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A decentralized vehicle re-routing approach using vehicular ad-hoc networks
... As the number of vehicles on the roads has been growing dramatically, traffic congestion is inevitable, which results in a huge wasteful time and resources. Recently, a large number of researches regarding the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) have been carried out, especially to apply VANETs for solving the traffic problem, making it a challenging research topic [3], [13], [15], [18], [19], [20], [24], [25], [26], [28]. However, VANET itself has a limitation and also lack of flexibility to find the congested route and to reroute to the alternative paths. ...
... Recently, a large number of diversified researches to improve the transportation in the city have been carried out [3], [13], [15], [18], [19], [20], [24], [25], [26], [28]. In this section, the related works regarding VANET as well as traffic simulators and deep reinforcement learning for VANET are presented. ...
... In some previous works [11], [23], SUMO road networks are generated in the form of traffic grid networks, as shown in figure 2, using an application named "netgenerate". However, several works [10], [19], [25] including this one, require more realistic road networks. Therefore, it is necessary to import a digital road map, called Open Street Map (OSM), before using "netconvert" to convert it into SUMO-XML file [1], [21], which is the real-world road networks, as shown in figure 3. ...
In recent years, a new wireless network called vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), has become a popular research topic. VANET allows communication among vehicles and with roadside units by providing information to each other, such as vehicle velocity, location and direction. In general, when many vehicles likely to use the common route to proceed to the same destination, it can lead to a congested route that should be avoided. It may be better if vehicles are able to predict accurately the traffic congestion and then avoid it. Therefore, in this work, the deep reinforcement learning in VANET to enhance the ability to predict traffic congestion on the roads is proposed. Furthermore, different types of neural networks namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are investigated and compared in this deep reinforcement learning model to discover the most effective one. Our proposed method is tested by simulation. The traffic scenarios are created using traffic simulator called Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) before integrating with deep reinforcement learning model. The simulation procedures, as well as the programming used, are described in detail. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated using two metrics; the average travelling time delay and average waiting time delay of vehicles. According to the simulation results, the average travelling time delay and average waiting time delay are gradually improved over the multiple runs, since our proposed method receives feedback from the environment. In addition, the results without and with three different deep learning algorithms, i.e., CNN, MLP and LSTM are compared. It is obvious that the deep reinforcement learning model works effectively when traffic density is neither too high nor too low. In addition, it can be concluded that the effective algorithms for traffic congestion prediction models in descending order are MLP, CNN, and LSTM, respectively.
... The bus-trajectory based street-centric (BTSC) routing algorithm was proposed under the guidance of two new ideas, including path consistency probability and street consistency probability, namely, only using the major relay buses to carry messages and deliver them to the destination [155]. Proposed a mechanism to reroute vehicle in case of accident scenarios using scenarios based simulations of VANET [156]. Referring to vehicular networks in using artificial bee colony algorithm and clustering algorithm, proposed a unicast routing protocol based on quality of services [157]. ...
The Large Communication Substitution between vehicles to infrastructure (V2I) or between vehicles (V2V), called as Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), in new Tale Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are degree and stop developing for extensive traffic manage, highway safety, and driverless cars. VEINS is a simulator framework that couples OMNeT++ and SUMO, widely used for assessing performance of VANET protocols and network architectures. However, it was observed that no existing research reviewed VEINS applications, limitations, or emerging trends in a structured manner. In this paper we provide a software-oriented summary of VEINS-based VANET studies. This research adds a taxonomy-oriented classification of studies published from 2011 to 2022, focusing on IEEE Xplore, ScienceDi-rect, and Scopus categorized security, safety, and other VANET applications. It identifies some gaps, right from the scalability, and computational overhead aspect to the limited integration of the next-generation technologies like 5G, Blockchain, and AI. A well-defined article selection strategy, extensive data extraction, and a comparative analysis of published VEINS studies is followed throughout the study. Statistical analyses show a growing percentage of VEINS but also point out obstacles to its real world usage. Key Insights point to an emphasis on security and safety, with little focus on emerging technologies and real-world validations. This review adds value to the body of knowledge by (1) establishing a systematic taxonomy of VEINS-based research, (2) highlighting gaps in research and methodological limits, and (3) providing future research directions focused on VEINS scalability enhancement, real-world validation frameworks, and AI-enabled VANET optimizations. The study is expected to be a useful reference for researchers and practitioners who intend to improve VEINS-based simulations of VANETs and accelerate development in the field of ITS.
