil (Piper nigrum) and also have resemblance to Ḥabb-i-Balsān (Commiphora opobalsamum L.), as it appears black outside and whitish inside [2,4] . The plant is woody, climbing and perennial with dioecious flowers in spike, cultivated to a small extent in India, especially in the Karnataka state; fruits are collected when mature but still unripe and carefully dried in sun until turn black and wrinkled [8] . ...
Piper cubeba, commonly known as cubebs, is a fruit obtained from the woody climber Piper cubeba of the Piperaceae family. This versatile plant has been extensively used in Unani medicine, serving as a condiment and a therapeutic agent. It has shown diuretic, emmenagogue, antitussive, analgesic actions. Therapeutically, it has been used to treat conditions like gonorrhoea, cystitis, rheumatism and urinary incontinence. Therefore, Piper cubeba emerges as a multifaceted botanical resource within Unani medicine, offering diverse therapeutic applications. This review provides valuable insights into its pharmacological composition and potential clinical implications.
... The leaves have been used to treat a variety of ailments, including cuts, rheumatisms, ulcers, catarrhal infections, tetanus, malaria, cancer, chicken pox, asthma, ulcers, swelling, eczema, tumours, high blood pressure, bilious fever, abdominal visceral ataxy, sores, measles, fevers, colds, and hypertension. (25)(26)(27) Medicinal properties of Lantana camera Linn L. camara is a medicinal plant that has been linked to numerous health benefits. ...
India has a long heritage of using plant-based knowledge in health care. Few natural medications in India have been thoroughly researched despite their abundance. Lantana camara is an evergreen shrub that grows throughout India. Traditionally, it has been used to heal a variety of diseases, and these claims are confirmed by scientific evidence. Various publications have described the phytoconstituents found in all sections of Lantana camara. Over the past few decades, scientists and researchers worldwide have extensively examined the chemical composition and biological pharmacological activity of the entire L. Camara plant. These results suggest that Lantana camara has therapeutic promise in modern medicine and could be a viable drug discovery target. This article examines the pharmacological properties and toxicity of Lantana camara .
... The seed of Trachyspermum stictocarpum, popularly known as Ajmoda in Mumbai, India, is widely used as a folklore/herbal medicine in the Indian Ayurved medicinal system (Chopra et al., 1956;Nadkarni, 1954;Gujaral et al., 1953Gujaral et al., , 1954Trease, 1949;Maurya et al., 2004). The seeds of this herb are found as a major constituent in many ayurvedic preparations, such as Sahassrayoga (Ravishankar & Sasikala, 1983). ...
The crystal structure of the title compound, 2,3-dihydro-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-9-methoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, also known as methylrutaretin, C15H16O5, is stabilized by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions, forming zigzag chains parallel to the c axis.
... The aromatic leaves are used as a flavouring agent in a wide range of foods, whilst a cooling drink can be made from the seeds. O. americanum is native to a wide range of Tropical Africa, Indian subcontinent, China, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia [4] . The main chemical constituents of O. americanum are volatile oils like methyl heptanone, methyl nonyl ketone, d-camphor, citral, ocimene, methyl chavicol, linalool and flavonoids [5] . ...
... Несмотря на наличие значительного количества научных публикаций, характеризующих как химический состав различных групп биологически активных веществ (БАВ) травы базилика, так и особенности фармакологического действия данного сырья, актуальным представляется проведение исследований, направленных на выбор критериев качества травы базилика свежей и высушенной с последующим включением в разрабатываемую нормативную документацию, поскольку на сегодняшний день стандартизация травы базилика осуществляется по требованиям ГОСТ Р 56562-2015 «Базилик свежий -зелень. Технические условия», включающего определение таких показателей качества, как внешний вид сырья, цвет, запах, вкус, массовая доля В древнейшей санскритской медицинской книге Индии «Яджур-веде», написанной до нашей эры, содержатся рекомендации по применению базилика, цветки которого рекомендуются в качестве мочегонного и успокаивающего средства, плоды -при гонорее, корни -для лечения кишечных расстройств [1]. Великий врач и мыслитель Востока Авиценна в «Каноне врачебной науки» отдельно описывает различные виды базилика -волокнистый, волосистый, горный, камфорный, огородный. ...
В данной работе авторами было проведено качественное и количественное определение ряда известных групп билогически-активных веществ, таких как эфирные масла, полифенолы и антоцианы. Качественный анализ проводился характерными качественными реакциями и методом тонкослойной хроматографии. Количественная оценка исследуемых групп, проводилась известными фармакопейными методами (эфирные масла, антоцианы) и методом Фолина-Чокальтеу, широко применяемом в пищевой промышленности (полифенолы). Максимальный выход веществ характерен для свежего сырья базилика Перечного, в котором содержание эфирного масла составило 0,82%, полифенольных соединений - 6,42%, антоцианов - 0,560%
In this article the authors conducted a qualitative and quantitative determination of a number of known groups of bilogically active substances, such as essential oils, polyphenols and anthocyanins. Qualitative analysis was performed using characteristic qualitative reactions and thin-layer chromatography. Quantitative evaluation of the groups studied was carried out using well-known Pharmacopoeia methods (essential oils, anthocyanins) and the Follin – Chicalteu method, which is widely used in the food industry (polyphenols). The maximum yield of substances is typical for fresh raw materials of Pepper Basil, in which the content of essential oil was 0.82%, polyphenolic compounds – 6.42%, anthocyanins – 0.560%.
... Piper betle, found to be safe in terms of hepatotoxicity, renotoxicity, hematotoxicity. [13,14] Traditional Uses 1. The paste of Piper betle leaves assorted with salt and hot water able to be administering for filariasis. ...
Piper betle is glorified as evergreen and perennial plant that God designed and have given the shape of his own heart. The heart shaped of Piper betle leaves are initiate in ancient Sanskrit texts, include Charaka, Sushruta Samhita and Astanga Hradayam. Piper betle L. has been use in Chinese, Indian traditional medicine for centuries. Betel vine (Piper betle L.) belongs to genus Piper of the family Piperaceae. Leaves of Piper betle possesseveral bioactivities and are used in traditional medicinal systems. Many research studies on Piper beetle has reported that it contains important chemical constituents and are acts to arouse action for its medicinal properties like anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-malaria, anti-filarial, antibacterial, antifungal study, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, gastro-protective, cyto-toxic, anti-platelet, wound healing activity, chlorophyllase activity, oral hygiene and anti-asthmatic effect. The present paper also focused on the chemical constitutents of piper and diseases of betel vine and their various symptoms.
