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The dimensions of perfectionism
... Perfectionism is characterized by a persistent drive to set exceptionally high standards for oneself, along with an intense fear of making mistakes (Frost et al., 1990). Research indicates that perfectionism, as a personality trait, is linked to various behavioral issues, including anxiety, anxiety-related disorders, eating disorders, interpersonal rumination, and depression (e.g., Hewitt et al., 2002;Nepon et al., 2011;Smith et al., 2017). ...
... The literature highlights the long-term effects of parenting styles from early childhood into later life (Flett et al., 1995;Frost et al., 1990;Hewitt et al., 2017;Hamachek, 1978). In this regard, studies also draw attention to the role of parenting styles in the development of perfectionism Frost et al., 1991;Hamachek, 1978;Hewitt et al., 2017) and report their association with both perfectionism and anxiety disorders (Affrunti & Woodruff-Borden, 2015, 2018Mitchell et al., 2013). ...
... The FMPS, developed by Frost et al. (1990) to assess perfectionistic tendencies, was adapted to Turkish by Kağan (2011). It consists of 35 items across six subscales, rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). ...
The main purpose of the study is to examine the mediating role of perfectionism in the relationship between perceived parenting styles (emotional warmth, overprotection, and rejection) and social appearance anxiety among emerging adults. Conducted as a relational survey model, the study sample included 410 university students (262 females, 148 males). Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the The Short Form of EMBU for Children. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Bootstrapping techniques were used for data analysis. Social appearance anxiety was positively correlated with perfectionism, maternal/paternal overprotection and maternal/paternal rejection, but negatively related to maternal/paternal emotional warmth. Moreover, perfectionism was positively correlated with maternal/paternal overprotection and rejection but not with emotional warmth. The results of the bootstrapping analysis revealed that maternal/paternal overprotection and rejection, but not emotional warmth correlated with social appearance anxiety via perfectionism. This suggests that parenting styles are indirectly linked to social appearance anxiety through perfectionism in emerging adults. These findings are expected to shed light on preventive and therapeutic interventions, especially in the context of mental health counselling to reduce social appearance anxiety in emerging adults, and to guide future research.
... Perfectionism represents an important factor related to ON, EDs, OCD, and diet. Perfectionism is a personality and multidimensional construct [21][22][23] related to high personal performance standards, strivings for flawlessness, and the tendency to be overly critical of one's behavior. Reviews identify two higherorder dimensions of perfectionism: Perfectionistic Strivings (PS) and Perfectionistic Concerns (PC) [24]. ...
... PC is considered maladaptive and linked to negative outcomes. Considering these facets, perfectionism could play a central role in a broad range of symptoms and a wide variety of psychopathologies [21]. In OCD, perfectionism is recognized as a risk factor [26], and its association with OCD has been well-documented [27]. ...
... The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) [21,43], Italian version by [44] is a self-report questionnaire composed of 35 items that assess perfectionism on a five-point Likert scale. Higher scores on MPS correspond to higher levels of perfectionism. ...
Purpose
Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) exhibits specific features that may overlap with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Perfectionism Striving (PS), and Perfectionism Concern (PC). While previous literature has shown predictiveness in different characteristics of ON, this study aimed to determine if PS, PC and OCD symptoms could predict ON dimensions in at-risk populations using Bayesian models.
Method
The study enrolled 622 individuals from three different at-risk populations: people who were following treatment for an Eating Disorder (Patients), people who were following a diet (Dieters) and University students with a degree in medicine or nursing (Students).
Results
Using Bayesian probabilistic methods and considering group factors, the model was enhanced highlighting that ON characterised Patients, Dieters, and Students. The predictiveness of OC features, PS, and PC in different ON characteristics was confirmed in each group, and different patterns were observed in the three groups. Regarding problems related to ON, predictors were higher in Patients, followed by Dieters and Students. Posterior Predictive Distribution (PPD) showed that almost 50% of Patients incur ON-related problems. In ON knowledge, Patients and Dieters are very similar. When feelings related to ON were considered, Patients and Dieters showed different interactions.
Conclusion
Clinicians should consider that one in two patients suffering from EDs might develop ON-related problems. People on a diet could show similar patterns of symptoms to patients in ON knowledge and feelings. Finally, our results confirm that perfectionism represents a risk factor for ON in each group considered.
... El perfeccionismo se define como el planteamiento de estándares personales excesivamente altos y la preocupación por los errores (Frost et al., 1990). Según Burns (1980), también implica la fijación de metas inalcanzables y la autovaloración en función de la productividad y el logro. ...
... Dado que el perfeccionismo puede comprender tanto aspectos adaptativos como desadaptativos, resulta esencial distinguir entre la búsqueda saludable de excelencia y el perfeccionismo patológico, que afecta negativamente al bienestar del individuo (Frost et al., 1990;Burns, 1980). Para Burns (1980), el perfeccionismo inadaptado surge cuando el sujeto es muy crítico consigo mismo y no se satisfacen sus demandas personales, generando resultados contraproducentes, como una baja productividad, deterioro en la salud mental, dificultades en las relaciones personales y en la autoestima. ...
... El perfeccionismo, de manera positiva, puede ser atribuido como una cualidad relacionada con la obtención de logros académicos, cumplimiento de objetivos, organización y disciplina (Reivan-Ortiz et al., 2021), por el contrario, de forma negativa, se lo podría ligar con trastornos mentales como el alcoholismo, anorexia, disfunción eréctil, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de la personalidad, suicidio, depresión, etc.; y afectaciones físicas como el síndrome del intestino irritable, dolor abdominal, colitis ulcerosa, migrañas, etc. (Frost et al., 1990). Igualmente, la autoestima podría ser un predictor de trastornos psicológicos como la ansiedad, depresión, trastornos alimentarios, insomnio y suicidio (Pérez Villalobos, 2019). ...
El perfeccionismo se caracteriza por la imposición de estándares extremadamente altos y poco realistas sobre el propio desempeño, acompañado de un miedo persistente a cometer errores. Esta característica puede impactar significativamente diversos aspectos de la vida del individuo, siendo la autoestima uno de los más afectados. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la correlación entre el perfeccionismo y la autoestima en estudiantes universitarios. Se implementó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Las variables se evaluaron mediante dos instrumentos: la Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo (MPS) y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Los resultados mostraron una correlación positiva entre el perfeccionismo adaptativo y la autoestima, mientras que el perfeccionismo desadaptativo presentó una correlación negativa respecto a la autoestima. Además, se evidenció que el perfeccionismo desadaptativo dominaba en la muestra, así como la autoestima elevada. Finalmente, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la autoestima con respecto al sexo.
... However, elevated levels of perfectionism consistently correlate significantly with adverse mental health outcomes (Khanam et al., 2024). These outcomes include a higher frequency and a wider variety of psychopathological symptoms (Frost et al., 1990). Therefore, perfectionism is also regarded as a clinical concept, serving as a susceptibility factor for a range of psychopathologies (Limburg et al., 2017;Smith et al., 2018aSmith et al., , 2022. ...
... They are driven by high standards, showing discipline and determination but do not obsess over unrealistic goals (Hamachek, 1978). Adaptive perfectionism involves the ability to handle unmet goals adaptively, respond constructively to criticism, and balance the pursuit of success with allowing for mistakes (Frost et al., 1990). This form of perfectionism is characterized by a balanced pursuit of high standards, with the core of perfectionism lying in demanding excellent performance from oneself rather than seeking external approval. ...
... Instead, a combination of self-enhancing humor and adaptive perfectionism can prove to be a potent mix, facilitating perfectionists in achieving their goals in a more beneficial way. In contrast, maladaptive perfectionists not only strive for high standards but also display maladaptive traits such as intolerance of flaws, fear of making mistakes, perpetual self-scrutiny, and a cautious approach to seeking approval from others (Frost et al., 1990). As a result, individuals with maladaptive perfectionism are less inclined to engage in aggressive humor, which can damage relationships. ...
Perfectionists often experience elevated stress levels due to their tendencies toward compulsions, rigidity, and the relentless pursuit of unrealistically high standards. Humor has proven to be an effective coping mechanism for stress; however, the type of humor employed plays a crucial role. Hence, it is valuable to explore whether perfectionists effectively utilize humor strategies to manage stress. Additionally, it is important to determine which humor styles are most beneficial for them. Through four studies, we aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of humor strategies for stress relief among perfectionists. Studies 1 and 2 utilized the Chinese version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (CFMPS), the 32-item Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), and the Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) in cross-sectional analyses. In Studies 3 and 4, we employed the stressful movie paradigm and a stressful life event recall paradigm to induce stress in a laboratory setting, manipulating perfectionism and humor separately. The findings indicated a positive association between perfectionism and both self-enhancing and self-defeating humor, with adaptive perfectionism being more closely linked to self-enhancing humor and maladaptive perfectionism to self-defeating humor. Both the cross-sectional and laboratory studies demonstrated that self-enhancing humor was more effective in relieving stress for perfectionists than self-defeating humor.
... Maslow (1970) also considered the struggle towards rightness as a determinant of positive mental health (Maslow, 1981). Perfectionism has been viewed as a multidimensional concept by many notable theorists (Frost, Marten, et al., 1990;Hewitt & Flett, 1991), comprising both interpersonal and intrapersonal components (Blatt, 1995). Intrapersonal perfectionism is based on persons' self-related decisions concerning their own personal and behavioral standards, whereas interpersonal perfectionism (i) is about experiencing pressure to attain high personal standards set by other people, ii) involves the feeling of being judged critically by others regarding the attainment of high personal standards, and iii) is also related to persons' own judgments and expectations from others to attain high behavioral standards. ...