... By using buses as the major relay to deliver messages, a bus-trajectory-based street-centric (BTSC) routing algorithm was proposed by using two novel concepts, i.e., path consistency probability and the street consistency probability [91]. A vehicle rerouting mechanism was proposed for accident situations via scenario simulations of VANET [92]. A unicast routing protocol based on the quality of services was proposed by using an artificial bee colony algorithm, and clustering algorithm for vehicular networks [93]. ...
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) play an essential role in road safety through Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communications. In this paper, we offer a survey of the state-of-the-art literature about VEINS tool set which is an extraordinary vehicle and network simulation framework for VANET researchers. This paper identifies and classifies the existing research into a comprehensive taxonomy that we called Applications, Solutions and Networks so as to provide an organized survey of safety-related VEINS-based literature. This review can be used by the research community to understand where gaps exist in the literature of particular real-world applicability or integration with emerging technologies, as well as socio-economic factors associated with deployment of VEINS-based safety applications. In addition, we evaluate the VEINS framework including what it provides (e.g., better simulation accuracy), safety testing is more comprehensive as well as other technologies that are used may have like in our case 5G and AI.We also refer to its affordability, growth-ability and adaptiveness along with real-time data analytics commented the author. The constraints of VEINS are also discussed, for instance the bridge from simulation to reality, computational complexity and problems with regard to emerging technologies integration. We discuss future research directions to further enrich the potential of VEINS by incorporating Beyond-5G technologies, cutting-edge AI algorithms, blockchain (BC) for communication security and reliability, semi-virtual/hybrid simulation environments and a wider range of V2X communications. It includes case studies and applications which illustrate how general safety scenarios (e.g., collision avoidance, emergency vehicle prioritization), road hazard detection can be simulated using VEINS highlighting the importance of this approach for practicing engineers. In all, the wide-ranging review would be useful to researchers and practitioners working toward ensuring a secure and efficient vehicular network design.
... Authors in [7] proposed a decentralized approach for vehicle re-routing using vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) in the case of unexpected events such as road closures or accidents. The proposed approach aimed to reduce the overall travel time and improve the traffic flow by rerouting the vehicles in a decentralized manner using information provided by other vehicles in the network. ...
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have been developed to improve traffic flow, efficiency, and safety in transportation. Technological advancements in communication such as the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to Infrastructure (V2I) enable the real-time exchange of information between vehicles and other entities on the road network, and thus play a significant role in their safety and efficiency. This paper presents a simulation study that models V2V and V2I communication to identify the most suitable range of data transmission between vehicles and infrastructure. The provincial city of Xanthi, Greece is used as a cases study, and the goal is to evaluate whether the proposed placement of Road Side Unit (RSU) provided adequate communication coverage on the city's road network. An analysis through different scenarios identified improvements in traffic management, driving behavior and environmental conditions under different RSU coverage. The results highlight that the communication range of 400 meters is the most adequate option for optimum traffic management in the city of Xanthi.
... INTRODUCTION 4 experience, and to optimise the solutions, both vehicular traffic simulations and network layer simulations should be concurrently performed. Vehicle traffic simulators generate the necessary, realistic demand for vehicular mobility, which is then used as an input in network simulators. ...
Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) act as the core of vehicular communications and provide the fundamental wireless communication architecture to support both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Therefore, by leveraging only communication technologies, Connected Vehicles (CVs) can navigate through the dynamic road network. However, such vehicles are still in their infancy but are expected to have a significant impact on safety and mobility such as reducing non-recurrent congestion in case of a vehicle breakdown or other roadway incidents. To evaluate their impacts, this research examines the benefits of having CVs when a vehicle breakdown occurs by developing an intelligent proactive re-routing algorithm. Due to a lack of real-world data, this paper adopts an integrated simulated framework consisting of a V2X (OMNET++) communication simulator and a traffic microscopic simulator (SUMO). The developed algorithm functions such that when a vehicle is broken down within a live traffic lane, the system detects the breakdown, generates warning messages immediately and transmits them to approaching vehicles. Based on the real-time notification, informed vehicles proactively re-route to alternative roads to avoid the breakdown zone. Two scenarios were developed where a breakdown occurs within and outside a junction for both V2X-enabled and disabled systems. Results show that V2X-enabled CV re-routing mechanism can improve traffic efficiency by reducing congestion and enhance traffic safety by smoothing accelerations and decelerations of affected vehicles with low infrastructure costs. The algorithm would be useful to highway agencies (Department for Transport) and vehicle manufacturers in introducing CVs onto existing road networks.