... In folk medicine, P. harmala has been utilized as an emmenagogue and abortifacient in North Africa and the Middle East (Monsef et al., 2004). Additionally, boiling P. harmala leaves is employed in treating rheumatism (Chopra et al., 1986). Carboline alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline, harmalol, peganine, vasicin, vasicin, deoxyvasicin, peganone-1 (3-6dihydroxy-8-methoxy-2methyl anthraquinone), and peganone-2 (8-hydroxy -7 methoxy -2 methyl anthraquinone) obtained from various parts of this plant are utilized against various diseases (Aarons, 1977;Sobhani et al., 2002). ...
This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of Peganum harmala L. against significant plant pathogenic fungi and its phytotoxic impact on select cultivated plants. The aerial parts (flowers, shoots, leaves, and seeds) of P. harmala were harvested from Kırşehir Province during the 2023 growing season. Subsequently, the collected plants were shade-dried in the laboratory and finely powdered using an electric grinder. One liter of methanol was added to 100 grams of the dried plant material, followed by a 48-hour maceration period. After methanol evaporation, the residue was dissolved in DMSO to achieve concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg mL-1. Nine-centimeter diameter Petri dishes were prepared with two layers of filter paper, and 25 seeds each of the test plants (wheat, cress, and clover) were evenly distributed. The Petri dishes were then sealed and incubated at 24°C for a period ranging from 1 to 4 weeks. After the incubation period, seed germination rates and the lengths of roots and shoots were measured for the test plants. Additionally, the impact of the methanol extract on the mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi including Alternaria alternata (A.A), Verticillium dahliae (V.D), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S.S), Alternaria solani (A.S), and Monilinia fructigena(M.F) at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg mL-1 was evaluated. The results indicated varying effects of the plant methanol extract on the cultivated plants, with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum displaying inhibition rates of 0.0%, 0.0%, 19.68%, 39.59%, and 62.97% against Alternaria solani, Monilinia fructigena, Verticillium dahliae, Alternaria alternata, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, respectively. Consequently, the study identified the biological activity of P. harmala and recommended further validation through pot and field experiments.
... According to www.fes.org.in, A. cordifolia is in danger of being extinct. Oriental medicine has long employed A. cordifolia as an essential ingredient in a variety of antiseptic and antipyretic medicines [5] . The bark is hot, bitter, and aromatic; it is used to cure liver problems and is strengthening, healing, and aphrodisiac in nature. ...
... This plant belongs to Liliaceae family, common at low altitudes in shade and in tropical climates throughout India, Asia, Australia and Africa. Shatavari is used in various pharmaceutical formulations due to its nutritional, stressrelieving, adaptogenic, immune-boosting, lactation-promoting, anabolic, and performanceenhancing properties [1,2,3,4,5]. Shatavari has been mentioned in ayurvedic texts like the Charak Samhita, Susruta Samhita and Astanga Samgraha. ...
The present study aimed to highlights the effect of feed supplementation of Shatavari root powder (Asparagus racemosus) on growth performance of broiler in Konkan region. A substantial portion of the production expenses is attributed to the cost of feed and in a developing country like India, the supply of quality and affordable feed has been inconsistent. To enhance the overall productivity of poultry birds, it is imperative to maintain a reliable source of low-cost feed. The experimental trial of six weeks was undertaken for total 200-day old broiler chicks. They were randomly distributed into five experimental diets. Each treatment group was replicated into four with 10 birds per replicate. The control (T0) group was fed standard ration and T1, T2, T3, and T4 group were provided same standard ration supplemented with 5.00, 10.00 , 15.00 and 20.00 g /kg Shatavari root powder, respectively. Result of experiment showed that supplementation of Shatavari root powder was significantly highest live body weight in treatment T2 (1852.50 g/bird) as well as average live weight gain (264.64 g/bird). It is concluded that, 10.00 g of Shatavari root powder significantly improved growth performance than other treatments groups.
... Glucose adsorption capacity of the extract was determined by the method of Ou et al. . Approximately, 10 ml of FBPRD was added to 100 mL of glucose solution of five diferent concentrations (5,10,15,20, and 25 mM). Each of these mixtures was mixed well, stirred, and incubated in a shaker water bath at 37∘ C for 6 hours, respectively. ...
Diabetes mellitus "the disease of modern civilization" is characterized by persistently elevated hyperglycemia leading to degenerative changes and Multi organ dysfunction if not intervened appropriately and Type II DM is the prevalent form and is multifactorial in etiology accounting for 80% of cases across the globe.. In this context this study was aimed to screen for potential α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources by in-vitro antidiabetic assays to determine their antidiabetic potential. The tender prop root decoction of Ficus benghalnesis,a sacred species widely known for its myriad health benefits was selected for our study. Various concentrations of FBPRD (50,100,200,400 and 800 μg/ml) were tested against fungal α-amylase and α-glucosidases as well for glucose uptake assay in yeast and glucose adsorption assay. The statistically (Graph pad prism version 8.2.3) processed results and IC 50 values indicated a prominent dose dependent inhibition of the enzymes (reference drug: acarbose)and increases in glucose uptake (sreference drug: Metronidazole) was evident. FBPRD also exhibited glucose adsorption capacity too. The results indicated that the polyphenolic compounds present in FBPRD might resulted in the utilization of glucose by yeast and served as good inhibitors of key enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Further rigorous pre-clinical assessment has to be carried out to establish the anti diabetic potential of FBPRD.
... A decoction is used in the treatment of threatened abortion, internal and external bleeding, cholera, dropsy, diarrhea and nausea [8,11,12] . It is also used as a wash for mouth ulcers and as douche for treating vaginal discharge [8] , The red grapes leaves are harvested in early summer and used fresh or dried [13] the seed is antiinflammatory and astringent [10,11,12] . The sap of young branches is diuretic [12] . ...
