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The Press and Foreign Policy.
... The influential role of the media in shaping public opinion has been recognized by scholars for many years. Cohen (1963) writes that the press "may not be successful much of the time in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling readers what to think about" (p. 13). ...
... Building on the insights of Cohen (1963) and McQuail (1994), it becomes evident that the ways in which the media portray topics can have an impact on how audiences perceive them, and in some cases, whether they perceive them at all. ...
The topic of AI art rose in popularity in 2022, reaching an all-time high in Google searches in December 2022. While numerous articles have been published on AI art and its developments, no academic research has been done on the AI art media discourse so far. This master's thesis contributes to filling this research gap by investigating the media framing of AI art in the year 2022. Through a qualitative analysis of 100 articles published online, 11 issue-specific frames present in the AI art media discourse were identified. The thesis's implications extend beyond academia to art institutions and tech companies and provide insights into the ways in which the media portray AI-generated art.
... Written press is defined as a utility that provides to public opinion more immediate events in a short and regular series (Cappella & Jamieson, 1997). It is also known as a social process for the dissemination of news and information to the public readers through print media like newspapers and magazines to achieve certain goals (Cohen, 2015). ...
... However, the dimension of written press (β = 0. 305, p > 0.05) shows that the dimension is insignificant and does not influence the dependent variable of the consumer awareness. This was mainly due to what has been confirmed by many researchers, such as Cappella and Jamieson (1997), Maras (2013), Radhi (2013), Cohen (2015), Reianu (2015), and Shabiba (2016) that the majority of the written press in many developing countries, especially the Arabian Gulf countries, are interested in areas of policy and the economy and entertainment more than the social areas, which are represented with protecting and sensitizing the societies toward many of the issues relating to the health and psychological aspects. In addition, there is a low percentage of readers of the written press in those countries (Radhi, 2013). ...
Abstract: Consumer awareness of the many important issues in daily life is one of the most important priorities, and this awareness liberates society from many of these problems, thereby making society sophisticated and civilized. However, many societies, especially in developing countries, are experiencing problems in
sensitizing consumers about many of the necessary everyday products, especially the manufactured food products that have become one of the basic ingredients of the meals on the table every
day. Given the importance of the foregoing, the current study tried to investigate the important social issue, which is represented in the role that can be played by social media in consumer awareness toward manufactured food products in terms of health risks that can result due to the consumption of these products due to non-awareness of the dangers. To achieve this end, the quantitative method for data collection in the framework of the case study was chosen. This has been through the use of a questionnaire survey that has already been tested. The sample of the study was 351 respondents selected based on a stratified sampling technique. The criteria for choosing the respondents to be part of the study were based on the full-time employees of the organization. The results of the study revealed that modern social media have a greater role than traditional social media in consumer awareness toward manufactured food products. The study concludes with future directions for researchers interested in the area.
... Mientras que el primer nivel de análisis constata la premisa según la cual los medios tienen poder al decirnos sobre qué pensar (Cohen, 1963), el segundo nivel de análisis sugiere que los medios no sólo indican sobre qué pensar sino, además, cómo pensar acerca de dichos objetos. El tercer nivel, por su parte, evidencia las conexiones en red entre los diferentes elementos que habitan las tres agendas analizadas; es una forma de configuración de estructuras en red, con diferentes elementos, que se centran en las conexiones que tienen los mensajes entre ellos (Aruguete, 2015;Guo y McCombs, 2016;Wanta y Alkazemi, 2017). ...
... En su clásico libro Setting the agenda, McCombs (2004) plantea que las noticias tienen tono y drama. Es decir que los medios, lejos de reflejar una realidad que los excede, crean dicha realidad, tanto desde los mapas cognitivos que proponen para rastrear el entorno (Cohen, 1963) como desde la valencia que dan a los eventos así como a sus principales protagonistas. La jerarquía temática, los protagonistas asociados a esos asuntos y el tono de las noticias que narran las tres elecciones estudiadas nos permiten observar una serie de denominadores comunes y, al mismo tiempo, singularidades que dan cuenta de la cultura política en la que se inscriben las agendas mediática y pública de Ecuador, España y Argentina. ...
Las campañas electorales, afirma Maxwell McCombs (2004), son “laboratorios naturales” para analizar cuán cerca o cuán lejos se encuentran las propuestas programáticas de los partidos políticos, los asuntos tematizados mediáticamente y las preocupaciones que los públicos expresan en el ágora. Este artículo aporta un análisis comparativo en dos sentidos. Por un lado, sistematizamos las similitudes y diferencias existentes en las coberturas mediáticas de tres campañas de elecciones generales (Ecuador 2021, España 2019 y Argentina 2019), en base a indicadores relativos a la “agenda de temas” y la “agenda de atributos” (1° y 2° nivel de agenda setting). Por otro lado, exploramos las asociaciones existentes entre los temas destacados en las agendas mediáticas y públicas, en el marco de estas tres campañas electorales. Entre los resultados a los que arribamos, se destaca, en primer lugar, la disociación entre las principales preocupaciones expresadas por la opinión pública y los temas más destacados en los medios de referencia de los tres países, de tal manera que los medios (agenda mediática) ofrecen más visibilidad a los temas de conflicto político que a los temas de preocupación ciudadana (agenda pública). En segundo lugar, las agendas de los medios analizados a través de un análisis de contenido de los diarios El Comercio de Ecuador, El País de España y Clarín de Argentina se asemejan respecto de los temas menos experienciales [unobstrusive] (Zucker, 1978), tales como la corrupción o la actividad política, y se distinguen claramente en aquellos asuntos que encarnan los conflictos políticos y sociales propios de estos países.
... B. dem "anwaltschaftlichen Journalismus" (Altmeppen, 2016) oder dem "feministischen Journalismus" (Horak, 2008) ist das Verhältnis von Aktivismus und Journalismus als Counterparts unzureichend beschrieben. Gemäß der Basisunterscheidung in "neutrale" und "partizipative" journalistische Rollen nach Cohen (1963) entstanden Journalismen, die neben Beobachtung und Diagnose interventionistische Orientierungen aufweisen. Sie eint, dass sie sich als Korrektiv zu den von "objektiver Berichterstattung" produzierten Defiziten positionieren (Meier, 2019, S. 106) -sei es in Opposition zu Formen des ‚Verlautbarungsjournalismus', der Recherchetiefe und Kritik vermissen lässt; sei es in Opposition zu Mechanismen der Nachrichtenselektion, die strukturelle Problemlagen unzulänglich wahrnehmen; oder seien es repräsentationale Lücken, verursacht durch Elitenzentrierung oder fehlende Diversität des journalistischen Personals selbst. ...
