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Building theories from case study research
Abstract
- This paper describes the process of inducting theory using case studies from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Some features of the process, such as problem definition and construct validation, are similar to hypothesis-testing research. Others, such as within-case analysis and replication logic, are unique to the inductive, case-oriented process. Overall, the process described here is highly iterative and tightly linked to data. This research approach is especially appropriate in new topic areas. The resultant theory is often novel, testable, and empirically valid. Finally, framebreaking insights, the tests of good theory (e.g., parsimony, logical coherence), and convincing grounding in the evidence are the key criteria for evaluating this type of research.
... In order to achieve the purpose of our study, we tackled this research objective through a comparative multiple-case study (Eisenhardt, 1989). We adopted an inductive viewpoint for our theory-building, drawing from primary and secondary data on four technology-based startups operating as digital platforms for financial and marketing services that proceeded to scale after market validation. ...
... Our study is set up as a multiple-case study (Eisenhardt, 1989(Eisenhardt, , 1991Eisenhardt and Graebner, 2007;Yin, 2014) to address our research objective with the aim of generating novel theory by analysing data inductively (Eisenhardt, 1989;Glaser and Strauss, 1967;Strauss and Corbin, 1990). The case study approach was deemed the most appropriate given the exploratory nature of this study (Goffin et al., 2019) and the scarcity of research on scaling technology-based startups and, consequently, the need for theory building (Eisenhardt and Graebner, 2007). ...
... Our study is set up as a multiple-case study (Eisenhardt, 1989(Eisenhardt, , 1991Eisenhardt and Graebner, 2007;Yin, 2014) to address our research objective with the aim of generating novel theory by analysing data inductively (Eisenhardt, 1989;Glaser and Strauss, 1967;Strauss and Corbin, 1990). The case study approach was deemed the most appropriate given the exploratory nature of this study (Goffin et al., 2019) and the scarcity of research on scaling technology-based startups and, consequently, the need for theory building (Eisenhardt and Graebner, 2007). ...
Scaling is one of the most critical phases in the lifecycle of technology-based startups: failure to scale often translates into failure to survive. Entrepreneurial experimentation has emerged as a method to reduce the likelihood of startup failure by anticipating market information. However, previous studies only described experimentation as the means to achieve market validation during the early stages of a startup's lifecycle. In our study, we have inductively investigated experimentation in technology-based startups after they had achieved market validation, conducting a comparative multiple-case study on four technology-based startups operating as digital platforms for financial and marketing services. Our findings conclude that technology-based startups continue to experiment extensively as they scale up. We present a process model of how experimentation for scaling focuses on probing for new customer segments, experimenting on customer relationships and channels, whilst carefully pacing and prioritizing experiments, and selecting the relevant growth metrics to monitor. Our study thus extends the current understanding of entrepreneurial experimentation beyond the accomplishment of market validation to the phase of scaling. This article also provides practical guidelines for technology entrepreneurs to direct their efforts towards experimentation during the challenging scaling phase.
... El número de casos analizados permitió la construcción de generalidades teóricas. Con respecto al número de casos analizados, si bien se menciona la saturación teórica de casos y la inexistencia de un número ideal de casos, Eisenhardt (1989) enuncia que con menos de cuatro casos es difícil generar teoría con mucha complejidad, y empíricamente es probablemente un inconveniente" (Eisenhardt, 1989). Siendo para esta investigación el número de casos estudiados 6, que corresponden a la totalidad de los casos; lo que facilitó la construcción de generalidades teóricas, permitiendo además la replicabilidad de la investigación en los últimos casos analizados, que arrojaron resultados similares en cada caso. ...
... El número de casos analizados permitió la construcción de generalidades teóricas. Con respecto al número de casos analizados, si bien se menciona la saturación teórica de casos y la inexistencia de un número ideal de casos, Eisenhardt (1989) enuncia que con menos de cuatro casos es difícil generar teoría con mucha complejidad, y empíricamente es probablemente un inconveniente" (Eisenhardt, 1989). Siendo para esta investigación el número de casos estudiados 6, que corresponden a la totalidad de los casos; lo que facilitó la construcción de generalidades teóricas, permitiendo además la replicabilidad de la investigación en los últimos casos analizados, que arrojaron resultados similares en cada caso. ...
... La unidad de análisis del estudio está compuesta por la totalidad de las cooperativas (Tabla 2: 6 cooperativas: 335 asociados y 41 empleados) de banano de exportación del Departamento del Magdalena (Colombia), lo cual según la categorización de Yin (1989) corresponde a un estudio múltiple (diversos casos) y holístico (por la variedad de las fuentes de información y las técnicas de recolección) (Eisenhardt, 1989), que permite asegurar la validez y confiabilidad del método. ...
Los negocios inclusivos (NI) son emprendimientos que tienen en la base de la pirámide (BdP) un eslabón que genera valor económico y social para la cadena de suministro. Su desarrollo requiere la identificación de factores institucionales formales para crear y fortalecer la BdP en países con altos niveles de pobreza. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar estos factores a través del estudio de caso de seis cooperativas que producen banano de exportación en Colombia, cuyas BdP son pequeños productores. La metodología combina la recolección y análisis de información cuantitativa que se evalúa a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se verifica con el análisis cualitativo de entrevistas. Entre los resultados, destaca la importancia de factores como las políticas de responsabilidad social de las empresas anclas y el cumplimiento de normas y certificaciones por parte de los pequeños productores agropecuarios. El apoyo a la formación de la BdP también es digno de mención, gracias a la asistencia financiera y no financiera proporcionada por diversos actores de la cadena de valor.
... Because our study fulfills these criteria, we apply an inductive multiple-case study approach (Eisenhardt, 1989;Eisenhardt & Graebner, 2007). Drawing on multiple cases permits systematic cross-case comparisons that enable the recognition of patterns in the relationships among the constructs, facilitating the emergence of theoretical insights from the data (Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2009). ...
... Because our study fulfills these criteria, we apply an inductive multiple-case study approach (Eisenhardt, 1989;Eisenhardt & Graebner, 2007). Drawing on multiple cases permits systematic cross-case comparisons that enable the recognition of patterns in the relationships among the constructs, facilitating the emergence of theoretical insights from the data (Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2009). Additionally, as case studies are context sensitive, they are highly suitable for exploring contextual questions (Yin, 2009;Zahra, 2007). ...
... Because the aim of this study is not to test but to develop theory (Eisenhardt & Graebner, 2007), we adopted an inductive approach with "theoretical sampling" (see also Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2009). This is a "purposefully nonrandom procedure that selects cases for theorybuilding reasons: to illuminate the focal phenomenon and to present theoretically important contrasts" (Li & Piezunka, 2020: 319;Nelson, 2017;Yin, 2009). ...
Applying an inductive case study approach, we analyze four family business portfolios and reveal that rural-based family business portfolios tend to grow internally (organically) and through related diversification. In contrast, urban-based portfolios rather grow externally through acquisitions and partnerships and pursue unrelated diversification. The family's entrepreneurial legacy and how it is transferred to members of the next generation through grooming and imprinting in rural versus urban contexts emerge as a key underlying mechanism.
... Elle peut constituer à elle seule une stratégie de recherche entière comme elle peut aussi intervenir après une phase de collecte de données « de type extensif ou qualitatif » [Hlady Rispal (2000)]. Comme le laisse traduire la définition de Musca (2006) à partir des travaux de Eisenhardt (1989) En conclusion, les auteurs qui ont eu à réaliser des travaux majeurs sur les méthodes de cas ont contribué à lui octroyer au sein de la discipline des sciences de gestion, un statut de méthode de recherche à part entière [Glaser et Strauss (1967), Eisenhardt (1989), Yin (1994), Wacheux (1996), Stake (1995), Hlady-Rispal (2000, Giroux (2003), Miles et Huberman (2003)]. ...