... For years, there has been a long debate over whether perfectionism ought to be theorised as a global personality trait or whether it should be considered a domain-specific concept. Some perfectionism theorists, like Frost et al. (1990), Hewitt et al. (1991), and Hewitt, Flett, Besser, Sherry, and McGee (2003), conceptualised perfectionism as a global personality trait (Frost et al., 1990;Hewitt & Flett, 1991;Hewitt et al., 2003). While others claimed that perfectionism may apply only in selective areas of individual life as few perfectionists are perfect in all domains of life (Dunn et al., 2005;Missildine, 1963;Stoeber & Stoeber, 2009). ...
... For years, there has been a long debate over whether perfectionism ought to be theorised as a global personality trait or whether it should be considered a domain-specific concept. Some perfectionism theorists, like Frost et al. (1990), Hewitt et al. (1991), and Hewitt, Flett, Besser, Sherry, and McGee (2003), conceptualised perfectionism as a global personality trait (Frost et al., 1990;Hewitt & Flett, 1991;Hewitt et al., 2003). While others claimed that perfectionism may apply only in selective areas of individual life as few perfectionists are perfect in all domains of life (Dunn et al., 2005;Missildine, 1963;Stoeber & Stoeber, 2009). ...
Aim of the study: Present research aimed to find out the relationship between moral perfectionism (self-oriented moral perfectionism & socially prescribed moral perfectionism), moral judgment, altruism and forgiveness in young adults. It was hypothesized that socially prescribed and self-oriented moral perfectionism would positively predict moral judgment, altruism and forgiveness. Mediating role of moral judgment between moral perfectionism, altruism and forgiveness was also hypothesized. Methodology: Cross sectional research design was used in this research. Probability random sampling strategy was used to approach a sample of 200 (Men=100, Women=100) young adults with the age range of 20-25 years old (M=21.53, SD=1.31). To measure moral perfectionism, moral perfectionism scale, and adapted version of parental expectation scale of Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale were used. Further, moralization of everyday life scale, Forgiveness scale and adapted self-report altruism scale were used to measure moral judgment, forgiveness and altruism. Findings: Structural equation modeling through AMOS indicated SOMP as a negative predictor of forgiveness and SPMP a positive predictor of altruism and forgiveness whereas no prediction was found for moral judgment. Further, Moral judgment didn’t predict altruism and forgiveness. Conclusion: overall the study highlights the significance of both self-oriented and socially prescribed moral perfectionism in shaping moral behaviors. It suggests that personal and social standards together provide a deeper understanding of moral actions, particularly in terms of altruism and forgiveness. The implications of the study are discussed with its application in counseling, educational, social and moral psychology.
... Established connections between IS and burnout, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem in human healthcare [93][94][95][96] alongside suggestion that IS may be most prevalent amongst high achieving females [97] is noteworthy to an increasingly feminised veterinary profession currently suffering a recruitment and retention crisis [98]. As a component of IS, perfectionism is a multifaceted trait concerned with self-centric standard setting and evaluation [99]. It has long been suggested that an entrenched culture of infallibility and perfectionism is present within the medical profession [100]. ...
... While adaptive perfectionism may enhance both performance and wellbeing as it is based on intrinsic personal goals [101], maladaptive perfectionism is driven by socially prescribed standards and overly critical self-judgement. Individuals who display maladaptive perfectionism are known to attribute poor outcomes to lack of personal ability [102][103][104] and have difficulties in coping with real or perceived failure [99,[105][106][107][108][109]. Tellingly, 'concern over mistakes' is a major dimension in Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales (MPS) that are used to measure the construct [99,107]. ...
... Individuals who display maladaptive perfectionism are known to attribute poor outcomes to lack of personal ability [102][103][104] and have difficulties in coping with real or perceived failure [99,[105][106][107][108][109]. Tellingly, 'concern over mistakes' is a major dimension in Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales (MPS) that are used to measure the construct [99,107]. The pervasiveness and implications of imposter syndrome and associated maladaptive perfectionism within the veterinary profession has received only a small amount of literary attention [110,111]. ...
Support that mitigates the detrimental impact of adverse events on human healthcare practitioners is underpinned by an understanding of their experiences. This study used a mixed methods approach to understand veterinary practitioners’ responses to adverse events. 12 focus groups and 20 interviews with veterinary practitioners were conducted and analysed using grounded theory principles. Experiencing stress, externalising facts and feelings, morally contextualising events and catalysing personal and professional improvements were identified as components of practitioners’ response. Natural language processing content analysis of posts regarding involvement in adverse events (n = 572) written by members of a veterinary member-only Facebook group was also performed, to categorise and count words within texts based on underlying meaning. Percentile scores of four summary variables along with relative frequency of function, psychological process and time orientation words used were recorded and compared with content analysis of posts where members discussed euthanasia (n = 471) and animal health certification (n = 419). Lower authenticity scores (reflecting lower honesty), differences in clout scores (reflecting dominance) and higher frequencies of moralisation, future focus, prosocial behaviour and interpersonal conflict were observed in the adverse event group compared to either comparison group. Analytical thinking scores (reflecting logical thinking) and frequencies of total, positive and negative emotion, anxiety, anger and cognitive processing words (reflecting debate) were not significantly different between the adverse events and euthanasia groups. Integration of findings confirmed and expanded inferences made in both studies regarding the emotionally detrimental impact of adverse events and the role that peer-to-peer mediated reflection and learning plays in mitigating pathologisation of responses in the aftermath of adverse events. Discordance in findings related to practitioners’ intentions and expressions of honesty suggest that work is needed to normalise open discussion about adverse events. Findings may be used to lever, and to inform, peer-to-peer support for practitioners in relation to veterinary adverse events.
... El perfeccionismo es un constructo complejo, sin una definición aceptada de forma unánime en la actualidad (para una revisión, véase Stairs, Smith, Zapolski, Combs y Settles, 2012). Haciendo un esfuerzo de integración conceptual, puede entenderse como una disposición multidimensional de la personalidad caracterizada por esfuerzos de impecabilidad y el establecimiento de altos estándares de rendimiento, acompañados por una tendencia a excesivas evaluaciones críticas Frost, Marten, Lahart y Rosenblate, 1990;Hewitt y Flett, 1991Stoeber y Childs, 2011). Lo que sí está más claro es que se trata de un rasgo que impregna todos los ámbitos de la vida, que puede incluso tener influencia sobre la propia apariencia personal y las relaciones sociales que se establecen (Stoeber y Stoeber, 2009). ...
... autocrítica, dilación, normas personales excesivamente elevadas), declaraciones positivas de afrontamiento, experimentos conductuales o comprobación de hipótesis, diarios de pensamientos, psicoeducación, prevención de la ansiedad, entre otras. Dichas estrategias se han aplicado tanto individualmente como a grupos, formando parte de paquetes o programas terapéuticos extensos, o bien en talleres breves e intensivos, con los que se han conseguido significativos descensos en los niveles de Perfeccionismo Autorientado (dimensión de la MPS-H; Hewitt y Flett, 1991), Estándares Personales y Preocupación por los Errores (dimensiones de la MPS-F; Frost et al., 1990). Y esto no solo al finalizar las intervenciones, sino tras el seguimiento realizado semanas o meses después. ...
... Los componentes de este procedimiento terapéutico son los que siguen: buscar las propias interpretaciones, examinar y evaluar las expectativas, la importancia de la elección personal, el conocimiento de cómo ciertas formas de pensar causan angustia, establecer habilidades para hacer frente a los estados de ánimo negativos, mantener la perspectiva en la formulación de aspiraciones, y sentirse y actuar lo mejor posible. El tratamiento ha resultado beneficioso en la reducción de los niveles de Perfeccionismo Autorientado, Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito (dimensiones de la MPS-H; Hewitt y Flett, 1991) y Preocupación por los Errores (dimensión de la MPS-F; Frost et al., 1990). ...
El perfeccionismo es un rasgo de la personalidad caracterizado por la fijación de normas de rendimiento excesivamente altas. Varios estudios han demostrado la relación entre el perfeccionismo y el malestar psicológico en niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la efectividad de la biblioterapia basada en literatura infantil (con mayor propiedad, literapia) para disminuir los niveles de perfeccionismo en los niños. Se realizó una investigación de campo con alcance explicativo (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2014) y diseño cuasiexperimental pre-post de un solo grupo (León y Montero, 2003). Se aplicó un taller biblioterapéutico a 16 niños que cursaban 4.º y 5.º grado de educación primaria (i.e. niños de entre 9 y 11 años de edad) en un colegio privado de Caracas, quienes tenían puntajes extremos en perfeccionismo (≥ P75) y, a la vez, habían manifestado agrado por la lectura. El instrumento empleado para evaluar el perfeccionismo fue la versión adaptada y validada al contexto venezolano (Aguilar y Castellanos, 2015) de la Escala de Perfeccionismo Infantil (Oros, 2003). El taller constó de tres sesiones, en él se utilizaron ocho cuentos infantiles escritos e ilustrados por autores europeos y americanos. La biblioterapia consiguió que las puntuaciones de los niños en perfeccionismo y sus dimensiones (Autodemandas Absolutistas, Autodemandas Específicas, Malestar ante el Fracaso y Correlatos Negativos de los Errores) se redujeran de manera estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,01). Estos resultados apoyaron las hipótesis formuladas y coincidieron con la evidencia empírica referida por investigaciones foráneas. Quizás, gran parte del éxito de la técnica terapéutica descanse en el proceso de identificación lector-personajes y en la oportunidad que ofrece para resolver problemas de forma creativa. Se recomienda la aplicación de la terapia de lectura en contextos similares. Podrían tomarse ciertas medidas con el fin de potenciar sus efectos y asegurar un mejor control experimental.