Diskursive Selbstermächtigung, die Sichtbarkeit politischer Haltungen sowie ein auf gesellschaftliche Transformation zielendes Engagement sind selbstverständlicher Bestandteil von Kommunikation in sozialen Medien. Das gilt auch für jene journalistischen Akteur:innen, die neben oder innerhalb ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit für Gleichberechtigung und soziale Gerechtigkeit eintreten. Diskutiert werden Ergebnisse aus qualitativ-medienethnografischen Fallstudien zu Grenzgänger:innen, die feministisch orientiert in Journalismus und/oder Aktivismus aktiv sind. Erkenntnisleitend ist der boundary work-Ansatz, der hier in einem vergleichenden Design umgesetzt wird und damit die Perspektiven von Journalist:innen und Aktivist:innen im Wechselverhältnis zueinander untersucht. Ergänzend zur diskursiven Grenzarbeit (normatives Soll/role orientation) wurde zudem die faktische Positionierung der Akteur:innen in ihren professionellen Feldern durch Analyse ihrer Medien-Aktivitäten untersucht (praktisches Ist/role performance). Im Gruppenvergleich zeigen sich tendenziell gegenläufige und in dieser Weise nicht erwartete Formen der Grenzarbeit: Während die Aktivist:innen für eine komplementäre Kooperation eigenständiger, klar getrennter Tätigkeitsbereiche argumentieren, rechtfertigen die (feministischen) Journalist:innen deren Hybridisierung als systematische und notwendige Entwicklung auf dem Weg zu mehr Gerechtigkeit. Legimitiert wird diese Hybridisierung mit der (neuen) Norm einer transparenten, evidenzbasierten Parteilichkeit. Ergänzend werden Ideale eines Community-nahen Journalismus mit hoher persönlicher Nahbarkeit artikuliert. Auf der Ebene praktischer Performanz zeigen die Aktivist:innen, gegenläufig zur verbalen Abgrenzung, formal und stilistisch jedoch Anpassungen an journalistische Praktiken, während die Journalist:innen die favorisierte Hybridität in unterschiedlichem Maße ausleben (können). Das Konzept boundary work wird fruchtbar gemacht für die praxeologisch fundierte Analyse fortlaufender Grenzbestimmungen zwischen professionellem Journalismus und anderen Formen öffentlicher Kommunikation, die insbesondere in digitalen Medienumgebungen eine Herausforderung darstellen. Die relationale Untersuchungsperspektive erlaubt eine nuancierte und dynamische Betrachtung von Grenzveränderungen, die über die dichotome Unterscheidung von Journalismus und Nicht-Journalismus hinausweist.
... News shapes our daily decisions through headlines and themes (Cockerill, 2003). Rather than dictating thoughts, media guides which issues deserve attention (Cohen, 1963;Ader, 1995), allowing reporters and editors to shape perspectives and policy decisions. Forests, as vital ecosystems and valuable resources are at the heart of numerous environmental and socio-economic debates. ...
This study investigates how Turkish newspapers frame forest-related issues through a critical discourse analysis of articles published in Cumhuriyet, Posta, and Sabah between 2010 and 2021. Utilizing Teun A. van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis approach, the articles were categorized into four main themes: deforestation, forest fires, afforestation, and other forestry issues. Selected articles from each newspaper on these themes were analyzed. Findings reveal significant editorial differences; Cumhuriyet adopted a critical stance, highlighting governmental inadequacies, while Sabah employed supportive narratives portraying government efforts as effective. Posta aligned somewhat with the government by avoiding criticism and emphasizing neutral causes like global warming. The analysis underscores discrepancies in thematic structures, background context, and source selection, influenced by each newspaper’s ideological alignment. Additionally, the crisis-oriented discourse prevalent across themes accentuated forest fires and their consequences. The study concludes that ideological orientations significantly shape media portrayals of forestry issues, influencing public perception and policy dialogue. Enhancing environmental journalism and fostering collaboration between media and forestry experts are recommended to improve public understanding of forest management challenges.
... Conceptualising of media coverage is mostly done in terms of the agenda setting theory and issue framing. In the words of Cohen (1963), the media -may not be successful in telling their readers what to think, but are stunningly successful in telling their readers what to think aboutǁ. People get information on what is happening around them through the news media. ...
This book is a collection of select research papers presented online, in a National Conference
Montage-21, held by the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Faculty of
Media Studies and Humanities in Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and
Studies, Faridabad. These papers were selected for publication after a close consideration on
the ideas and research presented here. These contributors from different universities across
the country gave consent to update in this format.
... Sartori (2005), plantea que "cuando es así, estamos ante un público engañado y enjaulado, y por lo tanto estamos ante una opinión en el público que no es en absoluto del público" (p.85). Al tiempo que, en palabras de Cohen (1963), "la prensa no tiene mucho éxito en decir a la gente qué tiene que pensar, pero sí lo tiene en decir a sus lectores sobre qué tienen que pensar" (p.13). ...
El propósito del estudio es analizar el cubrimiento informativo del Posacuerdo colombiano en los medios regionales en el contexto multimedial. Metodológicamente la investigación se aborda desde el paradigma cualitativo con enfoque analítico-hermenéutico; se involucran 20 informantes clave, entre periodistas y directivos de la región, a través de Grupo Focal, mediante entrevista con preguntas abiertas para recolectar los datos; el análisis interpretativo se realizó con la ayuda del software ATLAS/ti. Los resultados indican que la prensa regional ha sido presionada por los usuarios para que reconfigure sus agendas informativas, porque expresan más interés por temas de actualidad y tendencia en redes sociales, motivo por el cual los medios presentan una escasa participación en las noticias referente al posacuerdo. Se concluye, que los medios están en la obligación de comunicar los avances de esta temática, aun cuando los usuarios estén cansados de la violencia y rechacen estas noticias al relacionar las Farc con el narcotráfico y el Gobierno Nacional con la corrupción. Ante esta situación se invita a la comunidad científica a desarrollar proyectos académicos y líneas de investigación que le expresen a la prensa regional la necesidad de agendar noticias significativas, contextualizadas, trascendentes e incluyentes como el Posacuerdo colombiano.
... The theory posits that media shapes public views by drawing attention to topics, determining which subjects are essential, and ultimately influencing the public agenda (McCombs & Shaw, 1972). While the media, especially the mass media, is not always successful in telling us what to think, it is extremely good at defining what we should think about (Cohen, 1963;McCombs & Shaw, 1972). The media shapes the public agenda by identifying specific issues and deciding which ones are significant enough to be addressed (McCombs, 1997). ...
Agricultural issues are the topics that attract public attention and impact the sector. This study investigated the salient agricultural issues and perceptions on those issues among Ohio residents. The study employed agenda setting theory to understand how media shapes public perceptions of agricultural issues in Ohio. A quantitative method was used, and a survey instrument was developed after an environmental scan of selected sources to identify five issue categories. From the responses of 515 Ohio residents, the findings suggest that environmental issues, particularly water quality, were the most important among participants. Food quality followed, focusing on aspects like safety, quality, and sustainability. Climate change, animal welfare, and government policy ranked third, fourth, and fifth in importance, respectively. Participants presented a moderate level of awareness about climate change, with a greater emphasis on the conservation of public lands and forest management. In terms of government policy, the recognition of the need to balance economic and environmental interests was observed with a desire for farmland preservation. Additionally, participants perceived food as expensive, with moderate in quality and healthiness. While perceptions of climate change issues were moderate, they acknowledged that the role of human behavior in environment management is paramount. Participants' perception of livestock treatment indicated their concerns for animal welfare. The perceptions toward government policies reflect the recognition of the economic importance of the agricultural sector, yet there is apparent dissatisfaction at the same time. These findings served as a foundation for targeted interventions, stakeholder collaborations, and policy enhancements in addressing agricultural issues.
