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Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital
... There are long-standing debates in the social network literature regarding which types of networks are more advantageous for creativity and innovation, in particular debates between strong and weak ties, and between network cohesion and structural holes (Burt, 1992;Coleman, 1988;Granovetter, 1983;Uzzi, 1996Uzzi, , 1997. Competing theories are developed and empirical evidence is also mixed. ...
... Via trust, strong interpersonal attachments decrease chances about creative ideas being ignored or rejected Tortoriello et al., 2012), which may increase chances of creative ideas being used. Second, strong ties are more likely to develop reciprocity norms that generate social pressure to provide needed support (Coleman, 1988;Granovetter, 1983). In other words, "strong ties have greater motivation to be of assistance and are typically more easily available [than weak ties]" (Granovetter, 1983). ...
... However, such positive effect of weak ties weakens or event turn into negative effects when the focal innovation is radical, due to the burden of reciprocity norms and the lack of nonredundant information. In other words, we hypothesize that, Coleman (1988) championed the theory that, compared with a sparse network (where an individual's contacts are not connected among themselves), a cohesive network (where an individual's contacts are also interconnected among themselves) brings a higher level social capital through obligations and expectations, information channels, and social norms. However, Burt (1992) developed a competing structural hole theory which highlights the benefits of a sparse network due to information access and brokerage control advantages. ...
This paper examines how the collaboration network structure of an innovation site influences the adoption and future use of its innovations. We explore the effects of tie strength and network cohesion, with a particular focus on the moderating role of innovation radicalness. While prior research emphasizes the benefits of strong ties and network cohesion for idea transfer—due to increased trust, information exchange, and reciprocity—we argue that these effects are contingent on the innovation’s radicalness. Specifically, we suggest that these effects hold for incremental innovations but may become negative for radical innovations, as the impact of radical innovations may not align with reciprocity norms and could be sanctioned by the network. Additionally, the lack of information diversity may hinder the identification of new applications for radical innovations. Our empirical analysis is based on a dataset of 93 of the most innovative U.S. pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, with 16,011 unique sites observed from 2001 to 2013. This results in a panel dataset with 19,343 site-time observations, using 3-year rolling windows. Our findings support our hypotheses, contributing to the literature on social networks, creativity, and innovation. We show that different types of innovations require different network conditions for diffusion, and that reciprocity norms can be burdensome, particularly for radical innovations. We also demonstrate that non-redundant information is crucial not only for generating novel ideas but also for identifying new applications for radical innovations. The findings have implications for innovation management, particularly at geographically dispersed sites.
... Lin'in (1999) belirttiği üzere sosyal sermaye, kişinin getiri beklentisiyle sosyal ilişkilere yaptığı yatırım olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu genel tanım, tartışmaya katkıda bulunan akademisyenlerin çoğunun çeşitli yorumlarıyla tutarlıdır (Bourdieu, 1986;Coleman, 1988;Burt, 1992;Erickson, 1996;Portes, 1998;Putnam, 1995;Lin, 1999;Adler ve Kwon, 2002). Bu tanımda kullanılan sosyal ilişkiler kavramı, kişilerin sosyal yapılarını, sosyal ağlarını ve ağlara üyeliklerini ifade eder (Lin, Ensel ve Vaughn, 1981;Portes, 1998;Davidsson ve Honig, 2003). ...
... Girişimcilik perspektifinden bakıldığında, sosyal sermaye, fırsatların keşfedilmesini kolaylaştıran ilişkilerin yanı sıra, kıt kaynakların belirlenmesi, toplanması ve tahsis edilmesini sağlar (Davidsson ve Honig, 2003). Sosyal sermaye yaklaşımı, ekonomik olmayan bilginin, normlardan, ağlardan ve sosyal ilişkilerden ortaya çıktığını ve bunların hepsinin yeni girişimler ve girişimciler için önemli kaynaklar olma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu öne sürer (Coleman 1988;Nahapiet ve Ghoshal 1998 ...
... Bazı çalışmalar ise insan sermayesinin, işletme karlılıkları üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinden bahsetmektedir (Honig, 1998 Girişimcinin bireysel olarak sahip olduğu sosyal sermaye ile ilgili çalışmalar incelendiğinde, işletme başarısında sosyal sermayenin faydası olduğu görülmektedir (Duchesneau ve Gartner, 1990;Honig, 1998;Baron ve Markman, 2000;Santarelli ve Tran, 2013;Stam ve diğerleri, 2014). Bazı çalışmalara göre (Coleman, 1988 (Cooper ve diğerleri, 1994;Coleman, 2007, Fatoki, 2011 ...
İşletmeler, üretim faktörlerini bir araya getirerek toplumun mal ve
hizmet ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan ekonomik birimlerdir. İşletmeler, bu ihtiyaçların
karşılanması sürecinde hem istihdam imkânları sağlayarak hem de ekonomik
genişleme ve canlanmaya hizmet ederek ülke ekonomilerine fayda sağlarlar.
Bu açıdan bakıldığında işletme sayılarının artması ekonomi için önem arz
etmektedir. İşletme sayılarının artmasının yanında, hayatta kalması ve başarı
düzeylerinin artması, sundukları sosyal ve ekonomik faydaların devamlılığını
sağlayan diğer önemli hususlardır.
İşletmelerin başarı düzeylerini etkileyen birçok unsur bulunmaktadır. Bu
unsurlar işletmenin kendi iç çevresinden veya kontrol edemediği dış
çevresinden kaynaklanmaktadır. İşletmenin iç çevresinde başarıyı etkileyen
birçok unsur bulunmaktadır. Bu unsurların bir bölümü, işletmeyi kuran veya
devralıp yöneten girişimcinin bireysel olarak sahip olduğu sermaye türleri ile
ilgilidir. Sermaye teorilerinin gelişmeye başladığı erken dönem araştırma
aşamalarında, girişimcilik araştırması sermaye teorilerini benimsemiş ve
girişimcinin bireysel olarak sahip olduğu sermaye türleri ile ilgilenmiştir. Bu
sermaye türlerinin işletmenin başarısındaki rolü üzerine birçok çalışma
yapılmıştır.
İşletme başarısının ve girişimcinin bireysel olarak sahip olduğu sermaye
türlerinin tanımlandığı, yapılmış çalışmaların incelendiği ve ülkemizde işletme
başarılarını arttırmak üzere önerilerin geliştirildiği bu kitap “Girişimci
Sermayesinin Girişim Başarısına Etkisi” isimli doktora tez çalışmasından
türetilmiştir.
... Another way to determine individuals' trust in experts is by looking at how much they value their relationship with the expert, as trust is built when a person evaluates the expert's reliability over time and decides to continue the relationship based on that assessment. Also, trust in experts is created in a broader social context and varies according to the extent to which the "object of trust" is embedded in citizens' wider social networks (Granovetter, 1985;Coleman, 1988). In this study, we approach trust to experts from a network perspective, and assume that individuals' level of trust in experts depends on the information that is transmitted through indirect links between different actors to citizens. ...
... In other words, trust in the abilities of experts is not necessarily based on how they have been able to demonstrate their expertise in the past, or how they can reassure citizens of their ability to demonstrate their expertise in the future. Instead, it may also be about how the object of trust is otherwise related to the citizen's own social networks and the information that flows through them (Granovetter, 1985;Coleman 1988). ...
... When considering the indirect processes that shape citizens' trust in general, the focus is on information and its transmission (e.g., Zarolia et al., 2017). In this perspective, by drawing particularly on Coleman's (1988) ideas we assume that trust is based on what information others convey to us about the trusted actor. In other words, the information we absorb from the news, social media, friends, and acquaintances shapes our perceptions and influences our trust. ...
... Social capital is broadly defined as the connections that exist among individuals in a given population and the resources that are accessible through these networks [6,40]. It functions as a collective asset that can be used to facilitate cooperation, reciprocity, and the flow of information, as a way of contributing to societal well-being [3,6,41]. ...
... This "threat dynamic" hinders direct contact locally, where opportunities for meaningful intergroup interactions have become more limited [30,50]. The history of social capital in the United States then ultimately traces the rise and fall of trust at the community level [6,40,51,52]. Citizens now struggle to interact, in part because they are fearful of differences [53], while overcoming this fear and finding new ways of building trust are critical challenges for reinvigorating social capital [17]. ...
... As racial and ethnic diversity increased in the United States, local interactions declined [17,23,110,111]. This trend contrasts with earlier periods when the the US was lauded for facilitating interpersonal contact among citizens [40,52]. By now, a lack of direct interactions appears to contribute to ongoing declines in generalized trust [3,18]. ...