Grapes, with their rich historical significance, serve as both a popular fruit and an essential element in Tibb-e-Nabawi (Prophetic Medicine) and Tibb-e-Unani (Unani Medicine). They are packed with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making them a valuable addition to a healthy diet. In Tibb-e-Nabawi, grapes are recommended for strengthening the heart, improving digestion, and enhancing overall vitality. Their notable content of resveratrol offers anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, reflecting the prophetic emphasis on health maintenance and illness prevention. Grapes are also used to address respiratory issues, promote kidney health, and boost the immune system. In Unani medicine, grapes, known as inab (Arabic) or angoor (Urdu), are utilized in various forms, including dried varieties like munakka and kishmish. They play a significant role in compound formulations for treating systemic disorders. Grapes are effective in managing conditions such as stomach pain, hemorrhoids, and abdominal complaints, and can be applied topically for skin and eye issues. Their medicinal benefits include anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Chemically, grapes contain bioflavonoids (Vitamin P), thiamine, niacin, and Procyanidins B1 and B2, which contribute to their therapeutic effects. This review aims to explore the medicinal uses of grapes through the lenses of Tibb-e-Nabawi and Tibb-e-Unani, highlighting their holistic health benefits and underscoring their significance in traditional and modern herbal medicine.
... The milky juice or latex of the plant is known to be acrid and bitter. Interestingly, historical records repeatedly present inaccurate information about using the sap or milk for drinking or in food preparations (Chopra 1956;Lindley 1853;Loudon 1855). However, some literature has identified the above-mentioned point as an error and claims that G. lactiferum milk is not used as a milk substitute (Tennent 1859). ...
Humanity has a longstanding reliance on natural plants for medicinal purposes, and Gymnema lactiferum (G. lactiferum) has emerged as a medicinal plant with deep‐rooted traditional usage. Throughout history, this plant has been an integral part of traditional medical systems, demonstrating diverse therapeutic effects. Notably, among these effects is its ability to decrease blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients, impart cooling effects, serve as an anabolic and rehydrating agent, stimulate spermiogenesis, and exhibit wormicidal properties. Furthermore, G. lactiferum has been used in treating conditions such as hemorrhoids cancers, anorexia, and as a cardiac stimulant. The primary objective of this review is to comprehensively gather and critically assess research findings regarding the medicinal properties of G. lactiferum, specifically emphasizing the bioactive compounds responsible for these properties. Previous studies have documented the presence of various phytochemicals in G. lactiferum, which are associated with some biological activities, including antioxidative, anti‐hyperglycemic, cholesterol‐regulating, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, this review explores potential future applications for this plant. Beyond its medicinal significance, extracts derived from G. lactiferum demonstrate promise for future nutritional applications. This review highlights the potential use of G. lactiferum as an herbal medicine by critically assessing research on its medicinal value.
... [71] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO ginseng in English has been an extensively utilised plant in traditional medicine 5,6 . This small, woody shrub from the Solanaceae family, known as Withania somnifera, has been valued in Ayurvedic and indigenous medicine for its active compounds, including alkaloids, withanolides, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. ...
Background: Ayurveda emphasizes the balance of mind, body, and spirit, drawing on ancient texts that highlight the medicinal properties of herbs like Withania somnifera, known for its wide range of therapeutic applications and pharmacological benefits. Commonly referred to as Indian ginseng or Ashwagandha, Withania somnifera, demonstrates a variety of therapeutic effect , including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, sedative, hypnotic, deobstruent effects, narcotic, antioxidant, tonic, antistress, diuretic, aphrodisiac, immunomodulatory, and rejuvenating properties. Nanotechnology, particularly through the development of nanosuspensions, offers a significant advancement in medicine, addressing challenges like poor solubility and low bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. Nanosuspensions can enhance drug safety and efficacy by improving solubility and altering pharmacokinetics. Methods: This study focuses on formulating and characterizing a nanosuspension using an ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots. The nanosuspension (NSWS) underwent comprehensive characterization, utilizing techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, polydispersity index (PDI) assessment, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, pH measurement, and stability testing. This study seeks to explore the potential of nanosuspensions, aiming to integrate nanotechnology with herbal medicine to improve the safety and efficacy of herbal formulations. Results: The nanosuspension (NSWS) shown particle size about 133.09 nm, and its uniform particle distribution was indicated by a Polydispersity Index (PDI) about 0.27. Stability and uniformity were further supported by the zeta potential, particle size, and PDI values. Conclusion: Nanosuspension formulations represents a versatile strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of hydrophobic drugs across various routes of administration. Keywords: Withania somnifera, Nanosuspension, Characterization, FT-IR, PDI, FESEM
... To help with postpartum health problems, new moms are given fruit powder blended with other herbs and spices as a delightful delicacy called laddoo [9]. It is also claimed to be used as expectorant, astringent, anti-galactagogue, to reduce gripping and a cure for snakebite [10]. ...
Helicteres isora Linn., often referred to as the Indian screw tree, goes by the names Atmora or Rajot in Bangladesh. A genus of flowering plants in
the Malvaceae family is called Helicteres (shrub). According to reports, extracts from fruits, roots, and bark have anti-cancer, hepatoprotective,
anti-dysenteric, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties. To the best of our knowledge no attempts have been made for finding out therapeutic
potentials of the stem part of this plant. From preliminary phytochemical screening we noticed the presence of different phytochemical constituents
including the Alkaloids, glycoside, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, fats & fixed oils. Where Alkaloids and fats & oils were moderately present.
But steroids, saponins and Triterpenoids were absent in methanolic extract of Helicteres isora stem. The results of the present study provide
scientific basis for the use of Helicteres isora in traditional medicine in the treatment of aforementioned diseases. Furthermore, some new
pharmacological effects of the plant have been revealed. It is thus important that extensive phytochemical and pharmacological studies should be
carried out on the basis of the results of the current study to eventually find bioactive compounds as new lead compounds.