... Instead, journalists have traditionally relied on 'professional standards' to define their work, such as the need to report the facts objectively, autonomously and ethically (Deuze, 2005). Cohen's (1963) seminal research defined different journalistic roles that shared a similar meaning under different names: 'watchdog of democracy', "service providers" (Mellado, 2015) or "interventionists and power challengers" (Hanitzsch, 2007). ...
Las formas en las que el periodismo y las redes sociales se relacionan se han vuelto cada vez más complejas. En este contexto, destaca un fenómeno que ha auspiciado la participación de los usuarios en el debate público: la retransmisión en directo de contenidos informativos por parte de actores periféricos en Twitch. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de contenido el lenguaje, formato y estructura de cuatro streamers en Twitch y medir la calidad, las similitudes y las diferencias en función de si intervienen periodistas profesionales o no. Las cuentas de Twitch analizadas muestran diferencias formales y de enfoque entre los periodistas y los actores periféricos. Sin embargo, es posible identificar un cierto grado de continuismo entre ambos. Asimismo, las características propias de la plataforma, así como sus códigos y lenguajes, condicionan la actividad periodística, promueven la participación del público y la dotan de un carácter más informal, en ocasiones, incumpliendo los criterios de calidad en la labor informativa.
... The agenda-setting theory relevant to this study was originally attributed to Walter Lippmann (1922) and Benard Cohen (1963). However, it was made popular by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw in 1972. ...
Background: The Catholic Church has communication in its Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). Communication is its life, as it directs how to propagate belief and make sense of the world around it. Hence, the Church also communicates like every human society that desires growth and life.
... Since Israeli heavy media consumers chose to be exposed to and, over a relatively long interval, were able to recall such narratives from the large variety of media stories, we may assume that such media stories are easily adapted to their social, political, and cultural preconceptions. In other words, the audience is likely to selectively perceive and expose themselves to information that aligns with their pre-existing beliefs and values (Cohen, 1963). In this way, media consumers become the last circle of gatekeepers, making the final media content selection after the politicians and journalists (Alasuutari et al., 2013) by choosing, remembering, and identifying with the events and narratives, and then relating them to their own experience. ...
The current study reveals the mechanisms used by both media and news consumers for domesticating distant threatening events. To this end, the study applies thematic analysis to textual and visual content presented in media items (Study 1) and media content reception from the perspective of news consumers (Study 2). Study 1 sample included 209 Israeli media items in Hebrew, covering asylum seekers in Europe from 2014 to 2019. Study 2 is based on semi-structured interviews with 30 Jewish Israeli heavy news consumers. The study was inspired by framing, priming, and media reception theories. The findings revealed the following threat domestication processes: (1) double selection of threatening narratives by media gatekeepers and the audience; (2) simplification of the media narratives to basic “good vs. bad” stories for easy comprehension and extension by news consumers; (3) creation and reception of both immediate threat (violence and crime) and deferred threat (deterministic processes); and (4) generation of a wide range of emotions and emotional processing through double victimhood. The audience actively adds to the domestication of the content through extended hegemonic and negotiated readings, thus finally shaping the framing so that it comes closer to the local contexts and communicates with the consumers’ lives and perceptions.
... Scholarship on public opinion suggests that the mass public does not maintain consistent opinions (Campbell et al., 1960;Converse, 1964) and instead relies on informational cues (Sniderman et al., 1991) and trusted elites (Iyengar & Kinder, 1987;Larson, 2000). The media, in turn, transmits the rhetoric and messages of political elites to the public who then react accordingly (Cohen, 1963). ...
Political science research has assessed how racial attitudes influence political behavior. However, less is known about the political effects of anti-Asian views, even as anti-Asian sentiment resurfaced during the pandemic. We theorize that the linkage of COVID-19 to Asian Americans by political elites activated anti-Asian animosity and shaped vote choice during the 2020 election. Using cross-sectional over time and panel data from the American National Election Studies, we find that holding more anti-Asian attitudes was not associated with Republican vote choice between 2008–2016, including when Donald Trump first ran. However, anti-Asian views became strongly related to voting for Trump in 2020. Further panel analysis demonstrates evidence that anti-Asian views measured prior in 2016 increased the likelihood of vote switching to the Republican Party in 2020. We conclude by discussing the potentially persisting political effects of anti-Asian attitudes in an environment continuously characterized by anti-Asian hate and especially during future election cycles that may feature increasingly diverse candidates of Asian heritage, running for elective office across various levels of government—including for the presidency. This study contributes to research on how and when racial attitudes influence political behavior and suggests, again, the centrality of race and ethnicity in American Politics.
... Es decir, los medios marcan la agenda, los temas relevantes, y también el enfoque sobre dichos temas. Parafraseando el famoso axioma de Bernard Cohen (1963), los medios le dicen al público sobre qué pensar y también qué pensar. ...
Este capítulo analiza las características de la comunicación generada a través de Internet. Inicialmente se explican los vectores de cambio producidos por la digitalización, para después centrarse en los orígenes de Internet y su funcionamiento, que en buena medida continúan predeterminando la naturaleza de su comunicación. Se observa la evolución de Internet vinculada con el desarrollo de las características de dicha comunicación: disociación del soporte: hipertextualidad; ruptura de las limitaciones espaciotemporales; carácter multimedia; e interactividad. Todo ello configura un modelo de comunicación claramente diferenciado, y en algunos aspectos contrapuesto, del modelo tradicional de comunicación de masas.
... The body of work ventures into the redefinition of "church" in a digital age, suggesting that digital platforms could enhance religious engagement and community while presenting both challenges and opportunities for online worship and ecclesiological considerations. Abstracting from the language of the agenda-setting theorist Cohen (1963), although loyalty to current digital tools might not tell us how to think, it frames our minds on what to think about. Thinking in the light of current available tools limits a robust intellectual inquiry and creativity. ...
The rapid evolution of digital media technologies presents unique opportunities and challenges for the Church's engagement within the modern digital landscape. This paper examines the Church's integration with digital technology, categorizing existing literature into five main areas: effective use of technology; observational or exploratory studies on technology usage, theories of the practice; theories of the science and the art; and innovation in technology. Highlighting the scholarly discourse surrounding the Church's use of digital media technologies, this analysis underscores the necessity for a strategic approach tailored to the Church's specific needs. It argues that transitioning from tool dependency to innovation is the surest way to advance our place and relevance as a Church in the digital ecosystem. Also, the author advocates for the development of innovative technologies, including a bespoke social media platform designed to support the Church and its members' ritual experiences without compromising privacy or exploiting emotions. The paper questions the potential for technology that respects the profound impact of religion on individuals' hearts and souls, cautioning against data harvesting and mining practices that undercut the Church's values. By shifting from reliance on generic tools to promoting innovation, the paper argues for enhancing the Church's relevance in the digital ecosystem, thereby enriching religious experiences amid the complexities of modern technology.