Generalized trust has reached new lows in America, with young Americans now trusting the least. This complicates the process of interacting with new people, which formerly contributed to trust. The present study thus tested whether networked modes of social contact and social learning might add to interpersonal competence and generalized trust. Responses to a national web survey were matched to US Census percentages for sex, race, ethnicity, age, and region. The sample resembles the US population demographically and is theoretically large enough to represent it (N=1500). Data were analyzed using SPSS and PROCESS. Diverse contact in person was unrelated to trust in general and only contributed to trust for respondents 70 or older when particular age groups were considered. Interpersonal competence, on the other hand, contributed to trust overall, and for respondents 18–29, 40–49, and 50–59. Feeling capable of interacting with new people in person has become more important than the contact itself for trusting, as a way of generating numerous diverse interactions over time. Networked efforts of sociability and posting behavior were also related to trust here. Posting related to trust for respondents 18–29, while sociability contributed to trust for those 18–29, 30–39, and 50–59. Social presence (i.e., sensing immediacy and intimacy in networked settings) related to trust overall and for those 18–29 and 40–49. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) competence contributed to trust indirectly, by way of social presence, and the indirect effect was the largest for the youngest users surveyed. CMC competence had a larger association with interpersonal competence for younger generations as well, which became a second indirect path to trusting. Different age groups draw trust from different places, and trust interventions should also differ with age.
... This shared understanding enhances effective knowledge exchange and collective problem-solving [30]. The findings suggest that the entrepreneurial community in Phnom Penh values continuous learning and adaptation, which are critical for innovation and growth [32]. ...
... Entrepreneurs' active engagement in seeking feedback and learning from others reflects a strong cognitive alignment within the community [30]. This shared understanding facilitates effective knowledge exchange, which is crucial for continuous improvement and innovation [32]. ...
... This aligns with the assertion that strong interpersonal ties are essential for social cohesion and economic activity. High relational social capital indicates a supportive environment where entrepreneurs can freely share knowledge and resources, enhancing mutual success [32]. ...
The current article aims to shed light on the social engagement practices of businesses in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and to inform readers about those practices. In particular, the article examines how entrepreneurs engage in social activities, establish communication with their contemporaries, and advocate for entrepreneurship. The data was collected from a representative sample of business owners while employing a quantitative research design to determine how much business owners participate in social activities. The ongoing research has yielded preliminary findings and conclusions. The findings reveal that entrepreneurs have high social engagement through active participation in mentoring programs, knowledge-sharing activities, and networking events. They demonstrated their participation in these activities. The findings shed light on the significance of social capital and the growth of communities within the framework of Phnom Penh's environment for entrepreneurial endeavours. The implications of this study for policy, practice, theory, and future research, emphasizing the need to foster a culture that encourages social activity among entrepreneurs and fosters a supportive environment, were discussed. The study adds to the expanding body of literature on entrepreneurship by highlighting the diverse features of entrepreneurial pursuits and the importance of social engagement that extends beyond corporate objectives. Future studies should be conducted with a bigger sample size and scope.
... In such networks, support is provided in a collective and well-coordinated manner. This creates trust and safety in the network (Coleman, 1988). Centrality, on the other hand, refers to the structural position of individuals within a network. ...
... Moreover, research has shown that grandparents who are more strongly involved in their grandchildren's lives have positive effects on their wellbeing in several domains (Dunifon, 2013). Therefore, children embedded in such an environment profit from these stable and reliable ties, which may better protect them from adversities (Coleman, 1988). ...
... The only significant association found was that high support density lowered the likelihood of school-related problems. High support density promotes the flow of existing knowledge and skills between network members and is therefore beneficial for the educational growth of children (Coleman, 1988). This finding is in line with other research highlighting the importance of dense patterns of supportive ties surrounding children for better school performance (Wu et al., 2010). ...
Studies in the field of child welfare services have shown that children's externalizing problems are linked to the immediate social relationships in which they are embedded. However, most studies that examined this association focused on specific dyads or general social support, ignoring more diverse and complex patterns of relationships in which children are embedded. Therefore, this study used Social Network Analysis to analyze how compositional and structural properties of parents' personal networks predict externalizing problems of children in vulnerable family contexts. The sample consists of 70 parents who were enrolled in a home-based family intervention in Switzerland. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three clusters based on the network composition: mixed, child-oriented, and family of orientation. Child behavior problems were associated with the network clusters; school-related problems, on the other hand, were additionally linked with support density in the personal networks of parents. The results show that children in vulnerable families are embedded in diverse network compositions and relational structures, which influence their externalizing problems in different ways.
... En el pensamiento fundacional del CS, este se refiere a los recursos que llevan a la conformación de una red de relaciones durables, a la pertenencia a un grupo y a los vínculos permanentes, que en el ámbito de su actuación se representa más o menos institucionalizado, con propiedades comunes e intercambios materiales y simbólicos respectivamente; se enfatiza que hay un interreconocimiento que homogeniza objetivamente el capital poseído (Bourdieu, 2011);Coleman (2010) menciona que el CS surge a través de los cambios en las relaciones entre personas para facilitar la acción y es inherente a la estructura de los vínculos generados entre actores. ...
... Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación coinciden con lo expuesto por algunos autores como Bourdieu (2011), Coleman (2010, González et al. (2021), Fuentes (2012), Rodríguez y Vanneste (2018) y Torres et al. (2022), quienes afirman que el CS representa una red de relaciones durables, en la cual se enfatiza la importancia de los vínculos entre los actores del grupo para poder administrar los recursos de una manera institucionalizada, mediante la gestión del conocimiento, la confianza y la cooperación entre todos los involucrados. Sin embargo, en este estudio se identificó que la gestión del conocimiento en Mazatlán escasamente sobrepasa el índice de 50, razón por la cual resulta de gran utilidad para fortalecer este indicador. ...
El turismo en la posmodernidad se caracteriza por un visitante participativo que se convierte en productor de sus experiencias creativas a partir de la cultura en el destino. En esta situación se aprovechan el conocimiento y las relaciones de los actores turísticos y creativos para encauzar una oferta diferenciada. El objetivo es explorar el ecosistema creativo desde el capital social de Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México. Se aplica el enfoque mixto no experimental. El capital social tiene un valor significativo en la cooperación y confianza, en tanto en la gestión del conocimiento medianamente significativo, además en el destino, hay un patrimonio tangible e intangible que atrae otras formas de turismo. Existe un ecosistema turístico creativo que se erige resistente por la esencia histórica en el que interactúan la música, el carnaval y la gastronomía.
... Podobnie jak inne formy kapitału, kapitał społeczny jest produktywny, umożliwiając osiągnięcie pewnych celów, które w przypadku jego braku nie byłyby możliwe. Podobnie jak kapitał fizyczny i kapitał ludzki, kapitał społeczny nie jest całkowicie zamienny, ale może być specyficzny dla pewnych działań" (Coleman, 1988). ...
... 79 81 79 72 72 74 75 74 76 76 77 73 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 4 2 19 17 19 26 26 23 22 23 22 22 19 24 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 8 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 8 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 Źródło: opracowanie własne PIE na podstawie danych CBOS. (Coleman, 1988;Putnam, 1995;; przejawia związki z uczciwością (Rotter, 1980;Fukuyama, 1997) i skłonnością do współpracy (Grzelak, 2005), a nawet z kreatywnością (Ratajczak, 1983;Rotter, 1980;Yamagishi, Yamagishi, 1994 ...
Wobec sukcesywnego bogacenia się polskiego społeczeństwa
w ostatnich dekadach i jednoczesnego wzrostu nierówności dochodowych, podtrzymanie dalszego rozwoju gospodarczego wymaga nie
tylko inwestycji w kapitał ludzki, ale także w kapitał społeczny. Ten
drugi od lat uchodzi w Polsce za niewystarczający, o czym świadczyć
ma niski w porównaniu z wieloma krajami regionu i całej Europy poziom zaufania Polaków do innych.
• W naszym badaniu definicja kapitału społecznego przekracza ramy
ograniczonej perspektywy uogólnionego zaufania. W jego analizie
uwzględniliśmy także zaufanie do bliskich, znajomych, przyjaciół
i sąsiadów, zaufanie do instytucji, sieci społeczne oraz normy wynikające z przepisów i kultury społeczeństwa. Chociaż nasza analiza
potwierdziła wniosek dotyczący uogólnionego zaufania, który płynie
z innych badań – ponad połowa (53 proc.) Polaków nie zgadza się
ze stwierdzeniem, że większości ludzi można ufać – nie oznacza to,
że ponad połowa społeczeństwa charakteryzuje się niskim poziomem kapitału społecznego.
... While collectives do sometimes limit the opportunity for membership to residents of a certain neighborhood, they are generally considered non-excludable to residents of that neighborhood. However, while we do not expect sanctioning behavior in this context, an extended period of social control, cooperative relations and social learning can still contribute to the establishment of norms of reciprocity and trust in a neighborhood over time [44]. ...
... Our second conclusion is that we found no evidence that the prevalence of social relations in a neighborhood is related to the emergence of care collectives. This is inconsistent with our theoretical expectation that citizens would be more likely to participate in care collectives if their neighborhoods are characterized by many social relations, which increases the probability of future gains from said collective through trust and reciprocity [40,44,64]. These findings deviate from literature on other forms of citizen collective action, such as mutual insurance, where group-level and individual prevalence of social relations were shown to foster collective action through increased trust and commitment [8]. ...