... Elle peut constituer à elle seule une stratégie de recherche entière comme elle peut aussi intervenir après une phase de collecte de données « de type extensif ou qualitatif » [Hlady Rispal (2000)]. Comme le laisse traduire la définition de Musca (2006) à partir des travaux de Eisenhardt (1989) En conclusion, les auteurs qui ont eu à réaliser des travaux majeurs sur les méthodes de cas ont contribué à lui octroyer au sein de la discipline des sciences de gestion, un statut de méthode de recherche à part entière [Glaser et Strauss (1967), Eisenhardt (1989), Yin (1994), Wacheux (1996), Stake (1995), Hlady-Rispal (2000, Giroux (2003), Miles et Huberman (2003)]. ...
... Cette personne nous a mis en contact avec des acteurs très présents dans le milieu des PdC, et ce fut même l'amorce de mon travail de terrain. Ainsi, au fur et à mesure de mes recherches, et aussi par l'intermédiaire des nouvelles connaissances, [Eisenhardt (1989), Yin (1984)]. ...
... Polar case-selection was chosen in order to contrast and compare the two different ambidexterity approaches. Furthermore, cases were selected respective 'constraint variation' (Eisenhardt, 1989): due to the complexity of ambidexterity, the goal was to reduce "extraneous variation" (Vedel and Kokshagina, 2021, p.4), thus choosing companies that have distinct characteristics in common, while maximizing the difference in ambidexterity set-up (process variety) and the way it is handled at the firm level. Both cases are German-based, family-owned, hardware manufacturers following the definition of German "Mittelstand-companies" from DeMassis et al. (2018). ...
... Since 2017, explorative innovation activities for digital and physical products have been enforced and step by step organizational and cultural mechanisms have been put into place to ensure contextual ambidexterity Three different sources were used for this study, taking into consideration state-of-the-art research methods (Yin, 2017;Eisenhardt, 1989;Elsahn, 2020). While cross-sectional semiguided interviews have been conducted, the second stream of data derived from direct observations and note-taking within the day-to-day business operations. ...
... Each interview lasted approximately one hour. Following Eisenhardt (1989), the approach of semi-structured interviews were used to minimize 'pre-conceived' notions during data collection. Starting with open questions allowing for the freedom to have unfolding discussions related to our research interest (Chen and Kannan-Narasimhan, 2015). ...
In this paper, we contrast theory and practice of organizational ambidexterity for the development of digital service innovation and the transformation to a dual oriented business model in hardware manufacturers.
... The questionnaire contained questions related to demographic data, actions traditionally taken by corporate universities, actions taken during the period of the pandemic, and related to the organization to which the corporate university is linked. In addition to descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, qualitative research through interviews was used to broaden and deepen the understanding of the results obtained in quantitative research (Eisenhardt, 1989). ...
... The data analysis method used was content analysis, a set of techniques for systematization, interpretation, and description of the information content (Bardin, 1977). For the analysis of the interviews, a priori categories were created from the questions used in the survey, which gave rise to the quantitative results (Eisenhardt, 1989), as shown in Table 1. For the systematic literature review, we adopted the VOSViewer software together with the search terms in the initial Boolean formula (without filters), obtaining the content shown in Figure 1, which allows the visualization and analysis of the most common subjects in the scientific literature. ...
The main purpose of this article is to identify the main actions adopted by Corporate Universities (CUs) during the COVID-19 pandemic period, as well as trends for the post-pandemic period. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted on Scopus and Web of Science databases. A questionnaire was developed and validated by experts in the field of Corporate Education, and the survey link was made available on the Qualtrics platform to those involved or interested in the topic. Interviews were also conducted with executives from CUs of large Brazilian organizations during the pandemic period. The questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, as well as content analysis of the interviews. As a result, the main actions taken by CUs focused on the qualification of their instructors, leaders, and professionals. There was an increase in investments by CUs, with an emphasis on the adoption of digital technologies, accompanied by actions aimed at engagement, motivation, and emotional well-being. The main trends for the post-COVID-19 period point to the expansion of short-term hybrid courses and changes in business models to adapt to the new challenges generated by the pandemic. One of the main consequences of the pandemic is the considerable recognition, by employees of organizations, users, and leaders of CUs, of the importance of social and humanities approaches adopted by them. Furthermore, it is understood that the relevant role of CUs tends to be reinforced based on the increasing value of the notion of sustainability in their courses and managerial training practices aimed at the sustainable development of organizations and society.
... We used a literal replication logic to ensure external validity, i.e., we selected cases with a similar contextual background (Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2018). The cases met the following criteria. ...
... Another part of the questionnaire contained more specific questions about digital culture. To ensure internal validity, these questions built on aspects of the literature background (Eisenhardt, 1989). The interviews lasted an average of 90 minutes, and each respondent was provided with the interview questions in advance. ...
Digital innovation enables competitive advantage by seizing new digital opportunities. Therefore, it is crucial for organizations to be prepared and aligned to manage digital innovation initiatives. To create the conditions for digital innovation, companies need the capability to develop a digital corporate culture. Recent research has explored this ability in different contexts, but there is little in-depth knowledge on how organizations develop a digital culture. We conducted a multiple-case study focusing on companies’ practices for developing a digital corporate culture and thus creating the prerequisites for digital innovation. We identified six key activities that support the building of digital skills and the development of a suitable organization for digital innovation projects. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive picture of these key activities that reveals interactions, relationships, and contexts. Our results provide a better understanding of the relationship between the capability to develop a digital culture and digital innovation initiatives in organizations.
... To understand how SMT attributes can enable a personalized experience, we performed a multiple-case analysis to provide a solid basis for analytical generalization (Eisenhardt, 1989) and conducted an explanatory study to gain insights into SMT applications in the selected cases. ...
... We began with a "within-case analysis" for preliminary framework generation, followed by a "cross-case analysis" to look beyond the initial impressions and examine the evidence using multiple lenses (Eisenhardt, 1989). Following this principle, the case studies were analyzed based on the research framework depicted in Figure 1. ...
Background: This study seeks to understand how the attributes of smart technology (SMT) can be leveraged to enable personalized services and optimize unique user experiences to attract and retain customers. Based on Kang et al.’s (2020) study of SMT attributes and quality effects and Liang et al.’s (2006) study on personalized recommendation and user satisfaction, we constructed a SMT personalization model to analyze how the SMT attributes of smart functionality and smart content enable personalization in different ways and create unique customer experiences throughout the user journey. Method: Two representative payment systems were selected to depict how they integrated the strengths of personalized smart functionalities and contents to innovate their business models, optimize user experiences, and sustain business growth. Results: Based on the comparative analysis of the two payment cases, the functionality and content attributes of smart chips and omni-channel platforms were explored, and the tailored advisory and responsive support for customers both offline and online were validated. Conclusion: The life-enriching service innovations provide valuable insights for leveraging SMT for personalization. It is hoped that the SMT personalization model can be extended to other types of SMT applications and can be used as a framework for designing innovative services. Recommended Citation Shang, Shari S.C. and Chiu, Lynn S. L. (2022) "Leveraging Smart Technology for User Experience Personalization – A Comparative Case Study of Innovative Payment Systems," Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 14: Iss. 1, Article 6. DOI: 10.17705/1pais.14106 Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pajais/vol14/iss1/6
... This study adopted a qualitative research approach, utilizing a case study methodology. The objective was to deeply understand how entrepreneurial universities coordinated and developed collaborations with large-scale research infrastructures, industrial firms, and academia to add value to the economy and society (Dyer & Wilkins, 1991;Eisenhardt, 1989;Ridder, 2017;Siggelkow, 2007;Silverman, 2013;Yin, 2018). Case studies proved instrumental in theory development, gap identification, and in offering guidelines for future research (Siggelkow, 2007;Yin, 2018). ...
