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Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in DEA
... In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of small-scale lowland rice farming in CRS, as in Charnes et al. (1978), and VRS, as in Banker et al. (1984). The CRS assumption proposed by Charnes et al. (1978) scored the overall technical efficiency by solving Equation 1 (the objective function of the linear programming model). ...
... The use of the VRS specification will allow the calculation of TE without SE effect. Banker et al. (1984) suggested an extension of the DEA CRS model to account for variable returns to scale (VRS) situations. The CRS linear programming problem can be modified to VRS by adding the convexity constraint: N1'λ =1 on the equation (1): , , Subject to: ≤ , ≥ , 1 ′ = 1, ≥ 0, ...
... (2) Where; N1 = N x 1 vector of ones. The VRS approach, as in Banker et al. (1984), is commonly found on farms. Based on this, we analyzed the efficiency of small-scale lowland rice farming in Indonesia using the DEA, CRS, and VRS approaches. ...
Rice has historically been very important for humans, especially in Asia, because human life has depended on the quantity and stability of rice production. Most of the rice was produced on a small scale, but small-scale agriculture was a source of inefficiency. Increased efficiency could help lowland rice farmers subsequently, increasing household income. This study was conducted as a survey, collecting data using a questionnaire. Data collected include farmer education, age, gender, farming experience, number of family members, farming scale, use of production inputs, prices of production inputs, participation of female farmers, use of semi-organic fertilizers, rice cultivation systems, and other data related to the objectives of the study. Using the DEA method (Data Envelopment Analysis), this study analyzed the efficiency of lowland rice farming in Indonesia. The results showed that there are inefficiencies in lowland rice farming in Indonesia. This implies that lowland rice farmers in Indonesia have the potential to increase their farming efficiency. Increased efficiency of lowland rice farming could be accomplished by the use of more superior seeds, access to extension services, and cultivation systems (semi-organic and inorganic). In addition, farmers with small-scale farming can join to become large-scale, and managers with less than elementary school education. They could access more counseling so that their experience and knowledge of rice farming increase. Male and female farmers were advised to further increase their available resources so that the efficiency of lowland rice farming could be improved. To increase farming efficiency and farmers' household incomes, the government could more often offer extensions to farmers in rural communities.
... The CRS model, developed by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (namely as the CCR model), assumes that the relationship between the efficiency and scale of operations (technology) remains constant [1]. In contrast, the VRS model, developed by Banker, Cooper, and Charnes (namely as the BCC model), considers the variability in the operation's scale [2]. Differing from the CCR model, the BCC model considers that the DMU's efficiency can vary based on whether it operates in the region of CRS, Decreasing Returns to Scale All the aforementioned network DEA models utilize radial efficiency measures, which assume proportional changes in inputs and outputs [10]. ...
... Lozano and Villa [28] pioneered an integer radial DEA model, assuming all inputs or outputs are integer values. Nevertheless, this is a significant limitation: it violates key DEA principles such as free disposability, convexity, and CRS [2]. To address this limitation, Kuosmanen and Matin [29] introduced new axiom foundations for integer-valued DEA models, introducing a new Production Possibility Set (PPS) that accommodates both non-integer and integer inputs and outputs within the BCC model. ...
... Past researchers have explored non-radial integer-valued DEA models as alternatives to the radial model, drawing from the foundational principles outlined by Matin and Kuosmanen [30]. For instance, Matin [31] presented a novel concept, incorporating integer-valued data into the additive model initially proposed by Banker et al. [2]. An approach for achieving super efficiency in an additive integer-valued DEA model has also been introduced, which involves a two-stage process to categorize DMUs as either inefficient or efficient [32]. ...
This study develops an alternative approach to the parallel network Slack-Based Measure (SBM) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, offering a more accurate and informative assessment of performance within a network system. Traditional DEA models solely focus on the input utilization and the outputs produced when assessing efficiency, disregarding the operation of internal processes within a network system. In addition, these approaches do not assess the concurrent requirement of hybrid integer-valued data and uncontrollable factors on efficiency measures. To address these gaps, we propose a novel approach to parallel network SBM DEA model that integrates hybrid integer-valued data with uncontrollable factors, aiming for a more precise evaluation. Both requirements were initially integrating into the existing method. Subsequently, the optimal solution for the proposed method was achieved by converting its fractional form into a linear one. Therefore, the measures of the proposed approach can now deal directly with controllable hybrid integer- valued input and output slacks. We applied this model to a dataset of 26 faculties in a Malaysian public university, followed by a comparative analysis with existing models. Empirical findings indicate that four (4) faculties are found to be overall effective, as all of their internal processes are effective, while the other faculties are ineffective since not all of their internal processes are effective. The results from our model enable decision-makers to identify ineffectiveness within network processes, thereby facilitating targeted improvements in system performance. By concentrating on the appropriate processes, management can enhance their overall effectiveness and internal effectiveness.
... The data-wrapping analysis model was first developed in the 1950s by Debreu (1951), Koopmans (1951) and Farrell (1957). He advanced further refinements with Charnes et al. (1978) and Banker et al. (1984), giving rise to the current method. The two main models are CRS (constant scale returns) and VRS (variable scale returns). ...
... For modifications to variables, they can be oriented to Input or Output. There are four main categories of models: VRS/Input, CRS/Output, VRS/Input and CRS/Output (Banker et al., 1984). ...
... The proposed study used the variable return scale (VRS) model guided by input deducted by Banker et al. (1984). Its primary formulation, defined as the Multiplier Model, is determined by equation 1. ...
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental efficiency of municipalities located in the Araguaia River Valley, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, focusing on the relationship between economic development and sustainability, aiming to identify practices that promote the conservation of biodiversity and the reduction of environmental impacts. Theoretical Framework: The text addresses concepts of sustainable development and sustainability, highlighting important distinctions between them. It highlights the relevance of urban planning, in association with the Sustainable Development Goals, as a tool for including environmental factors in promoting environmental quality and the well-being of communities. In this sense, the rational use of natural resources appears to be a preponderant and essential factor in ensuring sustainability and promoting balanced development. Method: This is a qualitative and quantitative approach. The data were obtained through the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics website for the Gross Domestic Product variable and on the Terrabrasilis website for the deforestation variable, involving 25 municipalities in Mato Grosso, in the Araguaia river basin. Based on the data, the R software was used to process the information, using a mathematical model based on Data Envelopment Analysis. Results and Discussion: The results showed a low level of environmental efficiency in the VRS model, with average values of 0.25762 (2017), 0.21655 (2018), 0.36978 (2019), 0.214396 (2020) and 0.28803 (2021). A minority of municipalities were highlighted in environmental efficiency, indicating that they are located on the DEA production frontier, pointing to a balance between environmental protection and economic growth. The success of the municipalities that stood out demonstrates the importance of planning, social mobilization and commitment, it is possible to reverse or minimize the scenario of environmental degradation. Research Implications: The study points to the need for public policies aimed at improving the environmental efficiencies of municipalities that showed lower performance, especially minimizing deforestation. Originality/Value: The originality of the study focuses on the importance of studies aimed at measuring environmental efficiency in the municipalities that make up the cerrado, highlighting the importance of preserving and conserving this biome.
... initially developed by (Charnes, Cooper, & Rhodes, 1978), has subsequently been adapted and modified by (Banker, Charnes, & Coopers, 1984). ...
... As developed by (Charnes, Cooper, & Rhodes, 1978), and modified by (Banker, Charnes, & Coopers, 1984), the model is formulated as following: ...