Background
Ageing populations and the ability to cure an increasing number of ailments put pressure on the health care sector. Meanwhile, care institutions retreat from rural areas and some governments emphasizes the need for citizens to find informal care primarily in their own social network. In The Netherlands, citizens increasingly respond by coming together to organize (in)formal care among themselves in ‘care collectives’. However, little is known about the conditions that need to be met for such collective action to develop, and explanations that go beyond an individualist perspective are particularly lacking. In this study, we aim to fill this gap, and specifically argue for the potential role of social cohesion to facilitate collective action among citizens through fostering a social identity, and through the prevalence of social relations that facilitate reciprocity and mutual trust among citizens. We further test whether these relations vary between municipalities, and whether they depend on the necessity for care services.
Methods
We obtain data on the location of care collectives from an extensive Dutch inventory and match it to register data from Statistics Netherlands from 2020. We create measures for neighborhood attachment and contact using the ‘ecometric approach’. We test our hypotheses with multilevel logistic regression models and multilevel event history analysis for a subset of the data that can be analyzed longitudinally.
Results
We find evidence for a positive association between neighborhood attachment and the emergence of a care collective, which is stronger if the necessity for care is higher. We do not find a relation between neighborhood contact and care collectives, nor do we find evidence that these relations vary between municipalities. We cannot replicate our positive associations in the longitudinal model, and thus remain reserved about their causal interpretation.
Conclusions
There is considerable variability in the extent to which neighborhoods organize care services collectively. Partly, this may be attributable to differences in the prevalence of neighborhood identity, which would imply that an increasing reliance on citizen collectives may increase inequality in access to healthcare. Further research should emphasize combining community-level information with data on individual participation in care collectives to delve deeper into the dynamics of invitation, representation and embeddedness than current data allows.
... 사회 적 자본형성과 선순환적인 시민사회 발전은 시민성을 강화하여 정치참여를 활성화하고, 거시 적으로는 효율적인 정부 운영에 영향을 미친다 (Walzer, 1995). Tocqueville(2003) (Coleman, 1988 (Coleman, 1990). 사회적 연결이 강화될수록 사회적 자본은 풍부해지고, 네트워 크와 상호 호혜의 규범이 형성될 때 협조와 집단행동이 활성화된다 (Putnam, 2000 (Fukuyama, 1995 (Coleman, 1990;Putnam, 2000). ...
... 사회 구조 안에서 발생하는 일종의 무형자본으로 사유재와 공공재의 특성을 동시에 가지고 있다 (Coleman, 1990 (Downs, 1957(Downs, /2013 (Downs, 1957(Downs, /2013 (Moe, 1980), 공동체 활동의 긍정적 유인과 부정적 유인의 다른 측면 (Oliver, 1980), 형태를 활성화하는 리더십의 중요성 (Leibenstein, 1978), 집합 적 활동에 기여하지 않을 때 따라오는 개인적 비용 (Mitchell, 1979) (Habermas, 2006). 공동체의 환경, 개인 또는 공동체간의 상호작용은 사회적, 정치 적, 문화적, 인적자본을 포함한 다른 시민참여 유형간 연결성을 강조한다 (Coleman, 1988 (Inglehart & Welzel, 2005). 탈물질주의 지수(post-materialism index)는 사회적ㆍ개인적 자아실현을 위해 심 미적, 지적, 소속감, 자기존경 욕구를 반영한다 (Inglehart, 1990 (Schwartz, 1992 (Gyan, 2021;Talò & Mannarini, 2015). ...
... The theoretical framework developed for this study leans on a newer version of social capital theory and community cultural wealth that grew from critical race studies. I utilized social capital theory (Coleman, 1988;Lin, 2001) and community cultural wealth typology (Yosso, 2005) to provide a more robust framework for this study. ...
... Bourdieu's (2011) choice of cultural and social capital was discounted as solely an individualistic and meritocratic concept. Coleman's (1988) version of social capital theory and social mobility constructs were adopted to describe the functional nature of social structures, whereby social capital and mentoring relationships mutually may influence each other. Lin's (2001) work on social relationships strengthened this framework emphasizing the criticality of quality mentoring relationships that may provide mentees with additional leadership credentials. ...
Mentoring research that explores the experiences of executive leaders as mentees is limited, and almost non-existent, for women of color nonprofit chief executive officers (CEOs). Not only is existing literature limited, it does not intentionally explore how intersectionality influences the development of quality mentoring relationships for women of color executive leaders. The term Latina Leadership Development (LDD) has been established as a dedicated concept related to the leadership development of Latinas in this study. The purpose of the study was to explore how Latina nonprofit executive leaders in California leveraged existing social capital and mentoring relationships as mentees that influenced their self-efficacy and leadership development. Research was conducted between 2017 and 2020 with 10 Latina nonprofit CEOs in California utilizing qualitative research methodology. A hermeneutic phenomenological research design was applied utilizing hermeneutic looping techniques during a nine-step data analysis process to ensure participants’ perceptions of their lived experiences remained at the core of this study. This paper presents two themes produced by the study: (a) An evolution of mentorship relationship type and function exists with a preference for informal mentoring relationships that provide psychosocial supportive functioning, and (b) A constellation of mentors from diverse racial, ethnic, and gender backgrounds are preferred and integral to LLD. This study empirically extends existing scholarship by showing how intersectionality and specific characteristics of mentoring relationships may be most beneficial for Latina and women of color nonprofit CEOs. Keywords: mentoring relationship, nonprofit organization, Latina chief executive leader, social capital, community cultural wealth typology, intersectionality, hermeneutic phenomenology
... Social capital Hypothesis speculated by Bourdieu (1983) and Coleman (1988), the social capital hypothesis battles that social connections are assets that can prompt the return of events and aggregation of human capital. Social capital is a wide term enveloping the norms and networks working with aggregate activities for common benefits. ...
... Therefore, Portes (1998) presented that this wide meaning of social capital makes it powerless to numerous understandings and uses crossing different hypothetical customs. While Mohan and Mohan (2002) see it in light of the reason that social relations can work with the accumulation of financial or nonmonetary advantages to people, Coleman (1988) on the other set that social capital can be believed to dwell in the relations and, not in the actual people. Following Mohan and Mohan's (2002) accommodation, the hypothesis is significant because it stresses how social capital influences an agent's monetary fortune. ...
This study investigated the Link between income inequality, Poverty Level, and sustainable development in Nigeria using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The study's data were sourced from the CBN statistical bulletin, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the World Income Inequality Data Base (WIID). Findings from the study reveal how strongly unemployment is correlated with poverty. Inadequate employment generation poses a serious problem in society and hence increases the poverty rate. Despite massive annual expenditures on employment generation like traders' money, the sector's performance is still ranked among the worst in the world by comparison to the global average, and the distribution of income and the eradication are positively correlated with other factors including employment, health, housing, electricity, water, and road infrastructure. Because of poor policy implementation, unemployment in Nigeria has been rising at an intolerable rate. The expansion of the population has outpaced improvements in health, electricity, housing water supply, and roads. Therefore, the study recommended the efforts of the government should be mobilized towards the formulation and implementation of more pragmatic employment policies in Nigeria. The empirical findings in this research work have shown that a rise in employment rate has not been sufficient to reduce inequality of income distribution in Nigeria. A more pragmatic employment policy would enable workers to create wealth from their income (and not just sustenance) which enhances a more evenly distribution of income.
... The debate about the nature and role of social capital has been going on for decades. Social capital is traditionally differentiated from other forms of capital, such as human, cultural, and economic (Coleman, 1988), but at the same time, all these forms of capital can interflow. ...
... Social capital is an actual or potential resource, which links to the possession of a network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance or recognition (Richardson & Bourdieu, 1986;Portes, 1998). Having no single definition, it can be assessed as a combination of different components: either as obligations and expectations, information channels, and social norms (Coleman, 1988); or as trust, social norms, and social links (Putnam, 2000). ...
A significant part of Russian migrants, who fled the country after February 2022, are qualified professionals, and almost half have moved with their partners and children. For them, the social capital required for integration in the host country is closely linked to family issues and daily routines. Defining social capital as a combination of relationships and attitudes, this study examines the role of employment, children, and gender in its development after migration. Empirical data were obtained from online surveys conducted among Russian migrants around the world, as well as among those who stayed in Russia. Quantitative analysis of the data shows that employment, children, and gender are related to the formation of migrants' social capital. In addition to the role of employment, we show that in migration women are more sociable and open to interaction, and having children widens their social circle and increases the number of acquaintances, which in turn contributes to the formation of social capital. Based on the above, it can be concluded that migrant families with children have a great potential for integration into the host society.
... According to social capital theory, social capital encompasses the bonds and trust between individuals, influencing their behavior and actions (Coleman, 1988). ...
... Agency Theory (AT) recommends monitoring and controlling agent behavior to align incentives and minimize opportunism (Bebchuk et al., 2017). On the other hand, Social Capital Theory (SCT), as highlighted by Coleman (1988) and Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998), provides a perspective on how the social networks of firms and their agents influence their resource dependence and agency relationships. SCT posits that social networks are a valuable source of social resources that can enhance performance and well-being (Aklamanu et al., 2016;X. ...