... Taking an abductive approach (Dubois & Gadde, 2002), a robust link to theory was established during the design of the data collection and subsequently when drawing insights from the collected data during analysis. Moreover, for a nuanced understanding, the study drew from both primary and secondary data sources (Eisenhardt, 1989) and was conducted in real-time (Miles & Huberman, 1994) during the initial stages of the organizational development around the large-scale research infrastructure. ...
This paper aimed to explore the emerging university function of collaboration and leadership in developing large-scale research infrastructure (LRI). A qualitative approach, drawing from both primary and secondary data, was employed to delve deeper into the roles and aspects of the entrepreneurial university pertinent to LRI development. The study highlighted the need for the entrepreneurial university to establish a strategic direction for collaboration and leadership in LRIs. A conceptual model was crafted that delineated the central role of the entrepreneurial university, segmenting the findings into three research elements: (i) research and education (ii) collaboration, and (iii) utilization and impact. Actor perspectives from both academia and industry were included. The findings emphasized that entrepreneurial universities had to engage more robustly with external actors to foster practical research applications. Universities were found to require a more synergistic role. The model proposed that entrepreneurial universities should classify actors not only by their viewpoint but also by their potential role in LRI. Key actors were identified as belonging to LRI and multi-academic environments, with some being directly involved, while others were indirectly or peripherally engaged. Directly involved actors, including numerous academic and industrial users, had a clear understanding of LRI utility and engagement, whereas indirectly involved ones were curious yet unsure about LRI interaction.
... 1. Multiple-case analysis (Eisenhardt, 1989;Harris & Sutton, 1986). Such methodological choice is consistent with the research aim of allowing the replicability of the results and generating theories regarding the constant elements in the relationship between the brand and the consumer self that emerge from the analysis of the considered phygital cases (Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2013). ...
... 1. Multiple-case analysis (Eisenhardt, 1989;Harris & Sutton, 1986). Such methodological choice is consistent with the research aim of allowing the replicability of the results and generating theories regarding the constant elements in the relationship between the brand and the consumer self that emerge from the analysis of the considered phygital cases (Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2013). Cases were selected based on two phygital-related variables: (a) the simultaneous usage of multiple digital technologies (e.g., apps, web, social media, mixed reality, virtual reality, and augmented reality); (b) the existence of a link between the physical and virtual dimensions through interfaces. ...
This study focuses on hybrid consumption experiences that originate from encounters between the physical and the digital realms. The aim is to analyze brand-driven phygital environments to uncover the relationship between consumers and brands that is established within hybrid consumption spaces. Given its exploratory nature, the study adopts a mixed-methods qualitative type of research design; it includes a multiple-case analysis, a diary-based survey, and a focus group, and it concentrates on five phygital projects of four Italian luxury fashion brands. The analysis reveals nine relevant building blocks of phygital brand environments (PBEs) that pertain to the direction of experience, the environmental features, and customers’ reactions. Moreover, the study provides an early interpretative framework regarding the effects that these constituents of PBEs exert on the consumer-brand relationship (CBR). The work uncovers relevant managerial implications highlighting brand-driven phygital spaces as strategic tools for luxury fashion companies to provide consumers with additional relational value that is generated through encounters between physical stores, digital technology, humans and brands.
... • Universalistic: Lincoln and Guba (1985); Maxwell (1992); Altheide and Johnson (1994); Whittemore, Chase and Mandle (2001); Tracy (2010); Miles, Huberman and Saldaña (2020) • Case study: Eisenhardt (1989); Yin (1994Yin ( /2018; Klein and Myers (1999) • Ethnography: Golden-Biddle and Locke (1993); Hess (2001) • Grounded theory: Corbin and Strauss (1990); Locke (2001); Charmaz (2006Charmaz ( /2014 ...
... Therefore, validity, as a positivistic criterion used to evaluate qualitative research, was mainly addressed in case studies, which is in line with the literature on case studies. Thus, Yin (2018) suggested logical tests, including validity and reliability, to judge the quality of a case study, and Eisenhardt (1989) underlined this by arguing that the aim is to build a testable and logically coherent theory. Nevertheless, techniques to ensure validity were also included in ethnographic studies. ...
In our project, we take part in the debate about evaluation criteria in qualitative management and organisational science (MOS) research. Since the use of quantitative research criteria to evaluate qualitative research, as well as specific theoretically derived qualitative criteria, has been criticised, we look at this topic from an empirical perspective. Based on a comprehensive analysis of 449 articles published from 2011 analyse how researchers address the issues of rigor and quality. Focusing on the most common evaluation criteria in the articles (validity and trustworthiness), our results indicate that scholars use qualitative evaluation criteria in a pragmatic way. This shows that, in contrast to the epistemological and methodological differences in theoretically derived evaluation criteria, researchers apply similar techniques to ensure validity and trustworthiness. Given that we only had access to published articles demonstrating the state of the art of using evaluation criteria, the current use of evaluation criteria during the research process remains a 'black box.' Therefore, to uncover such implicit evaluation criteria, we suggest a follow-up interview study to gain a deeper understanding of this relevant 'black box'. In doing so, we aim to explore the intentions and experiences of authors who published qualitative research in top-tier journals on the question, "How to deal with evaluation criteria in research practice as well as during the review process?". As publishing articles in leading journals is very competitive, we argue that these criteria are mainly the outcome of institutional practices, such as the review process and editorial policies. Our follow-up interview study proposes a way to shed light not only on the explicitly mentioned criteria in published articles but also on the underlying implicit criteria in-use during the research process up to publication.
... In terms of theory advancement, this approach is particularly relevant to "generate, elaborate, or test management theories" (Bluhm et al., 2011(Bluhm et al., , p. 1870. Through the use of a qualitative inquiry, findings are allowed to emerge naturally from the richness of the raw data (Lee, 1999) thus being powerful to develop theory in under-research areas (Eisenhardt andGraebner, 2007, Miles andHuberman, 2008), as in this study: NBC from NPOs perspective. ...
... Drawing on the methodology, we identify three potential research directions. First, given that this study investigated a relatively small number of cases (N=26), the findings suffer from limited generalizability (Eisenhardt, 1989), as the purpose of the qualitative approach is not to extend the results obtained from a small sample to the general population, but rather to develop an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation (Creswell and Clark, 2011). ...
While interest in nonprofit-business collaboration (NBC) has grown rapidly in the past decades, literature has underexposed the peculiarities of nonprofit organizations (NPOs), compared to the ample attention on the perspective of the firm and the implications for society. In specific, we lack clarity on how NPOs can deliberately seek collaboration with the business sector to foster their organizational viability and economic interests, in addition to their traditional focus on delivering social value and meaningfulness. This active approach has become imperative given the growing uncertainty of government funding and budgetary constraints. However, the proactive involvement in NBC is complex and risky. In this study, we address this dilemma by investigating several NPOs that are active in NBC. Based on the analysis and findings, we developed an empirical-based framework that explains the essence of NPOs' proactive engagement with the business sector. More specifically, we offer subtle theoretical and empirical investigations of various internal and external contingencies that explain the effectiveness of NPOs in establishing collaboration with firms for value creation. Moreover, we advance the current debate concerning the need to establish a clear distinction between value creation for society (conceived as the sum of benevolent benefits obtained from the collaboration) and for the partners. As such, we showed that the active-in-collaboration NPOs distinguish between different NBC values that include economic benefits (for survival), institutional development (for organizational effectiveness), and transformational for changing business practice (for the fulfillment of mission). Therefore, we shift the focus from the predominating perspectives of society and business, to consider NPOs as an active component of this relationship. Together, these findings offer a robust nonprofit-centric foundation that is necessary for NBC practice and theory development.
... Case studies form a base for developing more structured research, especially in areas of study for which existing theory is inadequate or when a fresh perspective is needed. (Eisenhardt, 1989) Where the case study shines is in the speci^ic, not the general. A speci^ic case is chosen, the researcher comes to know it thoroughly, the aim being to describe what it is, what it does, and how it works. ...