... Schumpeter (1942) hangsúlyozza, hogy a választói preferenciák mindig az adott pillanatban léteznek: "...a fogyasztók cipők iránti vágyát részben a vonzó lábbeliket kínáló, és azokért kampányoló gyártók tevékenysége alakította ki, mégis, minden adott időpontban ez egy valódi igény, amelynek meghatározottsága túlmutat az általános cipőkön" (Schumpeter, 1942, p. 258). A napirendelméletet (agenda-setting theory) Cohen (1963), illetve McCombs és Show (1972) munkássága alapozta meg, amiben a tömegmédia által a nyilvánosságban felmerülő ügyek választókra gyakorolt hatását vizsgálták. Scheufele (2000) rámutat arra, hogy a terület olyan kulcsfogalmainak használata, mint a napirend-befolyásolás (agenda-building), a priming (témák fontosságának észlelése) és a framing (nyelvi keretezés), nem elég következetes, ezért teoretikus munkájára támaszkodva a következőkben bemutatjuk az általunk alkalmazott meghatározásokat. ...
A tanulmány a politikai csere és a napirend-befolyásolás kapcsolatát vizsgálja meg a politikai termék fogalma segítségével. A szerző a 2022-es országgyűlési választáson a politikai termékek és napirendi témák fontosságának választói észlelését vizsgálta meg, és választói szegmensek azonosítására törekedett klaszterelemzéssel. Az országgyűlési választás előtti másfél hétben egy online kérdőíves megkérdezést hajtott végre, aminek az eredményeképp egy 2000 fős mintát kapott, ami nemre, korra és lakóhelytípusra tükrözi a magyar választók alapsokaságát. A Fidesz-KDNP és az Egységben Magyarországért szavazói között szegmenseket hozott létre az egyes napirendi témák fontosságának észlelése alapján, amiből arra lehet következtetni, hogy az ügyalapú szavazásnak volt szerepe a 2022-es választáson. Találkozott olyan kormánypárti szegmenssel, melyben kizárólag a háború vagy a vezértémák alapján döntöttek, illetve olyan kiábrándult ellenzéki klaszterrel is, melyben egyetlen ellenzéki témát sem tartottak fontosnak.
... Chomsky is renowned for his contributions to linguistics and cognitive science, and this work could provide valuable insights into the intersection of language and cognition. Cohen (1963) in his classical work "The Press and Foreign Policy" examines the interplay between the media and foreign policy. Written in the early 1960s, Cohen likely explores how the press influences public opinion and government decisions regarding foreign affairs. ...
Media serves as a conduit for public diplomacy, influencing a nation's global image. Diplomatic events are communicated through media channels, contributing to the formation of a nation's reputation. The language used in media coverage shapes how a nation is perceived by the global audience, impacting its diplomatic standing and relationships. Linguistic strategies in the discourse analysis of global politics underscore the profound impact of words in shaping narratives and influencing public perceptions. By unraveling the intricate web of framing, lexical choices, intertextuality, and persuasive language, researchers gain a deeper understanding of how media constructs meaning in the complex landscape of international affairs. Recognizing the power embedded in linguistic strategies is crucial for comprehending the multifaceted role of media in shaping global political discourse. This research article endeavors to undertake a thorough framework for discourse analysis of how media depicts global political events, intending to unravel the intricate ways in which narratives are constructed, discussions framed, and public perceptions influenced in the realm of international affairs. Employing discourse analysis as the primary methodological approach, the study aims to scrutinize the linguistic, rhetorical, and semiotic strategies employed by media outlets. The investigation will delve into the subtle nuances of language, the framing of discussions, and the use of visual elements in shaping the discourse surrounding global politics. By examining these strategies, the research seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of how media contributes to the construction of narratives, thereby shedding light on the potential impact on public opinions and contributing to the broader scholarly discourse on media's role in shaping perceptions of global political dynamics.
... De esta manera, llegan a construir una realidad única y que en cierto modo es la que llega al público (Dader, 1990). Por tanto, orientan a la sociedad en la percepción de los temas de una manera concreta al ofrecer aquello que consideran de interés para los ciudadanos (Luhmanan, 1996) y aunque no dicen a los individuos lo que tienen que pensar, sí los aconseja sobre lo que hay que pensar (Cohen, 1963 De este modo, los medios de comunicación no son simples transmisores de acontecimientos, sino que además pueden influir en la conducta de las audiencias en sus formas de percibir y organizar el mundo (Ardèvol et al., 2020). Los investigadores de comunicación han examinado cómo las noticias de los medios pueden influir en las percepciones o actitudes públicas hacia temas específicos y jugar un papel relevante orientando hacia un punto de vista o un enfoque concreto de un tema como, por ejemplo, en el caso de las campañas de prevención y sensibilización sobre el consumo de drogas (Rekalde y Romaní, 2002;Ballesteros, 2020) dirigidas a los adolescentes (Carvalho et al., 2019;Morel et al., 2019;Rial et al., 2019;Saravia et al., 2019;Trabsa et al., 2019) y universitarios (Arias et al., 2019). ...
Tipo de documento: artículo académico RESUMEN En este artículo se analiza el tratamiento que los diarios españoles La Razón, El Mundo, El País y ABC realizan del cannabis durante el año 2019. Mediante una meto-dología de análisis de contenido se identifican las fuentes utilizadas, la autoría de los textos, las áreas temáticas dominantes y se compara el tratamiento dado por los diarios mencionados. Los resultados muestran un predominio de los géneros informativos con textos firmados por los redactores o colaboradores habituales, quienes utilizan fuentes oficiales obviando el punto de vista de otros ámbitos. Destacan como temas principales los relacionados con acciones tipificadas como delito (detenciones, desmantelamientos, incautaciones y seguridad vial) y se observa la falta de información institucional sobre campañas de prevención de adicciones. PALABRAS ABSTRACT This article analyses the treatment of cannabis as a drug in the Spanish newspapers La Razón, El Mundo, El País and ABC during 2019. Using a content analysis methodology, we identify the sources used, the authorship of the texts, the dominant thematic areas
... La planificación estratégica y la gestión efectiva de la agenda son fundamentales para optimizar el tiempo y lograr resultados significativos. 5 Kingdon (1984) y Roth Deubel (2002) sugieren que los líderes políticos deberían centrarse en priorizar los problemas más apremiantes para establecer objetivos claros y alcanzables para su administración. La gestión efectiva de la agenda y la colaboración con expertos y funcionarios gubernamentales experimentados también pueden ayudar a maximizar el tiempo disponible, para así tomar decisiones informadas. ...
Se describe la problemática que implica el tiempo en la Administración Pública, un recurso limitado para buscar el posicionamiento de los objetivos de una marca gobierno. El marketing gubernamental resulta mejor herramienta que la propaganda en contextos democráticos, pues privilegia la competitividad en vez del adoctrinamiento. Una clave para la creación de una buena imagen de gobierno radica en la definición de una narrativa y un brief de marketing gubernamental, que pueda ser usado como herramienta estratégica de la oficina de comunicación social del nuevo gobierno.
