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Nutritive value of Indian Foods. National Institute of Nutrition (NIN)
... "Bioactive compounds present in the carrots are α-and β-carotene, phenolic acids and lycopene which are responsible for their antioxidant activity. Carrot contains approximately 86.00 per cent moisture, 10.60 g carbohydrates, 0.20 g fat, 1.20 g fiber, 1890 µg carotene, 0.04 g thiamine, 0.02 g riboflavin, 0.60 g niacin, 530.00 mg phosphorus, 1.10 g minerals, 3.00 mg vit C and 26.60 μg total phenolic content per 100 g" [3]. ...
... "Bioactive compounds present in the carrots are α-and β-carotene, phenolic acids and lycopene which are responsible for their antioxidant activity. Carrot contains approximately 86.00 per cent moisture, 10.60 g carbohydrates, 0.20 g fat, 1.20 g fiber, 1890 µg carotene, 0.04 g thiamine, 0.02 g riboflavin, 0.60 g niacin, 530.00 mg phosphorus, 1.10 g minerals, 3.00 mg vit C and 26.60 μg total phenolic content per 100 g" [3]. "Due to its good flavor and nutrition, carrot is regarded as a very important vegetable owing to its various properties like anticancer, anti-anemic, antioxidant, sedative and healing which are directly related to human health" [4]. ...
... The data on chemical parameters of carrots revealed mean moisture, TSS, acidity, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, beta-carotene, proteins, crude fibre, ascorbic acid in the range of 9.53 o Brix, 0.12%, 2.74%, 4.15%, 6.89%, 38.65 mg/100g, 0.95%, 1.80% and 3.91mg/100g, respectively. Our results in the present investigation for physicochemical parameters of carrots are similar to earlier studies as reported by Gopalan et al. [3]. The chemical constituents of carrot are reported to contain 86% moisture with 9.55 °Brix TSS, 2.77% reducing sugars, 6.92% total sugars, 0.12% acidity, 10.6 g carbohydrates, 0.2 g fat, 1.2 g fiber, 3965 micro g beta-carotene and 3 mg per 100 g vitamin C [3]. Sharma et al. [15] also reported similar variations for moisture (86 to 88%), carbohydrate (6 to 10.6%), crude fiber (1.2 to 2.4%), total sugars (5.6%), beta-carotene (39.6 mg/ 100 g). ...
The experiment was carried out with the aim to study effects of preparation, microwave and pressing on quality of carrot powder. The experiment was conducted at Department of Post Harvest Technology, ASPEE College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during 2021-22. Single strength pressing was done to fasten the drying rate. The experiment was replicated three times using completely randomised design (CRD) with factorial concept and comprised of 18 treatments viz. preparation techniques as Factor-1 ["Shredding" (T1), "Crushing" (T2) and "Slicing" (T3)]; microwave pre-treatments as Factor-2 [Control (M1), Microwave pre-treatment 450 W for 30 seconds (M2) and microwave pre-treatment 450 W for 60 seconds (M3)] and pressing as Factor-3 [without pressing (P1) and pressing (P2)]. After single strength pressing, the samples were dehydrated in mechanical dehydrator using three stage dehydration temperatures (75oC for 2 hours, 65oC for 2 hours and 60oC for about 11-12 hours) till final moisture content of 5.50 ± 1% following by packing. The results of the investigation revealed that best quality carrot powder can be obtained from carrot which was prepared by dehydrating crushed materials by giving microwave for 60 seconds followed by pressing (T2M3P2) and carrot powder obtained from this treatment possess higher rehydration ratio, dehydration ratio and sensory score while lowest drying time, moisture content, water activity, reducing sugars and non-enzymatic browning (NEB). While, the carrot powder which was prepared by dehydrating crushed materials by giving microwave pre-treatment for 60 seconds followed by pressing (T2M3P2) exhibited minimum changes in nutritional as well as sensory attributes during six months’ storage when packed in polypropylene bags of 400-gauge thickness. It can be concluded that carrot powder can be prepared by dehydrating crushed materials by giving microwave pre-treatment for 60 seconds followed by pressing (T2M3P2) and the powder can remain microbiologically safe for storage period of six months.
... The findings of current study were in close agreement with USDA (10.68%) (USDA Food Composition databases, 2018). Also, higher amount of fiber present in tangerine peel might be, due to high amounts of total dry solids and emulsifying properties (Amin et al. 2017) and because of good amounts of potassium (Gopalan et al. 2004). ...
... Negligible amounts of this essential amino acid were recorded in tangerine peel powder and ginger. The figures for amino acid content corroborate with the reference values (Gopalan et al. 2004). In DSF, the amount of trypsin inhibitor was 4.7mg/g whereas it was not detected in other ingredients. ...