The study measured efficiency of maize production in Uganda. The study aimed at achieving two objectives i.e., to establish the performance of maize production in Uganda (at ZARDI and District level) and to determine how much inputs are required for the inefficient Decision Making Units to achieve maximum efficiency. The study used secondary data collected by National Agricultural Research Organisation(NARO) on 1445 maize and bean farmers in Uganda in 2020. The study used the Output oriented Data Envelopment Analysis model that basically answers two questions i.e., which DMUs performs better than the other and what is required to make the inefficient ones efficient. From the findings, only Bulindi ZARDI was established inefficient only operating at 95% among the ZARDIs. At district level, Kiryandongo, Masindi, Bugiri, Kiboga, Sironko, Nakaseke, Bukwo, Kole, Kakumiro, Kyankwanzi, Mityana and Iganga were marked as inefficient implying operating below 100% capacity. Sensitivity analysis on benchmarks, shadow price and slacks were done to answer the second objective. The bench mark analysis was done to establish where inefficient DMUs should draw lessons from. The shadow price analysis was done to show the unit worth of inputs ie the marginal effect/productivity of a resource to the final efficiency score. The slack analysis showed room for improvement for inefficient DMUs to be efficient. Bulindi which is inefficient among the ZARDIs has a considerable surplus of excess capacity of inputs i.e., 89.02 acres, 974 persons of Hired Labour, 16.4 litres of herbicides, 29.7 litres of pesticides, 6.45kgs of inorganic fertilizers and 4.63 litres of inorganic fertilisers suggesting optimum resource allocation and utilization of underutised resources. The inefficient districts have an excess capacity of Acreage under Maize Production, Hired Labour, Family Labour, Herbicides in litres, Pesticides in litres, Organic Fertilisers (Manure)-kg, Inogarnic Fertilisers(kg) and Inorganic Fertilisers in litres by 267.89, 968, 1463, 29.34, 37.17, 4.84, 45.16 and 18.46 units respectively suggesting suggesting need for improvement in the utilization of resources (since the resources are underutilized). The study suggested recommendations that include redistributing excess inputs, optimizing resources and improving input usage,, facilitating knowledge transfer, capacity building and training, monitoring and evaluation, research & innovation and financial support for technology adoption to improve maize production in Uganda.
... In DEA, a DMU's performance is always assessed by contrasting it with the efficiency frontier that was established from the data. There are two fundamental DEA models: the Constant Return to Scale (CCR or CRS) model with constant returns to scale and the Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) model with variable returns to scale (Charnes, et al., 1978& Banker, et al., 1984. ...
... The input and output variables in the BCC model are subject to proportional change, depending on whether the returns to scale are increasing or falling. BCC model has a convex line efficiency frontier, thus reducing the distance to the efficiency frontier for the identified inefficient DMUs (Banker, et al., 1984). ...
Trade hubs and wholesale markets are major freight handling/generating areas in cities involved in urban and regional
goods distribution. Freight transport infrastructure is capital intensive which requires due diligence to get maximum
benefits and efficiency with overall sustainable city development. Due to the scarce availability of land in urban areas,
there is a need for optimum usage of freight handling areas in cities. This research study aims to compare the
performance and efficiency of different wholesale markets of Jaipur City in India. This research paper is based on an
empirical study carried out in the city of Jaipur. The paper assesses the efficiency of five major freight handling areas
in case a city using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Primary data for operational efficiency of freight
handling areas supplemented by secondary data for the year 2019 is used for DEA analysis. DEA CRS-based
efficiency model is used for assessing the efficiency analysis of freight handling areas. A sensitivity analysis of
parameters has been carried out to assess the robustness of the results. Based on the findings, recommendations were
made at the policy level to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of freight management.
... The data-wrapping analysis model was first developed in the 1950s by Debreu (1951), Koopmans (1951) and Farrell (1957). He advanced further refinements with Charnes et al. (1978) and Banker et al. (1984), giving rise to the current method. ...
... For modifications to variables, they can be oriented to Input or Output. Thus, there are four main categories of models: VRS/Input, CRS/Output, VRS/Input and CRS/Output(Banker et al., 1984). ...
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental efficiency of municipalities located in the Araguaia River Valley, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, focusing on the relationship between economic development and sustainability, aiming to identify practices that promote the conservation of biodiversity and the reduction of environmental impacts. Theoretical Framework: The text addresses concepts of sustainable development and sustainability, highlighting important distinctions between them. It highlights the relevance of urban planning, in association with the Sustainable Development Goals, as a tool for including environmental factors in promoting environmental quality and the well-being of communities. In this sense, the rational use of natural resources appears to be a preponderant and essential factor in ensuring sustainability and promoting balanced development. Method: This is a qualitative and quantitative approach. The data were obtained through the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics website for the Gross Domestic Product variable and on the Terrabrasilis website for the deforestation variable, involving 25 municipalities in Mato Grosso, in the Araguaia river basin. Based on the data, the R software was used to process the information, using a mathematical model based on Data Envelopment Analysis. Results and Discussion: The results showed a low level of environmental efficiency in the VRS model, with average values of 0.25762 (2017), 0.21655 (2018), 0.36978 (2019), 0.214396 (2020) and 0.28803 (2021). A minority of municipalities were highlighted in environmental efficiency, indicating that they are located on the DEA production frontier, pointing to a balance between environmental protection and economic growth. The success of the municipalities that stood out demonstrates the importance of planning, social mobilization and commitment, it is possible to reverse or minimize the scenario of environmental degradation. Research Implications: The study points to the need for public policies aimed at improving the environmental efficiencies of municipalities that showed lower performance, especially minimizing deforestation. Originality/Value: The originality of the study focuses on the importance of studies aimed at measuring environmental efficiency in the municipalities that make up the cerrado, highlighting the importance of preserving and conserving this biome.
... Data envelopment analysis (DEA) model: input-oriented model DEA was selected due to its suitability for evaluating the relative efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, considering multiple input and output measures simultaneously. Instead of measuring efficiency based on averages, the DEA model is more consistent with economic theory and locates technical or Pareto inefficiencies (22), which is a method for identifying and correcting the magnitudes of these inefficiencies (23). It is widely used for the evaluation of the relative efficiency and performance of a set of decision-making units (DMUs), usually including input and output orientations. ...
... Researchers tend to choose suitable DEA models depending on their research purpose. For instance, the BCC model can be used to evaluate the relative efficiency of minimal input consumption for a given level of outputs, or the increase in output for a given input (17,23). Many hospital providers are expected to provide a given level of healthcare services with the maximal resources. ...
Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the operational efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals in China.
Methods
Pearson’s analysis was used to test the correlation between the input and output variables. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was utilized to analyze the input and output variables of 16 TCM hospitals, and each hospital efficiency score was computed by Deap 2.1, assuming variable return to scale (VRS), which is an input-oriented model. t tests were conducted to confirm the significant difference of efficiency scores at the hospital level and by hospital type, and ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in efficiency scores according to hospitals’ size.
Results
The correlation coefficient of the input and output indicators was between 0.613 and 0.956 (p < 0.05). The difference in number of doctors (ND) and numbers of pharmacists (NP) were statistically significant (p < 0.05) at the hospital level. The mean efficiency scores for technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE) in secondary TCM hospitals were 0.766, 0.919, and 0.838, respectively. Additionally, the lowest TE, PTE, and SE were 0.380, 0.426, and 0.380, respectively. Eight TCM hospitals in this study were DEA efficient, with an efficiency score of 1. There were no statistically significant differences in TE, PTE, and SE among hospital levels, hospital types or hospital sizes groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
This study revealed that tertiary TCM hospitals had a greater level of efficiency than secondary TCM hospitals. In our study, 50% of TCM hospitals had inefficient management. Therefore, to activate the new development power of TCM hospitals, it is necessary to reform and improve the management system and mechanism of TCM hospitals, optimize the development environment of TCM hospitals and formulate development plans and measures based on local conditions.