Keywords: Helicteres isora; Cytotoxic; Analgesic; Antioxidant; Phytochemical; Calibration; DPPH; Glycosides; Pharmacological actions
... The juice of the roots and leaves are used to treat diabetes in folk medicine. In addition, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant have shown hypoglycemic action (Chopra et al., 1986). Another study has shown improvement in glucose tolerance of C. cordifolia in patients with maturity onset diabetes (Khan et al., 1979). ...
The aim of this study is to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions isolated from ethanolic extracts of Coccinia cordifolia and Catharanthus roseus on normal control and orally glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats. Single doses (150 mg/kg) of different fractions of C. cordifolia and C. roseus extracts were intraperitonelly administered. The serum blood glucose level was obtained by pricking the tail vein using glucometer at time 0, 30, 60, 90, 150 and 270 minutes. In the orally glucose induced hyperglycemic rats, chloroform-coccinia (CHCl 3-CC) fraction showed maximum reduction of blood glucose level by 21.94% on 60 minute of the experiment. On the other hand maximum reduction (p<0.05) of 17.92% was observed for petroleum ether-catharanthus (PET-CR) on 30 minute of the experiment. Metformin HCl was used as standard drug. Our results indicate that the CHCl 3-CC fraction is relatively more potent than other fractions of C. cordifolia. Similarly the PET-CR is found to be better than other fractions of catharanthus. Phytochemical screening test results showed that chloroform fraction of C. cordifolia contain saponins and flavonoids compounds, which are known to be hypoglycemic. On the other hand petroleum ether fraction of C. roseus contains tannins, flavonoids and alkaloid compounds produced varying degree of blood sugar reduction. On the pharmacological point of view C. cordifolia and C. roseus appears to be a valuable plant, which can be useful, at least as an adjunct, in the therapy of diabetes.
... Traditionally, dried and powdered leaves of the M. serratulum are mixed with ghee as a remedy for asthma, cough and nerve complaints, apart from which they were also used for treating fever, headache and ear diseases. The plant's berries were also reported for their anti-inflammatory activities [15][16][17]. ...
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating inflammatory disorder characterized by an overactive immune system targeting joints, leading to inflammation and intense pain. While current RA therapies effectively alleviate symptoms, they are often associated with significant side effects. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of an Ethanolic Extract of Myxopyrum serratulum A.W. Hill (EEMS) using animal models.
Results
The acute toxicity study with EEMS (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) on rats showed no toxicity or mortality up to the highest dose. Inflammation was induced using carrageenan, and rats were treated with varying doses of EEMS (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and diclofenac to assess anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-arthritic efficacy was evaluated using Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation, comparing EEMS to methotrexate. The results revealed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of EEMS and a reversal of arthritic-induced weight loss in treated groups. Paw volume reduction was significant in both EEMS and methotrexate groups. Biochemical analyses showed elevated markers in the arthritic control group, which were normalized by EEMS and methotrexate. Notably, EEMS (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced cathepsin-D levels compared to the positive control. EEMS administration also lowered hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased endogenous antioxidants (SOD, GSH, and GPX). The 200 and 400 mg/kg doses reduced the iNOS/GADPH ratio, while the 400 mg/kg dose restored cellular and joint structure and significantly decreased IL1 levels.
Conclusions
In conclusion, EEMS demonstrated substantial protective effects, mitigating health risks associated with chronic inflammation such as arthritis. These findings underscore the ethnomedical potential of Myxopyrum serratulum as a promising anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis agent. The study suggests that EEMS could be a viable alternative or complementary therapy for RA, offering therapeutic benefits with potentially fewer side effects than current treatments.
... A number of ethanomedicinal uses of the drug are reported. Whole plant was used either alone or with other herbs for the treatment of common diseases such as fever, rheumatism, indigestion, cold, eczema and diarrohea [4] , paste of root bark was locally applied in the treatment of elephantiasis [5] and Root bark powder was used to treat diarrhea and dysentery and it is an excellent substitute for ipecac. Traditionally it was used to treat cholera, extracting guinea worms and indigestion. ...
... The species of Crotalaria L. had a wide medicinal application that plays a significant role in bioremediation, ethnomedicine formulation and in agriculture. From ancient times, various species of this genus have been used traditionally as medicine for various diseases in India [11]. The phytochemical studies on different species of this genus such as Crotalaria juncea [12]; C. burhia [13], C. lachnosema [14] and C. pallida [15] revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, tannins and volatile oils. ...
Medicinal plants have many bioactive components that hold numerous activities against diseases and beneficial effects on human metabolism. The knowledge of these Phytochemical constituents had not yet been explored for many plants which are traditionally used in household treatments. Crotalaria paniculata Willd. is one such medicinal plant that belongs to the family Fabaceae used for skincare diseases by tribal people. The present research work is undertaken to identify the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of methanol leaf extract of C. paniculata Willd. The ion chromatogram of GC-MS analyses showed that the plant accounts for 20 bioactive compounds and among these compounds Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl contribute 21.98% and 14-Acetyl-13-methoxypodocarpa-8,11,13-Triene with 15.63 % area percentage. Most of the identified compounds are medicinally important that are used in skincare ointments. The antioxidant assay by DPPH, H 2 O 2 and Ion Chelating assay showed a higher percentage of free radical scavenging activity with IC 50 value of 39.28 µg/ml (DPPH assay); 72.68 µg/ml (H 2 O 2 assay) and 54.74 µg /ml (Ion Chelating Assay). On compared with the standard Ascorbic acid the result indicates that the plant compounds have potential as antioxidants and further can be investigated for medicinal application.
... Of great noteworthiness is a vital plant affiliated with the Meliaceae family, Aphanamixis polystachya (wall.) Parker is provincially familiar with "Pithraj," "Royna," "Tiktaraj," or "Baddiraj," which is profusely found in the Indo-Bangladesh subcontinent (Basu, 1999;Chopra & Nayar, 1956;Gupta et al., 2010). The literature search has indicated significant biological activity of this plant, including antioxidant, laxative, anti-cancer, insecticidal, antifeedant, thrombolytic, anti-bacterial, antirheumatic, anthelmintic, anti-fungal and analgesic properties (Haque et al., 2020;Mishra et al., 2014;. ...