... Perfectionism is a personality trait manifested by high performance standards and an inclination towards excessive self-criticism (Frost et al., 1990) in which consists of both adaptive and maladaptive elements, or specifically, perfectionistic strivings and concerns (Stair et al., 2012;Dunkley et al., 2006). This trait may become advantageous when it is adapted correctly as it would aid individuals to strive for excellence, happiness, and goal achievement that produces favourable results (Gnilka et al., 2012;Klibert et al., 2005). ...
... These negative behaviours are often stated to be connected to maladaptive perfectionism. To set illogically high expectation for, and make harsh critiques to self when those high standards are not successfully achieved are also characterised as self-critical perfectionism, in which categorised as a subtype of maladaptive perfectionism (Frost et al, 1990). Like have been stated before, individuals with self-critical perfectionism tend to have sour emotions such as anxiety and despair due to high level of expectation they set for themselves as well as afraid of making mistakes (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). ...
... Furthermore, Gilbert (2009), gives a detail elaboration on how CFT is able to foster the elements of self-compassion and gives aids to individuals with high self-critical perfectionism by reducing their psychological distress like depressive symptoms. As have been stated previously, self-critical perfectionism is always bridged to maladaptive perfectionism (Frost et al., 1990) in which causing individuals with this personality to face some difficulties and challenges in cultivating interpersonal relationships (Sherry et al., 2018). Therefore, this study is built on SCT and CFT as the main ideas in order to examine the mediating role of selfcompassion, where mindfulness and self-kindness are posited to reduce the negative effect of self-critical perfectionism on an individual's mental well-being. ...
... The former indicates a tendency to demand perfection of oneself, others, and/or the world, representing an adaptive aspect of perfectionism (self-oriented perfectionism; Hewitt and Flett 1991). The latter entails a propensity to obsess about mistakes and react negatively to discrepancies between performance expectations and actual performance, representing a maladaptive aspect of perfectionism (personal standards; Frost et al. 1990). Multiple studies have shown that this twodimensional model of perfectionism can generalize across different cultural groups (Smith et al. 2016). ...
... Perfectionistic concerns were evaluated using the 9-item Concern Over Mistakes subscale of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81; Frost et al. 1990). Sample items include: "I should be upset if I make a mistake" and "If I do not perform as well as others, it indicates that I am an inferior human being." ...
Across numerous languages, individuals frequently employ two spatial perspectives – namely, the Moving Time and Moving Ego metaphors – to represent the movement of events in time. Specifically, the Moving Time perspective conceptualizes time as a dynamic entity that moves toward a stationary observer situated in a fixed location. In contrast, the Moving Ego metaphor positions the individual (the “ego”) as the one traversing through time, while time itself remains static. Previous research has established a positive association between procrastination and the adoption of the Moving Ego perspective. Drawing on findings that highlight the robust link between procrastination and perfectionistic concerns, we hypothesized that perfectionistic tendencies would correlate with a greater propensity to invoke an ego-moving representation of time. The present research tests this hypothesis and provides substantial support for this relationship. We demonstrate that a well-established measure of perfectionistic concerns is linked to an increased use of the Moving Ego perspective when interpreting ambiguous temporal utterances. Furthermore, this relationship is mediated by procrastination. This study presents the first empirical evidence that individual differences in perfectionistic concerns may influence how people perceive and interpret temporal relationships.
... One personality trait often associated with stress is perfectionism, which is considered to have a negative impact on stress levels (Dunkley et al., 2014). Frost et al. (1990) along with a tendency toward self-critical evaluations and concern about making mistakes. Hewitt and Flett (1991) describe perfectionism as a personality trait characterized by the desire to achieve perfection by setting high standards for oneself and others, and believing that others also expect high standards from them. ...
... The ESSA consists of 16 items and assesses five aspects of academic stress: pressure from study, workload, worry about grades, self-expectation, and despondency. 2. Perfectionism: Perfectionism was assessed using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), developed by Frost et al. (1990) and adapted into Indonesian by Arshuha (2019). The FMPS contains 35 items that measure six dimensions: personal standards, concern over mistakes, parental expectations, parental criticism, doubts about actions, and organization. ...
This study aims to determine the effect of perfectionism and self esteem on academic stress in college students during online learning. The Research method used is a quantitative method with multiple regression analysis techniques. The sampling technique in this study is convenience sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 299 students, consisting of 81 males and 281 females. The measuring tools used in this research are Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA), Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), dan Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The result showed that self-esteem didn't significantly affect academic stress, but when together with perfectionism (maladaptive perfectionism) these two variables interact and contribute significantly to academic stress. The results of the coefficient of determination show that the contribution of perfectionism and self-esteem is 4,4% to academic stress. This shows that 4.4% of academic stress is influenced by perfectionism (maladaptive perfectionism) and self-esteem, 95.6% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
... Higher self-esteem and strong self-efficacy correlate with lower test anxiety and better performance, as such learners trust their linguistic competence and problem-solving skills (Hyseni Duraku & Hoxha, 2018;Sarı et al., 2017). This aligns with Al Fraidan's (2024a) exploration of test-taking strategies and cognitive approaches (Frost et al., 1990), where proficiency levels and gender differences emerged as influential factors. In that study, test anxiety was shown to affect guessing behaviors in multiple-choice assessments, suggesting that anxious learners might abandon systematic strategies in favor of random guessing. ...
Vocabulary Test Anxiety (VTA) is a critical yet under-explored factor influencing English as a Second Language (ESL) learners’ test performance. This study investigates the correlation between VTA, teacher strictness, and test-taking strategies among Saudi university students, highlighting their impact on vocabulary test outcomes. Five ESL learners from the Preparatory Year Program (PYP) at King Faisal University participated in think-aloud protocols while completing specially designed vocabulary assessments. Employing both quantative and qualitative research design, results revealed that perceptions of teacher strictness and individual coping strategies significantly moderated the effects of VTA on performance. These findings underscore the importance of transparent assessment practices, effective metacognitive strategies, and culturally sensitive teacher training in reducing anxiety and promoting equitable measures of lexical knowledge.
... Perfectionism involves setting excessively high personal standards and engaging in overly critical self-evaluations to avoid mistakes at all costs [19,20,56]. The literature suggests that perfectionism can be categorized into two higher-order dimensions: perfectionistic strivings (PSs) and perfectionistic concerns (PCs; [57]). ...
The concept of cancel culture has gained traction over the past 10 years, with the continuous rise of social media and online platforms. The limited literature on this topic tends to focus on possible definitions and characteristics. However, we have yet to fully understand how cancel culture, canceling, and canceling prevention impact individuals and their lives. As such, we set out to build an empirical base that would allow us to delimit, understand, and study these individual impacts of cancel culture by proposing a new model-the pressure for a perfect conduct (PPC) model. We interviewed 20 people from different age groups to understand how cancel culture impacts their lives and which variables could be related to the pressure that derives from it. We also gathered data on their opinion regarding our proposed model and key variable, "PPC." Our results seem to indicate that our model and the PPC variable can be used in the study of cancel culture's individual impacts. Additionally, participants posited that this pressure negatively impacts individuals' mental health, opinion construction, and social media participation. Furthermore, they reported that cancelling can be performed by and to anyone, not being limited to powerful figures. Further results and potential future studies are discussed. This work can help unlock future research on the topic by bringing forth a novel way to tackle it, as well as by exploring some of cancel culture's implications at an individual level.
... The concern over mistakes subscale of the Frost Multi-Dimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS; [39]) was used. Participants responded to nine statements (e.g., "I hate being less than the best at things") on a five-point Likert scale (1 = 'strongly disagree', 5 = 'strongly agree'). ...
Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) is an eating disorder characterised by a pathological interest and preoccupation with healthy foods and a healthy diet. Evidence suggests that tendencies towards OrNe may be prevalent across diet groups, and this is particularly the case in vegans and vegetarians. Our previous work has identified that alongside individual differences in obsessive compulsiveness and perfectionism, cognitive biases (attentional preference for healthy-related cues) are associated with OrNe, whereas explicit identity (as a vegan/vegetarian) is only associated with a healthy orthorexia form. No work has assessed whether one’s known identity (explicit identity) or that form of identity which is based on fast acting cognitive associations (implicit identity) further differentiate healthy orthorexia from OrNe tendencies in addition to compulsiveness and perfectionism. One hundred and forty-four self-identified vegans (n = 45), vegetarians (n = 50) and meat-eaters (omnivores) (n = 49) (66 females, 74 males, 4 non-binary; M age = 35.09) completed measures of current hunger status, obsessive compulsivity, perfectionism, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale, perceived identity centrality as a vegan/vegetarian (explicit identity) and a “self as vegan/vegetarian” implicit association test (implicit identity). Results showed increased orthorexia tendencies in both vegans and vegetarians compared to meat eaters (omnivores) but only in terms of healthy orthorexia. In addition, no differences were shown for OrNe suggesting the diet type is not influential in pathological orthorexia. Explicit identity and current hunger status were both shown to be associated with healthy orthorexia and not OrNe. Implicit identity as a vegan/vegetarian was unrelated to both dimensions, while compulsiveness and perfectionism predicted OrNe. Despite individuals implicitly associating the self with being a vegan/vegetarian, this identity does not serve as a maker of orthorexia nervosa.