... If the efficiency is not constant on a scale, the CCR model is not able to calculate efficiency and productivity. To solve this problem, Banker, Charans, and Cooper [28] proposed the BCC model, in which return to scale may vary. ...
... In evaluating the efficiency of units, whenever incomplete competition space and conditions impose restrictions on investment; Causes unit inactivity on an optimal scale [27]. In 1984, Banker, Charnes and Cooper [28] presented a new model by changing CCR concerning the first letters of their names, it was known as the BCC model. The BCC model is a model of the DEA model that deals with the evaluation of the relative efficiency of units with variable returns to scale [27]. ...
The complexity of the competitive business environment has highlighted the need to be aware of the organization's strengths and weaknesses and to continuously improve processes. Therefore, managers are looking for a solution for performance measurement of their organization to be able to promote and improve their organization. Evaluating the performance of listed companies in the stock exchange organization is important because, in addition to the managers of the organizations, stock traders can also evaluate the companies and make the necessary decisions about holding, selling or buying the shares of these companies in a timely manner. One of the organization's performance measurement solutions is to use financial ratios. Given that a separate study of financial ratios does not provide a correct view of the efficiency of the organization, so the aggregation of the effect of financial ratios seems to be effective. DEA and MCDM methods are suitable because they enable the achievement of the performance index by considering several factors simultaneously, so the performance obtained from this method is reliable. the main purpose of this study is to rank pharmaceutical companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange between the years 2018 and 2020 using the DEA approach and MCDM and provide a single ranking through the Copeland method.
... Since port policies are still being refined, there is imperfect competition in the market, and ports operate under non-ideal conditions, it is impossible to determine whether the port is in a situation that is increasing or decreasing returns to scale. Therefore, considering the various internal structures, the DEA-BBC model proposed by Banker, Cooper, and Charnes (1984) is employed to examine the technical efficiency (CRSTE), pure technical efficiency (VRSTE) and scale efficiency (SCALE) of port logistics in this study. The DEA-BBC model of the port logistics industry is expressed as below. ...
... CRSTE was further decomposed into pure technical efficiency (VRSTE) and scale efficiency (SCALE) under the assumption of constant returns to scale [33]. These concepts reflect the management, institutional, and scale levels of each region. ...
Ports are critical centers of international trade and global logistics now that economic globalization has taken hold. The efficiency performance of port logistics is crucial to building an emerging pattern of development in which domestic and foreign dual cycles are complementary for China. This paper examines the efficiency performance of 19 ports within five major economic circles in China. It explores how their efficiency is distributed, and the configurations of efficiency improvement during the new normal of China’s economy. First, the DEA-BCC model is employed to calculate the technical efficiency performance and distribution of each port from 2011 to 2020. Then, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was applied to integrate and analyze the influencing factors. The results show as follows: (1) Each port group performed differently on efficiency rankings, as well as regional distributions. Among these, the port groups of the Bohai Rim region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and the Bohai Rim region continue to rank highly. (2) From the perspective of configuration analysis, the results suggest that government support is not necessary for port logistics with better economic endowments. However, it is critical for backward ones. (3) A rational industrial structure can enhance levels of infrastructure, openness, and information technology, improving port performance. The findings can provide theoretical and practical references for better promoting the development of Chinese port management.al references for better promoting the development of Chinese port management.
... The first is the constant returns to scale model [38]. The second is the variable returns to scale model [39]. Other authors have adopted an exhaustive approach to the DEA method by extending its field of application [40][41][42]. ...
In a context where public decision-makers are faced with the complexity of measuring the efficiency of social entrepreneurship incubators, the aim of this study is to analyze this efficiency by studying its determinants. Based on a sample of 40 youth National Initiative for Human Development (NIDH) platforms in Morocco and by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, only 10 showed overall efficiency due to problems of scale, i.e., a poor “resources-results” combination (Inputs-Outputs). The average technical efficiency of the platforms is 78.9%, indicating a need for improvement of 21.1%, due mainly to the poor results of “VSE or developed cooperatives (VSECD)” leading to excessive waste of “income improvement actions (IIASSE)” resources. The study suggests that public decision-makers should use the DEA method to determine the value of efficiency, the ranking of platforms and the analysis of resource combinations (inputs) in order to evaluate, reconfigure and improve the activity of these structures.
... Building on the pioneering work of Farrell (1957), Charnes et al. (1978) propose a linear programming model to maximize outputs with the available resources (output orientation, oo) or vice versa, to minimize inputs to obtain a given level of production (input orientation, io), all in an environment of constant returns to scale. In order to provide greater flexibility, Banker et al. (1984) introduce the possibility that inputs/outputs may vary in different proportions, variable returns to scale (VRS), which better approximates actual events. ...
In recent decades, there has been a massive replacement of flood irrigation with drip irrigation throughout the world. Numerous studies have been published on the efficiency of these techniques in terms of water savings, but few works have paid attention to their economic efficiency at farm scale. In this research, a two-stage methodology has been used for this purpose, developed in three irrigated areas of the region of Valencia (Eastern Spain). In the first stage, interviews were conducted with experts from irrigation communities and cooperatives, and in the second stage, an efficiency analysis was carried out using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It is concluded that, although the cultivation costs of drip irrigation are lower and the technology gap (TGR K) is smaller than flood irrigation, there is much room for improvement. Policies to promote the installation of localised irrigation should include complementary measures to ensure the viability of modernised farms.
... Çıktı yönelimli modelde girdi düzeyi sabit tutularak çıktı düzeyinin en üst seviyeye çıkarılması yani çıktı maksimizasyonu esasına dayanır (6). Ayrıca bu yöntem ölçeğe göre getiri durumunu sabit getiriler (CCR) ve değişken getiriler (VRS) açısından değerlendirmeye imkân sağlar (6,7). VZA literatürde 1950'lerden sonra araştırmalarda yer almaya başlamıştır (8). ...
Sağlık hizmetlerinde verimlilik değerlendirmeleri, sağlık alanındaki kaynakların (sağlık profesyonelleri, tıbbi ekipmanlar, finansal kaynaklar, sağlık kurumları vb.) sağlık hizmetine dönüşmesinde etkin bir şekilde nasıl kullanıldığı hususunda kanıtlar sunan ve bu kaynakların ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda optimal şekilde tahsisini sağlanması ile sağlığa erişim ve hakkaniyet açısından oluşabilecek sorunları önleyen bir yaklaşımdır. Bu araştırmanın konusunu Türkiye’de iller düzeyinde sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi gösteren hekime müracaat sayılarına ait teknik etkinlik düzeylerinin memnuniyet ile ilişkilendirilerek ölçülmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma Veri Zarflama Analizi kullanılarak yapılmış, kapasite kullanımına işaret eden hekime ve diş hekimine müracaat sayıları girdi değişkeni, sağlık hizmetlerinden memnuniyet düzeyi çıktı değişkeni olarak tanımlanmıştır. Analizler sabit getiriler (CCR) girdi ve çıktı yönlü modeller kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkiye’de illerin ortalama etkinlik skoru 0,703 tespit edilmiş, 81 ilin %2,5’i tam etkin değerlendirilirken %97,5’i etkin bulunmamıştır. Yine bulgulara göre mevcut memnuniyet düzeyinin korunması ya da projekte edilen memnuniyet düzeyine ulaşılabilmesi durumunda kişi başı hekime müracaat sayılarında 0,12-3,19 br., kişi başı diş hekim müracaat sayılarının 0,04-0,23br. arasında azaltılması gerektiği hesaplanmıştır. Toplamda müracaat sayılarından kaynaklı verimsizliğin maliyeti 360 milyon-7,7 milyar arasında değişmekte ve toplam sağlık harcamalarının da %0,059-1,28’e işaret etmektedir.