... Un actor esencial en el proceso de ocultamiento de las actividades ilícitas de las personas naturales y jurídicas con poder económico e influencia sociopolítica son los medios de comunicación. Esto es reflejado en los estudios criminológicos que se centran en los mismos y en las repercusiones del control formal e informal que tratan de establecer a través de las siguientes estrategias de acción: a) la determinación de aquellos temas que se van a debatir en los medios y la exclusión o minimización del resto a pesar de su relevancia (agenda setting) (Cohen, 1963;McCombs & Valenzuela, 2007); b) la definición de los aspectos a abordar en relación con cada una de los temas que entran en la agenda de los medios, priorizando unos y excluyendo o dejando en un segundo plano otros (agenda framing) (McCombs, 2006); y c) la (re)construcción activa de los acontecimientos en lugar de su descripción, basándose en discursos derivados de diversas fuentes (Parra & Domínguez, 2004). Con ello buscan influir en el desarrollo político-institucional y socioeconómico de las sociedades contemporáneas mediante la creación de la opinión pública y el establecimiento de un sistema de control social informal (Ragagnin, 2005). ...
El presente artículo analiza diversas teorías criminológicas, incluyendo la criminología de los poderosos y de los medios de comunicación, la victimología, la criminología verde, el maldesarrollo, los crímenes de la globalización y la macrocriminalidad, que permiten comprender mejor los distintos elementos del fenómeno de la corrupción transnacional. Si bien ninguna de las teorías analizadas permite describir plenamente este fenómeno, todas y cada una de ellas visibilizan con especial claridad alguno(s) de sus aspectos más relevantes.
... A global event such as the COVID-19 pandemic requires a comparative approach to understand the complexity of media coverage of this major international health issue. Media studies have begun to question why journalists covering the same issue produce different versions of it (Siebert, Peterson, & Schramm, 1956;Cohen, 1963;Entman, 1991). At the same time, comparative models have recently been developed to provide a global analytical framework to compare media across countries (Hallin & Mancini, 2004. ...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed journalistic practices and media roles in France and Germany.
Analysis: As part of the Journalistic Role Performance Project (JRP), 9,438 articles published in France and Germany in 2020 were analyzed to determine trends in journalistic sources and the presence of six professional roles (watchdog, loyal facilitator, interventionist disseminator, service, infotainment, and civic) in news coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions and implications: Professional roles in French and German media production are similar despite the countries having distinct media systems. However, notable differences exist in terms of journalistic practices. German media are characterized by the use of sources to justify institutional decisions. In contrast, French journalistic content is less politicized with a focus on “health” sources.
... By applying content analysis, scholars identified elements of propaganda in journalistic texts, such as normalization of ideological, patterned, and euphemised narratives. It was during this period that Walter Lippmann and his supporters developed the theory of agenda-setting, according to which the press "may not be successful much of the time in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about" [Cohen 1963]. ...
The article investigates existing approaches of Vietnamese, Russian and Western researchers to political discourse study. Besides works of Russian and Western researchers written within the framework of political linguistics, which is already developed in the relevant scholarly communities, the material of the analysis includes works of Vietnamese, Russian and Western scholars on Vietnamese political discourse. Methods of comparison, discourse analysis and content analysis allowed the author to obtain results that helped identify main trends and point out underdeveloped areas of Vietnamese political discourse research.
... Relevant news articles released after the terrorist attacks were also examined. Newspapers and mass media were chosen because newspapers and mass media are "amazingly successful" in deciding what ordinary people care about (Cohen, 1963), and research focused on the public agenda-setting role of the media also indicates that the most significant evaluations of the topic follow the amount of media attention of a problem (McLaren, Boomgaarden & Vliegenhart, 2017: 173-193;Wanta & Ghanem, 2006: 37-51). Also, because of the role of news in identity formation, news analysis was made in this study. ...
Terrorism is a phenomenon with a long history. Scholars from many different disciplines research terrorism. One of the disciplines studying the phenomenon of terrorism is International Relations. Significantly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the discipline's interest in terrorism increased dramatically. However, increasing academic studies since the early 2000s did not lead to an increase in the contribution of the field to Terrorism Studies. The state-centric perspective of Neorealism and Neoliberalism is a fundamental reason behind this problem. Constructivism offers an alternative to the state-centric view. In this context, I examine the role of identity and discourse on terrorism by adopting the Constructivist perspective. Within this scope, the manifestos of eight different terrorists within three various terrorist organizations were examined. In parallel, news about the terrorists whose manifestos were examined was analyzed. Using text analysis, results suggest that both terrorists and the media divide the world into two "us" and "them." The results of this study provide interesting insights and empirical implications on International Relations. In this research, I give an overview of this research area. I then discuss this research's primary results and explain why the Constructivist approach, identity, and discourse are essential in terrorism research.
... In fact, the news media play an important role in informing citizens about international issues. On the one hand, much research in media studies and political communication argues that the media coverage of international issues may influence domestic public opinion about these issues and further influence government's foreign policy (see, e.g., Cohen 1963;Hoge 1994;Robinsons 2002). On the other, studies in political science and international relations demonstrate that a range of actors, including international organizations, governmental actors, media actors, and other domestic elites also seek to influence public opinion on global issues (see, e.g., Steenbergen et al. 2007;De Vries and Edwards 2009;Ecker-Ehrhardt 2012). ...
Despite many studies having investigated journalism and media transformation in China in recent years, how Chinese media communicate international issues to its public, and particularly its relations with government policies, remains an underexplored area. Although the extent and quality of the relationship between the European Union (EU) and China has developed fast over the past 20 years, the crises, such as the financial crisis, Eurozone debt crisis, refugee crisis, Brexit, and COVID-19 that the EU has faced have had a negative impact on Chinese perceptions of the EU. Adopting framing theory, this paper focuses on the role of, and the challenges to, Chinese media organizations in communicating the Eurozone crisis and the European refugee crisis to the Chinese public. The study uses content analysis and semi-structured interviews to explore how Chinese journalists and editors balanced journalistic professionalism and the national interest in framing the EU crises. This balance aimed to reduce to a minimum the negative impact of the crises on perceptions, thereby securing domestic support and the government’s closer ties with the EU.
Desde la aparición de las redes sociales digitales, los medios masivos impulsan la presencia activa de sus periodistas en estas plataformas. Facebook es el social media más utilizado en Cuba, lo que ha permitido a los periodistas cubanos divulgar sus agendas y estar en contacto con la ciudadanía. Este artículo examina cómo los periodistas de Santiago de Cuba utilizan sus perfiles personales de Facebook con fines informativos y los roles periodísticos que asumen en esta plataforma. Los roles profesionales se analizaron considerando tres elementos: las prácticas comunicativas de los periodistas en sus perfiles personales, la relación entre la agenda temática de las publicaciones y la agenda personal de los periodistas, y las rutinas productivas que marcan el uso periodístico de los perfiles. Se empleó un diseño de investigación mixto concurrente que combinó análisis de contenido de las publicaciones y entrevistas semi estandarizadas a los periodistas. Los resultados muestran que la agenda de las publicaciones aborda temas recurrentes de los medios para los cuales los periodistas trabajan, mientras la agenda personal de estos profesionales se concentra en problemáticas con repercusión directa sobre su vida cotidiana. Se encontró que la mayoría de periodistas no responde ni reacciona en las publicaciones, y que solo un pequeño porcentaje de las interacciones corresponde a respuestas de los comentarios de los usuarios, principalmente en lo relacionado a la Cultura o el Deporte. POr su parte, las prácticas informativas y los roles que los periodistas asumen están condicionados por las políticas editoriales de los medios e interpretaciones de las regulaciones nacionales sobre la comunicación pública estatal. Ello traslada a la plataforma las tensiones del modelo de prensa cubano.