Case studies allow for in-depth, data-rich explorations of a single participant in their real-life settings. The value of the case study was once well recognised in health and medical research but was supplanted by research higher in the hierarchy of best evidence. However, case studies are still written, so what is a case study, why would one go to the effort of writing one, and what is worth reporting? This paper aims to provide insights into why anyone would still write a case study, what they are useful for, and what makes a good case study.
... Case studies are helpful for developing theory, illustrating empirical evidence, identifying gaps, and providing guidelines for future research (Eisenhardt, 1989;Dyer and Wilkins, 1991;Siggelkow, 2007;Silverman, 2013;Ridder, 2017;Yin, 2018). Case studies are a popular research method and they analyse specific issues within the boundaries of a particular environment, situation, or organisation. ...
This study focuses on the scale-up issue, which is crucial for numerous countries. The reason for policies in firms that want and have the opportunity to scale up their business is that these firms have a large potential to create job opportunities and economic development compared to investment in startups without any growth ambitions. The overall objective is therefore to study policies to facilitate technology-based firms' scaling up. As a consequence of earlier research on high-growth firms, little attention has been paid to surviving and stable firms that may want to scale up. This study design comprises three main empirical areas: financial support, framwork conditions and innovation systems. The first contribution of this study is that it is an empirical description of policies at the country level to support technology-based firms. The study also develops a conceptual model for evaluating policies to promote technology-based firms. The model consists of three dimensions: perspectives/actors, analysis, and evaluation. The results provide insights into (i) how policymakers can better examine crucial links between the scaleup populations and demand side policies and (ii) how policymakers can better comprehend the linkages between the three dimensions to evaluate policies.
... Para dar resposta ao objetivo de investigação, é utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa através do método do estudo de caso. O uso do método do estudo de caso é considerado adequado uma vez que permite a análise em detalhe, dentro do seu próprio contexto de uma realidade complexa (Eisenhardt, 1989;Ghauri, Gronhaugh & Kristianslund, 1995;Yin, 2013). Este método revela-se ainda adequado tendo em conta a natureza exploratória da investigação (Doz, 2011). ...
La aparición de nuevos desafíos en las sociedades modernas ha creado en las organizaciones sociales la necesidad de crear nuevos modelos de respuesta, incluyendo el sector cooperativo. A través del método de estudio de caso, este artículo pretende demonstrar la aplicación de un comportamiento socialmente emprendedor a la resolución de un problema social concreto identificado en la comunidad, cuya repuesta presenta la forma jurídica de cooperativa. Además, pretende demonstrar la relevancia que un enfoque socialmente empresarial es capaz de tener en la capacidad de creación de valor para la comunidade. La análisis del estudio de caso ha permitido identificar presencia de elementos de comportamiento empresarial, como la innovación, la proactividad, la asunción de riesgos, la autonomía y la competitividad agresiva, que resultan relevantes para el diseño e implementación de una respuesta del sector cooperativo con impacto social sostenible. Recibido: 5 mayo 2023Aceptado: 8 junio 2023
... Following a casebased approach, we contribute in-depth insights based on the VSM perspective to the limited empirical research. We follow established recommendations and guidelines for theorygenerating case studies (Eisenhardt, 1989) and qualitative data collection and analysis (Miles et al., 2014). We chose a consultancy as a revelatory case (Dub e and Par e, 2003) since they have been identified as the epitome of knowledge-based organizations (Anand et al., 2007, p. 407). ...
Purpose
Based on an exploratory case-based approach, the purpose of this paper is to open the KM black box and examine the relationships that link knowledge management (KM) inputs (i.e. knowledge resources and KM practices) via knowledge processes to KM performance. This paper aims to identify the underlying mechanisms and explain how KM performance is enabled.
Design/methodology/approach
This in-depth case study conducted at a medium-sized consultancy in the supply chain management industry empirically examines knowledge flows to uncover the relationships between KM inputs, knowledge processes and KM performance. We adopt the viable system model (VSM) as a theoretical lens to identify KM mechanisms.
Findings
By identifying six KM mechanisms, we contribute to the theoretical understanding of how KM inputs are interconnected and lead to KM performance via knowledge processes.
Originality/value
Based on the insights gained, we provide propositions that organizations should consider in designing viable KM. Our findings help organizations in understanding their KM with the help of knowledge flow analysis and identifying how critical KM elements are interconnected.
... Comúnmente se selecciona una muestra teórica de la población total (o unidades de análisis) sobre aquellos casos que permitan con mayor probabilidad replicar o extender la teoría emergente (Eisenhardt, 1989). Así, en el presente estudio optamos por la selección de una muestra del total de solicitudes de información contenidas en la Plataforma Nacional de Transparencia (PNT) para analizar los usuarios del grupo de abogados. ...
El presente documento analiza el caso de México en el uso de las solicitudes de información por parte de periodistas y abogados. Los resultados muestran que ellos son los principales impulsores de la legislación de acceso a la información en el mundo, y por tanto entre sus principales usuarios, no obstante, con distintos resultados, pues mientras la práctica periodística se muestra más afinada y con una mayor tasa de éxito a pesar de la politización de sus solicitudes; el grupo de abogados muestra un uso más limitado al ámbito local, con una menor tasa de éxito debido a que algunos documentos solicitados pertenecen a la categoría de datos personales y requieren ejercer dicha vía procesal, para esto se presentan algunas recomendaciones.
... To research these issues, the authors developed a series of case studies of innovative social enterprises founded in Northeast England based on interviews and documents (Eisenhardt, 1989(Eisenhardt, , 2021Yin 2009Yin , 2013. After an exhaustive search, 38 social enterprises were identified which had annual revenues in excess of £1 million out of a population of 7,200 third sector organisations (Chapman, 2020). ...
... In this study, we employed the case study method that centers on understanding the dynamics presented in units of analysis-namely the case-within a single setting (Eisenhardt, 1989). Focusing on Chinese students as the majority group (the case), we explored their acculturation and enculturation and related influential factors on an internationalized SFCU campus. ...
With the growing internationalization of higher education (HE) and mobility of students worldwide, campuses have become more multicultural, facilitating diverse cultural encounters and challenges for the majority student group. This study explored their acculturation and en-culturation domains, and the factors that influence them in the internationalized HE field. Our qualitative method included the collection and analysis of documents and interviews with 60 students and 11 staff members at a Sino-foreign cooperative university in China, representing a typical hybrid global HE field with high-level internationalization. Our findings showed that most Chinese students possess different cognitive, behavioral, and affective or value domains during academic, social, and ethnic acculturation and enculturation. Moreover, the internationalization logic of the institution and important actors, including international staff and co-national peers, impacts the acculturation and enculturation of the majority student group. Our findings have practical implications for academics, HE institution administrators, and policymakers in facilitating students' acculturation and enculturation.
... we apply an open coding approach (Charmaz, 2014) to classify randomly sampled comments in inconsistent cases. To discover as complete of a list of reasons as possible, we strive for theoretical saturation (Eisenhardt, 1989) to achieve analytical generalization. Similar to the prior work , we initially set our saturation criterion to 50. ...
Open source software development has become more social and collaborative, evident GitHub. Since 2016, GitHub started to support more informal methods such as emoji reactions, with the goal to reduce commenting noise when reviewing any code changes to a repository. From a code review context, the extent to which emoji reactions facilitate a more efficient review process is unknown. We conduct an empirical study to mine 1,850 active repositories across seven popular languages to analyze 365,811 Pull Requests (PRs) for their emoji reactions against the review time, first-time contributors, comment intentions, and the consistency of the sentiments. Answering these four research perspectives, we first find that the number of emoji reactions has a significant correlation with the review time. Second, our results show that a PR submitted by a first-time contributor is less likely to receive emoji reactions. Third, the results reveal that the comments with an intention of information giving, are more likely to receive an emoji reaction. Fourth, we observe that only a small proportion of sentiments are not consistent between comments and emoji reactions, i.e., with 11.8% of instances being identified. In these cases, the prevalent reason is when reviewers cheer up authors that admit to a mistake, i.e., acknowledge a mistake. Apart from reducing commenting noise, our work suggests that emoji reactions play a positive role in facilitating collaborative communication during the review process.