This study investigates how the social connections of independent directors influence the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) information. Using data from Taiwanese firms listed on the stock market between 2013 and 2019, we employ the propensity score matching (PSM) method to compare the social networks of independent directors in firms that disclose their CSR reports with those that do not. Our findings reveal that disclosing CSR reports positively affects the centrality of independent directors’ social networks. In other words, directors who participate in CSR reporting have greater influence and better access to information within their social circles. This effect is particularly pronounced for firms with more analysts following them. Additionally, our study demonstrates that having more central and well-connected independent directors, along with increased analyst coverage, leads to greater CSR disclosure by firms. These results highlight the importance of diverse and robust social capital in enhancing transparency and promoting sustainable development for organizations.
... A study argues that an especially important form of social capital is the norm that one should forgo self-interest and act in the interests of the collectivity. Civic norms promote trust and provide commonly shared institutional frameworks that community members use and follow when they communicate and judge observable behaviours of members in the community (Coleman, 1988). Consequently, social capital encapsulates characteristics of social life networks, norms and trust that enable participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared interests (Putnam, 1995). ...
... Consequently, social capital encapsulates characteristics of social life networks, norms and trust that enable participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared interests (Putnam, 1995). Researches that focused on community social capital have emphasised its function as a public good (Coleman, 1988;Putnam, 1995). These researchers argued that institutionalism in any community influences not only to those who have social capital but also to people living in regions with a high level of social capital. ...
AN ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CROSS-CULTURAL SCENARIO
ABSTRACT
The term corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not new as it has its root in the past, but now it becomes more complicated today. It has been observed that CSR is the building block of social capital and globalisation is the main factor which has forced the market and business to interact with the people either they are from their own place or from different part of the country. At the time of interaction, people interact with the differences of their cultures,
beliefs and they have different hopes from the companies and its place in society. This reality of interaction with many differences provides us a direction to explore the cross-cultural variations and to know how it helps in creating the social responsibility policy by the government in different countries and its implementation by business people, employees and other stakeholders. This theoretical review is aimed to explore the role of institutionalisation theory for increasing the social capital and ensuring positive CSR practices in cross-cultural scenario.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility; cross-cultural CSR; institutionalisation; institutional CSR; mimetic isomorphism in CSR
... -hatásgyakorlásának jelentőségét is hangsúlyozta az iskoláztatás szempontjából (Coleman, 1997). Coleman (1988) a szülői kapcsolatok struktúrájáról és azok hatásáról szóló tanulmányában a társadalmi tőke kialakulását írta le iskolai kontextusban. A társadalmi tőkét a funkció szempontjából definiálta, mely szerint az egyének olyan társadalmi kapcsolatokat alakítanak ki, amelyek révén hozzáférnek különböző erőforrásokhoz, és a közöttük létrejövő kapcsolatok a résztvevők számára előnyökkel járnak. ...
... Ahhoz, hogy az integrált környezet társadalmi tőkeként tudjon hasznosulni, tanulók teljesítményében megmutatkozni, az iskolai légkör, az iskola tanulási környezete is meghatározó (Széll, 2014(Széll, , 2015. Coleman (1988) társadalmi tőkére vonatkozó meghatározásának kulcsgondolata a produktivitás, mely lehetővé teszi bizonyos célok elérését, amelyek e tőke hiányában nem következnének be. Más kutatók is hangsúlyozzák, hogy a társadalmi tőke olyan típusú kapcsolatrendszert jelent, melyből produktív előnyök származnak. ...
... In the literature on social trust, social trust has been defined as "a cooperative attitude toward people outside the family " ( Arrow, 1972 ;Coleman, 1988 ). Researchers have found that higher levels of social trust play an important role in economic and social outcomes ( Putnam, 2000 ), although in the early stage, research did not focus on the factors that determine social trust. ...
This paper investigates the relationship between a region's cultural inclusion and its residents' social trust. Based on the individual-level survey data from China, we find a positive correlation between cultural inclusion and average levels of social trust at the city level. When instrumenting culture inclusion using government spending on the construction of culture and fixed assets, we find a consistent positive correlation between cultural inclusion and social trust. We also find that higher levels of cultural inclusion are positively correlated with the happiness and optimistic social attitudes of residents and are negatively correlated with the probability of misperception and conflicts.
... Esta definición y enfoque, se distancia en distinto grado de autores como Bourdieu (2000), Coleman (1988) o Putnam (1993. Respecto de Bourdieu, retomando a Granovetter (1973), hay un matiz referido al valor de los lazos débiles, algo no incluido en el esquema del sociólogo francés, que por el uso y articulación teórica del concepto, su rendimiento se da sobre todo en el plano de la reproducción y reforzamiento de privilegios de grupos sociales (o clases) mediante lazos fuertes. ...
El artículo aborda la relación entre capital social, internet y geografía. Se trabajó con una metodología de estudio de casos en seis localidades de Chile con características de aislamiento, de dos regiones del país (Aysén y Región Metropolitana). Mediante encuesta presencial se logró entrevistar a 623 casos. Los principales resultados obtenidos posicionan internet como un medio eficiente (costo y tiempo) para generar (mediante relaciones tipo bridging social capital) o mantener capital social (apuntando a relaciones tipo bonding social capital), independiente del grado de aislamiento en que habiten las personas. Sin embargo, se observa que el tipo de recurso al que se puede acceder mediante redes y las expectativas de co-presencialidad continúan siendo condicionadas por la distancia geográfica. El influjo geográfico se manifiesta de modo más potente considerando los desplazamientos que las personas deben realizar de forma cotidiana fuera de sus localidades: mayor desplazamiento, mayor heterogeneidad de contactos en las redes sociales personales.
... In the second example, Caro et al. (2014) utilized deductive reasoning by fitting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) to operationalize and evaluate constructs of cultural, economic, and social capital in ILSA data from PIRLS 2006 and PISA 2009. The constructs are inspired by well-established theories by Bourdieu (1986), Bernstein (1975), and Coleman (1988). The analyses presented in this paper are an attempt to apply these complex theories in empirical studies. ...
This paper explores the potential of abductive reasoning to enhance the analysis of international large-scale assessments which have traditionally relied on deductive and inductive reasoning. While these conventional methods have provided valuable insights into global student achievement, they often fail to capture the complexity of educational systems and the nuanced interplay of variables influencing student outcomes. By proposing abductive reasoning as a complementary analytical approach, this study argues for its ability to account for surprising data points and embrace the complexity inherent in educational systems. Abductive reasoning, characterized by the formulation of the most plausible explanations for observed phenomena, offers a promising avenue for generating new hypotheses and uncovering unexpected relationships. Through a detailed examination of the strengths and weaknesses of inductive and deductive reasoning in the context of ILSA data and the introduction of abductive reasoning’s unique characteristics, this paper highlights the benefits and practical applications of abduction in educational research. It also addresses potential limitations and challenges, advocating for a structured application to enhance rigor and mitigate biases. Ultimately, abductive reasoning is presented as a versatile and creative tool that, when used thoughtfully alongside traditional methods, can significantly advance our understanding of global education systems and inform more nuanced and impactful educational policies.
... If social capital is a collection of actual or potential resources, these resources are related to the social network that consists of social relationships, either by default or recognized [18] . Coleman argued that social capital contains three main forms: (1) the form of social interaction and trust; (2) a social network; and (3) a shared value system [19] . Therefore, social networking sites align with this concept of social capital. ...
With the increasing number of users on Chinese social network sites and the growing popularity of WeChat, it is essential to study the behaviors and attitudes of SNS (Social Networking Services) users in China to explore the underlying reasons behind them, particularly social capital. While there have been numerous studies on social capital, limited research has focused on its fluctuations in the field of the Internet. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differences in online and offline social capital by examining people’s behaviors and attitudes towards social network sites, using WeChat as an example to explore the inner motivations of SNS users and explain the significance of social capital.
... In other words, forming connections between various groups and individuals increases the chance of knowledge exchange. It is well-documented that there are interrelationships between social capital and intellectual capital [15], which refers to the skills and knowledge that permit innovative thinking and novel actions [40]. It is also evident that training aimed toward research skills development significantly increases the rates of research activities and the level of passion for conducting research [41,42]. ...
Background
Accessible and contextually relevant healthcare research programs and networks for rural physicians are exceedingly rare, which hinders the development of social capital in an already isolating profession. This study aims to examine the impact of the Rural Health Research Capacity Building (RRCB) Program on enhancing cognitive, structural, and relational social capital through comprehensive research skills training, supported by professional teams and resources.
Methods
This study uses a mixed-methods approach with utilization of qualitative and quantitative data and pre-post quasi-experimental design. Data were collected prior and after completion of the program by means of surveys, focus group, and observation. Thirty-five rural physicians participated in this study from 2014 to 2021.
Results
The results show a significant increase in cognitive (pre-program = 0.37 vs. post-program = 0.61, p < .001), structural (pre-program = 0.58 vs. post-program = 0.81, p < .001), and relational (pre-program = 0.49 vs. post-program 0.69, p < .001) components of social capital. Focus group discussions and observation data supported these findings, particularly highlighting that research capacity-building programs tailored to the needs of rural physicians can enhance collective values, improve the quality of relationships, and foster communities of research-focused practice.
Conclusions
Being equipped with a shared system of meanings and interpretations, research knowledge and resources, and a professional research network appears to play a critical role in enhancing social capital in rural health research. The RRCB program effectively improves social capital among rural and remote physicians.