... Comparison of simulation tools [203] Vehicle rerouting [204] Industrial control systems [205] NS-3.35 A DES simulator for internet systems primarily used in education and research licensed under the GNU GPLv2 license ...
At the current worrisome rate of global consumption, the linear economy model of producing goods, using them, and then disposing of them with no thought of the environmental, social, or economic consequences, is unsustainable and points to a deeply flawed manufacturing framework. Circular economy (CE) is presented as an alternative framework to address the management of emissions, scarcity of resources, and economic sustainability such that the resources are kept ‘in the loop’. In the context of manufacturing supply chains (SCs), the 6R’s of rethink, refuse, reduce, reuse, repair, and recycle have been proposed in line with the achievement of targeted net-zero emissions. In order to bring that about, the required changes in the framework for assessing the state of manufacturing SCs with regard to sustainability are indispensable. Verifiable and empirical model-based approaches such as modeling and simulation (M&S) techniques find pronounced use in realizing the ideal of CE. The simulation models find extensive use across various aspects of SCs, including analysis of the impacts, and support for optimal re-design and operation. Using the PRISMA framework to sift through published research, as gathered from SCOPUS, this review is based on 202 research papers spanning from 2015 to the present. This review provides an overview of the simulation tools being put to use in the context of sustainability in the manufacturing SCs, such that various aspects and contours of the collected research articles spanning from 2015 to the present, are highlighted. This article focuses on the three major simulation techniques in the literature, namely, Discrete Event Simulation (DES), Agent-Based Simulation (ABS), and System Dynamics (SD). With regards to their application in manufacturing SCs, each modeling technique has its pros and its cons which are evinced in case of data requirement, model magnification, model resolution, and environment interaction, among others. These limitations are remedied through use of hybrids wherein two or more than two modeling techniques are applied for the desired results. The article also indicates various open-source software solutions that are being employed in research and the industry. This article, in essence, has three objectives. First to present to the prospective researchers, the current state of research, the concerns that have been presented in the field of sustainability modeling, and how they have been resolved. Secondly, it serves as a comprehensive bibliography of peer-reviewed research published from 2015–2022 and, finally, indicating the limitations of the techniques with regards to sustainability assessment. The article also indicates the necessity of a new M&S framework and its prerequisites.
... Eleven papers used SUMO together with OMNeT++. Rakkesh et al. [74] use the combination of simulators to simulate an approach of vehicle re-routing from accidents. OMNeT++ captures accident information and sends it to SUMO. ...
Vehicle traffic in large cities is increasing every day. Despite the significant development of telecommunications, communication between such vehicles must still evolve to make mobility smarter. Many studies have been carried out to enable a network between vehicles and computational infras-tructures, called VANETs (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks). Within the context of VANETs, traffic lights can play an important role in exchanging information with vehicles to reduce congestion. Intelligent traffic lights aim to manage intersections in urban traffic and avoid idle roads. Several research topics have already been explored related to smart traffic control such as network latency, people safety, driver assistance, among others. However, given the variety of problems and solutions, it is complex to identify research trends and gaps related to smart traffic field without a systematic review. This paper presents a systematic review of smart traffic in the context of VANETs. The paper selection was started with 1,117 works followed with three processes of refinement wherein 115 papers were selected to thorough revision. The remaining 115 papers were cataloged and classified according to three criteria general focus, evaluation method, and communication type. The review revealed research gaps and trends in the area of smart traffic. This work provides a list of references to find the mapped papers, thus being able to guide more reliable research studies. Besides, we identify research challenges and directions based on the set of papers that were studied. The research challenges are presented according to the main topics explored in this systematic review: security, physical safety of people and protocols.