This article attempts to describe the concept of ‘health’ in the mass media, which is considered on the basis of studying the collocations of the main lexeme forming it – the attributive (крепкое здоровье, etc.) and predicative (вредить здоровью, etc.). The research material was extracted from the National Corpus of the Russian Language, as well as some Russian‑language Internet sources in Russia and Belarus for the period 2018‑2014. Based on the study, it is concluded that changes in the structure of the concept occur under the influence of changes not so much in reality itself, but in the social processes that arise on its basis.
Big Data analysis, the analysis of all the data that is stored in servers around the world and said to be in petabytes, is the buzzword these days. All new researches are based on the pattern of predictive analysis because of the vast insights it holds and the leverage it can provide. However, mass media is still way behind in tapping the possibilities that could be availed through its use. In the following research, we have used the data from twitter to evaluate the public opinion about Sindh Festival and Punjab Youth Festival organized in February 2014 in Pakistan to know the stance of public regarding both the events. Regarding the analysis, three hashtags #Sindhfestival, #PYF14 and #Punjabyouthfestival were examined. The hashtags analysis was based on systematic sampling method in which pre event, during and post event data were gathered and analyzed.
A lusofonia é um conceito pós-colonial, não podendo ser encarado em associação com qualquer tipo de ‘portugalidade’, termo cunhado durante o Estado Novo e alinhado com o slogan “Portugal do Minho a Timor”, então vigente. A lusofonia ficaria, desde logo, amputada se correspondesse apenas aos falantes de português espalhados pelo mundo e não consubstanciasse um lugar simbólico e cultural, extravasando essa correspondência semântica de proximidade que lhe esteve na origem, num mundo cada vez mais globalizado, que se inscreve no presente. Desvia-se, assim, da ideia da existência de uma língua única e de um ideário sem os quais não haveria promessa de continuidade entre Portugal e as suas então províncias ultramarinas. Por não se tratar de um assunto encerrado, o passado colonial pode revelar-se problemático. O conceito de lusofonia encerra, assim, algumas clivagens, não tendo sido por acaso que o acordo de formalização da CPLP (1996) tenha deixado de fora a palavra, não devido a uma mera coincidência, mas por remeter etimologicamente para uma centralidade portuguesa. E, mesmo que se afirme que já tudo foi escrito sobre a lusofonia, faltando apenas colocá-la em prática, ela não é consensual, havendo vários equívocos que têm que ser dirimidos para que se assuma na sua dinâmica pós-colonial. Este artigo propõe observar o percurso da lusofonia através da publicação de notícias nos média online lusófonos, que permita vislumbrar o alinhamento do que vai sendo publicado em relação com as políticas desenvolvidas por alguns países membros da CPLP, principalmente em Angola. Como metodologia, foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística, tendo o processo sido desenvolvido por acessibilidade ou conveniência. A recolha de dados foi feita através de documentação indireta, em que na pesquisa se utilizaram as notícias dos média lusófonos que estavam disponíveis online.
The 2018 Mexican presidential election marked the initiation of a new political communication dynamic in which traditional electoral communication strategies of political parties were challenged by an independent candidate. This study evaluated this innovative electoral setting by examining Telemundo’s electoral coverage of party-affiliated candidates —Anaya Cortés, Meade Kuribreña, and López Obrador— and the independent candidate —Rodríguez Calderón— through agenda setting theory. The data was collected from Telemundo’s national newscast “Noticias Telemundo” with José Díaz Balart during INE’s official 90-day electoral campaign period. The inter-candidate agenda setting effect regarding the horse race topics was strong among the contenders suggesting that Telemundo’s journalists were disseminating the same information regarding party candidates, but the journalists’ reporting differed when covering the independent candidate. Outcomes indicate that there were two dominant political discussions in Telemundo regarding horse race topics, one emerging from all party candidates and the other one from the independent candidate. The inter-candidate agenda setting effect of issues presented strong correlations among all contenders, suggesting that their policy issues news agendas in Telemundo were nearly identical, which could have made it difficult for voters to distinguish among the candidates’ campaign messages. Overall, Rodríguez Calderón challenged parties’ political communication strategies in terms of horse race topics for his ability to disseminate a distinct campaign message in Telemundo despite having acquired the most negative coverage from journalists. But the independent candidate did not represent an opposition for parties regarding issues because his political rhetoric was not dissimilar from the other contenders.
Este capítulo profundiza en las características del periodista digital y alerta sobre la precariedad en el sector derivada de la inmediatez y los bajos salarios, pese a la existencia de nuevos perfiles que han empezado a disponer de espacio en las empresas informativas. Por otro lado, se hace un breve recorrido histórico sobre la evolución de los medios digitales en España, con especial atención a la triple crisis del periodismo derivada de los problemas económicos mundiales a partir de 2007-2008. Además, se analizan los distintos modelos de negocio dentro del periodismo digital en la actualidad y las nuevas estrategias de endurecimiento de los muros de pago que se han producido en España en los últimos años.
Many tv-effects theories are based on a ‘transmission model' approach to study effects. 'Active viewer'-theory has made researchers aware of the fact that television programmes can have many different meanings for many different viewers. Nevertheless, television programmes generally do not allow a limitless number of interpretations. Television's ultimately limited number of readings should therefore be seen as creating ‘boundaries’ within which certain interpretations of the world receive more support than others. Viewer activity will probably modify and mediate the ‘mainstream pull' of television. This means that television drama (like non-fiction) is probably not very good at telling us what to think, but it may be telling us what to think about. This process was called 'data setting’. An empirical study in Flanders (909 respondents) offers support for the conclusion that television's effect on perceptions can be shown more easily than an effect on opinions which require more cognitive processing and therefore ‘multiple readings’).
This study examines the influence of fiscal councils on public opinion regarding fiscal issues. Using a survey-framing experiment on a representative sample of 900 inhabitants of the Czech Republic, the study evaluates how the framing of a message regarding the negative effects of rising government debt would impact the attitudes of respondents. The results show that framing the message as coming from the Czech Fiscal Council does not increase its credibility. Fiscal councils should not focus on persuading the public of their viewpoint on public finance issues, but rather utilize the knowledge of agenda-setting theory to gain media attention for fiscal issues.
In this paper, we study newspaper partisan behavior and content, which we measure using coverage of and commentary on partisan activities, institutions, and actors. We use this measure to describe the levels of relative partisan behavior during the period 1880 to 1900, and to describe changes over the period 1880 to 1980. We find that, on average, newspapers were initially highly partisan, but gradually became less partisan over time. Importantly, we find as much change after the 1910s as before, which contributes to the existing literature that focuses on changes in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We also investigate words and phrases that had negative or positive partisan connotations in particular periods. Finally, we examine whether some of the common hypotheses offered in the literature can account for the changes. The initial findings suggest that these explanations can only account for part of the decline.