... Despite the significant interest in it, there are limited studies in the literature that have considered the effect of parental criticism on adults. In existing research, parental criticism is associated with the feeling of not meeting expectations (Frost et al., 1990;Frost et al., 1993) and, consequently, insecurity regarding one's abilities (Soenens & Vansteenkiste, 2010;Costa et al., 2015). This may lead to a fear of failure, which in turn increases the likelihood of underperformance (Ahmad et al., 2013;Costa et al., 2015). ...
This study investigates how perceived parental criticism is associated with career confidence in students and workers, considering the mediating role of the fear of an uncertain future. In a rapidly changing labor market, students, as young individuals navigating early career decisions, experience heightened uncertainty about their future, especially regarding their professional paths. This research aims to verify whether perceived parental criticism negatively affects career confidence both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of fear of an uncertain future, and whether occupational status (being a student or already working) influences this relationship. Data were collected from a sample of 310 participants, consisting of 108 students and 202 workers. Multigroup structural equation models were used to test the mediation model simultaneously on students and workers. The results indicate that, in students, the relationship between parental criticism and career confidence is fully mediated by fear of an uncertain future, while in workers these associations are weaker and not significant. These findings suggest that students are more vulnerable to uncertainty, as they are in an early stage of career development, while workers may benefit from greater independence and emotional regulation skills. The study highlights the impact of perceived parental criticism on career confidence and the moderating role of occupational status, suggesting the need for interventions that reduce the fear of an uncertain future and encourage greater adaptability to career-related challenges.
... This can result in task avoidance due to the fear of receiving negative evaluations or being devalued by others if not meeting their expectations. The second is manifested in the cognitive element, which offers only two options for the perfectionist to complete a task -"everything" or "nothing", leading to procrastination as the subject delays task completion indefinitely (Beck, 1987;Frost et al., 1990;Garanyan, 2018). Numerous studies indicate conflicting data regarding the relationship between perfectionism and procrastination (Hewitt, Flett, 1989;Karlovskaya, 2008;Garanyan, 2010;Pushkina, 2015). ...
Lifelong learning nowadays is becoming more and more popular concept researched into in numerous studies as the demand for education among working adults, employers and society in general has grown dramatically. However, the investigations of the phenomena of procrastination and perfectionism in the context of motivation for learning among adult learners involved in professional development programs and/or postgraduate non-degree courses are far from being abundant. The presented study aimed to explore the motivation for success in the context of perfectionism and procrastination among adult learners attending professional development courses. The sample consisted of 105 individuals (adults with university degrees aged 21 to 53, average age — 38 years). The questionnaires A. A. Rean’s “Motivation for Success and Fear of Failure”, adaptation of Procrastination Scale by P. Steel (adaptation: N. M. Klepikova and I. N. Kormacheva), and Three-Factor Perfectionism Questionnaire (N. G. Garanyan and A. B. Kholmogorova) were employed to measure motivation for success and fear of failure, procrastination and perfectionism. To process the data obtained, statistical and mathematical methods were applied. The study revealed negative correlation between motivational orientations towards success and the level of procrastination and maladaptive manifestations of perfectionism (concern for others’ evaluations; negative selection). Positive correlations were found between maladaptive parameters of perfectionism (concern for others’ evaluations and negative selection) and procrastination. The study results also demonstrated the multi-motivational nature of educational motivation among adult learners. The results of the study are of great practical relevance for educationalists involved in designing studying programs.
... Perfectionism is commonly acknowledged as an intricate multifaceted personality trait and often be characterised by exceedingly high levels of self-critical judgement and personal standards, encompassing a synthesis of rigorous self-evaluative standards [1]. Frost et al. [2] outlined six dimensions of perfectionism. These encompassed Personal Standards, characterised by high internal expectations; Concerns Over Mistakes, reflecting apprehensions about errors; Parental Criticism, entailing critical evaluations/input from parents; Parental Expectations, involving demands of perceived flawlessness form parents; Doubts About Actions, encapsulating subjective uncertainty about performance; and Organisation, emphasising preparedness and methodicalness. ...
Background
Given the escalating challenges for UK-based physiotherapists in workload pressures, budget constraints, staff shortages and patient wait times, the profession (of 65,000 registered physiotherapists) necessitates immediate attention to the health and well-being of the therapists. This pioneering study aims to examine perfectionism, moral injury, and burnout among UK-based physiotherapists across the NHS, private practice, sports, and academia.
Method
This cross-sectional study utilised an online survey and implementation of Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) to assess the interplay of perfectionism (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Short Form), moral injury (Moral Injury Symptoms Scale-Healthcare Professionals), and burnout (Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire). Our sample size calculation represents the UK physiotherapy profession, utilising a 95% confidence interval with a 5% margin of error.
Findings
Our analysis conducted on (n = 402) UK-based physiotherapists reveals significant burnout levels, with 96% of participants presenting with moderate to high burnout scores. SEM revealed perfectionism and moral injury collectively accounted for a substantial 62% of burnout variability, highlighting their sequential impact on burnout manifestation.
Interpretation
With such high levels of burnout, urgent intervention is paramount. Elevated burnout presents challenges for the physiotherapy profession as staff retention, accurate and effective patient care, and overall health are severely impacted due to burnout. Recognising and addressing perfectionism and moral injury, such as through amendment or development of policy, becomes pivotal to mitigate its impact on individual and collective health.
... Specifically, individuals with high perfectionism dictate their self-worth by achieving high standards, being more vulnerable to the development of psychological disturbances due to the constant inability to meet parental expectations, as well as to the physical and emotional demands associated with performance 31 . In this sense, perfectionism is an outcome of the youth's effort to gain parental approval 9 . ...
This study explored the relationship between perceived parental involvement, perfectionist dispositional-like traits (striving for perfection; negative reactions to imperfection), and sports performance. Specifically, it examined whether perfectionism mediates the relationship between parental involvement and sports performance. Data were collected on perceived parental involvement, perfectionism in sports, and sports performance using both subjective and objective measures. The sample included 299 young male football athletes (from 15 teams across 8 clubs), all competing in U15 to U19 national championships. Path analysis revealed several findings, namely that (a) athletes who perceived higher parental involvement exhibited greater striving for perfection and reported higher levels of perceived individual and collective sports performance; (b) striving for perfection positively predicted both perceived collective sports performance and objective performance; (c) negative reactions to imperfection negatively predict objective performance; (d) striving for perfection positively mediated the relationship between perceived parental involvement and performance (both perceived individual and collective performance as well as objective sports performance). These findings underline the complex role parental behaviors, especially as perceived by young athletes, have in shaping athletic development and performance, and also highlight both the positive and potential negative effects of parental involvement, stressing the importance of providing parents with guidance on fostering a supportive sports environment.
... The research population was all male and female students in the first and second high school in Qom city in the academic years of 2021-2022, which based on the Krejcie and Morgan table 384 people of them were selected with using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments of the present study were included questionnaires on academic burnout (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), academic procrastination (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984) and perfectionism (Frost et al., 1990), and the obtained data were analyzed with using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with a stepwise model in SPSS software. Findings: The findings of the present study showed that students' academic procrastination and parents' perfectionism had a positive and significant correlation with high school students' academic burnout (P<0.001). ...
Purpose: Aacademic burnout in students causes a decline in other academic performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to explaining the phenomenon of students’ academic burnout based on the role of academic procrastination and parents’ perfectionism.
Methodology: This research was a descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was all male and female students in the first and second high school in Qom city in the academic years of 2021-2022, which based on the Krejcie and Morgan table 384 people of them were selected with using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments of the present study were included questionnaires on academic burnout (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), academic procrastination (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984) and perfectionism (Frost et al., 1990), and the obtained data were analyzed with using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with a stepwise model in SPSS software.
Findings: The findings of the present study showed that students' academic procrastination and parents' perfectionism had a positive and significant correlation with high school students' academic burnout (P<0.001). Also, students' academic procrastination and parents' perfectionism were able to explain 12% of the changes in students' academic burnout, which the share of academic procrastination was higher than perfectionism (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the effective role of students' academic procrastination and parents' perfectionism in explaining academic burnout in high school students, planning is essential to reduce their academic burnout by reducing students' academic procrastination and parents' perfectionism.
... Regarding perfectionism, it is nevertheless unclear to which degree the FFM trait conscientiousness actually represents perfectionism well (Haigler & Widiger, 2001;Mike, King, Oltmanns, & Jackson, 2018;Rojas, Crego, & Widiger, 2019;Samuel & Widiger, 2011;Smith et al., 2022). In fact, it has been demonstrated empirically that perfectionism is best understood as a multidimensional construct with both healthy and unhealthy manifestations (Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990;Hewitt & Flett, 1991;Smith et al., 2022). In a recent meta-analysis, Smith et al. (2019) evaluated the relation between FFM traits and multidimensional perfectionism scales and found that FFM traits do not map simply onto perfectionism dimensions: They found that 'perfectionistic concern', which can generally be regarded as a manifestation of unhealthy perfectionism, was in fact negatively associated with conscientiousness, while also associated with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and lower agreeableness. ...
Introduction: Functional Somatic Disorders (FSD) is an umbrella term for various conditions characterized by
persistent and troublesome physical symptoms, that are not better explained by other psychiatric or somatic
conditions. Personality traits may play a crucial role in FSD, but the link is not fully understood. This study
presents a systematic review and meta-analysis examines the relationship between the Five-Factor Model (FFM)
of personality traits and FSD.
Methods: The review was based on the PRISMA statement, and drew data from systematic searches in PsycInfo,
PubMed, and Embase. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to include eligible FSD groups and control groups
and to assess FFM traits. Data were analyzed using random effects models. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses as
well as meta-regression were used to explore the heterogeneity and robustness of findings.