Recent developments in communication technologies, hardware and software are facilitating the implementation of different types of intelligent networks in various environments. One such network is the Internet-connected vehicles network. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has recently become an active area of standardization, development and research, because it has shown to improve vehicle usage, traffic efficiency, road safety, as well as drivers’ and passengers’ comfort. As vehicles are becoming more connected and smarter, they are also becoming more reliant on software built with open source software (OSS). The deployment of OSS in the IoV field is, however, erratic and does not follow a clear approach. This study overviews the different applications in IoV as well as the existing and available open source software, in order to represent the current state of how this software paradigm is being used in IoV. This study also outlines challenges that remain to be addressed if we are to facilitate the widespread deployment and prevalent implementation of open source in IoV. Finally, this study explores some potential opportunities within IoV open source software for developing different IoV applications.
The future exploitation of cooperative vehicular services in urban environments, generally characterized by challenging propagation conditions, will require an efficient deployment of roadside units. This article presents the results of an extensive field testing campaign aimed at analyzing the impact of urban characteristics, RSU deployment conditions, and communication settings on the quality of IEEE 802.11p vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. The reported results show that the streets¿ layout, urban environment, traffic density, presence of heavy vehicles, trees, and terrain elevation have an effect on V2I communications, and should be taken into account to adequately deploy and configure urban RSUs.
Microsimulation is becoming increasingly important in traffic demand modeling. The major advantage over traditional four-step models is the ability to simulate each traveler individually. Decision-making processes can be included for each individual. Traffic demand is the result of the different decisions made by individuals; these decisions lead to plans that the individuals then try to optimize. Therefore, such microsimulation models need appropriate initial demand patterns for all given individuals. The challenge is to create individual demand patterns out of general input data. In practice, there is a large variety of input data, which can differ in quality, spatial resolution, purpose, and other characteristics. The challenge for a flexible demand-modeling framework is to combine the various data types to produce individual demand patterns. In addition, the modeling framework has to define precise interfaces to provide portability to other models, programs, and frameworks, and it should be suitable for large-scale applications that use many millions of individuals. Because the model has to be adaptable to the given input data, the framework needs to be easily extensible with new algorithms and models. The presented demand-modeling framework for large-scale scenarios fulfils all these requirements. By modeling the demand for two different scenarios (Zurich, Switzerland, and the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg), the framework shows its flexibility in aspects of diverse input data, interfaces to third-party products, spatial resolution, and last but not least, the modeling process itself.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging field of technology that allows vehicles to communicate together in the absence
of fixed infrastructure. The basic premise of VANET is that in order for a vehicle detect other vehicles in the vicinity.
This cognizance, awareness of other vehicles, can be achieved through beaconing. In the near future, many VANET applications
will rely on beaconing to enhance information sharing. Further, the uneven distribution of vehicles, ranging from dense rush
hour traffic to sparse late night volumes creates a pressing need for an adaptive beaconing rate control mechanism to enable
a compromise between network load and precise awareness between vehicles. To this end, we propose an intelligent Adaptive
Beaconing Rate (ABR) approach based on fuzzy logic to control the frequency of beaconing by taking traffic characteristics
into consideration. The proposed ABR considers the percentage of vehicles traveling in the same direction, and status of vehicles
as inputs of the fuzzy decision making system, in order to tune the beaconing rate according to the vehicular traffic characteristics.
To achieve a fair comparison with fixed beaconing schemes, we have implemented ABR approach in JIST/SWANs. Our simulation
shows that the proposed ABR approach is able to improve channel load due to beaconing, improve cooperative awareness between
vehicles and reduce average packet delay in lossy/lossless urban vehicular scenarios.
KeywordsVANET–Beaconing adaptation–Fuzzy logic–Cooperative awareness–Vehicular traffic characteristic
Since the year 2000, the Institute of Transportation Research (IVF) at
the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) is developing a microscopic, traffic
simulation package. The complete package is offered as open source to
establish the software as a common testbed for algorithms and models from
traffic research.