... He notes that a high level of social capital leads to greater community participation in educational initiatives and increases the chances of successful human capital development. Thus, J. S. Coleman demonstrates that social capital is the foundation for forming active and cohesive communities capable of achieving common goals and ensuring prosperity (Coleman, 1988). ...
... James Coleman (1999) Varian entitas dari beberapa struktur sosial yang memfasilitasi tindakan dari para pelakunya dalam bentuk personal atau korporasi dalam suatu struktur sosial. Struktur relasi dan jaringan inilah yang menciptakan berbagai ragam kewajiban sosial, menciptakan iklim saling percaya, membawa saluran informasi dan menetapkan norma-norma dan sangsi sosial bagi para anggotanya. ...
This book contains information about how to create an effective health promotion model for eradicating mosquito nests based on social capital and is equipped with interview, observation and questionnaire instruments.
... Otros estudios refieren que es necesario considerar el tiempo de formación de inicial y primaria, ya que representa un valor económico para las familias (Dasgupta, 2000), (Colclugh, 2009), (Coleman, 2011). La disyuntiva en la cuantificación es que gran parte de la valorización que hacen las familias, sobre el tiempo que comprende la formación en los niveles inicial y primario, trae consigo trabajo doméstico no remunerado, el cual no tiene una valoración de mercado, pero puede ser considerado como un costo de oportunidad, que será importante distinguir del trabajo infantil, y más aun del trabajo en sus peores formas, que puede ser explotación, entre otros (Colclugh, 2009). ...
Este documento busca lograr un análisis costo/beneficio del Sistema Educativo Boliviano, en sus diferentes niveles: inicial, primario, secundario y superior; el análisis permitirá brindar estimaciones para evaluar la inversión en educación, respondiendo a las preguntas de: ¿Cuán eficiente es este gasto? ¿Cuáles son los retornos de los diferentes niveles educativos? y si ¿El incremento del Gasto en Educación es el destino más eficiente? Las respuestas a estas preguntas no solo conllevan evaluar el accionar del gobierno, sino pretenden brindar una pauta para lograr objetivos de política, como lo puede ser el ganar eficiencia, además de eficacia, elementos que también pueden propiciar juicios de equidad en la asignación de recursos. Los resultados muestran que existe un retorno general del sistema educativo del 9.2%, reduciendo este retorno en un 4 %, atribuible a los costos sociales y en un 2% a los costos privados, además de tener incrementales positivos de entre el 0.1% al 0.3 %, por grupo ocupacional de interés; los niveles educativos primario y secundario, tienen una mayor diferencial de ingreso que el nivel superior, mostrando que si bien los trabajadores que tienen educación superior al bachillerato, ganan más, el diferencial con niveles educativos mayores se hace cada vez menor. La presente investigación pretende un aporte metodológico en la cuantificación de costos sociales, como lo puede ser el costo de oportunidad por la pérdida de ingresos alternos en formación para el mercado laboral, con estimaciones de retornos sociales y privados que magnifican, monetariamente el problema, y brindan elementos propositivos de reasignación mediante la simulación, en procura de escenarios prospectivos, a la vez se busca brindar un aporte teórico, con la generación de un marco conceptual para el entendimiento del análisis de la eficiencia, eficacia y equidad del Sistema Educativo Boliviano. Los resultados muestran que la estimación de ingresos por características observables de interés, que asocian las inequidades generan una reducción del retorno a la educación al 6.72 %. En cuanto a diferenciales de ingreso, es posible verificar que independientemente del nivel educativo, las mujeres ganas menos que los hombres, las personas que habitan en el área rural ganan menos que las del área urbana, y que - por condición étnica - el indígena gana menos que el no indígena. Dando una mirara a los gastos, en la distinción del fin plenamente educativo diferenciado del administrativo, se muestra que el costo administrativo no educativo de fuente pública represente más de un tercio del total del costo total, mientras que este costo de fuente privada un 20 por ciento, donde el costo administrativo público respecto del privado es 8 veces más grande, y que el costo con fin educativo público es casi 3 veces más grande que el costo con fin educativo privado. En el nivel superior, el costo administrativo, a diferencia de la educación regular es de casi un 80 por ciento del costo total en relación con un 21.33% del costo con fin educativo de fuente pública; el gasto educativo de fuente privada con fin educativo es del 77.84 %, respecto al gasto administrativo no educativo que representa un 22.16 %. Como una aproximación de eficiencia, es posible apreciar que la razón costo administrativo de fuente pública es 28 veces más grande en relación al gasto de fuente privada, y el gasto con fin educativo de 1.71 veces. La investigación muestra que 549,075 personas están fuera de la educación regular, lo que representa un 19.01% del total de la población en la edad normativa de estudio, los resultados diferenciados por características observables, dan cuenta de elementos de inequidad en cuanto a las personas fuera de la escuela. En el nivel educativo superior, se relaciona eficacia al verificar total de matriculados en relación a las personas tituladas, donde es posible apreciar, que en todos los casos, la proporción de titulados respecto del total de matriculados, es inferior al 2 %. En términos relativos, la Tasa Interna de Retorno simulada, en el escenario más deseable que busca eficacia, equidad y eficiencia, puede generar retornos comparativos superiores a cualquier otro tipo de proyecto de inversión social, pauta importante para el manejo de la política pública.
... In many ways he seems to be heavily influenced by Marxist views of struggles of the classes -something Bourdieu (1986) actually mentions when he talks about people vying for positions of power, or even domination over the working class. Coleman (1988), on the other hand, went further than Bourdieu by focussing on the social groups themselves, including their structured settings, such as families or households, or an institutional setting, such as clubs and associations, be they civic, sports-oriented, political, or other. Even though he was -at least initially -mostly interested in the value of family and education in a family member's later creation of social networks, Coleman nevertheless points out from the start that social networks are formed through a mutual understanding of obligations, expectations, and trustworthiness. ...
After the 1989 change of economic and political regimes in Bulgaria, sustained citizen involvement in civic life has declined over the past decades, save for occasional street protests. This is especially noticeable for students of the Millennial and subsequent generation. While Sofia university students participate in street protests, overall youth apathy is reflected in un-sustained involvement in civic life. Sofia students and recent university graduates appear to live in largely unconnected social 'silos', composed of close friends and family on the one hand, and other friends, students or work colleagues, on the other hand. These silos are anchored in specific urban neighbourhoods and in students' hometowns. In terms of social capital, students' social circles comprise stable bonding capital with a high degree of trust, and less stable bridging capital with limited trust, including temporary alliances with other social groups. Social interaction among students has been observed for periods between two and seven years. Informants maintain stable bonding capital beyond their university years, while their bridging capital is occasionally re-composed for specific purposes. This points towards the existence of a flexible, adaptable social capital category, which I call "Flex Capital". Sustained student involvement in civic life appears to be hindered by their unstable bridging capital; a lack of leadership within social groups, and by the narrowly-scoped spatial setting of social interaction.
... When compared to buying new systems or adding features or applications to existing ones, integration with existing systems is closely linked to cost savings. Compared to weak ties and ineffective communication, improved collaboration and communication may help save time and money [40]. ...
The establishment of a Learning Management System (LMS) is a critical foundation for effective teaching and learning in virtual environments, enabling active participation by educators and learners. This study investigates the transition from self-hosted to cloud-based LMSs, focusing on a collaborative project between the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) initiated in late 2010. Using a three-step Focus Group Interview (FGI) process involving six experts in e-learning and human resource development (HRD), the study identifies latent elements and evaluates factors based on the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Key findings highlight scalability, cost-effectiveness, integration with current systems, support for a variety of learning formats, and improved collaboration and communication, with a particular emphasis on supporting varied learning modalities and cost efficiency. The results indicate that cloud-based LMSs provide significant cost advantages for public institutions and meet the diverse educational needs of students. Cost reduction and adaptability to global enterprise collaboration emerge as crucial considerations for LMS adoption in public-sector settings.
... The human capital and competencies dimension refers to all the knowledge influencing human behaviour: know-how, abilities, and competencies. The concept of human capital pertains to the individual's knowledge and abilities that allow for changes in action and economic growth (Coleman, 1988). According to an EE perspective, human capital improves the learning experience and outcomes. ...
Entrepreneurship Education (EE) recently emerged as a relevant factor in fostering entrepreneurial dynamics. Accordingly, scholars and practitioners have widely acknowledged that the exploration and exploitation of knowledge-based dimensions strongly influence the effectiveness of EE. Despite this, a holistic knowledge-based perspective about EE is still missing. To fill this gap, this paper first identifies and categorizes the potential knowledge-based dimensions grounding EE and then provides a set of case studies to show the theoretical framework's application to current real EE programming. The paper combines deductive and inductive approaches. After elaborating a conceptual framework identifying the potential knowledge-based dimensions for EE, it is tested and applied in three real EE programs developed in Italy and in Finland. The study elaborates a dedicated conceptual framework and identifies the potential knowledge asset dimensions grounding EE programs. Then, a multiple case-study analysis enriches the proposed conceptual arguments with empirical evidence. This paper contributes to developing the literature on EE according to a knowledge- based perspective.