... Muller (2009) notes that the theory helps in addressing probable conflicts between managers and project owners. Further, the theory helps to address the project managers authority level and it is associated to managers risk attitude and decision making (Eisenhardt, 1989). This theory explains the manner in which the short-term goals of the principal can be achieved by developing systems for monitoring and controlling that govern the behaviour of project managers. ...
... With an aim to explore the phenomenon of triple helix actor interaction and also to understand the importance of networks, the authors opted to use the case study method as a case study can illustrate an in-depth complex phenomenon embedded in real-life (Eisenhardt, 1989). Methodologically, a single embedded case study design approach is used as the T-Hub can be seen as an extreme or unique case (Yin, 2017) of triple helix collaboration, where three leading academic institutions of India along with the industry actors and government have come together for furthering the cause of innovation for prospective economic growth. ...
At a theoretical level, the triple helix model has been developed and understood by scholars for the last two decades. The interdependence and the interplay among the government – academia-industry, both at a theoretical as well as empirical level is well established. Researchers have focused on different stages of the triple helix model, wherein the first stage is denoted as the statist model. This paper tries to understand and express the application of the Triple Helix Model in the case of T-Hub, an incubator in India and its success due to its interplay with universities. An embedded single case study approach has been used to understand the interaction between local government, academic institutions, and the industry. The case shows the strategic application of the Triple Helix Model for encouraging entrepreneurial activity at Hyderabad by the Government of Telangana for optimum results by bringing together universities, industry, and the state apparatus.
... In the first stage, the research design and question are defined (Eisenhardt, 1989). In the second stage, a transparent and rigorous methodology is used to validate the case studies (Massaro, Dumay, et al., 2019). ...
Drones can play a significant role in the paradigm shift desired by several international entities. Although many attempts to transport through the technology have encountered regulatory barriers, drones represent disruptive mobility that can foster social and environmental sustainability. For the successful implementation of this new mobility model, the support of several stakeholders is critical. In this regard, the paper applies the theoretical lens of stakeholder theory embedded within the business 4.0 model for the creation of value propositions. Through several semi-structured interviews, the research analyses findings related to a single case study concerning the unique location of Venice, Italy. The city emerges as having international interest because of its singular transportation system. Specifically, Flying Aid, a start-up venture of the Strategy Innovation ecosystem of the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, uses drones to transport drugs to remote areas to promote therapeutic access for patients with chronic diseases and transportation difficulties. The paper contributes to understanding how a paradigm shift through drone transportation may improve patient engagement and overcome transportation barriers. It also expands stakeholder engagement by empowering healthcare providers and promoting knowledge translation and systems integration. Moreover, the research contributes to the investigation of environmental and social sustainability by advancing knowledge toward cleaner production and decarbonized mobility. Finally, the paper provides insights into the elements of the business model 4.0, facilitating value creation for stakeholders.
... An advantage is the ability to gain thorough knowledge on the research topic of interest (Eriksson & Kovalainen, 2015;Farber, 2006;Yin, 2014). The goal of the investigation determines the number of cases to investigate for a multiple-case study and adding a case must prove useful in terms of data saturation (Eisenhardt, 1989;Eriksson & Kovalainen, 2015). Aligning with the research aim, we used the critical case sampling technique in 24 international nonprofit organizations. ...
The ways in which a common understanding of environmental challenges is established among nonprofit leaders are not clearly presented in the literature, despite the importance of such understanding as an antecedent of organizational
resilience. In response to this research gap, this paper seeks to identify how such an alignment is facilitated. We use a qualitative research approach and investigate seven international nonprofit organizations whose leadership is aligned on environmental challenges. The data collection is twofold. First, leaders of these organizations, being the board chair, one board member, and the managerial executive, respond to closed and open-ended survey questions. Second, we
analyze organizational documents of the participating nonprofits. This includes for example their bylaws, codes of conduct, and strategic plans. Our results indicate that transparency, clarity, flexibility, and quality relationships among the leadership are key interaction characteristics associated with leadership alignment. Good board chair leadership and board gender balance are crucial personal characteristics. The present paper provides insights to academics as well as practitioners who aim to enhance cohesion of their leadership’s understanding of environmental challenges.
... The research strategy used was the multiple case study (Yin 2015) that allowed us to analyze, in depth, the challenges faced by the HEIs investigated, as well as the facilitating elements to mitigate such challenges. The selection criteria of the cases here analyzed were non-random, intentional, and due to accessibility (Eisenhardt 1989). In addition, HEIs that had management courses at an undergraduate level and declared ES' practices were selected. ...
Implementing education for sustainability demands higher education institutions to overcome various challenges, such as understanding the concept of sustainability, training change agents, curricular changes, among others. In this scenario, partnerships show themselves as important facilitating elements to mitigate such challenges. Thus, this study seeks to assess, empirically, a conceptual model regarding partnerships being used as facilitating elements to overcome challenges faced by higher education institutions during education for sustainability’s implementation. To do so, a qualitative research, of a descriptive nature and that used a multicase study as a research strategy was carried out with six Brazilian higher education institutions. The results showed that partnerships are used to minimize challenges related to the identification on higher education institutions’ stakeholders’ demands, to the formalization and institutionalization of sustainability and education for sustainability and to changes in the curricula and teaching methodologies. It was also possible to observe that the challenges faced by higher education institutions can be grouped in five fronts, as recommended in the framework available in the literature and assessed in this research for its validation.
... This research is a desktop study that is based on reading materials and familiarization with previous research on the topic (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011). The material for this study is collected from scientific literature, recommendations, guidelines, and other authority publications to provide a varied source of data (Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2009). In content analysis, the researcher "analyses the narrative, temporal, and dramatic structures of a text, forsaking the rigor of counting, for a close, interpretive reading of the subject matter at hand" (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011, p.358). ...
Recent scientific approaches and practical work-life developments aim to increase actor engagement to form expert communities. Solving common issues motivates stakeholders to collaborate and build trust to enable the co-creation of knowledge. This research is based on reading materials to understand how the engagement of actors in expert communities becomes viewed. The purpose of research-based development is to include actors in co-creation contexts. Gap analysis can be used to aid the planning of training implementation. Development processes are continuous and cyclical in nature. An open mind for change and a desire to learn are key to building competence. A plan for implementing development measures can help select learning methods that promote knowledge sharing and searching for new information. Measuring and evaluating learning can provide valuable feedback, which is needed to identify critical competencies and competence risks, and to promote the creation of a culture of learning.
... An effective approach for determining the underlying mechanisms of complex phenomena or systems is multi-case analysis [65][66][67][68]. This approach allows researchers to comprehend the theoretical underpinnings of novel events or phenomena. ...
Refactoring has emerged as a predominant approach to augmenting software product quality. However, empirical evidence suggests that not all dimensions of software quality experience unending enhancements through refactoring. Current scholarly explorations reveal significant variances in the impacts of diverse refactoring methods, with potential adverse effects and contradictions surfacing concerning software quality. Consequently, such disparities render the advantages of refactoring contentious, culminating in challenges for software developers in the selection of optimal refactoring methods to ameliorate software quality. Existing literature lacks an in-depth exploration of the reasons behind the contrasting impacts of refactoring methods on quality enhancement or the development of refined protocols for employing these techniques. Therefore, this research aims to explore, identify, and fine-tune the utilization mechanisms of refactoring methods, empowering software developers to make informed choices for the enhancement of object-oriented systems’ quality attributes. Ten commonly employed refactoring methods were singled out for this investigation, each executed independently across five case studies varying in scale (small, medium, and large). The Quality Model for Object-Oriented Design (QMOOD) was employed as the evaluation tool to ascertain the influence of refactoring techniques on quality attributes. The research outcomes denote that the multifarious impacts of refactoring methods on quality attributes are attributed to distinct usage mechanisms of the techniques. These insights assist software practitioners in discerning the optimal utilization of refactoring methods to ameliorate software quality, taking their mechanisms into account. Moreover, these outcomes furnish industry experts with prescriptive guidelines for employing refactoring methods to elevate the quality of object-oriented systems, predicated on the suitable mechanism.