... ; sÞ. In our application of the DEA model to port resilience, we align with the foundational framework of Banker, Charnes, and Wager Cooper (1984), assuming variable returns to scale (VRS). This assumption allows our model to accommodate the diversity in operational scales across ports, acknowledging that efficiency improvements are not necessarily proportional to increases in inputs. ...
... [30] [31].The primary concept of measuring the effectiveness of the decision maker (DMU) is formalized in the form of a mathematical model of linear programming that can be expressed by the following mathematical expression (Eq. ...
Railway transport plays an important role in a country's economic development. Efficiency is one of the most significant performance indicators in the railway sector. Evaluating, monitoring, and improving efficiency is the main goal of every railway company. Different parametric and non-parametric approaches have been used in the literature and in practice to measure and compare the performance of railway companies. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is a non-parametric linear programming technique that is successfully used in evaluating and comparing the efficiency of entities in the service sector. Based on the DEA method, it can be determined whether the DMU units are inefficient compared to the efficient units. Also, it can be concluded how much it is necessary to reduce the input or increase the output for the units to become efficient. Four inputs and two output parameters were used during the measurement of the efficiency of freight rail transport in the Republic of Serbia for the period from 2011 to 2022.
... What comes to mind when dealing with DEA methodology is what approach is more suitable to follow, or as Tone [34] stated, efficiency measurement ought to denote which input(s) and output(s) variables are either radial or non-radial. Two common DEA models have been created by Charnes et al. [32] and by Banker et al. [35]. However, both models follow the radial approach, meaning that they ignore the non-radial slacks of inputs and outputs as well. ...
The European fashion industry can tackle parameters such as energy and carbon intensities, aiming to contribute to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 9 and 12 under the scope of circular economy (CE) principles. The present paper measures eco-efficiency of fashion industry in 22 European countries via a hybrid window data envelopment analysis (WDEA) methodology by employing a short- and a meso-term policy. The inputs are gross fixed capital formation, labor force, and energy intensity value added, additionally value added, and carbon intensity value added are the desirable and undesirable outputs, respectively. The findings show that the meso-term (i.e., five-year) policy has an average eco-efficiency equal to 74.12%, while the short-term (i.e., three-year) policy has 69.15%, leading to the conclusion that a meso-term is better for following circular economy (CE) pathways. The two time-related models’ distinction would be examined regarding its geographic importance, aiming to answer whether there is integration in the European fashion industry. Overall, Western Europe has better eco-efficiency than Eastern Europe due to labor-intensity issues. In essence, the greening of European fashion industry can be done through CE solutions.
... Ele foi apresentado em um artigo publicado na Management Science em 1984 e parte do pressuposto de que as Unidades Tomadoras de Decisão podem apresentar retornos variáveis de escala. Sendo assim, um aumento dos insumos não necessariamente acarretará em um aumento proporcional no volume dos produtos (BANKER; CHARNES; COOPER, 1984). ...
RESUMOConsiderando que os partidos políticos são mantidos quase integralmente com recursos públicos e conhecendo sua importância para o crescimento econômico de uma nação, faz-se necessário observar como se encontra a eficiência de tais entidades no cenário político brasileiro. Sob este enfoque, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a eficiência relativa eleitoral dos partidos políticos brasileiros nos anos 2016 e 2018. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, sendo utilizado o método matemático Análise Por Envoltória de Dados (DEA) para o alcance dos resultados. Foram definidos, como fatores de input, o total de candidaturas e os recursos do Fundo Partidário e do Fundo Eleitoral recebidos por cada partido. Como output, considerou-se a quantidade de candidatos eleitos. Os resultados identificaram uma grande diferença entre os recursos públicos distribuídos às instituições, uma vez que alguns partidos, como o MDB e PSDB, foram beneficiados com uma quantia de até cem vezes superior ao valor oferecido para outras entidades. Entretanto, o DEA pôde constatar que partidos relativamente pequenos e com menos recursos financeiros, tais como o PMB e o NOVO, foram capazes de atingir índices de eficiência similares ou até maiores que os índices conquistados por certos partidos com mais dinheiro em caixa.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Partidos Políticos; Análise Envoltória de Dados; Eficiência.ABSTRACTConsidering that political parties are almost entirely maintained with public resources and knowing their importance to the economic growth of a nation, it is necessary to observe how the efficiency of such entities goes in the Brazilian political scenario. Under this approach, this research aimed at analyzing the relative electoral efficiency of Brazilian political parties in the years 2016 and 2018. This is a descriptive research study with a quantitative approach. It was used the mathematical method Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to achieve the desired results. As input factors, the total number of candidates and resources of the Partisan Fund and Electoral Fund received by each party was collected. As output, it was considered the number of candidates elected. The results identified a wide difference between the public resources distributed to the institutions, given that some parties, such as MDB and PSDB, received up to one hundred times more of the amount offered to some other entities. However, the DEA found that relatively small parties with less financial resources, such as PMB and NOVO, were able to achieve similar or even greater efficiency in numbers than those achieved by some parties with more cash at hand.KEYWORDS: Political Parties; Data Envelopment Analysis; Efficiency.
... There is a very rich literature devoted to the development and application of DEA models (Andersen and Petersen, 1993;Banker et al., 1984;Chen et al., 2021, Chang & Wang, 2020Dobrovič et al., 2021;Guo et al., 2020;Lee et al., 2011;Lin et al., 2020;Pendharkar, 2021;Podinovski & Bouzdine-Chameeva, 2021;Rostamzadeh et al., 2021;Tone, 2002). In the case of trade, the components of the strategic profit model (net profit, sales, assets, capital) can be used as input-output elements in DEA models. ...
This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the key performance indicators of trade between the European Union (EU) and Serbia. The AHP-DNMA method is used here. The results are as follows: the trade of France is in the first place. Next: Germany, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, etc. The trade of the leading countries of the European Union is well positioned for performance. The trade of Croatia is positioned in twenty-second place in terms of performance. Slovenia's trade is positioned in the twenty-third place in terms of performance. The trade performance of Croatia is better than that of Slovenia. According to performance results, she is in twentieth place. It is in a better performance position compared to the trade of Croatia and Slovenia. Adequate control of key factors is a function of achieving target performance.
... Para intentar contabilizar este efecto en la obtención de la eficiencia, en 1984 se presentó el modelo DEA para retornos variables a escala, desarrollado por Banker, Charnes y Cooper (BCC), este modelo permitirá calcular la eficiencia técnica pura (ETP), esto es, la eficiencia separándola de los efectos de escala (Banker et al. 1984). ...
Improving efficiency in the application of irrigation water, due to its scarcity, is a matter of concern to all decision-makers in the country, since it is not possible to continue managing the precious liquid with current guidelines. Studying the efficiency of irrigation in Cuban agriculture as a combination of resources will allow us to know where the application of water will be of greater benefit, always in combination with other resources used in the production process. In this context, the use of non-parametric techniques such as data envelopment analysis is convenient, given its flexibility and ability to handle the productive characteristics of entities. The analysis of irrigation by means of DEA, will allow to evaluate where the management of the water is carried out in a more efficient way.