... Furthermore, social capital theory posits that education contributes not only to individual human capital but also to collective social capital by strengthening networks and social relationships that facilitate cooperation and economic growth. Inequality in access to education can thus amplify income inequalities by limiting opportunities for disadvantaged social classes (Coleman, 1988). Kuznets (1995) showed that economic progress generates inequality, which diminishes over time with the increase in per capita income. ...
This paper seeks to provide empirical evidence on the contribution of human capital, measured by education, to reducing income inequalities in Morocco over the period from 1984 to 2015. The analysis of the dynamics of variables related to education and income disparities has revealed two major findings. Firstly, the educational level
of the Moroccan labor force is notably weak, with an average of barely six years of schooling, as well as the persistence of educational inequalities over time and across regions, along with high dropout and repetition rates. These factors suggest a limited contribution of human capital accumulation of reducing income disparities in
Morocco. Secondly, the persistence of income inequalities between different social classes, where a minority of the population holds a substantial share of wealth, is an undeniable reality. Furthermore, the ARDL time series estimation technique has yielded important results. In the short term, educational disparities are likely to make
income distribution more egalitarian. Regarding the expansion of education, measured by the average number of years of schooling, it has no significant immediate effect on the dependent variable. This result suggests that wage inequalities in Morocco are in a "composition" phase and have not yet reached a "compression" phase. However,
in the long-term relationship, the only variable having a significant effect on the dependent variable is the average number of years of schooling. Thus, a 1% increase in the average level of education reduces educational inequalities by 0.05%. Consequently, the estimated relationship suggests that an increase in investment in
education in Morocco would not only raise the average level of schooling but also reduce educational inequalities, both of which are likely to reduce income inequalities.
... Based on the information above, social capital is closely related to the activities of a group or community to improve social welfare which contains elements of trust and honesty, norms and values, networking, social solidarity, responsibility, local wisdom, and harmony. Coleman's (Coleman, 1988) diagrammatic scheme below is expected to make it easier to understand and illustrate the relationship between social capital and its elements. Picture 1. relationship between social capital and its elements. ...
This study focuses on the growth and development of radicalism in the Lamongan Regency area and the forms and variants of co-religious conflicts in the Tuban Regency area. These two focuses do not intend to compare Lamongan and Tuban as study destinations but explore the two regions with different questions. The next focus is the da'wah model based on socio cultural capital in preventing radicalism and religious conflicts in Lamongan Regency and Tuban Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of grounded theory according to the stages of the type of research. Socio cultural capital is diverse and meaningful, stretching from the potential of natural resources, economy, culture, customs, arts, and religion. The results of the analysis show that the dominant factors that cause the growth of radical ideas in Lamongan Regency are limited religious knowledge and insight, mistakes in choosing teachers, low levels of economic welfare, provocation of online media, sectarianism, disappointment with social, political, economic and legal conditions, and weak government control over educational institutions and pesantren affiliated with radical groups. The form of religious conflict that occurred in Tuban Regency was a peaceful action, which is an action carried out by Muslims without violence in order to address sectarian and communal issues. The socio cultural capital of the Lamongan and Tuban communities has a diversity ranging from the potential of natural resources, economy, culture, customs, arts, and religion, giving birth to five da'wah models for preventing radicalism and religious conflicts. The five da'wah models in question are economic-based, institution-based, village-based mosques, pesantren, and based on local wisdom.
... Recent scholarship has questioned the causal effects of intergenerational closure, dense networks of parents around the school enabling the enforcement of pro-school norms 16,17 . Our null findings for parental network integration align with those studies and suggest that social embeddedness in parental networks may be less relevant than has been theorized in the social capital literature 9,27 . Future research could further critically engage with social capital effects in school careers. ...
Using register data and linked student-level sociometric survey data from the Netherlands, this study examines whether the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schooling outcomes (track recommendation and track enrollment in the seventh and ninth grades) is conditional on students’ academic and social embeddedness in the school setting. We estimated the counterfactual outcomes for the cohort that went through the school transition during the pandemic based on the outcomes of the pre-pandemic cohort, with similar earlier achievements, schools, and social backgrounds. Results show that the pandemic’s effect on tracking outcomes is weaker than its effect on student test scores elsewhere reported. Nevertheless, the pandemic has had stronger adverse impact on disadvantaged students. Moreover, student self-efficacy, academic motivation, and parental involvement are related to more negligible negative pandemic effects on schooling outcomes. We find no evidence for an association between student grit or parental network centrality and the magnitude of estimated pandemic effects.
... Tightly knit communities, in which people help one another offer valuable social capital to their residents. When members of these communities encourage values that align with socially responsible behavior, such as maintaining a job or attending school, cultural capital can be a tangible benefit of social capital (Coleman, 1988;Rotberg, 2001). ...
... Secondo la teoria del capitale sociale (Coleman, 1988;Putnam, 1993;Brush et al., 2002), il capitale sociale e relazionale rappresenta una risorsa critica nell'economia della conoscenza. Esso si riferisce alla somma delle relazioni che un imprenditore instaura con l'ambiente esterno e gli stakeholder volte a generare valore aziendale (Dal Mas et al., 2019). ...
L’imprenditorialità è il fattore chiave che consente alle aziende di essere dinamiche, di favorire il cambiamento strategico (Ireland et al., 2003), di costruire nuove capacità e vantaggi competitivi (Zahra & Hayton, 2008), di migliorare le prestazioni e la crescita dell’azienda (Kuratko et al., 2021) nonché di creare ricchezza economica (Dess et al., 2003) e valore per gli azionisti (Narayanan et al., 2009). Dopo una breve introduzione sul concetto di imprenditorialità, questo studio teorico ha esaminato le teorie sull’imprenditorialità femminile al fine di comprendere meglio l’evoluzione della ricerca in questo campo, esplorare considerazioni sociali ed etiche che motivano le imprenditrici e
identificare le sfide sensibili al genere che esse devono affrontare, “perché le donne affrontano sfide diverse o perché affrontano le stesse situazioni in modo diverso rispetto agli uomini, sebbene conducano la loro attività nello stesso ambiente aziendale” (Akter et al., 2019). L’obiettivo di questo capitolo è stato pertanto quello di riassumere, attraverso una revisione narrativa e tradizionale della letteratura e adottando un approccio interdisciplinare, le diverse principali prospettive manageriali, economiche e sociologiche che hanno caratterizzato la ricerca accademica
sull’imprenditorialità femminile, tracciando un quadro più completo sull’evoluzione del fenomeno, indentificando le questioni emergenti in questo campo di ricerca e offrendo un utile riferimento per ricerche future, teoriche ed empiriche.
Attualmente la sfida è consentire alle donne che fanno impresa di avere successo nei settori emergenti e in crescita, come l’economia verde, l’e-commerce, la digitalizzazione, integrando l’educazione all’imprenditorialità nella loro formazione, dedicando finanziamenti alle imprese femminili e incentivi a favore delle aziende guidate da donne che pongono le pratiche di sostenibilità al centro della loro strategia aziendale, svolgendo servizi
di orientamento e supporto che incoraggiano le imprenditrici ad andare avanti, ad essere attive anche nei settori a predominanza maschile e ad affrontare il divario digitale di genere. Elevare il tasso di imprenditorialità femminile richiede altresì di elevare il tasso di partecipazione delle donne al mercato del lavoro. Occorre pertanto dare pieno sostegno al potenziale imprenditoriale delle donne, da un lato per stimolare la crescita dell’economia e della società e, dall’altro lato, per creare modelli di riferimento in grado di ispirare e motivare le giovani donne che intendono affrontare la
sfida della creazione e della gestione delle proprie imprese.
... The supporting literature for bonding, bridging, and linking social capital is as follows: strong and weak ties by Granovetter (1983); bonding social capital by Coleman (Coleman, 1988); vertical or linking networks by Putnam et al. (1994); bridging vs. bonding associations by Putnam (2000); and bonding, bridging, and linking social capital by Woolcock (2001). We have chosen the three types of social capital, including bonding, bridging, and linking, because they align with a widely recognised and widely studied framework in various fields such as sustainable development (Woolcock and Narayan, 2000), public health (Szreter and Woolcock, 2004), and disaster management (Kyne and Aldrich, 2020). ...
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the Qatar 2022 World Cup in promoting bonding, bridging, and linking social capital within the host community and beyond. A total of 403 respondents completed a researcher-made questionnaire 12 months after the event. One sample t-test indicated that all three forms of social capital exceeded the test value significantly (P < 0.01). Residents of Qatar scored significantly higher in bridging and linking social capital compared to participants from other countries (P < 0.01). Arab respondents exhibited greater levels of linking social capital compared to non-Arab Muslims, whereas non-Arab Muslims demonstrated higher levels than respondents from other nationalities (4.444 > 3.852 > 3.349, P < 0.01). Residing in the host community and reaping benefits from an event can lead to a more positive perception of the event's social capital. Facilitating the participation of individuals with diverse backgrounds in sporting events can help to develop social capital across borders.
... The normative approach is aimed at the nature of the social organization, that is, the norms, values and beliefs that influence the way of social interaction. The main authors who apply this approach, such as James Coleman (1988), Robert Putnam (1995), Francis Fukuyama (1999), through this way of defining social capital indicate the degree of cooperativeness and trustworthiness of individuals. ...