... First, we derived descriptive statements about the research process in each case, with an emphasis on concerns related to social inclusion. We compared these statements across cases, "to confirm or disconfirm the inferences drawn from previous ones" (Eisenhardt & Bourgeois, 1988, p.818) in a cumulative fashion (Eisenhardt, 1989;1991). The resulting, generic versions of descriptive statements were interpreted in light of prior work related to social inclusion (e.g., self-determination, belongingness, and social capital), and design-oriented approaches (e.g., participatory design and action design research). ...
We develop principles that facilitate socially inclusive design-oriented research with marginalized groups. Building on the recognition that the research process must be informed by theoretical perspectives about social inclusion, our effort begins with an empirical investigation of a multiyear research project that designed several IT-based solutions for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. We treat the efforts to design each solution as a “case,” capture primary data from multiple sources, and analyze it in light of three facets of social inclusion drawn from prior work: self-determination, belongingness, and social capital. The findings are interpreted to derive five principles for a socially inclusive design-oriented research process: (1) respecting multiperspective problem ownership and integrated solution design, (2) surfacing emic contributions to guide artifact design, (3) leveraging the support network to shape artifact design and refine research conduct, (4) customizing design-evaluate cycles with inclusive practices, and (5) pursuing authenticity in research collaborations. We elaborate each principle with connections to different facets of social inclusion, guidelines suggested by our empirical investigation, and a mapping against contemporary design-oriented research approaches. The five principles suggest key directions to facilitate a socially inclusive design-oriented research process when working with marginalized groups. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for IS scholars, and pointers for using design-oriented approaches for greater social inclusion of marginalized populations.
... This study focuses on the fast growing, highly innovative and internationalized Polish companies, i.e. having headquarters in Poland. Due to the aim of the research, i.e. gathering the qualitative information about internationalization strategies of the Polish fast growing firms, a qualitative multiple case study analysis was applied which, according to Yin [2003], is the most suitable research method for theory testing, as well as for potential theory development [Eisenhardt 1989;Merriam 1998]. Moreover, a case study research provides very often useful in-depth findings, giving good understanding of the behaviour of firms [Reiner et al. 2008]. ...
This paper presents internationalization strategies of Polish enterprises gathered in a qualitative empirical study. It describes internationalization motives, entry and competing strategies of Polish fast growing firms on international markets. The presented research results are important for three reasons. Firstly, as the paper represents one of the first qualitative studies of internationalization strategies of Polish fast growing enterprises. Secondly, it provides an update of the knowledge about current internationalization strategies of Polish firms which (as research results show) changed over time. Thirdly, the results of this research show directly the field where the state aid would be required in the internationalizing process of Polish companies, which may be useful for the government when considering a relevant policy. (original abstract)
... The study adopted the approach of building theory from Case Study Research (Eisenhardt, 1989;Hancock, Algozzine, and Lim,2021). ...
This paper presents the application of a framework for identifying risks in the Ultrasonic Testing of critical parts. This topic is significant because failing to inspect critical parts with UT in the industry correctly may lead to operational failure. Catastrophic accidents can happen if risks are not identified and responses are not provided. In the European Congress for Reliability and Safety held in 2022 in Dublin, a framework proposal was presented based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). This study complements the proposal presented in ESREL 2022, focusing on applying the framework. As a methodological approach, a survey was prepared to elicit experts’ probabilities. These were uploaded into BBN software to combine the risk factors contributing to an inspection failure. AHP was used to define to prioritize the impact of risk categories. The combination of probability and impact identified the most significant risk categories. As a result, the method revealed the most significant risk factors in UT. The conclusion is that the model proved adequate to reduce the risk of hardware failure significantly. As a contribution, the proposed method is an invaluable source of information for
safety engineers and decision-makers in companies. It can be generalized to other industries and fields of work that wear UT.
Find this paper in this link:
https://www.rpsonline.com.sg/proceedings/esrel2022/html/toc.html
... The purpose of this research in a nascent field is exploration and theory building (Eisenhardt et al., 2016). In the field of qualitative research, Langley and Abdallah (2011) describe the epistemological differences between two classic methods of data analysis: the Gioia method of analysis (Gioia, 2004;Gioia et al., 2013) and the multiple case study method (Eisenhardt, 1989). After considering the advantages and limitations of both approaches, an attempt is made in this paper to enhance the integration of the study of reference concepts and emergent elements from the empirical material, applying a systematic combining approach between theoretical discussion and collected empirical evidence Gadde, 2002, 2014). ...
Purpose
This paper examines the relationship between marketing automation emergence and the marketers' use of heuristics in their decision-making processes. Heuristics play a role for the integration of human decision-making models and automation in augmentation processes, particularly in marketing where automation is widespread.
Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes qualitative data about the impact of marketing automation on the scope of heuristics in decision-making models, and it is based on evidence collected from interviews with twenty-two experienced marketers.
Findings
Marketers make extensive use of heuristics to manage their tasks. While the adoption of new automatic marketing tools modify the task environment and field of use of traditional decision-making models, the adoption of heuristics rules with a different scope is essential to defining inputs, interpreting/evaluating outputs and control the marketing automation system.
Originality/value
The paper makes a contribution to research on the relationship between marketing automation and decision-making models. In particular, it proposes the results of in-depth interviews with senior decision makers to assess the impact of marketing automation on the scope of heuristics as decision-making models adopted by marketers.
... Data for this study were collected from (1) participant observation; (2) interviews at different stages; and (3) documents such as internal files, meeting minutes, and summative materials ( Figure 2). Triangulation of data sources provides more accurate information, helps construct insightful theories, and improves the robustness of the resulting theories (Eisenhardt, 1989). ...
The transition from projects to operations requires a spanning from more temporary, goal-oriented, and evolving organizational forms to more permanent , routine, and ongoing organizational forms. A question of practical and theoretical significance is how to organize the transition to operations in large inter-organizational projects. To answer this question, we conducted a longitudinal case study of Beijing Daxing International Airport, which is the largest transportation hub in China to date, and provides rich evidence for successfully managing the transition to operations. By analyzing the organizational design strategy, structures, processes, and management of people in the transition, we provide a synthetic framework for designing the transition to operations in large inter-organizational projects. The framework provides a set of considerations to design organizational boundaries that build connections , emphasize coordination, and achieve continuity between projects and operations. This study contributes to the nexus of operations management and project management and the organizational design of large inter-organizational projects. K E Y W O R D S large infrastructure projects, organizational design, owners and operators, project transitions, temporary-permanent organizing Highlights • The transition should be designed to achieve continuity between projects and operations, emphasizing coordination, information exchange, and reconciling temporary and permanent organizational forms. • Ad hoc integrated organizations should be designed to manage transitions, emphasizing concurrent leadership, and job rotation in temporary (project) and permanent (operations) organizations.
... The main problem in dataanalysis is to distance yourself from all the detailed insights that a case study provides (Eisenhardt 1989). The interpretation phase includes look for tendencies in data, looking for patterns and themes and organizing the data into conceptual categories. ...
This thesis looks more closely at connectivity in the biotechnology sector, and will pursue to answer three research questions:
1 “How did the early firm development occur?”
2 “How well connected are the firms?”
3 “What are the specific dimensions of connectivity?”