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker is a sanative herb with colossal corny
convenience. This plant contains a wide range of secondary metabolites, which have been
linked to numerous medicinal uses. The current investigation aimed to find the
phytochemical components and assess the hypoglycemic impact of n-hexane, chloroform,
and methanol extracts of Aphanamixis polystachya seeds. Phytochemical screening was
carried out using qualitative analysis. To measure hypoglycemic activity, hyperglycemic
lab rats with glucose and STZ were used. All of the extractives contained the
phytochemicals flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. After 30 minutes of administration,
the n-hexane extract showed a drop of 41.44% in blood glucose levels, while the
chloroform extract exhibited the most significant reduction, 47.76%, at a dose of 150 mg/g
BW. The fascinating discovery is that the methanolic extract, which contained
carbohydrates absent in the other extracts, resulted in a 14.92% increase in blood glucose
levels within 30 minutes of treatment. Organic seed extracts can prevent hyperglycemia,
which will be a significant argument in favor of the Aphanamixis polystachya plant's
common uses in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. More research is required to
determine the exact mechanism of action, pinpoint the active ingredients, and clarify their
structures.
... Seeds when roasted and used along with Alsi (Linum Usitatissimum) it is used for Taqwiyat-i-Bah (aphrodisiac). Till 7 grams and burnt walnut 3 grams is useful in Bawasir (bleeding piles) 8,9,40 . Till Safeed is a constituent of many compound pharmacopeial Unani formulations having Zoaf-e-Baah as their major therapeutic indication e.g. ...
Within the management of health care, the traditional system of medicine remains indispensable. The Unani system of medicine treats a variety of illnesses with a range of medications derived from plants. Historically, people have utilized sesamum indicum seeds as a medicinal ingredient. Various parts of the plant have been used by traditional physicians. However, the dried seed and oil are commonly used as Till in Unani Medicine. The plant has a very long history of use as a medicinal herb. It can be used on its own or in compound pharmacopeial compositions with other medications. Till Safeed is an annual plant of family Pedaliaceae and this review article aims to describe morphological characteristics, phytochemistry, ethnobotanical uses and therapeutic properties of Till Safeed. So that subsequent study on any novel therapeutic activity based on phytochemistry can be conducted with greater simplicity and to support the revalidation of the drug's scientifically claimed actions as mentioned in classical literatures. We systematically searched classical Unani literature, online data sources (PubMed, Google scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct and Research Gate) and offline encyclopaedia and books on medicinal plants for the relevant data on Till Safeed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols, essential minerals, and a special class of phenylpropanoid chemicals called lignans—which include sesamin, sesamol, and sesamolin—are among the bioactive ingredients found in till seeds. The pharmacological characteristics of sesame lignans include. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, cholesterol-lowering, hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzyme-increasing, and anti-hypertensive properties.
Keywords: Sesamum indicum, Unani Medicine, phytochemistry, sesamin, sesamolin.
... The World health organization monographs meticulously delineate the herb through various criteria, encompassing synonyms, vernacular names, and the frequently utilized plant parts. They elaborate on the herb's geographical distribution, methods for identification and characterization (involving microscopic and macroscopic examination, as well as purity test), active components (if identified), dosage form, dosing technique, therapeutic applications, and also provide insights into contraindication and potential ADR's [1][2][3]. ...
... Following ethnomedicinal approach, screening of M. esculenta bark was done for the treatment of asthma. The ethanol extract of bark at dose of 75 mg/kg given by oral route was found to exhibit remarkable antiasthmatic activity through several mechanisms which include: antianaphylactic activity in guinea pigs induced by egg albumin, spasmolytic activity by relaxation of guinea pig smooth muscle (tracheal muscle) in histamine and acetylcholine (Ach)-induced contraction,[45] bronchodilatory activity by protecting againstwww.wjpr.net │ Vol 13, Issue 15, 2024. ...
Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) commonly known as Himalayan bayberry or kaphal is an important Indian medicinal plant. It is found in foothill tracks of Eastern Himalayas (Uttarakhand, Garhwal), Meghalaya, Nepal, China and Pakistan. Local tribes mainly use its fruits to prepare pickle and refreshing drinks. Traditionally, the bark has been used for the treatment of cough, asthma, fever, chronic bronchitis, diarrhoea, rheumatism and inflammation; roots have been used in bronchitis, asthma, cholera and flowers claimed to treat earache, diarrhoea, paralysis.. The fruit of Myrica esculenta contains ascorbic acids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The main compounds found in the fruit are hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaricacid, caffeic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, and myricetin. It is also a goodsource of protein, carbohydrates, and vitamin C. Therefore, fruits are used in the making of many foods and beverages like jams, syrups, etc. It has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. The objective of the present review article is to compile all the relevant published information regarding traditional uses, phytochemistry and therapeutic potential of M. esculenta. For this purpose various databases and books were examined. The review clearly demonstrates the importance of this plant in ethnomedicine and its immense potential in modern medicine.
... Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (Family: Bignoniaceae) is a medium-sized tree that grows in Asian tropical and subtropical regions. In India, it is commonly known as 'Sonapatha' or 'Syonakh' or 'Trumpet tree' due to the resemblance of its flowers with the trumpet (Chopra et al. 1956). In Ayurveda, it is recommended for several therapeutic applications either single or polyherbal drug preparations. ...
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. is a rare herb belonging to the family Hypoxidaceae, popularly known as “Kali Musli” in India, “Sam Cau”, “Tien Mao” in Vietnam, “Xian Mao” in China. This species is native and widely distributed in Asian countries such as India, Nepal, Pakistan, South China, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, and the Philippines. C. orchioides contains several classes of chemicals, including saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phytosterols, steroids, free reducing sugars starch, proteins, resins, tannins, mucilage, fats, and inorganic compounds. Rhizoma Curculiginis is used in traditional medicine remedies in various countries for the treatment of a range of ailments, including impotency, aphrodisiacs, tonics, jaundice, and skin conditions. The scientific evidence indicates its aphrodisiac, spermatogenic, estrogenic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporosis, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial. Antiasthmatic, antistress, anticancer, antigout, antihypertensive, antimalarial, and cardiovascular activities. As traditional herbal medicine, C. orchioides has been investigated for its pharmacological activity against diabetes, fungi, bacteria, inflammation, osteoporosis, oxidative stress, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Findings of bioactive compounds and the biological effects of the extract of C. orchioides provide scientific support for the folk use of this plant in the traditional, unvalidated herbal drugs as aphrodisiac and rejuvenating tonics.