Results: In total 6841 records were screened and 52 included. FSD cases scored higher on neuroticism (k =46,
Hedge’s g =0.72, [95 % CI, 0.61: 0.83]) and lower on extraversion (k =31, g =− 0.41, [− 0.55:-0.28]) and
agreeableness (k =15, g =− 0.22, [− 0.36:-0.09]) than healthy/unspecified controls. FSD cases scored higher on
neuroticism (k =9, g =0.26 [0.08:0.44]) and agreeableness (k =4, g =0.43 [0.28:0.59]) than somatic controls,
but did not differ on extraversion (k =6, g =− 0.17 [− 0.45:0.11]). No significant differences were found for
conscientiousness and openness. For psychiatric controls, meta-analysis was only possible for neuroticism (k =
3,=− 0.61, [− 1.98:0.77]). Findings displayed significant heterogeneity but no publication bias.
Conclusions: This review reveals significant associations between FFM traits and FSD, providing insight into the
etiology, classification, and management of FSD.
... Perfectionist trait was defined as "ex-ceedingly high standards, a propensity for overcritical evaluation and disproportional negative reactions to mistakes". 12 Surgical perfection relates to perfectionist tendencies while operating. 6 Trait perfectionism was measured using Stöber's revision of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). ...
... The sample validity and reliability of the thirteen items are given in Table III. The parental encouragement scale was incorporated from the Fisher and Padmawidajia's (1999) parental in¯uence scale and Frost et al. (1990) parental expectations scale. It consisted of six items. ...
لاستكشاف المسار العملي لشباب دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة تم سحب عينة عشوائية عنقودية من طلبة جامعة الإمارات لجمع بيانات عن الكثير من مؤشرات رؤية المسار العملي: كتوافر المعلومات عن المسار العملي، وإدراك فرص العمل، وتشجيع الآباء، بالإضافة إلى بعض المتغيرات الديموغرافية التي توضح النوع (ذكر/ أنثى)، الصف الدراسي (الأول/ الأخير)، مستوى تعليم الآباء (ابتدائي/ عالي). وقد تم توفيق نموذج قياسي لبيانات العينة لإظهار مدى ثبات وصدق المؤشرات التي وقع عليها الاختيار. ومن جهة أخرى أوضح التحليل الإحصائي عدم وجود فروق معنوية ترجع للنوع أو الصف الدراسي أو مستوى تعليم الآباء، باستثناء وجود فرق معنوي في توافر المعلومات عن المسار العملي لدى الطالبات بدرجة أكبر منها لدى الطلاب. كذلك تم استخدام نموذج مساري لإثبات وجود تأثير إيجابي معنوي لتوافر المعلومات عن المسار العملي، وإدراك فرص العمل، وتشجيع الآباء، على رؤية الطلبة للمسار العملي. وفي حين كان هناك تأثير مباشر لإدراك الطلبة لفرص العمل على رؤيتهم للمسار العملي، كان لتشجيع الآباء تأثير مباشر بنسبة 79% وتأثير غير مباشر بنسبة 21% على هذه الرؤية، وفي المقابل تبين أن تأثير المعلومات عن المسار العملي على الرؤية هو تأثير غير مباشر. كما اتضح من التحليل الإحصائي أن النموذج المقترح يفسر حوالي 60% من التباين في رؤية المسار العملي لمجموعة الطلبة الذي حصل آبائهم على قسط عال من التعليم.
... As one of the significant personality traits, perfectionism has raised wide attention in influencing adolescents' health and has been shown to influence one's sleep quality [13][14][15]. Perfectionism is defined as a multidimensional personality trait characterized by setting excessively high standards for oneself and engaging in overblown self-criticism when those standards are not met [16]. Although the classification of multidimensional perfectionism varies [17,18], one study divided perfectionism into perfectionism striving and perfectionism concerning, which has received support from many scholars [19][20][21]. ...
Recent research suggested that mental toughness might play a mediating role in the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and sleep quality. This study sought to examine the associations between multidimensional perfectionism, mental toughness, and sleep quality in young Chinese athletes, with a particular focus on investigating the potential mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and sleep quality. A total of 208 Chinese athletes (129 females and 79 males) aged from 15 to 29 (Mage = 19.9, SD = 2.52) were included. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the potential mediating effect. The results revealed that perfectionism striving was not associated with sleep quality, whereas perfectionism concerning emerged as a negative predictor of sleep quality. Mental toughness could positively predict sleep quality. The mediation analysis demonstrated that mental toughness partially mediated the relationship between perfectionism concerning and sleep quality. This study revealed that perfectionism concerning can reduce sleep quality, and mental toughness played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perfectionism concerning and sleep quality among Chinese young athletes. These findings suggest that enhancing athletes’ mental toughness and reducing perfectionism concerning may be effective strategies for improving sleep quality.
... Marissa Wagner Oehlhof 1 , Debra A. Hoffmann 2 , and Robert A. Carels 2 • Trait Self-Objectification Questionnaire (TSOQ;Noll & Fredrickson, 1998) • Frost Perfectionism Scale(Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990) • Cronbach's α = .90 • Objectified Body Consciousness Scale -Control and Body Shame subscales(OBCS;McKinley & Hyde, 1996) • Cronbach's α (Control) = .74 ...
The present study sought to determine whether self-objectification is a subtype of or
is distinct from other personality traits (i.e., perfectionism). Similarly, as little
research exists on personality traits and body image, a secondary aim was to examine
psychosocial correlates of self-objectification and perfectionism.
... The Concern over Mistakes subscale from the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale [43] was used to measure a perfectionistic trait which has consistently been associated with greater eating disorder psychopathology [33]. Athletes responded to the nine items on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strong agree). ...
Background
Despite the high prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders amongst elite athletes, it remains unclear whether risk factors and psychological processes align with those in the general population or if there are unique sport-factors associated with heightened risk. This cross-sectional study investigated if sport-specific factors (including pressures and psychological processes) explained additional variance in elite athletes’ disordered eating symptoms, controlling for established population-general risk factors. Current elite athletes (N = 178, 72.4% female, mean age = 23.9, standard deviation age = 7.0) completed online surveys assessing disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, perfectionistic traits, population-general and sport-specific pressures, as well as general (thin-ideal, muscular-ideal) and athlete-specific (drive for leanness for performance, athletic identity) psychological processes.
Results
Disordered eating was highly prevalent, with 78.2% of athletes reporting at least moderate risk, 46.4% at least high risk, and 20.6% very high risk. Controlling for demographic covariates and population-general pressures, sport-specific pressures explained significant additional variance (13.5%) in disordered eating. Even when controlling for perfectionistic traits, greater weight pressures in sport (β = .35) was uniquely associated with greater disordered eating. In a separate multivariate analysis controlling for covariates and general psychological processes, athlete-specific psychologicalprocesses explained significant additional variance (15.5%) in disordered eating. Even when controlling for body dissatisfaction, greater drive for leanness for performance (β = .17) and athletic identity (β = .13) were uniquely associated with greater disordered eating.
Conclusions
These findings support evidence that elite athletes may experience dual pressures and psychological processes associated with disordered eating: those congruent with appearance-oriented models and others independent of appearance. This duality should be considered in the modification of interventions for disordered eating in elite athletes.
Key points
Disordered eating was highly prevalent in a sample of 178 elite adult athletes, with 78.2% reporting at least moderate risk for having related symptoms or behaviours.
Greater weightpressuresinsport was significantly associated with greater disordered eating, even when controlling for demographic covariates and population-general appearance-related pressures from family and the media.
Both appearance-based (drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction) and non-appearance (drive for leanness for performance, athletic identity) psychological processes were uniquely associated with greater disordered eating.
... Pada coping style internalize mereka cenderung banyak memiliki kekhawatiran yang berlebih, hal itu akan menyebabkan seseorang melakukan pekerjaan atau kegiatan dengan perfeksionis. Selaras dengan pernyataan Frost et al. (1990). Perfectionism merupakan standar kinerja yang tinggi dan kecenderungan untuk mengevaluasi terlalu kritis terhadap perilaku seseorang, seperti terlalu khawatir pada kesalahan yang besar maupun kecil. ...
Self-sabotage merupakan perilaku yang menghambat pencapaian tujuan seseorang yang disebabkan oleh trauma. Perilaku tersebut dapat mempengaruhi harga diri. Harga diri yang rendah dapat memicu self-sabotage sebagai mekanisme pertahanan diri. Pengasuhan mempengaruhi terbentuknya self-sabotage, terutama pada anak-anak yang mengalami trauma pengasuhan. Orang tua yang cenderung untuk melakukan pengasuhan dengan memaksa menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak matang secara emosional dan tidak memenuhi kebutuhan emosional anak, sehingga anak beradaptasi dengan kondisi ini dan membentuk sebuah coping style, yang terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu internalize dan externalize. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu peran coping style terhadap self-sabotage pada dewasa awal dengan orang tua yang tidak matang secara emosional. Karakteristik partisipan penelitian ini adalah dewasa awal dengan usia 18-40 tahun dengan orang tua yang tidak matang secara emosional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah partisipan adalah 205. Penelitian ini menggunakan Self-Sabotage Assesment yang dikembangkan oleh Yearwood 2023 dan coping style scale yang dikembangkan oleh Gibson 2015. Analisis data menggunakan teknik korelasi dan regresi linier sederhana, hasil nya menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif antara coping style dan self-sabotage (r= -0,462, p= 0,000 p<0,05) dan terdapat juga pengaruh anatara coping style dan self-sabotage (F=55,087, r²= 0,213, p=0,000 p < 0,05). Artinya, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara coping style dengan self-sabotage, kemudian terdapat juga peran coping style terhadap self-sabotage pada dewasa awal dengan orang tua yang tidak matang secara emosional dengan besar pengaruh sebesar 21,3%. Self-sabotage is a behavior that inhibits the achievement of a person's goals caused by trauma. Such behavior can affect self-esteem. Low self-esteem can trigger self-sabotage as a self-defense mechanism. Parenting influences the formation of self-sabotage, especially in children who experience parenting trauma. Parents who tend to do coercive parenting show that they are not emotionally mature and do not meet the child's emotional needs, so the child adapts to this condition and forms a coping style, which consists of two types, namely internalize and externalize. Therefore, this study aims to find out the role of coping style on self-sabotage in early adults with emotionally immature parents. The characteristics of the participants of this study are early adults aged 18-40 years with emotionally immature parents. The sampling technique is purposive sampling technique with the number of participants is 205. This study used the Self-Sabotage Assessment developed by Yearwood 2023 and the coping style scale developed by Gibson 2015. Data analysis using correlation and simple linear regression techniques, the results show that there is a negative relationship between coping style and self-sabotage (r = -0.462, p = 0.000 p < 0.05) and there is also an influence between coping style and self-sabotage (F = 55.087, r² = 0.213, p = 0.000 p < 0.05). That is, this study shows that there is a significant relationship between coping style and self-sabotage, then there is also a role of coping style on self-sabotage in early adults with emotionally immature parents with a large influence of 21.3%.