The mass media is central to the development of any democratic society. Section 22 of Nigeria’s 1999 constitution indicates that the watchdog role is a constitutional duty of the press to ensure that government is responsible and accountable to the people. Its duties become prominent during emergencies and conflicts where, practitioners are expected to report without prejudice and as well feed the citizenry with reliable and up-to-date information to the extent that compel those in authority to take drastic action in order to assuage the feeling of the vulnerable. However, the number of people living under constant threat of banditry, terrorism and plethora of human rights abuses in Nigeria is stunning, especially in Northern Nigeria where Boko Haram insurgents have culminated in abductions, kidnap-for-money and killings. These situations demand the attention of the media more than before. It is against this background that this paper examined the critical role of the media practitioners in crises situation, especially how they monitor NGOs, international organisations and voluntary agencies in applying the concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in relation to vulnerable people-women, children, aged and communities-affected by conflicts and how journalists tailor their reportage towards the welfare of the defenseless citizenry in particular to fulfill their watchdog role at large—all in a bid to make the society a better place. The theoretical underpinning of this study is formed by the Social Responsibility Theory. The study also employed focus group discussion (FGD) to gather qualitative data.
Medyayla ilişkiler, basın mensuplarına gönderilen metinlerin haber olabilmesi için planlanan ve hayata geçirilen faaliyetleri içermektedir. Gazetecilerin kararlarını kuruluşun yararına olacak biçimde vermesi ise bu sürecin başarılı bir şekilde işleyebilmesi noktasında zorunluluk göstermektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, basın mensuplarının halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcılarına yönelik algısını derinlemesine öğrenebilmek, böylece pratikte ortaya çıkan sorunları saptayabilmektir. Çalışmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Konya’nın merkez ilçelerinde, günlük ve basılı yayın yapan on bir gazetede çalışan ve halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcıları ile ilişki ve iletişim sürecini yürüten, ayrıca eşik bekçiliği görevini üstlenen basın mensupları oluşturmaktadır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgular, Gazetecilerin Perspektifinden Geleneksel Mecralarda Medyayla İlişkiler, Gazetecilerin Perspektifinden Dijital Ortamlarda Medyayla İlişkiler ve Gazetecilerin Perspektifinden Halkla İlişkiler Uygulayıcıları ve Gazeteciler Arasındaki İlişki Modelleri olmak üzere üç başlık altında analiz edilmiştir.
Radio broadcasters in South Africa are often more than mere announcers who inform the audiences about what is coming up on the programme. They have been instrumental in helping South Africans make sense of developments in this context. They also play an essential role in developing and uplifting indigenous languages. At many pivotal moments in the country’s history, they have been the voice communities turn to for information, reassurance, and a perspective on the prevailing state of affairs. This study explores the role of radio broadcasters in shaping public discourse over the years. Using the notion of metajournalistic discourse, the chapter considers how the selected radio presenters, talk about the way they think their work has shaped public discourse over the years.
The current situation for journalism in Argentina represents a great challenge due to the continuous economic changes linked to inflation and labour precariousness. Faced with this, a phenomenon known as self-managed media has grown over the recent years, also connected to recovered media that promotes innovation, providing material for use in newsrooms to produce novel content and connect with audiences. For this explorative study, based on journalists’ roles and innovation, we conducted a mixed-methods design to analyse self-managed media composed of recovered, cooperatives, community, popular, and alternative media. First, a focus group was held with 10 communicators to understand their current situation; second, 60 journalists were consulted about their roles and innovations; finally, in-depth interviews were conducted with three communicators who work on self-managed media at the Community and Cooperative Media Confederation. The findings reveal the presence of innovative actions, reported by 90% of respondents, and confirm that 70% of the consulted journalists had assumed new roles in management and administration. In addition, 80% of the journalists praised community work as fostering a sense of belonging and its associated benefits regarding motivation and freedom. These sentiments were further validated by the insights shared by the three interviewees. This sense of belonging could be included in the fifth area of innovation in journalism, which centres on the social dimension.
The news media is a critical source of information for the public. However, it neglects the interests of the poor. In this paper, we explore why this happens, why it matters, and what might be done about it. As to why this happens, we identify two main reasons: because of the way that media is funded and because of the composition of its journalists and its sources. As to why this matters, we argue that this neglect is problematic for three main reasons: it deprives the poor of vital information; it contributes to public support for or acceptance of policies that harm the interests of the poor; and it undermines political equality. And as to what might be done about it, we suggest two proposals: proposals that change the composition of who makes the news and proposals that change how the media is funded.
İnsanların düşüncelerini ve duygularını ifade etmek için kullandıkları temel araç olan dil, iletişim kurmanın yanı sıra insanların düşünce süreçlerini de şekillendirmekte ve toplumsal etki oluşturmaktadır. Belirli bir konu ya da tartışma çerçevesinde kullanılan dil ise ‘söylem’ olarak ifade edilmektedir. Söylemin toplumsal etkisi, kullanılan dilin doğru veya yanlış algılanmasına, belirli bir toplumsal kesime yönelik olup olmamasına ve insanların düşüncelerini nasıl şekillendirdiğine bağlıdır. Politika, reklam, eğitim gibi birçok alanda kullanılan dil ve söylem yoluyla medya toplum üzerinde istediği şekilde bir etki oluşturmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu açıdan kitle iletişim araçlarının en önemlilerinden biri olan gazeteler, toplumsal etki oluşumunda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Gazeteler, toplumun geniş kesimlerine ulaşabilen ve çeşitli konularda farkındalık yaratmaya yardımcı olan güçlü kitle iletişim araçlarından biridir. Okuyucularına haberleri sunarken, belirli bir olayı veya konuyu farklı açılardan ele alarak toplumu da şekillendirmektedir. Bu da toplumsal etkinin oluşmasında gazetelerin rolünü artırmaktadır. Gazeteler, afetin etkilerini topluma duyurarak, halkı bilgilendirmek, yardım talep etmek, toplumda dayanışma ve iş birliği duygularını güçlendirmek gibi önemli birçok görevi de yerine getirmeye çalışmaktadır. Özellikle depremler gibi afetlerde, halka doğru bilgiler sunarak, afetin olası etkileri hakkında bilinçlendirme yapmaktadırlar. Aynı zamanda, afet bölgesindeki durumu, kayıpları ve hasarları halka duyurarak, yardım çağrılarında da bulunmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, yayın politikaları farklı olan Hürriyet, Sabah ve Cumhuriyet gazetelerinin 6 Şubat 2023’te Kahramanmaraş merkezli yaşanan depremde gazetelerinin manşetlerinde gösterdikleri tavır ve duruşları değerlendirilmiştir. Nitel ve nicel yöntemli bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş depremine yönelik haber ve yorumlar içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Edilen bulgular, toplumun birlik ve beraberlik içerisinde olması gereken zamanlar olarak değerlendirilen afet ve savaş hâli gibi durumlarda, gazetelerdeki ayrıştırıcı veya birleştirici dilin kullanımı da ortaya koymayı amaç edinmektedir.
