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... Inoculation tests using conidia formed on artificial media are required to confirm pathogenicity. Oatmeal agar prepared with host-leaf decoction water (tomato leaf: Hartman et al. 1991), sclerotia bodies formed by shake culture (Zinno 1970), and cultivation under nuv-light (Suto 1985). ...
This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta , Cadophora , Celoporthe , Cercospora , Coleophoma , Cytospora , Dendrostoma , Didymella , Endothia , Heterophaeomoniella , Leptosphaerulina , Melampsora , Nigrospora , Pezicula , Phaeomoniella , Pseudocercospora , Pteridopassalora , Zymoseptoria , and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora . This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names.
The sporulation method for Cercospora pini-densiflorae, de-veloped by SUTO, was applied to 21 species of Cercospora. Mycelial fragments, or conidia artificially produced from these fungi, were used to inoculate on potato-sucrose agar in petri dishes which then were covered with Saran film, and the cul-tures were incubated under continuous or cyclical irradiation of a black-light flu-orescent lamp. As a result, conidial production was induced in 19 species includ-ing one species accelerated. Conidial production was not observed under irradiation nor in darkness in two species. More conidia were produced under continuous irra-diation than under cyclical irradiation in some isolates, whereas the amount of conidia was the same for two treatments in the others. In some species, morpholog-ical characteristics of conidia artificially produced were somewhat different from those of conidia produced on host plants. The conidia obtained by this method showed high germination activity in all species tested. This sporulation method is considered to be the simplest and most useful for the conidial production of Cercosporae.
The histological reaction of current shoots of the Japanese cedar,Cryptomeria japonica, inoculated withCercospora sequoiae was investigated. Wound periderm was formed on current shoots of the cedar on and after the 4th day after inoculation. In
the cells of the cork layer, lignin and suberin were deposited, and a phenolic substance was accumulated. In other inoculated
samples, plasmolysis, contraction of the cells and necrosis of the tissues were also observed. On the 32nd day, wound perioderm
and phellogen were observed in samples of the tissue inside the necrotic tissues in response to hyphal invasion. Occurrence
of wound periderm and phellogen in tissues of the needles was confirmed in the inoculated samples although no hyphae were
observed in and around the tissues. These results suggest that this fungus causes necrosis of host tissues and induces defense
responses.
A new species,Stromatinia cryptomeriae, is described based on a specimen collected in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. It was found on fallen dead branches and twigs of Japanese cedar,Cryptomeria japonica. The morphology of isolates on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), which were obtained from single ascospores ofS. cryptomeriae, was identical withGloeosporidina cryptomeriae, the causal fungus of Japanese cedar twig blight. In an inoculation test using single ascospore isolates, many minute black spots (sclerotioid bodies; sclerotules) and acervuli ofG. cryptomeriae were formed on the necrotic lesions, which developed into typical symptoms of Japanese cedar twig blight. These results show thatStromatinia cryptomeriae is the teleomorph ofG. cryptomeriae. On PDA, the fungus grew over a range of about 1 to 25C, with the optimum growth at about 15–20C.
A leaf spot disease on sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) was observed in Chiba Prefecture in 1997. The lesions were amphigenous, circular to irregular, hygrophanous, dark brown.
Stromata were amphigenous, composed of a few brown cells. Conidia with a thickened truncate base, filiform to cylindrical,
hyaline, were produced from conidiophores with thickened conidial scars. These morphological characteristics agreed with those
of Cercospora guatemalensis Mueller et Chupp. This species was new to Japan. The symptoms appeared 10 days after inoculation and the inoculated fungus
was re-isolated. Artificial sporulation and detection from commercial seeds were not successful.
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