... Perfectionism is a personality trait characterized by the pursuit of flawlessness, aspiring for high-performance standards, being overly self-critical, and being concerned over others' evaluations [10,11]. Recent research has increasingly focused on understanding the role of perfectionism as an essential factor influencing interpersonal dynamics, sexual function, and overall sexual health [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. ...
Background
Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait that manifests itself through various aspects of life as well as sexuality. Yet, the specific nexus between perfectionism and women’s sexual experiences continues to remain unaddressed. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of sexual perfectionism, sexual function, and sexual performance anxiety (SPA) among Iranian married women of reproductive age in Gonabad, Iran.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gonabad City in 2021, involving 450 women of reproductive age. Stratified sampling was used to select public healthcare centers, and participants were chosen via simple random sampling. Data were collected online through platforms like WhatsApp and Telegram, using the Multidimensional Sexual Perfectionism Questionnaire (MSPQ), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Brief Sexual Performance Anxiety Scale (BSPAS). The validity and reliability of these instruments were confirmed through content validity assessments and Cronbach’s α. Hierarchical linear regression was performed using SPSS version 26, with the significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results
Linear regression analysis indicated that self-oriented sexual perfectionism was positively associated with all FSFI domains, including desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, total FSFI (p < 0.001), and pain (p < 0.01). Partner-oriented sexual perfectionism was positively associated with satisfaction (p < 0.05). In contrast, partner-prescribed sexual perfectionism was negatively associated with all domains of FSFI, including desire, pain (p < 0.05), arousal, lubrication, total FSFI (p < 0.001), orgasm, and satisfaction (p < 0.01). Socially-prescribed sexual perfectionism was positively associated with desire and negatively associated with pain (p < 0.05). In particular, only partner-prescribed and socially-prescribed sexual perfectionism were positively associated with SPA (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
The association found between dimensions of sexual perfectionism, sexual function, and SPA in Iranian women underscores the necessity for educational initiatives tailored to psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors, sexologists, and other healthcare practitioners. These programs would help to build a deeper insight into the origins of women’s sexual complaints and identify and manage them within the context of marital relationships.
... The FMPS is a validated 35-item multi-dimensional selfreport measure used to assess perfectionism [33,34]. Traditionally, the FMPS has been a 35-item measure with 6-subscales: concern over mistakes, personal standards, parental expectations, parental criticism, doubts about actions and organisation. ...
Perfectionism has been identified as a vulnerability and maintenance factor across eating disorders (EDs). Additionally, research has found that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) moderate the relationship between perfectionism and psychopathology. Despite this evidence, few studies have examined if these factors specifically moderate ED severity. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the moderating effect of IU and RNT on the relationship between perfectionism and ED symptoms, as well as the predictive power of these factors on identifying participants with clinically significant ED symptoms. 331 treatment-seeking adults from a university-affiliated community clinic and 264 undergraduate students completed measures to assess ED symptoms, RNT, perfectionism and IU. 147 participants (24.7% of the total sample) had clinically significant levels of ED symptoms as determined by the Eating Disorder Questionnaire Short-Form (EDE-QS). Multiple linear regressions found significant associations between ED symptoms and both the IU*perfectionism interaction (p < .001) and the RNT*perfectionism interaction (p < .001). A binary logistic regression identified that both the IU*perfectionism interaction (p = .03) and the RNT*perfectionism interaction (p = .001) predicted clinically significant EDE-QS scores. The findings indicate that both IU and RNT moderate the relationship between perfectionism and ED symptoms and build on previous literature recognising transdiagnostic contributors to ED symptomatology.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40337-024-01138-1.
... Perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings were measured using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) [27], subscales Concerns over Mistakes (FMPS-CM) and Personal standards (FMPS-PS). The FMPS-CM consists of nine items and the FMPS-PS of seven items. ...
Background
Procrastination is common among university students and associated with adverse outcomes such as physical and mental health problems. According to the Temporal motivation theory procrastination may vary over time depending on the temporal proximity to goals and deadlines.
Aims
To determine if mean procrastination levels among university students varies over an academic year, and if trajectories of procrastination are moderated by gender identity, perfectionistic strivings, and/or perfectionistic concerns.
Sample
Swedish university students (n = 1410).
Methods
The cohort was followed with web-surveys at four time-points over one academic year (Late semester, Mid semester, After semester, and Early semester). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean levels of self-rated procrastination at the different time-points.
Results
We found only small fluctuations in mean procrastination levels over the academic year. Participants with high perfectionistic concerns demonstrated higher mean procrastination levels at all time-points, but neither gender identity, perfectionistic concerns nor perfectionistic strivings affected the slope of the mean procrastination trajectories.
Conclusions
In this cohort of Swedish university students, self-rated procrastination levels were stable over the academic year. Perfectionistic concerns, but not gender identity or perfectionistic strivings, was associated with higher levels of procrastination.
... People with excellencism pursue high standards in an engaged and flexible manner. Such high standards have frequently been conceptualized and measured as a facet of perfectionism (e.g., Frost et al., 1990;Slaney et al., 2001). However, perfectionism has traditionally been portrayed in a way that involves the aiming and pursuing of standards that go above and beyond the high standards involved in excellencism (e.g., Egan et al., 2016;Hewitt et al., 2017;Smith et al., 2022). ...
The Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism (MEP) differentiates striving toward high and realistic standards from striving for perfectionistic standards. Two studies situated excellencism and perfectionism within the nomological network of the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model (PSDM). Study 1 (n=284) showed that excellencism and perfectionism were distinctively associated with loneliness, social goals, self-presentation strategies, and sacrificing social and community goals. Study 2 (n=396) replicated the associations with loneliness and showed higher frustration of the need for relatedness in perfection strivers than in excellence strivers. The results emphasized the importance of distinguishing between perfectionism and excellencism to understand their unique roles in psychological and social adjustment, with perfectionism leading to social disconnection and excellencism promoting healthier relationships.
... From a psychological perspective, previous research has suggested that personality traits such as perfectionism, sometimes through the form of self presentation, are linked to Orthorexia Nervosa as a psychological correlate (Barnes and Caltabiano, 2016;Myrissa et al., 2021). Perfectionism is classified by having a highly critical evaluation of oneself and setting extreme performance standards (Frost et al., 1990). Additionally trait perfectionism embodies a consistent, deep-seated meand of behaving, thinking and feeling. ...
Background: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a disorder characterized by an obsession with
healthy eating, and extreme preoccupation with food purity, which can lead to physical and mental health issues. ON is a complex disorder with no official diagnostic classification in the DSM-5 or ICD-10, making it difficult to estimate its prevalence and relationship with other disorders. This systematic review presents a focus on the prevalence rates, risk factors, and psychological correlates of ON in male populations, a demographic that has been underrepresented in existing research.
Method: The review synthesizes findings from ten studies, obtained from databases such as, PsycINFO, PsycExtra, Science Direct, Cochrane, and PubMed. Inclusion criteria contained quantitative studies, recruiting participants 16 years and older, published in English. Nonempirical studies, case studies and studies conducted before 1998 were excluded. Following quality assessment and full-text evaluation, 10 studies were included within the systematic review.
Results: Key risk factors identified include, muscularity concerns, and the use of social media platforms, particularly within LGBTQ+ communities. One psychological correlate,
perfectionism, was consistently associated with ON, and a strong association with Muscular Dysmorphic Disorder was identified as a comorbidity. The review underscores a need for standardized diagnostic tools tailored to male populations to better capture the complexity of ON.
Conclusions: Limitations within current research include the reliance on cross-sectional
studies, and the variability in diagnostic tools. The review calls for future research to focus on longitudinal studies, improved diagnostic measures, and the development of integrated treatment approaches that address the multifaceted nature of ON in men. Future research should also incorporate more LGBT+ populations into studies and explore the role of social media in ON development. This research contributes to a broader understanding of ON by filling a significant gap in the literature and highlights the importance of tailored clinical and public health interventions.
