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azarinia@ut.ac.ir
The Coins In the name of Imam Mahdi in Pre-Safavid era
and Formation of the Concept of Shiite Ruler
Hamidreza Azarinia
Mohammad Hosein Afrakhte
Abstract:
Imamite Muslims, who follow twelve Imams from decent of the prophet, believe that the political
ruling is de jure dedicated to the prophet and the twelve Imams. They believe that Imam
Muhammad Al-Mahdi, the twelfth Imam who was born in 9th century AD is still alive and will
come back in the promised day for constructing a heavenly world. For Imamite Muslims, who are
also known as Twelver Shia, the legitimate government and the right of ruling is dedicated to
Imam Mahdi. While Shiite community did not developed as a society, they participated in Sunni
social institutions as a minority. Afterward in medieval period, when Sunni caliphate collapsed in
Baghdad by Mongol invasion, maintaining the social order obliged the Shia to establish
government on their own. In this article, we will explore the formation of a new role for Shia rulers
as the representative of Imam Mahdi. Our investigation is based on the coins of Shiite rulers in the
formative period of Shiite government concept. We find out the Shiite Sultan and Amir suppose
himself a ruler in force majeure circumstances, who shall give up his position to Imam Mahdi in
his reappearance
Keywords: Imam Mahdi, Shiite ruler, Numismatics, Pre-Safavid
Keywords: Imam Mahdi, Shiite ruler, Numismatics, Pre-Safavid
Ph.D Student in Anthropology, University of Tehran, Iran
azarinia@ut.ac.ir
https://tehran.academia.edu/Azarinia
M.A in History, University of Tehran, Iran
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