... This approach can lead to conflicting results due to the need to calculate multiple ratios to capture various performance dimensions 41 . The second approach uses non-parametric econometric techniques like DEA, which computes a comprehensive efficiency index [42][43][44][45] . Our work is grounded in this second stream, as DEA has been widely used to assess the relative performance of healthcare organizations and identify ways to improve their efficiency 46 . ...
Pandemics like COVID-19 have illuminated the significant disparities in the performance of national healthcare systems (NHCSs) during rapidly evolving crises. The challenge of comparing NHCS performance has been a difficult topic in the literature. To address this gap, our study introduces a bi-criteria longitudinal algorithm that merges fuzzy clustering with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This new approach provides a comprehensive and dynamic assessment of NHCS performance and efficiency during the early phase of the pandemic. By categorizing each NHCS as an efficient performer, inefficient performer, efficient underperformer, or inefficient underperformer, our analysis vividly represents performance dynamics, clearly identifying the top and bottom performers within each cluster of countries. Our methodology offers valuable insights for performance evaluation and benchmarking, with significant implications for enhancing pandemic response strategies. The study’s findings are discussed from theoretical and practical perspectives, offering guidance for future health system assessments and policy-making.
... Para intentar contabilizar este efecto en la obtención de la eficiencia, en 1984 se presentó el modelo DEA para retornos variables a escala, desarrollado por Banker, Charnes y Cooper (BCC), este modelo permitirá calcular la eficiencia técnica pura (ETP), esto es, la eficiencia separándola de los efectos de escala (Banker et al. 1984). ...
RESUMEN Mejorar la eficiencia en la aplicación del agua de riego, debido a su escasez, es una cuestión que preocupa a todos los decisores del país pues no es posible seguir gestionando el preciado líquido con las pautas actuales. Estudiar la eficiencia de riego en la agricultura cubana como una combinación de recursos va a permitir conocer donde la aplicación del agua va a suponer un mayor beneficio, siempre en combinación con otros recursos empleados en el proceso de producción. En este contexto, resulta conveniente el empleo de técnicas no paramétricas como el análisis envolvente de datos, dado su flexibilidad y capacidad de manejar las particularidades productivas de las entidades. El análisis de los regadíos mediante DEA, permitirá evaluar donde la gestión del agua se realiza de una forma más eficiente. PALABRAS CLAVES: combinación de recursos, eficiencia, gestión del agua de riego, programación lineal, regadío cubano. Data Envelopment Analysis: a tool to evaluate irrigation efficiency in cuban irrigation. ABSTRACT Improving efficiency in the application of irrigation water, due to its scarcity, is a matter of concern to all decision-makers in the country, since it is not possible to continue managing the precious liquid with current guidelines. Studying the efficiency of irrigation in Cuban agriculture as a combination of resources will allow us to know where the application of water will be of greater benefit, always in combination with other resources used in the production process. In this context, the use of non-parametric techniques such as data envelopment analysis is convenient, given its flexibility and ability to handle the productive characteristics of entities. The analysis of irrigation by means of DEA, will allow to evaluate where the management of the water is carried out in a more efficient way.
... Therefore, this orientation provides technical efficiency. On the other hand, Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) provides managerial efficiency [6], [30] due to it is calculated under differentiated frontiers. ...
... Para intentar contabilizar este efecto en la obtención de la eficiencia, en 1984 se presentó el modelo DEA para retornos variables a escala, desarrollado por Banker, Charnes y Cooper (BCC), este modelo permitirá calcular la eficiencia técnica pura (ETP), esto es, la eficiencia separándola de los efectos de escala (Banker et al. 1984). ...
RESUMEN Mejorar la eficiencia en la aplicación del agua de riego, debido a su escasez, es una cuestión que preocupa a todos los decisores del país pues no es posible seguir gestionando el preciado líquido con las pautas actuales. Estudiar la eficiencia de riego en la agricultura cubana como una combinación de recursos va a permitir conocer donde la aplicación del agua va a suponer un mayor beneficio, siempre en combinación con otros recursos empleados en el proceso de producción. En este contexto, resulta conveniente el empleo de técnicas no paramétricas como el análisis envolvente de datos, dado su flexibilidad y capacidad de manejar las particularidades productivas de las entidades. El análisis de los regadíos mediante DEA, permitirá evaluar donde la gestión del agua se realiza de una forma más eficiente. PALABRAS CLAVES: combinación de recursos, eficiencia, gestión del agua de riego, programación lineal, regadío cubano. Data Envelopment Analysis: a tool to evaluate irrigation efficiency in cuban irrigation. ABSTRACT Improving efficiency in the application of irrigation water, due to its scarcity, is a matter of concern to all decision-makers in the country, since it is not possible to continue managing the precious liquid with current guidelines. Studying the efficiency of irrigation in Cuban agriculture as a combination of resources will allow us to know where the application of water will be of greater benefit, always in combination with other resources used in the production process. In this context, the use of non-parametric techniques such as data envelopment analysis is convenient, given its flexibility and ability to handle the productive characteristics of entities. The analysis of irrigation by means of DEA, will allow to evaluate where the management of the water is carried out in a more efficient way.
... . Then we can represent our convex, nonparametric, variable returns to scale (VRS) frontier technology, referred to as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) (Charnes et al., 1978;Banker et al., 1984), as follows: ...
Competition usually increases firm productivity; but in network industries, effective competition requires vertical separation, which might reduce productivity and lead to a potential trade-off. We analyze the combined effect of competition and vertical separation on inefficient costs for US electricity industry restructuring. We estimate firm-level inefficiencies with the use of different nonparametric models of the technology and calculate net benefits with the use of difference-in-differences. The results depend on how we model the production technology and the length of the post-treatment horizon. The more flexible is the production frontier, the greater is the net benefit from divestiture and competition. Across our models the combined effect of divestiture and competition is positive.
The purpose of this study is to propose a novel approach for measuring productivity changes in decision-making units (DMUs) over time and evaluating the performance of each DMU under uncertainty in terms of progress, regression, and stagnation. To achieve this, the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are extended, and a new productivity index capable of handling uncertain data are introduced through a robust optimization approach. Robust optimization is recognized as one of the most applicable and effective methods in uncertain programming. The implementation and calculation of the proposed index are demonstrated using data from 15 actively traded stocks in the petroleum products industry on the Tehran stock exchange over two consecutive years. The results reveal that a significant number of stocks exhibit an unfavorable trend, marked by a decline in productivity. The findings highlight the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed robust Malmquist productivity index (RMPI) in measuring and identifying productivity trends for each stock under data uncertainty.
This study attempts to measure the technical efficiency of Ethiopian commercial banks and explore its determinants in the growth and transformation plans (GTP I, 2011–2015 and GTP II, 2016–2020). It uses a two-stage analysis based on balanced panel data during 2011–2020 for 18 commercial banks in the Ethiopian context. First, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach was used to estimate the technical efficiency (TE) of the banks that were the subject of the research. The second step, on the other hand, uses the Tobit regression model to regress all independent variables (both macroeconomic and bank-specific) on the technical efficiency (TE) of the banks that are being studied. The results of the Tobit regression also show that bank TE is positively and significantly correlated with staff productivity, off-balance sheet activities, capitalization level, GDP (gross domestic product) growth, and inflation. However, throughout the GTP II period, Ethiopian banks’ TE increased as staff productivity, off-balance sheet activities, bank size, and liquidity risk improved. This research gives bankers, regulators, policymakers, and promoters information into how viable the Ethiopian banking industry is. It suggests that merging ineffective banks will result in beneficial synergies and could act as a buffer for a developing nation such as Ethiopia.