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı mükemmeliyetçilik konusunda Türkiye’de 2017-
2022 yılları arasında yapılan doktora tezlerinin betimlenmesi, mevcut durumun yo-
rumlanabilmesi ve öneriler getirilebilmesidir.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini mükemmeliyetçilik konusunda Türkiye’de 2017-
2022 yılları arasında yapılan doktora tezleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma
evreninde belirtilen tüm doktora tezlerine ulaşmak hedeflenmiş ve bu nedenle örnek-
leme yoluna gidilmemiştir. Bu durumda araştırmanın çalışma evrenini Yükseköğre-
tim Kurulu Tez Merkezi(YÖKTEZ) veri tabanında yer alan 7 doktora tezi oluştur-
maktadır.
Bulgular: Müzik öğretmeni adayları, genç yetişkinler, üniversiteli sporcular, geç-
mişte altyapı kategorilerinde lisanslı basketbol oynayan bireyler, psikiyatrik belirtileri
olan kişiler, fen ve anadolu liseleri 10. ve 11. Sınıfında okuyan öğrenciler ve üniver-
site öğrencileri gibi birçok farklı grup üzerine yapılmış 7 ayrı doktora tezinin bulgu-
larına yer verilmiştir.
Tartışma ve Sonuç: Literatür incelendiğinde; müzik öğretmeni adaylarının
mükemmeliyetçilikleri ile müzik performans kaygıları arasında çok düşük düzey-
de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Mükemmeliyetçiliğin
düşmesi genç yetişkinlerin duygusal zekâ ve bilinçli farkındalık düzeylerini artırabi-
leceği ve bu artışların da romantik ilişki doyumunu güçlendirebileceği belirlenmiştir.
Ayrıca mükemmeliyetçiliğin düşmesinin doğrudan da romantik ilişki doyumunu
güçlendirebileceği ortaya konmuştur. Üniversiteli sporcuların mükemmeliyetçilik
algılarının genel olarak olumlu olduğu görülmektedir. Üniversiteli sporcuların
mükemmeliyetçilik algılarının cinsiyete göre erkek sporcular lehine anlamlı fark-
lılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Geçmişte altyapı kategorilerinde lisanslı basketbol
oynayan bireylerin ortalamanın üzerinde mükemmeliyetçiliğe sahip oldukları ve
basketbol yaşantısını sürdürme biçimleri ile mükemmeliyetçilik arasında anlamlı
fark bulunmadığı ortaya konmuştur. Psikiyatrik belirtileri olan kişilerde belirsizliğe
tahammülsüzlük ve olumsuz mükemmeliyetçilik arttıkça deneyimsel kaçınmanın da
arttığı saptanmıştır. Fen ve anadolu liseleri 10. ve 11. Sınıfında okuyan öğrenciler-
de mükemmeliyetçiliğin alt boyutlarının akademik yönelimler üzerindeki etkisinde
başarı amaç yönelimi alt boyutlarının aracılık etkisinin olduğunu gözlemlenmiştir.
5.ULUSLARARASI POZİTİF PSİKOLOJİ KONGRESİ
63
Üniversite öğrencilerinde akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ve helikopter ebeveyn tutu-
mu ile okul tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkide akademik öz-yeterlik, azim ve akademik
yılmazlığın aracılık etkisi olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca akademik öz-yeterlik, azim
ve akademik yılmazlık yoluyla akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ve helikopter ebeveyn
tutumunun okul tükenmişliği üzerindeki boylamsal etkileri olduğu saptanmıştır. So-
nuçlar farklı gruplarda mükemmeliyetçiliğin çok fazla olumsuz etkisi olduğunu gös-
termekte olup önleyici bir hizmet sunmak adına, öncelikle ölçme araçları yardımıyla
toplumda mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri yüksek olan kişilerin tespit edilerek bu birey-
lerin pozitif psikoloji temelli bireysel psikolojik danışma, grup psikolojik danışması
veya psikoeğitim programlarına gönüllü katılımları için çalışmaların yapılması önem
arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmalar yardımıyla kişilerin mükemmeliyetçilik düzeylerini
azaltmak gelecekte oluşabilecek olası olumsuz etkilerin de azalmasını sağlayacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Mükemmeliyetçilik, Öğrenci, Genç Yetişkin, Müzik Öğret-
meni Adayı, Basketbolcu
Profesi Make Up Artist membutuhkan ketelitian yang seringkali mendorong sifat perfeksionis. Perfeksionisme dapat berdampak positif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan dan reputasi MUA, namun juga berpotensi menyebabkan stres dan gangguan tidur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perfeksionisme dan kualitas tidur para Make Up Artist (MUA) di Kota Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada partisipan yang memenuhi kriteria. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik snowball sampling. Sebanyak 237 partisipan Make Up Artist (MUA) bersedia mengisi kuesioner. Skala Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale dari Hewitt dan Flett digunakan untuk mengukur perfeksionisme, sedangkan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas tidur. Analisis Pearson Correlation menghasilkan r = 0.773 dan p 0.000 < 0.05. Hasil menunjukkan hubungan positif dan signifikan antara perfeksionisme dan kualitas tidur. Dengan kata lain, semakin tinggi perfeksionisme, semakin tinggi kualitas tidur. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam bidang psikologi klinis dan memberikan manfaat bagi Make up artist (MUA) dalam mengelola perfeksionisme dan meningkatkan kualitas tidur.
This study examined the serial mediation of perfectionistic self-presentation and problematic social media use in the relationship between attachment dimensions (i.e. anxiety and avoidance) and depression among adolescent girls. We hypothesized that attachment insecurities would predict higher levels of perfectionistic self-presentation, which in turn would predict increased problematic social media use, potentially contributing to elevated depressive symptoms. The study included 100 adolescent girls aged 11.4–16.6 years (M = 14.2, SD = 1.2) from a non-clinical population in Israel. Attachment, perfectionistic self-presentation, problematic social media use, and depressive symptoms were assessed through self-report instruments. The results confirmed the serial mediation hypotheses, revealing nuanced differences between the models for attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. These findings elucidate mechanisms by which insecure attachment is associated with depression in adolescent girls.
Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality characteristic associated with mental health problems. However, its features are commonly misunderstood, and many people are unaware of the risks it can pose. This study aimed to develop the first self-report measure of perfectionism literacy. That is, the degree of knowledge someone has about perfectionism, its features and consequences, and when and where to seek help if needed. The Perfectionism Literacy Questionnaire (PLQ) was validated over four stages using four samples of community adults (N = 1078 total; Mage = 37.17 years). In stage one, we generated a pool of items. In stage two, we used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to derive a 29-item, seven-factor measure. In stage three, we assessed relationships between the PLQ, perfectionism, and attitudes toward help-seeking for mental health support and found the PLQ is distinguishable from these constructs. In stage four, we examined whether the PLQ was responsive to change following an educational video on perfectionism. We found tentative evidence that minimal intervention can increase perfectionism literacy. Our findings suggest that the PLQ is valid and reliable and may be useful for educational purposes and primary prevention of mental health problems.
Although nascent research has begun to examine the consequences of perfectionism in organizations, the understanding of whether perfectionism may incur ethical costs in the workplace remains limited. This paper enhances knowledge about the potential ethical consequences of perfectionism by focusing on an important yet previously ignored behavior—workplace cheating. Across two multi-wave, multi-industry survey studies and a preregistered experiment (Ntotal = 1005), the results show that the relationship between employee perfectionism and workplace cheating depends on the dimension of perfectionism. We find that employees with a high level of perfectionistic concerns (as opposed to perfectionistic strivings) may cheat in the workplace due to elevated fear of performance failure. In addition, supervisor bottom-line mentality exacerbates concern perfectionists’ fear of performance failure, leading to more cheating. Our findings hold even when several alternative explanations are accounted for, suggesting the robustness of our results. Theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
A sports culture that emphasizes normative success, as evident in a performance motivational climate, may encourage athletes to use prohibited performance‐enhancing substances. Athletes with perfectionistic tendencies are believed to be particularly tempted to doping when finding themselves in such sporting environments. In this study, we examined whether perceived motivational climate was related to doping temptation directly and indirectly via doping attitudes and whether perfectionism moderated this indirect relationship. The sample comprised 420 adolescent athletes aged 16–18 years (mean age = 16.94 and standard deviation = 0.81) recruited from five Norwegian sport academy high schools. Regression analysis revealed that athletes' perceptions of a performance climate were positively related to their temptation to dope both directly and indirectly via doping attitudes, and that this indirect relationship was stronger among athletes who were moderate or high in their perfectionistic concerns. No direct or indirect relationships were found between mastery climate and doping temptation, nor did perfectionistic strivings moderate the indirect relationship between mastery climate and doping temptation via doping attitudes. Taken together, our findings suggest that athletes who perceive their sport environment as performance‐oriented and believe that the benefits of using prohibited substances outweigh the drawbacks are more tempted to dope. Moreover, this tendency is particularly notable among athletes who are moderately or strongly concerned about making mistakes (i.e., have perfectionistic concerns).
Introduction
Identifying factors that contribute to the development of suicidal ideation (SI) is crucial for prevention and treatment. Perfectionistic Concerns (PC) represent the experience of external pressure to be perfect and have been consistently linked to SI, but it is unclear how PC and SI are associated in depressed adults. This study examined the association between PC and SI and whether self-esteem, loneliness and rumination (brooding, reflection and depression-related rumination) moderated this association in a clinical sample.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used a psychiatric outpatient sample of depressed adults, selected for the presence of SI. In total 110 adults (mean age 33.54 (SD = 12.03) and 60% female) participated in this study. Associations were estimated by regression analyses.
Results
PC was not associated with SI in the sample (r = .16, p = .087). However, high levels of PC in combination with low self-esteem (β = -.29, p = .007) or with high levels of depression-related rumination (β = .22, p = .017) were positively associated with SI. Loneliness, brooding and reflection did not moderate the PC-SI relationship.