This chapter provides an introduction to the topic of agenda-setting theory and its relevance in the context of the media landscape. It begins by highlighting the importance of agenda-setting as a theory that explores the influence of media on shaping public opinion and political discourse. It introduces the concept of agenda-setting theory and its core principles. Then, Buturoiu, Corbu and Boţan further delve into the relationship between agenda-setting, priming and framing. Additionally, the authors explore different typologies of frames used in agenda-setting research, offering a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which issues and events are framed by the media. Lastly, the chapter examines the role of agenda-setting in the new media landscape. It acknowledges the transformative impact of digital media on the dissemination and consumption of news and information. Overall, this chapter sets the stage for further exploration of agenda-setting processes and their effects on public opinion and political communication.
Un ensayo critico de la realidad a nivel educativo, político, social y económico de las masas juveniles a través de las décadas. El ensayo se divide en 2 partes fundamentales; "los antecedentes de las juventudes" y "la nueva juventud", a la vez se subdivide en los temas educativos, políticos y socioeconómicos. La idea del ensayo es mostrar como el joven del bicentenario ha sido producto de corrientes (situación política nacional e internacional desde la década de los 20' hasta la década de los 90') y contracorrientes (Mayor poderío de los medios de reproducción espiritual). El ensayo toma en cuenta con mucha claridad como el accionar de los gobiernos han sido muy distante e indiferente para generar un desarrollo pleno del joven peruano, evidenciado en las políticas educativas muy alejadas al contexto nacional, el poco presupuesto para estas, los claros intereses de grupos de poder y sobre todo la aplicación de sistemas educativos defectuosos. En el apartado socioeconómico se muestra los 3 auges económicos más importantes del Perú y la dirección contraria en la que vivieron los jóvenes peruanos, englobando en todo este apartado la pregunta: ¿Desarrollo y bienestar económico para quienes? Se presenta con citas y datos que la situación económica, social y de salud del joven eran de las peores de la región. Justamente, la situación socioeconómica está relacionada con el pensamiento político juvenil , ya que crea un joven consciente de su realidad y por lo tanto busca la manera de cambiar su situación mediante agrupaciones políticas y la generación de un arte de vanguardia (literatura y música). Se demuestra históricamente que el foco de los cambios sociales que ha tenido el Perú fue llevado de la mano de los jóvenes y las universidades. En esta sección llamada "Antecedentes políticos" también se destaca las corrientes internacionales influyentes en dichas radicalizaciones políticas juveniles. En la segunda parte del ensayo catalogado como : "La nueva juventud". Parte desde finales de la década de los 90' principalmente porque existe una disolución del pensamiento critico político de la juventud, producto de políticas internacionales y nacionales añadiéndole además, el mayor poderío de los medios de reproducción espiritual. Todos estos tuvieron el accionar de castigar, dividir y reprimir los focos del pensamiento
Com a Constituição Federal de 1988 e a sanção da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBN; Lei 9394/1996), a educação alcançou um patamar de direito constitucional subjetivo, inclusive com inúmeros mecanismos de exigibilidade relativos a padrões de qualidade. Em que pese o esforço de produção legislativa posterior a 1996, em um cenário de impasses federativos, subfinanciamento e tensões entre poderes, o Brasil ainda não foi capaz de universalizar as matrículas da Educação Básica, descumprindo todo o marco legal nacional e os compromissos internacionais dos quais é signatário. O presente artigo procura analisar os hiatos entre as leis e a implementação de políticas públicas em matéria educacional, considerando os atores que incidiram na tramitação das matérias e a implementação das três principais leis educativas dos últimos dez anos, responsáveis por materializar demandas constitucionais, tanto no âmbito da ampliação de matrículas como na afirmação de padrões de qualidade: Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação - Fundeb (2006 e 2007), Piso do Magistério (2008) e Plano Nacional de Educação (2014).
The Albanian media started discussing environmental issues as soon as communism fell. These communications were, however, sporadic and failed to arouse much interest. The first substantial environmental discussions began only ten years later. Additionally, the Ministry of Environment was set up as an institution almost ten years after the establishment of Albania’s democratic system when the communist system was overthrown. In contrast, business flourished right away after the adoption of the democratic system, civil society in the environmental area started to develop in the early years of democracy as well, albeit at a more sluggish pace than business and industry. Environmental legislation was strengthened after the foundation of the Ministry of Environment, at which time the media also started to focus on environmental issues. This explains the reasons and causes of why environmental and nature protection are so delayed in Albania. This book marks the beginning of scientific research in Albania in the field of communication and environmental media.
This chapter explores two key questions: how does the way journalists identify with the shared values of the profession serve as a guide for their actions; and how does ‘being a journalist’ shape news? The chapter first considers debates about the importance of journalism’s claim to the status of a profession and introduces the norms and values associated with this status. It then considers how the variety of role perceptions and values that journalists identify with guide their production of news. The chapter demonstrates that the ability of journalists to enact and perform roles is highly dependent on social, organisational, political, and economic contexts. In practice, interpretations of role perceptions and values and their application in news making vary according to national cultures, news organisations, and the type of journalism pursued. Finally, the chapter examines two professional values in depth: objectivity as an established value; and transparency as an emerging value and potential new norm.
This chapter offers a systematic examination of existing scholarly explanations for the emergence and sustenance of terroristic violence through six explanatory frameworks: psychological dimensions, religious dimensions, strategic dynamics, cultural/civilisational contexts, political contexts and economic dimensions. This chapter also sets out the prevailing literature as it relates to the specific stakeholders of terrorism: US mainstream media, ISIS and individual actors/lone wolf. This chapter illustrates how it has been established in the exiting literature that there are numerous causes, impacts and benefits associated with terrorism activism; however, the prevailing literature does not sufficiently or explicitly, systematically or consistently emphasise the inherent duality as it pertains to the related themes associated with the specific explanatory frameworks in relation to terrorism-related activism. The chapter further highlights this as it relates to the specific stakeholders of terrorism—like, for instance, the US mainstream media wide-ranging debates and extensive literature on the US media in relation to terrorism focuses primarily on the media’s symbiotic relationship (between the media and terrorists), framing, packaging, presenting, Orwellian-style coverage, among others, however, it does not explicitly or systematically stress or reinforce the existence of an inherent duality, a multiplicity of negatives and positives simultaneously present in most situations concerning terrorism, in this case, the US mainstream media’s coverage of terrorism. The same for the Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL) and lone wolf/individual actors in which the prevailing literature extensively examines the former emergence, brutal terroristic violence, proficient use of social media, its criminalised war economy, source of revenue, among other things and the latter’s most salient causes, impacts and even the benefits that some lone wolf/individual actors might garner from their engagement in terrorism activism. Howbeit, the literature similar to the existing literature on the US mainstream media in relation to terrorism-activism, does not sufficiently, or explicitly, and neither systematically stresses the existence of an inherent duality as it relates to ISIS’s and lone wolf/individual actors’ engagement in terrorism-activism.KeywordsDefining terrorismPsychologyReligionStrategyCulture/civilisationPoliticsEconomicsISISLone wolfIndividual actorsUS mainstream media
Looking back into the four main stages throughout China’s Reform and Opening-up since 1978, innovation based on persistence is at the epicentre of this nearly half-a-century process. China’s national image has been constructed under the different historical contexts to people in each of the world’s 24 time zones.
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