As one of the priorities of the Sustainable Development Program, the United Nations has set 17 goals to be achieved by 2030. The second goal relates to the eradication of hunger, and the promotion of sustainable agriculture, which is also anchored in the same goal. Since sustainable agriculture also implies efficiency, i.e. achieving the same or a greater amount of output with the same input, it is justified to investigate how Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used in research work in the field of agriculture. In order to feed the world population, especially the poor parts of the world, Data Envelopment Analysis is a method worth investigating within the context of sustainable agriculture, especially since it is strongly recommended in the Guidelines for the measurement of productivity and efficiency in agriculture of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as a suitable method for measuring technical efficiency and productivity. The aim of this chapter is to investigate how this method is used and in what type of work in the field of agriculture, and, more specifically, in the field of economics. To this end, a bibliometric analysis of 863 scientific publications from the last 10 years was carried out, filtered through the Web of Science Core Collection database using the keywords "data envelopment analysis" and "agricult*". The chapter also aims to identify the trends and guidelines for further research based on the analysis of keywords and areas. The analysis shows that there are quite a number of papers in this area based on the selected keywords, and that his number has increased in the recent years, as well as the number of citations. However, although the method is very popular in analysing productivity efficiency in the field of agriculture and in various scientific fields there are very few works by Croatian authors and authors from the region.
This chapter presents an overview of the US health insurance market, reviews health insurance research literature, and examines premiums, medical expenses, medical service utilization, and data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency measures of health insurers from different perspectives. Results indicate the Affordable Care Act (ACA), or Obamacare, bent the curve of medical cost increases downward. Another finding is that medical expense increase was due to medical service utilization increase instead of service price increase. Among states, we find inconsistency existed in medical service pricing. Efficiency analyses show Medicaid managed care had the highest efficiency from both the consumer and societal perspectives, which displayed an increasing trend for the insurer as a whole post-ACA. Additionally, some ACA modifications by the Trump administration seemed to have helped with efficiency improvement. During the COVID-19 pandemic, societal efficiency changes suggested selection bias in delayed care and the following pick-up regarding the cost of medical services.
Several types of accidents, such as exposure to toxic gases, fires, or explosions, are encountered in process industries which are highly risk systems. To reduce risks and the consequences of disruptive events, resilience is recognized as one of the most important aspects of safety management, and resilience assessment in complex process systems plays an important role. This study examines methods for resilience assessment in process industries, by reviewing the published studies. Given the transient changes in resilience and performance variability due to complexity, it is examined which methods are more commonly applied for quantitative resilience assessments. As a result of the review of published literature, the most commonly used method to assess resilience in process industries is Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). DBN may be used for the estimation of uncertainty and probability of resilience in chemical processes. The resilience of complex process systems, which consider some aspects of resilience like absorption, adaptation, and recovery, is addressed and modeled by DBN. This review provides information on the use of quantitative methods to assess the resilience of complex process systems, the estimation of failure probability, the determination of performance variability under complex conditions, and the model of interactions between the components of a complex process system.
This study aims to analyses the level of efficiency and factors that cause the inefficiency of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia in 2019-2023. The study used a purposive sampling of 11 Islamic commercial banks. The data analysis method used in this research uses the Data Envelopment Analysis method through input-oriented measurement and the VRS model, with data processing tools, namely the Win4Deap 2 application. This research shows that the efficiency level of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia during 2019-2023 tends to fluctuate. Only one Islamic Commercial Bank whose efficiency level is perfect with a 100% score is BJB Syariah. As for the inefficiency analysis, the cause of inefficiency occurred in the input and output variables. The third-party fund variable became the most significant contributor that caused inefficiency in the Islamic Commercial Bank, which was 31%.
Rail transport has a high potential for the development of countries and their economies and is aligned with the
policies associated with the energy transition. This study addresses the need for support tools to assess the potential
of rail freight transport on high-speed lines. Our motivation stems from the fact that this is still an underexplored
topic and the importance it can have for the efficiency of the transport and logistics systems. The
methodology in this article is based on the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through the BCC (Banker,
Charnes, and Cooper) model and VRS (Variable Returns Scale) approach with an input orientation and the global
Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) to assess the efficiency of the freight transport option on high-speed networks,
with the aim of contributing to more informed decision-making.
The proposed methodology was applied to the Portuguese context. We found that increasing train speed can
increase the overall efficiency score of the Decision-Making Units (DMUs) by 21 percentage points compared to a
scenario without this input, thus boosting the technical efficiency of freight railway companies. This result, while
cautious, highlights the importance of considering various inputs to optimise the performance of these
companies.
Both academic centers and policy makers are concerned about the efficiency of their economic units. One model which has recently been considered is DEA. This model is described by two CCR and BBC sub-models. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of 38 districts of Tejarat Bank. The Result of this study shows that the 3rd 4th and the 5th district in Tehran are the most efficient ones and that Qhom، Zanjan، western and eastern Azarbaijans are the least efficient units respectively. The average efficiency for 3 years (period of our study) is 79.7، 78 and 47.7 respectively.
Keywords
Efficiency DEA CCR BBC and bank
Data Envelopment -analyysi (DEA) on verrattain uusi tuotannollisen tehokkuuden mittaamismenetelmä, joka on saanut jatkuvasti suosiotaan julkisen sektorin tehokkuusvertailuissa. DEA sopii ominaisuuksiltaan erityisesti terveydenhuollon organisaatioiden tehokkuuserojen tarkasteluun. Varhaisissa terveydenhuollon tehokkuusanalyyseissa on käytetty DEA:ta lähinnä yksittäisten tehokkuuslukujen laskemisessa. DEA on kuitenkin varsin joustava väline, ja sillä voidaan tuottaa monipuolista päätöksentekoa tukevaa tietoa tuotantoprosessista. Tässä artikkelissa esitellään DEA:n vaihtoehtoisia malleja sekä arvioidaan DEA:n käyttömahdollisuuksia johtamisen työkaluna.
The objectives of this study were: (1) Analyse the technical efficiency (TE) of smallholder sugarcane farming (TR); (2) Analyse the factors that affect TE; and (3) Analyse the profitability of farming using the Sistem Bagi Hasil (SBH) and Sistem Pembelian Tebu (SPT) partnership schemes. This study was conducted in the PG-PG Malang working area with 31 smallholder sugarcane farmers surveyed in the 2022-2023 planting season. The method of measuring technical efficiency uses DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), tobit regression, and analysis of sugarcane farming in each partnership scheme (SBH and SPT). The results of the analysis showed that the average TE value of TR farming on land was 97% and still had the potential to be increased by 3%. Factors that influence the level of TE are educational variables, family dependents and the role of financial institutions. If the average productivity of TR is 1,308 tonnes/ha, yield 5.11%, sugar price Rp.13,200/kg and sugarcane price Rp.72,000/kg. Then the actual and target average income and RC ratio values obtained in the SBH partnership are respectively Rp.18.17 million/ha (1.26) and Rp.20.41 million/ha (1.30), while in the SPT partnership respectively Rp.18.27 million/ha (1.23) and Rp.20.50 million/ha (1.26). Based on the RC ratio value, the recommended partnership scheme is SBH. However, fluctuations in sugarcane prices need to be considered, for example at the end of the milling season the price can reach Rp.95,000-Rp.100,000 per quintal and it is ensured that the income earned in the SBH scheme is higher than the RC ratio.