... Understanding the influence of family cultural capital on scientific literacy is crucial for designing targeted interventions that support families in enhancing their children's educational outcomes (Bourdieu, 1986). By highlighting the role of the school environment, this study underscores the need for improved science education practices and resources that can foster a conducive learning atmosphere for developing scientific literacy (Coleman, 1988). Furthermore, the exploration of peer influences offers insights into how social interactions among students can be leveraged to promote collaborative learning and a positive attitude towards science . ...
This study explores the influence of family cultural capital, school environment, and peer relationships on the scientific literacy of primary school students in Chengdu City, China. As scientific literacy becomes increasingly vital for students to navigate the complexities of modern society, this study examines how these socio-cultural factors collectively impact students' understanding and engagement with science. Family cultural capital, including parental education and home resources, plays a critical role in shaping scientific literacy. Simultaneously, the school environment and quality of science education, along with peer relationships, significantly influence students' academic motivation and performance in science. By analyzing these interactions, this paper provides valuable insights into the socio-cultural determinants of scientific literacy, offering practical recommendations for educators and policymakers to foster improved educational outcomes in Chengdu and similar urban settings.1
... For social capital theory, the focus lies on social connections and roles that facilitate civic engagement (Coleman 1988;Principi et al. 2012;Putnam 2000). In the civic engagement literature, these variables commonly include employment status and partner status (e.g. ...
Civic engagement is increasingly relevant for healthy and active ageing and addressing social exclusion among older people. Current research focuses primarily on formal volunteering , overlooking other ways older people contribute to their families and communities. This study addresses these gaps by recognising civic engagement as multi-dimensional-including associational engagement, informal care-giving, formal volunteering, digital engagement and formal/informal political engagement-and exploring activity combinations among older individuals. Using data from the 2016 European Quality of Life Survey (33 European countries), it examines the civic engagement of 9,031 individuals aged 65+. Descriptive analysis maps their multi-dimensional civic engagement, while latent class analysis identifies distinct engagement profiles and explores which activities are combined. It also investigates the socio-structural and social capital resources associated with each profile. Findings reveal that 32 per cent of older individuals are not engaged in civic activities. Among the civically engaged, five profiles emerge, illustrating varied engagement across multiple activities. Many older people (35.8 per cent) combine several civic activities, albeit in different combinations. Informal care-giving can be found in all profiles; and for a large part of the population, it is their only civic activity, while another profile displays older Europeans engaged in several activities simultaneously. Higher levels of socio-structural resources are associated with greater diversity in civic engagement in later life. Interventions and policies therefore must consider the diverse circumstances and preferences of older people and valorise and include all forms of multi-dimensional civic engagement, including informal care-giving, in policy making.
... The composition of green intellectual capital includes distinctions, notably human capital and structural capital, as identified in previous studies (Roos and Roos, 1997). Human capital encapsulates an employee's total knowledge, skills, ingenuity and ability to achieve goals (Coleman, 1988;Zhang, 2021). In contrast, structural capital encompasses the repository of patents, trademarks, computer hardware, software, databases, organizational culture and competencies within an organization, encompassing organizational infrastructure and innovative capital (Roos and Roos, 1997). ...
Purpose
To contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, this study aims to explore how to encourage innovative green behaviors among college students and the mechanisms behind the formation of green innovation behavior. Specifically, this study examines the influences of schools, mentors and college students themselves.
Design/methodology/approach
A multilevel, multisource study involving 261 students from 51 groups generally supported this study’s predictions.
Findings
Proenvironmental and responsible mentors significantly predicted innovative green behavior among college students. In addition, creative motivation mediated the logical chain among green intellectual capital, emotional intelligence and green innovation behavior.
Practical implications
The study findings offer new insights into the conditions required for college students to engage in green innovation. In addition, they provide practical implications for cultivating green innovation among college students.
Originality/value
The authors proposed and tested a multilevel theory based on the ability–motivation–opportunity framework. In this model, proenvironmental and responsible mentors, green intellectual capital and emotional intelligence triggered innovative green behavior among college students through creative motivation.
... El capital social es definido como la red de contactos de un individuo donde se mantienen relaciones de confianza mutua y apoyo, y donde se comparten experiencias, ideales y normas comunes (Coleman, 1988;Hassanzadeh y Asadi-lari et al., 2016; citados por Lee, Lee y Song, 2019). Este actúa como un factor protector y de seguridad que beneficia la salud mental y previene los problemas psicológicos como la ansiedad y la depresión ( (2019). ...
Introducción: En el presente artículo se investiga la relación entre autoestima, capital social, confianza y satisfacción con el capital social en personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina1 en 2022 en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se llevó a cabo una encuesta semiestructurada aplicada a una muestra no probabilística de 255 personas mayores de 60 años de América Latina, provenientes de República Dominicana, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Bolivia y México. Los datos fueron procesados y se construyeron índices de cada dimensión siguiendo la Escala de Rosenberg (1965) y el trabajo de Lee, Lee y Song (2019). Posteriormente se evaluó la normalidad de los indicadores, su distribución y correlación desagregando los resultados por sexo y rango etario, ya sean mayores o menores de 60 años. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la pandemia afectó negativamente el capital social debido al distanciamiento social y la pérdida de interacciones, afectando la salud mental de los adultos mayores. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la autoestima entre hombres y mujeres (p=0.01), pero no en capital social, satisfacción y confianza. También se observaron diferencias en los promedios de capital social entre hombres mayores y menores de 60 años (p=0.03). No hubo diferencias significativas en mujeres mayores y menores de 60 años ni en hombres mayores y mujeres. Entre hombres menores de 60 años y mujeres, solo la autoestima mostró diferencia significativa (p=0.01). Conclusiones: para mejorar la autoestima y la salud mental de las personas mayores, se deberían fomentar espacios de interacción que fortalezcan tanto la red social como la confianza interpersonal.
... Por su parte, la teoría socioestructural se ha enfocado en la relación entre la participación política de los mayores y factores como el nivel educativo, los ingresos y la salud (Guillemot y Price, 2017), demostrando una correspondencia entre una mayor participación con un mayor nivel educativo, de ingresos y un buen estado físico y mental. Por otro lado, la teoría del capital social pone el énfasis en las redes y conexiones sociales de las personas como disparadores del compromiso cívico y de la participación (Coleman, 1988;Putnam, 2003). Mientras que la teoría de la movilización de recursos tiene en cuenta la disponibilidad de medios económicos, sociales y de tiempo; de acuerdo con esta teoría, la participación política es una decisión racional que evalúa los costos y beneficios de la participación ( Jenkins, 1994). ...
Aunque hay avances respecto al estudio de la participación política en la vejez, falta conocimiento sobre la participación de personas migrantes mayores en protestas. El propósito del presente estudio etnográfico fue el de conocer el papel de adultos mayores migrantes en las protestas por el pago de pensiones organizadas por venezolanos en España, desde la perspectiva subjetiva de los propios actores. Se realizaron entrevistas a 22 manifestantes, complementadas con revisión documental y observación participante. Los hallazgos refutan la idea de disminución de la participación política en la vejez, cuestionando estereotipos como la pasividad y vulnerabilidad. Además, las protestas se presentan como formas de agencia y resistencia identitaria transnacional que desafían e instrumentalizan estigmas relacionados con la vejez. En conclusión, este estudio contribuye a comprender la participación política de los mayores migrantes, subrayando su papel significativo en la acción colectiva y cuestionando estereotipos edadistas.
... We use Putnam's social capital theory (2000) to theorise the data. Social capital, in various iterations (Bourdieu 1990;Coleman 1988), is used to 'call attention to the ways in which our lives are made more productive by social ties' (Putnam 2000, 19). Through these social ties, individuals and communities can gain a relative advantage by gaining access to civic virtue. ...
This comparative paper considers the similar challenges encountered
in Beijing (China) and Greater London (England) when engaging
low-income families in education research. Through semistructured
interviews with 10 parents/caregivers in Beijing and 13
parents in Greater London, we explored perceptions of the barriers
to participation, the influence of identity on involvement, and ways
to better enable their contribution to education research. We found
that key barriers to research participation across both cohorts
centred on practical issues of a lack of time and childcare support
and a sense of the pointlessness of research. Despite these commonalities,
subtle differences emerged in how these barriers were
experienced in each context, influenced by local socio-cultural
factors. We conclude by reflecting on the forms of support that
would encourage and enable socio-economically disadvantaged
parents/caregivers in different country contexts to take part in
education research. Our findings contribute new, comparative
knowledge to best practice approaches, highlighting specific policy
interventions that could improve the diversity of research
participation.
... Community engagement in schools is a critical component of student achievement (Anderson et al., 2010;Bryk & Schneider, 2002;Coleman, 1988;McAlister, 2013;Sanders, 2006). Research shows that schools that develop strong community partnerships have (a) higher percentages of students achieving at grade level (Sheldon, 2003), (b) increased parent volunteerism (Anderson et al., 2010), (c) support for school reform efforts (McAllister, 1995), (d) increased student test scores (Blank et al., 2012;Sheldon, 2007a), (e) increased student attendance (Sheldon, 2003(Sheldon, , 2007bSheldon & Epstein, 2004), and (f) connections for students to learning opportunities outside of school (Blank et al., 2003). ...