The thesis takes a multidimensional view in the analysis, as it looks both at the sectoral and national innovation system, and then goes more deeply into specific innovation processes, using case studies, where the collaboration of relevant
actors are forming new networks. The main theoretical perspectives used are the sectoral system of innovation approach and the technological systems approach, combined with a dynamic capability view. The case regions (Leipzig, Boston and Oslo) are found to vary a lot in terms of its mix of actors, networks and institutions. The three case firms are located one in each region, respectively, and analysed
based on the firms’ connectedness to the system. A framework for understanding boundary spanning work and micro-systems is introduced.
... The method employed is qualitative research with a case study approach. The selection of the case study research method is intended as a research strategy that focuses on understanding the dynamics present in a single setting (Eisenhardt, 1989;Kim et al., 2017). This is in line with the concept of this research. ...
This study explores the practices of Critical Language Awareness (CLA) in Arabic language pedagogy among pre-service Arabic language teachers in teacher education institutions in Indonesia and Malaysia. This is based on the fact that both Indonesia and Malaysia have an official curriculum for Arabic at the school level. This curriculum sets learning objectives, competency standards, and learning materials that must be included in teaching Arabic. The research adopts a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data collection involves participants consisting of students and lecturers from two teacher education institutions in Indonesia and Malaysia, totalling 125 participants, with a breakdown of 100 students and 25 lecturers. Data is collected through observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The data analysis reveals that CLA helps students understand Arabic in a broader context, while effective pedagogy enables interactive, relevant, and diverse teaching of the Arabic language. Combining CLA and effective pedagogy helps students develop a deeper understanding, strong language skills, and higher awareness of Arabic and culture. CLA expands students' understanding of Arabic within its social, political, historical, and cultural contexts. Effective pedagogy in Arabic language learning integrates CLA with diverse, relevant teaching methods that cater to students' needs. Combining CLA and effective pedagogy helps students develop a profound understanding, strong language skills, and intercultural awareness of Arabic and culture.
... O método indutivo foi utilizado para analisar o modelo de IBTs que melhor se ajusta aos APLs do município de Porto Velho, combinando o contexto da Amazônia Legal Brasileira às empresas que têm perfil para ser incubadas, e definindo quais projetos têm viabilidade para desenvolver a produção local. A abordagem metodológica é mista (quali-quanti), segundo Gomes e Araújo(2005), de tipologia exploratóriaMattar (2005), com estratégia de pesquisa de estudo de caso, como proposto porEisenhardt (1989) e Yin (2001). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de documentos de órgãos governamentais, reguladores, de apoio a pequenas e médias empresas, e da indústria. ...
Este estudo apresenta um Modelo de Estruturação de Incubadora Tecnológica em face aos Arranjos Produtivos Locais. Utilizam-se a Teoria da Contingência e a Teoria de Sistemas para a análise de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) e Incubadoras de Base Tecnológica (IBTs). Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: identificar o perfil de IBTs no contexto pesquisado (i); identificar os APLs (ii); e construir um modelo de IBT em face aos APLs (iii). A estratégia metodológica de estudo de caso com Focus Group (gestores públicos, professores e pesquisadores) destaca que o perfil das IBTs no município pesquisado se orienta para as inovações do setor de fruticultura e, ainda, que tal município suporta o desenvolvimento de organizações de promoção aos avanços tecnológicos; porém, é necessário ponderar a estruturação do APL como fator determinante para a criação de IBTs.
... Also, Eisenhardt (1989) stated that a case study is a research strategy that focuses on understanding the dynamics present within single settings. He also mentioned that the case study research project might consist of single or multiple case studies with different levels of analysis, combining data collection methods, such as archiving, observation, ...
A growing population and strong economic growth have caused the city of Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, to develop horizontally and vertically to provide more housing units for the local community. Many multi-storey residential buildings (MSRB) have been built by either the private or public sector to meet this need. This development has indirectly affected the Sudanese culture and lifestyle that was associated with courtyard houses.
This study examines the reflection of visual privacy and Sudanese culture in the modern design of MSRBs and explores techniques to improve visual privacy and comfort in low-rise apartments, focusing on the importance of providing balcony space. Therefore, a mixed-method research technique has been used. Six case study samples were chosen from among apartment villas and apartment buildings to explore the level of visual privacy and understand the design parameters that enhance the social and thermal roles of the balcony in terms of Sudanese culture and climate. The case study analyzed privacy zones, unit layout, balcony design, and relationship between inner spaces and entrances to understand the variables of visual privacy that affect occupants' comfort. A questionnaire survey was also distributed to MSRB residents living in Khartoum to research the importance of balcony provision and the use of balcony gardens in improving visual, psychological, and thermal comfort. The questionnaire was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings indicated a significant relationship between unit layout and visual privacy, as when there were more privacy zones in the unit layout, the privacy level increased too.
The consideration and design of visual privacy in apartments in Khartoum differ from that in courtyard houses in the layout and use of spaces. Unfortunately, the modern design of apartment units only partially reflects the principles of Islam and Sudanese culture in terms of visual privacy and gender separation between family and guests. The findings indicate the importance of balcony as a type of yard and as well as the role of the balcony as a transmission layer of air temperature between the inner space and the outer local climate.
... Combining top-down theorizing and inductive theory building, our main theoretical approach rests on combining top-down theorizing (Lee et al., 1999;Shepherd and Sutcliffe, 2011) and inductive theory building (Eisenhardt, 1989;Ridder et al., 2014) to explore our research question. Combining top-down theorizing and inductive theory building is more appropriate when a phenomenon is not comprehensively understood and there is little or no built theory that explains the emerging relationships between relevant concepts and the mechanisms through which these relationships operate (Christensen and Raynor, 2003). ...
We develop a conceptual framework to examine the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and its associated technologies on five dimensions of management education. Through the analysis of the mission statement of 785 educational technology startups, we identify five mechanisms through which AI may benefit and transform the field of management education in a post-COVID-19 world. Our research is one of the first to propose a global and comprehensive framework to advance our understanding of the impact of a disruptive technology on the traditional and immutable field of higher-education, and more particularly on management education.
This work reveals movement in infrastructure development through an anomaly in the global payment infrastructure. The anomaly is that while the global payment infrastructure develops without precedent, the infrastructure takes time to develop and does not easily leave anything behind. Based on abduction, the research builds a data corpus of past, present, and future global payment infrastructure, 1973–2030, including accounts of global payment organisations, historical reports, and narrative interviews. By juxtaposing these data with studies on infrastructure and following the work of Heidegger and Bateson, the research reveals movement through what the author terms infrastructural ways.
This research looked at the factors influencing undergraduate English language students' attitudes toward the study of literature in order to better understand how to teach literature in ESL classes. All university undergraduate English students made up the study's population. For the quantitative parts of the study, a simple random sampling procedure was used to pick 10 undergraduate students from each of the year groups, yielding a total of 40 respondents. Eight students from the population and two university language teachers were chosen for the study's quantitative component. As the research tools, a Likert-type questionnaire and an interview were used to collect data in both qualitative and quantitative ways. The researcher validated the instrument's face and content to make sure it meets the necessary standards for accuracy, appropriateness, and completeness. The results showed that the majority of the University's undergraduate students had a bad opinion of the study of literature. This was a result of their familial history, issues relating to teaching or teachers, or preexisting school-related circumstances. The majority of the students had a bad opinion of studying literature as a result of the aforementioned problems. Numerous students did not use the SHS libraries, according to the data. It was also discovered that many students disliked their literature classes since they thought the topic was tough. The results also showed that students' attitudes about the study of literature had an impact on how well their English language skills developed.
Digital technologies have a recognised potential to build more efficient, credible, and innovative public institutions in Latin America. Despite progress, digital transformation in Latin American governments remains limited. In this work, we explore a peculiar yet largely understudied opportunity in the region: pursuing digital government transformation as a collaborative process between the government and civil society organisations. To do so, we draw from information systems research on digital government and platforms for development, complemented with governance theory from political science and conduct an interpretive in‐depth case study of an urban reporting platform in Montevideo called ‘Por Mi Barrio’. The study reveals three mutually reinforced orders of governance in the trajectory of the project and explain how the collaboration unfolded over time: (i) a technical decision to use open platform architectures; (ii) the negotiation of formal and informal rules to make the project thrive and (iii) a shared, long‐term ideology around the value of open technologies and technical sovereignty grounded in years of political history. Using a contextual explanation approach, our study helps to improve our understanding on the governance of collaborative digital government platforms in Latin America, with specific contributions to practice.