Since the year 2003 the IVF also works on a virtual traffic management centre
and in conjunction with this on traffic management. Several large-scale projects
have been done since this time, most importantly INVENT where modern
traffic management methods have been evaluated and the online-simulation and
prediction of traffic during the world youth day (Weltjugendtag) 2005 in
Cologne/Germany.
This publication briefly describes the simulation package together with the
projects mentioned above to show how SUMO can be used to simulate largescale
traffic scenarios. Additionally, it is pointed out how SUMO may be used
as a testbed for automatic management algorithms with minor effort in
developing extensions.
This paper studies the multihop packet delivery delay in a low density vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). We address a disrupted vehicle-to-infrastructure communication scenario, where an end-to-end path is unlikely to exist between a vehicle and the nearest road side unit (RSU). We present an analytical framework, which takes into account the randomness of vehicle data traffic and the statistical variation of the disrupted communication channel. Our framework employs the effective bandwidth theory and its dual, the effective capacity concept, in order to obtain the maximum distance between RSUs that stochastically limits the worst case packet delivery delay to a certain bound (i.e., allows only an arbitrarily small fraction of the packets received by the farthest vehicle from the RSU to exceed a required delay bound). Our study also investigates the effect of the vehicle density, transmission range, and speed difference between vehicles on the end-to-end packet delivery delay. Extensive simulation results validate our analytical framework.
Intelligent transport systems are the rising technology in the near future to build cooperative vehicular networks in which a variety of different ITS applications are expected to communicate with a variety of different units. Therefore, the demand for highly customized communication channel for each or sets of similar ITS applications is increased. This article explores the capabilities of available wireless communication technologies in order to produce a win-win situation while selecting suitable carrier( s) for a single application or a profile of similar applications. Communication requirements for future ITS applications are described to select the best available communication interface for the target application(s).
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) enable communication among vehicles as well as between vehicles and roadside infrastructures. Currently available software tools for VANET research still lack the ability to asses the usability of vehicular applications. In this article, we present Traffic Control Interface (TraCI) a technique for interlinking road traffic and network simulators. It permits us to control the behavior of vehicles during simulation runtime, and consequently to better understand the influence of VANET applications on traffic patterns. In contrast to the existing approaches, i.e., generating mobility traces that are fed to a network simulator as static input files, the online coupling allows the adaptation of drivers' behavior during simulation runtime. This technique is not limited to a special traffic simulator or to a special network simulator. We introduce a general framework for controlling the mobility which is adaptable towards other research areas. We describe the basic concept, design decisions and the message format of this open-source architecture. Additionally, we provide implementations for non-commercial traffic and network simulators namely SUMO and ns2, respectively. This coupling enables for the first time systematic evaluations of VANET applications in realistic settings.
The activity of mapping our environment used to be the preserve of highly trained and well-equipped surveyors and cartographers. The increase in the availability of computing in the wider environment through laptops, hand-held computers, and mobile phones, in combination with the free access to location information from GPS satellites, provided new opportunities for a wider range of people to be part of mapping activities and to create a bottom-up map, generated by users. In this article, we describe the Open Geodata project OpenStreetMap. We provide an overview of the project, the techniques used to collect, organize, and deliver mapping information, and conclude with an analysis of the opportunities and challenges that the project faces.
Transportation systems are very important in modern life; therefore, massive research efforts has been devoted to this field of study in the recent past. Effective vehicular connectivity techniques can significantly enhance efficiency of travel, reduce traffic incidents and improve safety, alleviate the impact of congestion; devising the so-called Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) experience. This chapter aims to provide basic concepts and background that is useful for the understanding of this book. An overview of intelligent transportation systems and their applications is presented, followed by a brief discussion of vehicular communications. The chapter also overviews the concepts related to dependability on distributed real-time systems in the scope if ITS.
Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a technology that facilitates communication between vehicles by creating a 'mobile Internet'. The system aims at ensuring road safety and achieving secured commutation. For this reason, reliability and survivability of the network become matters of prime concern. Reliability and survivability of the network is immensely dependent upon the hardware and channel availability. This paper, primarily focuses on the reliability and survivability of VANET as a function of reliable hardware and channel availability. The reliability of the vehicles and the road side equipment is investigated using reliability block diagrams. The survivability of the network, with respect to reliable hardware and channel availability is explored using Markov chains and Markov reward model. Considering that the communication between the vehicles may take place directly (i.e., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)) or through the road side equipment (i.e., vehicle-to-roadside (V2R)), the evaluation is ascertained for both V2V and V2R communications methodology, in terms of network reliability, connectivity and message lost due to unreliable hardware or channel availability. The technique of hierarchical modeling is adopted for the same. The results are also verified against simulation.
The Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTEAdvanced) networks are being developed to provide mobile broadband services for the fourth generation (4G) cellular wireless systems. Deviceto- device (D2D) communications is a promising technique to provide wireless peer-to-peer services and enhance spectrum utilization in the LTE-Advanced networks. In D2D communications, the user equipments (UEs) are allowed to directly communicate between each other by reusing the cellular resources rather than using uplink and downlink resources in the cellular mode when communicating via the base station. However, enabling D2D communications in a cellular network poses two major challenges. First, the interference caused to the cellular users by D2D devices could critically affect the performances of the cellular devices. Second, the minimum quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of D2D communications need to be guaranteed. In this article, we introduce a novel resource allocation scheme (i.e. joint resource block scheduling and power control) for D2D communications in LTE-Advanced networks to maximize the spectrum utilization while addressing the above challenges. First, an overview of LTE-Advanced networks, and architecture and signaling support for provisioning of D2D communications in these networks are described. Furthermore, research issues and the current state-of-the-art of D2D communications are discussed. Then, a resource allocation scheme based on a column generation method is proposed for D2D communications. The objective is to maximize the spectrum utilization by finding the minimum transmission length in terms of time slots for D2D links while protecting the cellular users from harmful interference and guaranteeing the QoS of D2D links. The performance of this scheme is evaluated through simulations.
A reliable robust wireless network of connected vehicles is desired to enable a number of future telematics and infotainment applications in the vehicular domain. To achieve this objective, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is standardized by the IEEE 802.11p Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) standard. Providing reliable communication performance in a highly dynamic time-varying V2V channel is a challenging task. To tackle this challenge, we propose a dynamic equalization scheme, on top of the existing DSRC technology, that significantly improves the packet error rate (PER) of data transmissions without changing the DSRC standard. We also show a hardware implementation of this scheme based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to demonstrate its implementation feasibility. Furthermore, we extend our improved equalization scheme to various data rate options available in the DSRC standard, showing that the proposed scheme is sufficiently generic to support different types of V2V communication. Finally, we report the results of investigating the dependence of wireless communication performance (in terms of PER and throughput) on various design parameters such as packet length, payload size, and data rate.
Recently, many efforts have been made to develop more efficient Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols for on-demand route planning according to observed traffic congestion or incidents, as well as for safety applications. Because practical experiments are often not feasible, simulation of network protocol behavior in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) scenarios is strongly demanded for evaluating the applicability of developed network protocols. In this work, we discuss the need for bidirectional coupling of network simulation and road traffic microsimulation for evaluating IVC protocols. As the selection of a mobility model influences the outcome of simulations to a great extent, the use of a representative model is necessary for producing meaningful evaluation results. Based on these observations, we developed the hybrid simulation framework Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation), composed of the network simulator OMNeT++ and the road traffic simulator SUMO. In a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate its advantages and the need for bidirectionally coupled simulation based on the evaluation of two protocols for incident warning over VANETs. With our developed methodology, we can advance the state-of-the-art in performance evaluation of IVC and provide means to evaluate developed protocols more accurately.
Intelligent transport systems are the rising technology in the near future to build cooperative vehicular networks in which a variety of different ITS applications are expected to communicate with a variety of different units. Therefore, the demand for highly customized communication channel for each or sets of similar ITS applications is increased. This article explores the capabilities of available wireless communication technologies in order to produce a win-win situation while selecting suitable carrier( s) for a single application or a profile of similar applications. Communication requirements for future ITS applications are described to select the best available communication interface for the target application(s).
Improving the scalability performance of dedicated short range communications
- Hongsheng Lu
The open source traffic simulation package SUMO
- D Krajzewicz
OMNeT++ - Modeling and Tools for Network Simulation
- Andras Varga
Cooperative Driving in Inter-Vehicular Communication Network
- Antonio Valente
- Saverio