Objetivo da pesquisa: Analisar o desempenho dos municípios da região do Cariri Cearense na pandemia do Coronavírus. Enquadramento teórico: O Brasil tem sido severamente impactado pela pandemia de COVID-19, os graves problemas socioeconômicos que o país enfrenta desde antes da detecção do primeiro caso da doença e a distribuição populacional, com padrões e realidades locais bastante heterogêneas, ocasionaram comportamento distintos de proteção, notadamente no âmbito dos governos locais. Metodologia: Para o cálculo da eficiência dos 26 municípios, utilizou-se a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), por meio do Modelo BCC (Banker-Charnes-Cooper), com orientação para outputs. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que 8 municípios analisados atingiram o índice de eficiência de 100%. Além disso, o melhor nível de eficiência não necessariamente ocorre naqueles que tiveram maiores gastos per capita com saúde. O número de notificados foi a variável que apresentou o maior potencial de melhoria, requerendo mais atenção dos gestores. Originalidade: A avaliação da eficiência no contexto da pandemia da covid-19 em municípios de uma região que possuía a maior taxa de índice e contágio, além de utilizar o Índice de Efetividade da Gestão Municipal –Dimensão Saúde (IEGM_Saúde), do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Ceará, como output, esse último, ainda não explorado nos estudos analisados. Contribuições teóricas e práticas: O modelo apresentado com a proposta inversa para determinadas variáveis, pode ser utilizado por pesquisadores e órgãos públicos as secretarias municipais para a formulação de políticas públicas e tomadas de decisões. Palavras-chave: COVID-19. Eficiência. Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA).
A Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) é essencial para o desenvolvimento dos países, sendo as universidades um agente estratégico nesse processo. Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil adotou diversas políticas públicas para promover o desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e de inovação, resultando em avanços importantes, embora ainda haja muito a ser alcançado. Atualmente, as ferramentas utilizadas para avaliar a eficiência das políticas públicas têm ganhado importância, e a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) se destaca para avaliar a eficiência técnica de instituições de ensino superior. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a eficiência em CT&I de 45 Universidades Federais, situadas em 19 Unidades da Federação brasileiras, entre 2015 e 2017, utilizando a DEA. As variáveis de entrada adotadas foram recursos humanos e financeiros, enquanto que as variáveis de saída foram publicações de artigos e obtenções de patentes. Os resultados mostraram que 16 universidades (35,56%) foram tecnicamente eficientes, permitindo a identificação das metas a serem alcançadas pelas unidades ineficientes. Uma das principais contribuições desta pesquisa foi a quantificação do nível de melhoria necessário para cada instituição ineficiente, auxiliando-as nas decisões gerenciais e no planejamento das políticas públicas de CT&I no Brasil.
Environmental decision making is a complex process that requires the consideration of multiple factors. Therefore, Multiple-Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) aims to address the challenges of environmental decision making. This paper analyses published review papers that discuss the use of MCDA in environmental problems, with the goal of drawing useful meta-level conclusions. The review papers were categorised by application field and sorted by various criteria. The main findings of each paper were also analysed. The analysis reveals that MCDA publications in the specific domain have shown a strong upward trend. Hybrid MCDA is increasingly being applied as it can cope with the multidimensional challenges of environmental decision making. AHP appears to be the most widespread method. The sustainable energy sector is particularly interested in the use of MCDA. However, while decision-makers extensively use MCDA in environmental problems, its corresponding application in real-world settings is not always satisfactory.
Este estudo analisa a eficiência econômica dos bancos brasileiros listados na Bolsa de Valores B3 entre 2018 e 2023, aplicando uma abordagem integrada que combina Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), Índice de Produtividade de Malmquist e Regressão Tobit. Essa combinação metodológica permite investigar a eficiência técnica e as variações na produtividade ao longo do tempo, além de identificar fatores determinantes da eficiência bancária. Os resultados revelam diferenças significativas nos níveis de eficiência entre os bancos, destacando a importância de adaptação tecnológica e gestão eficaz de recursos. Embora alguns bancos tenham atingido alta eficiência, a maioria apresenta oportunidades de melhoria nos processos operacionais. Esses achados oferecem implicações práticas para gestores e formuladores de políticas, apontando para a necessidade de estratégias voltadas à inovação e reestruturação organizacional para promover a competitividade e sustentabilidade no setor bancário. O estudo contribui ao campo ao fornecer uma visão aprofundada da eficiência bancária no Brasil e ao oferecer uma base para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que possam elevar a performance do setor financeiro.
Este artigo objetiva mensurar a eficiência do setor agropecuário nos municípios nordestinos e seus determinantes, a partir de dados de 2006 e 2017, retirados dos Censos Agropecuários. Especificamente, almeja calcular os escores de eficiência técnica do setor agropecuário dos municípios da região Nordeste e investigar os fatores determinantes desses escores. Para mensurar a eficiência, utilizou-se a Análise Envoltória dos Dados (DEA), e, para investigar seus fatores determinantes, empregou-se o modelo de regressão quantílica, para uma amostra de 1.263 municípios nordestinos. Os resultados evidenciaram que quase a totalidade destes foi extremamente ineficiente, indicando que os produtores estão tendo limitações em seu processo produtivo, e consequente desperdício de recursos. Acerca dos determinantes dos escores de eficiência, verificou-se que as variáveis analisadas influenciaram os quantis (0,25, 0,50 e 0,75) de forma diferente, sendo que o percentual de estabelecimentos com acesso ao financiamento e recebimento de orientação técnica obtiveram sinal negativo com os escores de eficiência. Ademais, a dummy referente à localização do município em região semiárida e a participação relativa daqueles cujo dirigente possui ensino médio regular registraram os efeitos com maior magnitude em todos os quantis.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar, por meio do uso da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), a eficiência dos gastos públicos com assistência hospitalar nas unidades federativas brasileiras nos anos de 2015 e 2019. Foram utilizadas as pesquisas descritiva, bibliográfica, documental, quantitativa e qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi feita através do banco de dados da Finanças Brasil - FINBRA, da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN), do departamento de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que, dentre as 27 unidades federativas, 6 (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima e Santa Catarina) foram consideradas eficientes no ano de 2015 e 7 (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima e Tocantins) atingiram o nível de eficiência em 2019. Ainda, foi visualizado que nos dois anos analisados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Piauí e Roraima se mantiveram dentro do escore de eficiência.
Este trabalho avalia a eficiência dos gastos públicos nos 26 estados brasileiros nas áreas de saúde, segurança e educação. Para este propósito, utiliza-se uma abordagem em dois estágios: o primeiro, com uso da metodologia denominada Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis – DEA), busca resultados de eficiência relativa; o segundo analisa, a partir de regressões censuradas do tipo Tobit, quais fatores não discricionários estariam influenciando os escores de eficiência. Além disso, compara aplicações distintas da DEA para uma análise feita de forma agregada, construindo, para tanto, o Indicador de Desempenho do Setor Público (IDSP).