Nerium oleander L. is a shrub. It remains evergreen and cultivated around the globe. It belongs to family Apocynaceae. It is grown for being highly medicinal, toxic and ornamental in nature. It is effective for cardiovascular, cancers, hyperglycemia, scabies and pathogenic disorders. Commonly used as rat poison and insecticidal. Consumption of any part becomes fatal for animals and humans. It is highly drought resistant and cultivated across all ecological zones of Pakistan. Current study attempted to explore different morphometric and allometric growth (leaves, sepals, petals, stamens and carpels) and relational parameters in plants collected from different altitudinal zones with varied climatic factors. Samples were collected from Yasin valley in Ghizer, Gilgit and Sonikot. Genes controlling number of sepals (#5), petals (#5), stamens (#5) and carpels (#5) found consistent and constant in their expression irrespective of their agro-ecological and climatic conditions. Mean area of petals recorded was 1.39 mm 2 (R 2 = 0.32) followed by sepals with 0.343 mm 2 (R 2 = 0.0019). Similarly, mean area of stamens was 0.73 mm 2 (R 2 = 0.0914) and carpels was 0.21 mm 2 (R 2 = 0.2615). Moreover, mean area of leaves was recorded 8.52 mm 2 (R 2 = 0.2404). Length and width of each floral part and leaves showed that their gene co-expression is highly significant. This is assumed to be either controlled by a single gene or in case of involvement of multiple genes, they are highly corelated in their expression. Whereas different parts of the plant showed dependency on the climatic variation. Therefore, the number of floral parts is a reliable characteristic to consider for systematics. Whereas their length, width and sizes cannot be considered for taxonomic categorizations.
The study of pollen morphology and understanding of the pollen morphological features of a variety of plant taxa is of immense help in plant taxonomy and systematics. In the present study, 8 cultivars of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae) were observed under the light microscopic (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) techniques from Lucknow, India. The observed pollen morphological characters, their similarities and variations among the studied cultivars, were documented, analyzed and illustrated as well in taxonomic perspective. Pollen grains of the Catharanthus roseus cultivars are essentially stenopalynous and a monad, subtriangular, isopolar, radially symmetrical, prolate, medium-sized, tri (tetra) colporate with perforated sexine, whereas prevalent variations in the pollen size (P/E values), aperture diameter, nature and arrangement, as well as exine thickness are apparent. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to show the relationship among the 8 studied cultivars of Catharanthus roseus, which showed that polar axis, equatorial diameter, colpi length, colpi width, os length, os width, os shape and exine thickness were found significant palyno-morphological attributes. Moreover, a taxonomic key was also developed to show the variations in pollen morphological features and also to delimit the 8 cultivars of Catharanthus roseus investigated for quick and correct identification. The study underlines the taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in correct identification of the studied Catharanthus roseus cultivars.
Background: Scientifically obesity (Corpulence) refers to “excessive accumulation of Body Fat”. Obesity is rapidly
increasing across the world at an alarming rate. Various conventional drugs available in the market are associated with
copious side effects that can also lead to rebound obesity. Drug interventions based on Natural products prompted as
one of the crucial strategies for the treatment and management of obesity. Objective: The current study was designed
to investigate the anti-obesity activity of methanolic extract of Inula racemosa, Ceratonia siliqua and its combination
on GTG induced obese mice. Method: In-vitro anti-obesity activity of MEIR, MECS and its combination was done
on various enzymes such as α Glucosidase, α amylase and pancreatic lipase. Female Albino mice were randomly
divided into eleven groups. For the induction of obesity experimental mice were injected with a single i.p. injection of
GTG. At the end of the experimental protocol, animals were sacrificed and various anthropometrical, nutritional,
biochemical, histopathological parameters and gene expression of PPAR-γ were studied. Results: Supplementation
with MEIR, MECS and its combination significantly (p<0.01 & p<0.05) reduced the severity of various
anthropometrical, nutritional, biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination revealed the therapeutic
effect of both drugs and their combination. Furthermore, at the molecular level MEIR, MECS and its combination
remarkably down-regulated the expression of PPAR-γ. Conclusion: Together the results of physical, biochemical,
histopathological parameters and molecular study unambiguously demonstrate the anti-obesity activity of MEIR,
MECS and its combination, promoting it as an admiring future candidate for the development of gene-specific antiobesity
drugs.
Keywords: Anti-obesity, Inula racemosa, Ceratonia siliqua, pharmacological synergy, In-vitro assays, PPAR-γ,histopathology
Long-term curative efficacy, low cost, easy availability, and no side effects are the peculiar features of the traditional herbal system of treatment, which is the most beautiful gift of nature to the living society to live a healthy life. The most intelligent creatures humans have been using these plants since the ancient era have been experimenting with various toxic plants and their usage, detoxification process, and accurate dose for treating ailments. This knowledge of folklore medicines is restricted and limited to their own family only. The current paper is an attempt to bring this knowledge of toxic plants, detoxification process, toxicity, ethnic use, and dose to the limelight. Bargarh is loaded with various forest patches, and tribal inhabitants have plenty of ethnic knowledge of folklore medicines. During the study, 19 mainly used toxic plants belonging to 14 families were identified. Out of 19 plant species, 5 were herbs, 6 were shrubs, 3 were trees, and 5 were climbers. To discuss the toxicity and phytochemicals of toxic plants and the importance of detoxifying media, various books, journals, and databases have been utilized. It was found from the study that toxic plants are more effective than non-toxic plants due to their unique property of spreading all over the body quickly if they could be detoxified before use and taken in appropriate doses. Cow milk, cow urine, and cow ghee, along with the juice of some plant parts, were found to be used in almost all processes of detoxification. GC–MS, HPLC, TLC, and Spectroscopy, like advanced technical analysis by various researchers, have proved the reliability of these ethnic processes of detoxification. Understanding the mechanism of action of the detoxified phytochemicals could be the future study of this area.