The purpose of this study is to describe the school and community partnership model to improve the quality of the educational environment. This study is a literature study of data collection methods in the form of journals and scientific articles related to research studies. The analysis used in this study includes a review of the latest research findings and screening of relevant research materials. This study reveals that school and community partnership models, such as the Caring School Project (Rudolph, 2009) and the School Community Council Model (Diehl et al., 2005), the Ohio Community Collaborative Model (OCCMSI) (Anderson-Butcher et al., 2008) and the National Partnership School Network (NNPS) Model (Sanders et al., 2005) show that school-community partnerships are not only limited to academic teaching but also include the social and economic well-being of students. Effective collaboration between schools and communities can create broader support for students, increase family involvement, and resolve local challenges that affect the quality of education. Educational success depends not only on the school's internal efforts but also on how they work together with the community. Good collaboration between schools, families, and community organizations can create a more supportive educational environment conducive to student success.
... Many of the core articles of economic sociology have been published in generalist journals and continue to be some of the most widely cited in sociology (e.g. see the study by Healy, 2014;Coleman, 1988;DiMaggio and Powell, 1983;Granovetter, 1985;Portes, 1998;Uzzi, 1996;Woolcock, 1998). The institutionalization of economic sociology has been so successful that it has resulted in the curiosity of U.S. News and World Report's annual rankings of Sociology graduate programs providing a sub-ranking of programs with expertise in economic sociology -one of only six such subfields in 2024. ...
This Current Sociology Monograph draws together six articles that broker novel concepts into economic sociology. To orient this enterprise, this article examines the concepts of creativity and novelty in social theory and explains why it is challenging work to broker concepts across intellectual communities. To understand the existing boundaries across which one could broker, it next describes how the subfield of economic sociology has been shaped by the separation of economics and sociology as distinct fields, which ultimately led to a decline of sociologists studying the economy. Two counter-acting organizational forces that sought to institutionalize a subfield of economic sociology was the formation in the mid-1970s of the International Sociological Association’s Research Committee on Economy and Society (ISA RC02), and the institutionalization in the mid-1980s of the New Economic Sociology. The latter became a global brand exported from the United States that eclipsed the former. The New Economic Sociology, a community of scholars primarily based in and focused on the United States and typically indifferent (if not skeptical) to neo-Marxist approaches and international political economy, became globally associated with what constitutes economic sociology (and what is not). Consequently, it would be beneficial to broker in concepts to economic sociology beyond the historic limitations of the New Economic Sociology.
... "Social Capital" was used by Coleman (1988) to denote aspects of social relationships as resources for achieving interests. Social capital refers to informal norms or values that community members collectively embrace to foster cooperation (Fukuyama, 2002). ...
Social capital has been recognized as a route through which empowerment may ensue in a developing nation like Bangladesh. This research investigated the relationship between social capital formation and women's empowerment in Bangladesh. A narrative review was performed to derive conclusions from secondary data for this qualitative study, employing a descriptive research design. Two themes emerged from the findings: the role of social capital in capacity building and the significance of network building as a means of establishing social capital. Firstly, women's participation in social networks increases their likelihood of making strategic decisions regarding themselves and the community. Secondly, women's engagement in self-help projects and credit groups, which are based on women groups, helped them to build their capability in those sectors along with the rise in education and entrepreneurship. However, challenges coming from deeply rooted traditions, conservative religious practices, and family and social values contradict the benefits of social capital women may derive from them. Thus, social capital must be considered for the policies concerning future community development and women's empowerment. This study also provides guidelines for further study with broader scope and systematic studies in the future.
... It serves as both a bonding agent and a valuable asset for enhancing social well-being and overall quality of life, as extensively addressed by (Coleman, 1988). Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge the existence of power dynamics when understanding the current state of capital development. ...
The Indonesian government's commitment to sustainable development includes reducing emissions by 29% by 2030, with initiatives like the Sumba Iconic Island, which aims to provide 100% renewable energy on Sumba Island. Despite the economic opportunities this initiative offers, women in Sumba, especially in remote areas like Luku Wingir Village, face significant barriers, including limited access to energy resources and exclusion from decision-making processes due to traditional power dynamics and caste systems. This research aims to explore how renewable energy programs can address these challenges and promote gender equality. Using qualitative methods such as desk research, interviews, and focus group discussions, the research examines the potential of renewable energy initiatives to transform gender norms and empower marginalized groups. The results suggest that such programs can positively influence women's economic participation and improve overall rural community well-being by challenging existing power dynamics. The research’s findings have important implications for the design and implementation of inclusive renewable energy initiatives, particularly in fostering gender equity and sustainable development in rural areas.
... According to Coleman (1988), social capital is a set of resources that facilitate action, which takes three forms. These are obligations and expectations based on the reliability of the social environment, the capacity of the social structure to ensure the flow of information, and the presence of norms, the enforcement of which is facilitated by a system of appropriate sanctions. ...
One of the underlying assumptions of our research on the success of small size, flat NGOs is that the human resources and leadership of the organization are a significant soft determinant of organizational success. However, it can be difficult to measure these factors on a quantitative way, in practical research work. There is therefore a need to broaden the perspective, to put human resources and organisational leadership into a broader perspective, to help in the sample selection of the planned research and to operationalise the research questions. This paper attempts to do so. During exploring the soft factors of organisational success, we can soon conclude that human resource management and leadership can be understood as organisational responses to the labour market and the human capital available in it, i.e. to the factors of production. And all these factors are undergoing significant change today as a result of Industry 4.0. This study starts from a microeconomic definition of the labour market and human capital, then moves on to the relationship between social capital and success through the interrelationship between organisational behaviour and organisational structure. In addition to an overview of conceptual frameworks and changes, the focus is on the interrelationships between concepts. Along these interrelationships, we will describe those points which can define the sample selection and research questions of planned further research.
Social networks may help individuals maintain their mental health. Most empirical work based on small-scale surveys finds that cohesive social networks are critical for mental well-being, while diverse networks are considered less important. Here, we link data on antidepressant use of 277,344 small-town residents to a nationwide online social network. The data enable us to examine how individuals’ mental health care is related to the spatial characteristics of their social networks including their ties in the local community and connections to distant communities. We find that, besides the cohesion of social networks around home, the diversity of connections to distant places is negatively correlated with the probability of antidepressant use. Spatial diversity of social networks is also associated with decreasing dosage in subsequent years. This relationship is independent from the local access to antidepressants and is more prevalent for young individuals. Structural features of spatial social networks are prospectively associated with depression treatment.
Personen die actief op de arbeidsmarkt zijn en een hoger inkomen hebben, zijn meer bereid om organen te doneren. Dit wordt deels verklaard door het hogere opleidingsniveau en de hogere leeftijd die gerelateerd zijn aan meer inkomen. Als hiervoor wordt gecorrigeerd, blijken studenten het voortouw in orgaandonatie te nemen. Daarnaast zijn vooral herkomst en religie belangrijke kenmerken om de bereidheid tot orgaandonatie te duiden.
We aim to examine the participation of Syrian migrants in social and cultural activities in Turkey and compare the frequency of participation with Turkish respondents. The second aim is to study the role and influence of participation in social and cultural activities on subjective well-being (SWB). Syrians who read Turkish books and visit museums and historical sites, those who invite or are invited by Turkish friends, and those who have Turkish friends are more likely to experience high SWB than Turkish respondents do. The findings also emphasize the critical role of socioeconomic factors, such as education, wealth, and income, in sociocultural participation. Thus, this study shows that integration and social inclusion should not be attributed solely to immigrants but should also rely on the efforts of the recipient societies since financial constraints and income disparities can potentially make it more difficult for migrants’ sociocultural participation.
Floodplain restoration is an approved stormwater management method, but rarely chosen by developers due to the perceived high cost and lengthy approvals required from regulatory agencies. Yet, when chosen, restoring a floodplain yields significant environmental benefits for the community due to improved flood resiliency and wetland habitat and superior reduction of negative externalities. In 2012, a corporation in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, explored the option to restore a historic floodplain on its 40‐hectare property to fulfill the stormwater management requirements for a planned development project. There was a social dynamic at play in this instance that allowed the developer, municipality, and citizens to achieve a win across three dimensions often in conflict: maximizing private economic returns, achieving environmental compliance, and benefiting the community ecologically. Using a social–ecological system (SES) framework, this paper analyzes the course of the development project through the government approvals process and the actual restoration of the floodplain. Two influential actors are identified who do not often appear in the literature on SESs: sports advocacy groups and religious groups. We posit that the developer's industry was uniquely receptive to conservation appeals and that the proximity of an urban metropolis made collective action a relevant strategy for the region. Critical factors in the decision process were the cost–benefit analysis contracted by the developer, local (county) government leadership, and a history of local citizen activism. We conclude that a misalignment of anthropogenic and ecological boundaries can prevent such positive outcomes and that collective action is a viable strategy to overcome that challenge.
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