A conceptual framework on application of 5G and edge computing in developing supply chain resilience
In Egypt, the creation and usage of private Facebook groups for women-only is vastly popular. Despite scholarship on women’s social media use, research examining the emergence of online women communities, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa region, is scarce. This article draws upon a case study of five popular Facebook groups for women-only, which includes data collected from observation of the Facebook groups’ features, twelve semi-structured face-to-face with Facebook group creators and members, and archival content. It uses the conceptual framework of Affordances to account for the mutual influence of the Facebook groups’ structure, their users’ perceptions, and their social context to understand why and how Facebook group creators and members use these Facebook groups. Results show that Facebook group creators and members perceive Facebook groups as safe spaces to express their personal and social distresses due to their privacy and exclusivity to women. These collective experiences have led to the manifestation of these Facebook groups as self-care spaces where FB group creators provide their members with information and entertainment to improve their health and well-being. Concurrently, FB group creators embarked on entrepreneurial practices by collaborating with brands and entities to provide these services.
Abstract
Business organizations achieve success and a competitive edge over their competitors through their ability to survive, adapt, and respond quickly to the changes in the rapid and volatile work environment. Such organizations achieve the benefits that ensure their competence by satisfying the customer's wants and needs. This urged the business organizations to search for unconventional management strategies and philosophies to face the new challenges and rapid developments. Among those strategies was decision-making speed, including strategic decision-making speed.
For the purpose of achieving the main objectives of the study including the identification of the advantages achieved by the telecommunications companies through utilizing of the impacts of a range of environmental, organizational, and behavior factors in strategic decision-making speed and to attempt to answer to the questions raised in the problem statement of the study, a hypothetical model that determines the nature of the relationship was designed. The model identifies the relationships between the investigated variables including the environmental, organizational and behavior factors that influence strategic decision making speed (as the independent variable), their impact on the advantages (as the dependent variable ), and the existence of speed in strategic decision- making (as mediator) . Six main hypotheses and subsets of hypotheses emerged identifying the form and nature of the relations between the variables of the study.
Two companies (AsiaCell and Korek Telecom for mobile communications) have been selected for the field study as the sample of two companies that operate in the mobile telecommunications sector in Iraq. The study was applied to a sample of managers working in the main headquarters of the two companies in the province of Sulaymaniyah and Erbil and totaling (57) manager, (27 in Asiacell and 30 in Korek Telecom). The managers included in the study were the general manager, a number of board members, and the department managers) whom which the researcher conducted behavior interviews.
In order to test the validity of hypotheses of the study data and information on variables of the study were collected through a questionnaire form prepared for this reasons and consisting of a first part covering the (environmental factors) and a second part derived from the literature review that covered the (organizational and behavior factors), as well as a structured form of behavior interview questions (prepared by the researcher based on similar published interviews). Data were analyzed using a variety of statistical methods and the results have extracted using (SPSS. Ver. 19) package supported by the (Amos V.5) software.
According to this results, the study casting a number of conclusions, the priority of these conclusions is that the researched companies are achieved some of advantages according to effects of the environmental, organizational and behavior factors in the strategic decision making, and the discovering of significant correlation and effecting relations for the effecting factors in strategic decision making and achieved advantages in the researched companies, beside that, the difference in relativity importance for the effecting factors in strategic decision making speed in the researched companies, the results of that is the appearance of difference in the strategic decision making speed, that is leads to differences in the achieved advantages between the researched companies, and in the future researches the researchers recommending to achieved more studies in this domain.
That dominance, in any case, has gotten to be a risk. On Sunday, Solar Winds alarmed thousands of its clients that an “outside country state” had found a back entryway into its most well-known item, an instrument called Orion that makes a difference organizations screen blackouts on their computer systems and servers. The company uncovered that programmers snuck a malevolent code that gave them inaccessible get to customers’ systems into an upgrade of Orion. The hack started as early as Walk, Solar Winds conceded, giving the programmers bounty of time to get to the customers’ inside workings. The breach was not found until the unmistakable cybersecurity company FireEye, which itself employments Solar Winds, decided it had experienced a breach through the program. FireEye has not freely faulted that breach on the Solar Winds hack, but it allegedly affirmed that was the case to the tech location Krebs On Security on Tuesday. FireEye depicted the malware’s bewildering capabilities, from at first lying torpid up to two weeks, to stowed away. That was December 13, 2020. FireEye gauges programmers to begin with picked up get to in Walk 2020. For about eight months, malevolent on-screen characters carted absent untold sums of touchy information from contaminated organizations — and the total scope of the breach is still unfolding. Despite Microsoft seizing the code’s command and control server (a common component in botnet assaults as well), a few security specialists think the assailants may still have get to the Solar Winds Orion program system. Others are conjecturing that these programmers cleared out behind extra, yet-to-be-seen malevolent code.
The study's significance is that it highlights the importance of leadership styles and organization bricolage strategies in enhancing organizational competitiveness. Balancing and appropriate utilization of these strategies can lead to success in competitive markets. Organizations should adopt innovative problem-solving strategies and leadership styles leading to efficient resource utilization to improve organizational performance. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of organization bricolage and leadership models in enhancing organizational competitiveness, and its findings can guide organizations in adopting innovative approaches to problem-solving and leadership leading to efficient resource utilization and better organizational performance in competitive markets. As the global business environment becomes increasingly competitive, organizations must adopt innovative strategies to remain relevant in the market. Effective leadership and resource management are critical to achieving a competitive edge. The concept of organization bricolage, which refers to the creative and innovative use of available resources to solve problems, has emerged as a potential strategy for enhancing organizational competitiveness. Similarly, different leadership models and styles can affect organizational performance differently, demonstrating the significance of effective leadership in achieving a competitive advantage. The study's findings reveal that organization bricolage can impact organizational competitiveness by providing innovative solutions to business problems and efficient resource utilization, resulting in enhanced organizational performance. Similarly, leadership models and styles impact organizational competitiveness, as different approaches can yield different results in organizational performance. This study emphasizes the importance of balancing leadership styles and organization bricolage strategies for success in competitive markets. The study's implications are significant in guiding organizations in adopting innovative and effective leadership practices and organization bricolage strategies to enhance their competitive advantage. By leveraging available resources, organizations can improve their competitiveness and improve their performance in a rapidly changing business environment. The study highlights the potential benefits of adopting effective organization bricolage strategies and leadership models in enhancing organizational competitiveness, highlighting the need for organizations to remain innovative and adaptive.
Introducción: los servicios de alimentación como unidad productiva presentan riesgos laborales asociados a todo el proceso de transformación de la materia prima desde su recibo hasta la entrega del producto final, que deben ser identificados, prevenidos e intervenidos oportunamente. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgos ocupacionales más significativos y por tanto susceptibles de intervención en los servicios evaluados. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo de múltiples casos, a través de una entrevista semi-estructurada e inspección a cuatro servicios de alimentación empresarial por autogestión, que atendían un mínimo de 50 usuarios por servicio, en el que se evaluó la presencia de factores de riesgo ocupacional. Resultados y discusión: el personal del servicio de alimentación presenta mayor exposición a factores de riesgos biológicos, físicos, químicos y locativos por las condiciones del establecimiento, las funciones desempeñadas y los actos inseguros. Es relevante analizar en estudios posteriores los componentes de salud ocupacional de los servicios de alimentación que faciliten su caracterización y diseño de programas marco de prevención e intervención, específicamente desde la gerencia de riesgos y de servicios de alimentación y nutrición.
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