Abstract-
Background: Botanical, Pharmacognostical, Biodiversity and Toxicological research studies of ASU herbal single drugs / products remains a big challenging task. There needs to be more than the advance investigation research studies and screening parameters to validation, authenticate, identification and differentiate adulterants in ASU medicinal plants. Ipomoea nil (Linn.) Roth. is one of the herb used to treat various health wellness and therapeutic illness of public mankind. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the Botanical, Pharmacognostical, Biodiversity and Toxicological research studies of the seeds part of plant of I N. Materials and Methods: The Botanical, Pharmacognostical, Biodiversity and Toxicological authenticate identification, quality control research studies of the seeds part of plant of I N. powder were carried out using standard methods. The studies explored of quality, safety and toxicity effects of the tested drug samples were also investigated applied standard methods WHO/AOAC/AYUSH Pharmacopeia. Results and Conclusion: The Botanical, Pharmacognostical, Biodiversity, Toxicological QC. QA. Properties of I N. have shown that all the parameters were within the permissible limits. The tested drug samples showed significant quality, safety and toxicity studies against certain pathogens organisms and promising anti-pathogenic activity. In the investigated studies of Botanical, Pharmacognostical, QC. Toxicological research findings revealed that the revalidated test drug was free from adulterations and toxic contamination's. This investigated herb research data confirmed to revalidated of drug standardization and therapeutically may treat that the drug is safe for internal use and cures in Cold, Dropsy, Gout, Joint pain, Vitiligo, Itching, Asthma and Anthelmintic disorder etc.
Jujube is valued for its high nutritional content and is frequently used in herbal medicine due to its extraordinary health advantages. This unusual plant has been used medicinally and as a fruit since ancient times. Vitamin C, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and polysaccharides are some of the biologically active components of jujube. It can be put to practical use as an anticancer, antifun-gal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, Wound healer, and many more. One of the key health benefits of jujube is its ability to lower blood sugar levels. Jujube contains compounds that help regulate blood sugar, making it a potentially beneficial food for individuals with diabetes. Moreover, jujube has been shown to reduce LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure, both of which are risk factors for heart disease. Jujube's high antioxidant content also makes it a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Chronic inflammation has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. By reducing inflammation in the body, jujube may help prevent or mitigate these diseases. This article intends to make people aware of its benefits and activities to subdue the number of chronic diseases so that improve the health & prosperity of distinct.
Pharmacognostical Phytochemical And Antimicrobial Activity On Jasminum
Grandiflorum Linn.
Background: Evaluation of a crude drug means its identification and determination of its purity and quality which can be attempted by different methods of evaluation depending on the morphological and microscopical studies of the crude drug or physical, chemical and biological behavior. Plants contain many active constituents and the utility of a crude drug is due to its therapeutically active constituent, so it is necessary to isolate particular compounds of interest.
Objectives: The objective of the present study is to determine the pharmacognostic, phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antihelmintic activity of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn.
Methodology: Pharmacognostical studies like TS, powder microscopy and leaf constant to know the type of cell, cell arrangements, and physico-chemical parameters to know its proximate value, Phytochemical screening is to determine the type of constituents present in different extracts of the leaf part of the plant.
Successive extraction of the leaf of the plant was done with different solvents like pet ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, and water. The chloroform fractions done from ethanolic extract were chosen for the isolation of different chemical constituents. Isolation was by column chromatography and separation
method A Total of four constituents were obtained which were purified by the crystallization method. Characterization of isolated compounds was done by comparing them with standard compounds by TLC and UV. Antimicrobial screening such as anti-bacterial studies done for all extracts to know their activity and also anthelmintic activity was evaluated on adult earthworms using all extracts to know their activity.
Result: A total of four compounds are isolated in pure form. All the compounds give a single spot on TLC.
Conclusion: The extraction and isolation procedure used is suitable for isolating different constituents from Jasminum grandiflorum.
Keywords: Jasminum grandiflorum, pharmacognosy, phytochemical, anti-microbial, anthelmintic.
Inula racemosa, also known as mannu or pushkarmool, is a critically endangered perennial herb that belongs to the family Asteraceae. Every part of this plant has economic value and is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases. It exhibits diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic, expectorant, and antioxidant properties. The essential oil of I. racemosa is in great demand in the pharmaceutical and perfume industry. It has been harvested from the wild over previous decades and become an endangered species due to the demolition of natural habitat and unsustainable harvesting practices. Due to climatic specificity, it is cultivated only in the Himalayan ecosystem and climate change has reduced the adaptable capacity of their wild ancestral populations. Furthermore, the area under cultivation is declining day by day mainly due to its long life cycle, fluctuation in the market price, and marginal farmers with small land holdings. There is greater need to cultivate this medicinal plant as a cash crop on a commercial scale. The number of agricultural techniques like propagation, multiplication, nutrient requirement, and sustainable harvesting methods should be developed to get a good quality produce. This chapter summarizes botanical, geographical, and pharmaceutical aspects; and techniques to conserve this herb for future generation.
The State of Jharkhand abounds in the bounties of Nature in the form of huge mineral resources, enormous forest wealth and a wide variety of medicinal herbs/plants and spices, capable of successfully curing numerous ailments afflicting human race. In this paper, a modest attempt has been made to identify these immensely valuable gems of medicinal plants and their numerous therapeutical applications. Their proper cultivation, harvesting, tapping, harnessing and processing can transform the face of the sector in the State, economically, socially and environmentally. Some of these rare species are already on the verge of extinction and require immediate Government's attention and initiatives.