Discussion
These findings underline the importance of taking into account the individual characteristics in depressed, perfectionistic individuals when estimating SI severity and selecting the focus of intervention. Due to the cross-sectional design no causal inferences can be made.
W pracy badałam wybrane uwarunkowania sukcesów akademickich. W tym celu porównałam grupę studentów, którzy uzyskali tytuł laureata lub finalisty olimpiady przedmiotowej/otrzymali stypendia naukowe/wyróżnili się wysoką średnią ocen z grupą kontrolną. Uwzględniłam zmienne takie jak perfekcjonizm adaptacyjny i dezadaptacyjny oraz motywację osiągnięć. Do ich pomiaru wykorzystałam Polski Kwestionariusz perfekcjonizmu adaptacyjnego i dezadaptacyjnego (KPAD) Szczuckiej (2010) oraz Kwestionariusz celów związanych z osiągnięciami (KCO) Wojdyły i Retowskiego (2012). W badaniu wzięło udział 95 osób powyżej 18. roku życia (M=20,94, SD=1,821). Analizy wykazały istotne różnice pomiędzy grupami jedynie pod względem perfekcjonizmu adaptacyjnego, który zgodnie z założeniami był wyższy u respondentów z sukcesami. W przypadku wymiarów motywacji osiągnięć związanych z dążeniem można mówić o istnieniu pewnych tendencji – średnie były nieznacznie wyższe u studentów z dokonaniami naukowymi.
W pracy badałam wybrane uwarunkowania sukcesów akademickich. W tym celu porównałam grupę studentów, którzy uzyskali tytuł laureata lub finalisty olimpiady przedmiotowej/otrzymali stypendia naukowe/wyróżnili się wysoką średnią ocen z grupą kontrolną. Uwzględniłam zmienne takie jak perfekcjonizm adaptacyjny i dezadaptacyjny oraz motywację osiągnięć. Do ich pomiaru wykorzystałam Polski Kwestionariusz perfekcjonizmu adaptacyjnego i dezadaptacyjnego (KPAD) Szczuckiej (2010) oraz Kwestionariusz celów związanych z osiągnięciami (KCO) Wojdyły i Retowskiego (2012). W badaniu wzięło udział 95 osób powyżej 18. roku życia (M=20,94, SD=1,821). Analizy wykazały istotne różnice pomiędzy grupami jedynie pod względem perfekcjonizmu adaptacyjnego, który zgodnie z założeniami był wyższy u respondentów z sukcesami. W przypadku wymiarów motywacji osiągnięć związanych z dążeniem można mówić o istnieniu pewnych tendencji – średnie były nieznacznie wyższe u studentów z dokonaniami naukowymi.
Słowa kluczowe: perfekcjonizm adaptacyjny i dezadaptacyjny, motywacja osiągnięć, sukcesy akademickie
Mükemmeliyetçilik genel olarak, kişinin performanslarında aşırı yüksek standartlar
belirlemesi olarak tanımlanır. Gerçekçi olmayan aşırı derecede yüksek standartlar
belirlemek, başarılarından tatmin olamamak, başarısızlık korkusu ile erteleme
davranışında bulunmak mükemmeliyetçiliğin olumsuz boyutunu oluşturur.
Ulaşılabilecek derecede yüksek standartlar belirlemek, esnek davranabilmek,
başarılarından memnun olmak ve başarısızlık sonucunda yıkılmamak olumlu
mükemmeliyetçilik boyutunda yer alan davranışlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı
öğrencilerin olumlu ve olumsuz mükemmeliyetçilik özellikleri ile akademik başarıları
arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Araştırma grubu Trabzon’daki 19 farklı ilköğretim
okulunda öğrenim görmekte olan 1100 ilköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencisinden
(kız=571, erkek=529) oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada Kırdök (2004) tarafından
geliştirilen Olumlu ve Olumsuz Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin
analizi sonucunda, öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ile olumlu mükemmeliyetçilikleri
arasında pozitif yönde (r=.14, p<.01), olumsuz mükemmeliyetçilikleri ile negatif
yönde (r=-.15, p<.01) anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur.
Biases in information gathering are common in the general population and can reach pathological extremes in paralysing indecisiveness, as in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we adopt a new perspective on information gathering and demonstrate an information integration bias where most recent information is over-weighted by means of evidence strength updates (ΔES). In a large, crowd-sourced sample (N=5,237), we find reduced ΔES-weighting drives indecisiveness along an OC spectrum. We replicate the attenuated ΔES-weighting in a second lab-based study (N=105) that includes a transdiagnostic OC spectrum encompassing OCD and generalised anxiety patients. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we trace ΔES signals to a late neural signal peaking around 920 ms. Critically, OC participants show an attenuated neural ΔES signal in medio-frontal areas while other decision-relevant processes remain intact. Our findings establish biased information-weighting as a key driver of information gathering, where attenuated ΔES can lead to indecisiveness across an OC spectrum.
Bu çalışma ortaokul öğrencilerinin mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri ile yazma kaygıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda yapılan araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeline uygun tasarlanmıştır. Trabzon ili Ortahisar ilçesinde bulunan 5 farklı ortaokuldan seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemlerinden basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 298'i kız, 292'si erkek olmak üzere toplam 590 ortaokul öğrencisi araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların 146'sı 5. (%24,7), 142'si 6. (24,1), 148'i 7. (%25,1), 154'ü 8. (%26,1) sınıf öğrencisidir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu, Olumlu ve Olumsuz Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği ve Yazma Kaygısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler çoklu regresyon, korelasyon, bağımsız örneklem t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucu olumlu mükemmeliyetçilik ile olumsuz mükemmeliyetçiliğin yazma kaygısının önemli yordayıcıları olduğu, olumlu mükemmeliyetçilik ile yazma kaygısı arasında negatif yönlü düşük düzeyde, olumsuz mükemmeliyetçilik ile yazma kaygısı arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Yani ortaokul öğrencilerinin olumlu mükemmeliyetçilik özellikleri arttıkça buna bağlı olarak yazma kaygıları azalmakta, olumsuz mükemmeliyetçilik özellikleri arttıkça yazma kaygısı da artmaktadır. Buna göre mükemmeliyetçiliğin tek boyutlu olarak düşünülmemesi gerektiği, sağlıksız ve olumsuz yönlerinin yanında birey için sağlıklı ve olumlu yönlerinin de bulunduğu söylenilebilir. Yazma kaygısının diğer yordayıcılarına bakıldığında öğrencilerin yazma kaygılarında sınıf düzeyine göre istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir fark görülürken cinsiyet ve aile gelirine göre anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Mükemmeliyetçilik, yazma becerisi, yazma kaygısı.
Transdiagnostic models conceive mental disorders as a result of difficulties in using coping strategies. Personality dispositions such as perfectionism, self-criticism and cognitive mechanisms of emotional regulation such as rumination have been the subject of research due to their clinical implications. The present study aims to investigate the clinical relevance of the relationship between the profiles of perfectionism, self-criticism and rumination. The sample is made up of 200 Psychology majors (83.5% women and 16.5% men) between 21 and 61 years of age. An exploratory, non-experimental, cross-sectional, differences between groups and explanatory design was used. There are different profiles of perfectionists: adaptive, maladaptive and non-perfectionist. One-way ANOVA parametric test was used for statistical analysis. The results indicate that adaptive perfectionists have the lowest mean scores on the values ?? of self criticism, psychological distress and rumination, followed by the group of non perfectionists, while the group of maladaptive perfectionists (23.5% of the sample) has the highest scores. high in these variables. In conclusion, the discrepancy perceived in maladaptive perfectionists triggers a hypercritical and dichotomous self evaluation of the self, which increases the perceived psychological discomfort. Likewise, the coping response to this discomfort is rumination, a maladaptive cognitive mechanism of emotional regulation that, in addition to being ineffective, maintains and amplifies psychological discomfort.
Perfectionism is a personality trait characterized by the setting of high standards for ones performance, the search for excellence, a critical self-assessment and the fear of making mistakes. It may be an adaptive or maladaptive trait, and so it may become a vulnerability and/or maintaining factor for various disorders and psychological problems such as the burnout syndrome. This syndrome is caused by the exposure to chronic stress in the context of work, that leads to emotional exhaustion, apathy, and insatisfaction with work-related achievement.The aim of this study was to study the perfectionist personality in a simple of 489 Argentine therapists and its relationship with the burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several instruments were adminisered: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Almost Perfect Scale Revised (APS-R) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS).
Perfectionism includes various dimensions focused on different planes of psychological functioning, with both positive and negative elements that influence adaptation to the pursuit of achievement and personal satisfaction with efforts and their attainment. We examined participants’ levels of perfectionism and the relationship between perfectionism and anxiety in young athletes, and we described the mediating factor of self-confidence as a determinant of sport performance. We utilized a non-experimental, descriptive, and transversal research design. A total of 263 Spanish young athletes (M age = 15.79 years; SD = 1.07) who belonged to different sports clubs and engaged in different sports completed the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) and the Competitive Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R). Our results confirmed our belief that self-confidence was a protective factor for diminishing the negative relationships between perfectionism, anxiety, and sport performance. Regarding the predictive power of these variables, the construction of exaggerated achievement expectations (or personal standards) by combining functional and dysfunctional resources was reflected in cognitive anxiety (dysfunctional) and was mediated by self-confidence (functional). Application of these elements into training via well planned communication may allow coaches to enhance young athletes’ resources for mental and behavioral adjustment toward their sporting goal. In addition, this training approach may underscore athletes’ self-perceived competence and enhance their self-confidence.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.