Karar Verme (KV) problemlerinde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinin kullanılması durumunda, kriterlerin yönlerinin doğru belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Literatürde önerilen bazı ÇKKV yöntemlerinin uygulama adımları yalnızca maksimizasyon veya minimizasyon hedeflerine yönelik kriterlerle uyumlu olacak şekilde tanımlanmıştır. Benzer şekilde KV sürecinde Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile etkinlik ölçümü yapılırken girdilerin minimize edilmesi, çıktıların ise maksimize edilmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak gerçek dünya problemlerinde bazı verilerin maksimize veya minimize edilmesi istenmez, belirlenen ideal değerlere yakın olması istenir. Bunlar yönsüz veriler olarak adlandırılır. Bu çalışma, yönsüz verileri maksimizasyon veya minimizasyon olarak tanımlamak için ölçek dönüştürme fonksiyonları önermektedir. Böylece ÇKKV ve VZA yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılacak analizlerde daha tutarlı sonuçlar elde edilecektir. Bu çalışmada, dayanıklı tüketim malları sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 10 işletmenin 2022 yılına ait 9 finansal oranı önerilen fonksiyonlar ile ölçeklendirilmiştir. Bu finansal oranların ham ve ölçeklendirilmiş verileri kullanılarak, bu işletmelerin finansal performansları TOPSIS ve VZA yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Performans değerlendirmesinde ölçeklendirilmiş verilerin kullanılmasıyla daha tutarlı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o nível de eficiência na alocação dos recursos públicos em segurança nos municípios do Amazonas nos anos de 2019, 2020 e 2021. Para isso, utiliza-se o modelo não paramétrico de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) orientado para o produto e com retornos variáveis de escala (BCC/VRS). Com base na metodologia adotada, verificou-se que apenas 20% dos municípios amazonenses foram eficientes em 2019, 12% em 2020 e 12,5% em 2021, além disso, a grande maioria dos municípios analisados apresentaram ineficiência nos períodos analisados, os quais 65% apresentaram score de eficiência de até 0,5. Assim, conclui-se que os municípios amazonenses, são em sua maioria, ineficientes na alocação dos recursos públicos com segurança, sendo essencial que se revisem a gestão e fiscalização da alocação do dinheiro público.
Resumo O Projeto ArticulaFito realizou um amplo diagnóstico da base produtiva de espécies vegetais com valor medicinal, cosmético e alimentar, mapeando 26 cadeias de valor (CdV) de povos e comunidades tradicionais e de agricultores familiares (PCTAFs). O objetivo é definir critérios para priorização de ações de fortalecimento das CdV mapeadas, tendo como referência os desafios e oportunidades identificados. As metodologias de análise envoltória de dados e diagrama de Pareto foram aplicadas em dados quantitativos extraídos de cada mapa de CdV. Dessa forma, o conjunto de CdV foi dividido em quatro grupos de níveis de desempenho. Para cada grupo foi traçado um diagrama de ação que ordenou as ocorrências e suas origens, permitindo relacionar e indicar, em ordem de prioridade, as instituições e os atores a serem considerados no processo de fortalecimento. O grupo com o melhor desempenho apresentou dez espécies, sendo 70% no segmento cosmético, no bioma Amazônia e na região norte, 80% nativas sob regime de extrativismo e 20% exóticas sob regime de cultivo. O diagrama de ação gerado priorizou as ações e os investimentos, otimizando os recursos públicos aplicados para a inclusão produtiva dos PCTAFs por meio do uso sustentável da sociobiodiversidade.
The ArticulaFito Project conducted a broad analysis of the production base of plants with medicinal, cosmetic, and food value, mapping 26 value chains (CdV) of traditional peoples and communities and family farmers (PCTAFs). The objective is to define criteria to prioritize actions in order to strengthen the mapped CdV, maintaining the identified challenges and opportunities as a reference. Data Envelopment Analysis and Pareto Diagram methodologies were applied to quantitative data extracted from each CdV map. In this way, the CdV set was divided into four groups of performance levels. For each group, an action diagram was drawn, which, ordered the occurrences and their origins, enabling the reporting and indication, in order of priority, of the institutions and actors to be considered in the strengthening process. The group with the best performance had ten species, 70% in the cosmetic segment, in the Amazon biome, and in the northern region, with 80% native under an extractive regime and 20% exotic under a cultivation regime. The Action Diagram generated prioritized actions and investments, optimizing public resources in the productive inclusion of PCTAFs for the sustainable use of (socio) biodiversity.
Türkiye gerek jeopolitik yapısı gerek coğrafi konumu dolayısıyla sıklıkla doğa kaynaklı afetlere maruz kalmaktadır. Nitekim yakın zamanda 11 ilde etkili olan ve ardışık şekilde gerçekleşen Maraş Depremlerinde on binlerce insan hayatını kaybetmiş, yüz binin üzerinde insan yaralanmıştır. Yaşanan bu depremlerde sağlık hizmeti sunan kurum ve kuruluşların birçoğu yıkılmış ayrıca o bölgelerde ikamet eden çok sayıda sağlık personeli kaybı da yaşanmıştır. Bu durum, bölgede sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumunda ciddi aksaklıklara neden olmuştur. Bu araştırma, deprem uzmanlarının sık sık dile getirdiği olası İstanbul depremine hazırlıkta sağlık hizmetleri kapasitesinin İstanbul özelinde 39 ilçesinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada sağlık hizmetleri kapasitesini belirlemek için veri zarflama analizi (VZA) kullanılmıştır. VZA analizleri BCC-CCR girdi ve çıktı odaklı modeller kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre İstanbul’da ilçelerin sağlık hizmetleri kapasitesinde BCC girdi-çıktı odaklı modellerde %12,8’i (5 ilçe); CCR girdi-çıktı odaklı modellerde ise %7,6’sı (3 ilçe) tam etkin bulunmuştur. Ayrıca 39 ilçenin sağlık hizmetlerinde teknik etkinlik ortalamasının 0,155-0,594 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma olası bir İstanbul Depremi’nde ihtiyaç duyulacak sağlık hizmetlerinin İstanbul’da mevcut kullanılabilir tıbbi olanaklarının tam kapasite ile çalışabileceği varsayımı altında yapılmış olup; bu varsayım altında bile ihtiyaç duyulan sağlık hizmetlerinin ortalama %37,4 kapasiteyle sunulabileceği şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda İstanbul ilinde sağlık hizmetleri kapasite planlamasının ilçeler düzeyinde yaşanacak ihtiyaçlar çerçevesince yapılması önerilmiştir.
Objetivo: Investigar o nível de a Eficiência Tributária/Esforço Fiscal em Franciscópolis-MG durante o período de 2013 a 2022, visando obter conhecimento a partir da observação da alocação de recursos financeiros em um município de pequeno porte, seus principais desafios e oportunidades no gasto público. Referencial teórico: Apresenta-se revisão teórica sobre as características orçamentárias e Eficiência Tributária/Esforço Fiscal. Método: Adotou-se estudo de caso, caracterizado por sua natureza quantitativa e descritiva, com uso de dados secundários, por meio de uma pesquisa documental em base do Sistema de Informações Contábeis e Fiscais do Setor Público Brasileiro - SICONF, Plataforma digital da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (Brasil, 2023) e do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Minas Gerais (TCE/MG), por meio do portal “Fiscalizando com o TCE”. Resultados e conclusão: Os dados revelaram que em média, no período de 2013 a 2022, ocorreu um superávit de execução orçamentária, corrente e de capital. Destaca-se também que a fronteira da máxima de produção de impostos pelas despesas correntes e de capital, ou seja, a eficiência tributária/esforço fiscal, ocorreram somente no ano de 2020. Implicações da pesquisa: Pesquisa sobre as características orçamentárias do município de Franciscópolis-MG no período de 2013 a 2022 possui implicações significativas para diversos setores e atores envolvidos. Em primeiro lugar, as informações fornecidas podem ser valiosas para os gestores públicos locais, fornecendo percepções sobre a eficiência tributária/esforço fiscal das políticas fiscais adotadas e orientando decisões futuras para otimizar a alocação de recursos. Originalidade/valor: A originalidade desta pesquisa está no fato do seu foco recair sobre contexto específico de um município de pequeno porte, sendo certo que o uso de técnicas de análise (quocientes sobre o balanço financeiro e análise envoltória de dados -DEA) contribuem para o valor do trabalho na medida em que viabiliza o entendimento prático e acadêmico das dinâmicas orçamentárias para gestores públicos, cidadãos e a para a comunidade acadêmica.
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