This work was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic efficacy of ethanol extract of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds in normal and in alloxan -induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose level of the rats was checked before the administration of alloxan using One Touch Glucometer and test strips. The rats were then fasted for 16 hours, but with free access to water after which they received an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 200 mg/kg body weight. The rats were orally given 20 ml each of 75% glucose solution after 3 hours to prevent hypoglycemia. The animals were allowed free access to food and water after alloxan administration. After 48 hours of the alloxan administration, blood was collected orbito rectally and their glucose level was checked using One Touch glucometer and test strips. The rats were divided into six groups containing five rats each. The groups were administered 150 mg, 250 mg and 350 mg doses of ethanolic extract of Phaseolus vulgaris seed per kg body weight respectively. Administration in all instances was by gavage using intubation cannular. These treatments were repeated for five consecutive days. To a positive control group of five rats was administered 5 mg of glibenclamide (a standard anti-diabetic drug) per kg body weight for five consecutive days. Another group of five rats used as negative control did not receive any treatment. The non-diabetic group received neither alloxan nor the extract. The 24-hour acute toxicity test of the orally administered ethanolic extract of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds showed that the extract is non-toxic because no death was recorded. Antidiabetogenic potential of the extract was investigated by pretreatment of two groups of rats with 350 mg/kg of the extract for one and two weeks respectively. The result showed that all the doses were significantly (P<0.05) effective in reducing blood sugar level of alloxan induced hyperglycaemic rats when compared to the control diabetic rats that were treated with glibenclamide (a standard antidiabetic drug). However, the best reduction in blood glucose level was observed with ethanolic extract at a dose of 150 mg/kgbw. The antidiabetogenic groups showed a significant reduction( P<0.05) in the glucose levels post induction of Alloxan. These results suggest that the seed extract of Phaseolus vulgaris may possess hypoglycemic effect and could be of benefit in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, controlling the blood sugar as well as in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes mellitus.
Introduction: The branch of traditional medicine constitutes Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy. The knowledge of these traditional systems of medicine with the perspective of safety, efficacy, and quality will helps to the traditional legacy and also to rationalize the use of natural products in healthcare as well. Aim and Objective: The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate an in vitro antioxidant activity and quantification of phytochemicals of polyherbal drug, Gokshuradi churna (G. churna). Methods: An aqueous extract of G. churna of 10mg/mL concentration was used for the estimations of total phenols, flavanoids, saponins and tannins. Free radical scavenging activity in terms of DPPH, superoxide and nitric oxide scavenging activity of G. churna was carried out by the standard methods. Results: In this study the phytoconstituents such as flavonoids (69.11±5.31 mg/g quercetin equivalent), phenols (56.39±4.07 mg/g gallic acid equivalent), saponin (73.43 ± 3.41 mg/g diosgenin equivalent) and tannin (58.11±1.41 mg/g tannic acid equivalent) were noticed in G. churna. Among which saponin and flavonoids showed highest content of 73.43 mg/g and 69.11 mg/g respectively in G. churna. An antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the DPPH radical scavenging concentration (IC50: 79.47 μg/mL; Standard IC50: 59.84 μg/mL), superoxide radical concentration (IC50: 125.12 μg/mL; Standard IC50: 91.57 μg/mL) and nitric oxide radical concentration (IC50: 244.85 μg/mL; Standard IC50: 264.41 μg/mL) under in vitro conditions. Conclusion: The present study established that the drug showed an effective IC50 concentration for nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. It also scavenges DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of the drug may be due to the polyherbal ingredients present in it. The antioxidant activity in terms of scavenging nitric oxide radical was significantly higher than the standard ascorbic acid and also its activity was concentration-dependent.
Ashwagandha, often known as Indian ginseng, is a popular therapeutic plant in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. Its roots and leaves have adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Traditional medicine mainly relies on ashwagandha, a powerful medicinal plant with alkaloids and withanolides. This study in-vestigates the genetic diversity and qualitative characteristics of 29 Withania somnifera L. genotypes, using RAPD markers to guide breeding strategies. Plant components from several Indian locations were grown in a ran-domized block design. Genomic DNA was isolated using a modified C-TAB technique and analyzed with 33 RAPD markers, revealing high variability (PIC values ranging from 0.154 to 0.985). Growth habit, leaf shape and color, flower color, berry color, and root color were among the qualitative qualities found, with intermediate and erect growth styles, mostly ovate leaf forms, and a wide range of leaf and flower colors. Genetic analysis revealed substantial polymorphism, with a UPGMA dendrogram clustering the genotypes into eight distinct groups, indicating diverse genetic backgrounds. The qualitative and molecular characterization of genetic variation in ashwagandha sheds light on the variability and adaptability of this essential therapeutic plant. Understanding and utilizing this variability allows researchers and breeders to improve the conservation, breeding, and long- term usage of ashwagandha, assuring its continued value in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology. This genetic diversity plays an essential role in breeding initiatives aiming to improve production, quality, and stress resilience. The study emphasizes the necessity of leveraging this variety through advanced breeding and biotechnology technologies to create superior Ashwagandha cultivars, maximize their therapeutic value, and assure long-term cultivation.
To fulfill the everlasting demands of the modern world population for food, fiber and
shelter, agricultural sector is working continuously. Concerns regarding this success cost directly
to the economy, ecology and society, although the improved agricultural systems are addressing
these issues while sustaining the crop production scales. This paper reviews the challenges to
integrated agricultural systems and evaluates the different agricultural systems in a hierarchical
systems framework and provides a definition and example for each component of the system.
Therefore, preservation of our priceless ecosystems and biodiversity is essential in order to feed
the globe. The market for innovative, socially and environmentally sustainable food production
systems is currently seeing a surge in support as public awareness of the issues facing the current
industrialized food system grows. This has also increased the calls for changes to agricultural
policies and regulations. The preservation, upkeep of ecosystems and sustainable food systems
must be prioritized in the food production process, and thus necessitating both a rational
management approach that looks forward and make significant adjustments to the patterns and
practices of economic development, product and production. Low environmental effect
techniques are to be given top attention and food systems ought to be reformed to guarantee good
nutrition and food safety, while, also having a neutral and positive environmental impact. As
essential visions for the management of agriculture and food production, agro-ecological,
organic, biodynamic, regenerative, urban and precision agriculture are just a few of the transition
strategies and systems that will be discussed, built, guided and evaluated in this review paper.
Therefore, we examined the development of proven approaches to the creation of sustainable
food and agricultural systems. We also produced an evaluation of the most important
sustainability concerns about food, the environment, climate change, rural development priorities
and resource utilization methods
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