... reduced after baking due to its heat labile nature and heating foods at the temperature of 120 C for 15 to 30 minutes reduces almost whole amount of trypsin inhibitor present in legumes which also helps in improving protein digestibility. Higher temperature treatment is required in case of some legumes such as soya bean to reduce this anti nutritional factor (Gopalan et al., 2004). During present investigation, the biscuits containing defatted soya flour were baked at 180 C for 12 minutes. ...
... Defatted soya flour and wheat bran contained 3.71 and 3.64 g lysine/100 g protein, respectively. In wheat bran sample, the level of methionine Gopalan et al. (2004). Among biscuits, the lowest lysine content was found in T0. ...
Background: Assortment of Cereal-legume flour has been gaining attention nowadays for being a promising meat analogue for vegetarian population. Biscuits containing defatted soya flour (DSF), wheat flour (W F) and nutraceutical ingredients were developed for improved protein quality. Methods: T 1 , T 2 and T 3 were standardized at 60, 50 and 40% DSF levels to WF against T0 (100% WF). T 3 was finalized for assorted nutraceutical biscuits (T 4 and T 5) and half portion of DSF was replaced with nutraceutical ingredients. Treatments and raw ingredients were analyzed for trypsin inhibitor, amino acid content and in vitro protein digestibility. Result: T 4 was the highly acceptable treatment. A significantly (p<0.05) higher lysine and methionine contents were found in assorted nutraceutical biscuits than the control samples. In vitro protein digestibility was also higher in T 4 and T 5. Diverse nutraceuticals can be used in assortment of value added biscuits to obtain quality protein characteristics.
... Due to its nutritional value, Niger is often referred to as "Black Gold" or "thistle gold." Furthermore, Niger seeds are notably free from harmful substances (Nasirullah et al., 1982) [14] and are an excellent source of iron, providing 56.7 mg of iron per 100 grams, along with good amounts of protein and energy (Gopalan et al., 2012) [6] . Texture is a crucial attribute used by the fresh and processed food industries to assess product acceptance and quality. ...
... Due to its nutritional value, Niger is often referred to as "Black Gold" or "thistle gold." Furthermore, Niger seeds are notably free from harmful substances (Nasirullah et al., 1982) [14] and are an excellent source of iron, providing 56.7 mg of iron per 100 grams, along with good amounts of protein and energy (Gopalan et al., 2012) [6] . Texture is a crucial attribute used by the fresh and processed food industries to assess product acceptance and quality. ...
... Sorghum's essential amino acid composition and protein quality surpass those of many grains and millets. Fiber and B-complex vitamins can be found in abundance in sorghum (Gopalan et al., 2000 andPatil et al., 2010) [6,8] . In addition to containing a suitable amount of carbohydrates (72%), proteins (11.6%), and fat (1.9%), sorghum is also rich in fibre and minerals. ...
... Sorghum's essential amino acid composition and protein quality surpass those of many grains and millets. Fiber and B-complex vitamins can be found in abundance in sorghum (Gopalan et al., 2000 andPatil et al., 2010) [6,8] . In addition to containing a suitable amount of carbohydrates (72%), proteins (11.6%), and fat (1.9%), sorghum is also rich in fibre and minerals. ...
... charantia as depicted in the Figure 1. Similar reporting was done by Chinthan et al., (2021a) [5,6] , Chinthan et al., (2021b) [5,6] , Gopalan et al. (1982) [9] and Bharathi et al. (2014) [3] . Crude fibre is an important part in promoting digestive health and regulating bowel movements. ...
... The crude fibre content was five times the content in tender fruits of M. charantia var. charantia, which can be supported by the findings of the Gopalan et al. (1982) [9] and Parvathi and Kumar (2002) [23] . TSS content measured during the present study was similar to the findings of Srinivasulu et al. (2024) [30] and Sagar et al. (2024) [27] in M. charantia var. ...
The Momordica genus encompasses species that are related to bitter gourd and its close relatives. All Momordica species except bitter gourd are growing wild and are grown in a limited extent in many parts of India for various edible purposes. They are recognized for their significant nutritional and medicinal importance and are supposed to have anti-diabetic properties. Traditionally many communities use these species to treat various ailments. The Momordica species are primarily consumed for Vitamins (such as Vitamin A and C), minerals (including iron, calcium, and zinc) and dietary fibre. The present study was aimed to analyse different biochemical parameters present in Momordica spp. in order to popularise these spp among the farming community. From the study it is evident that wild Momordica species which were grown as neglected vegetables are possessing substantial quantities of nutrients and minerals when compared to common cultivated bitter gourd. Hence, these species can play a significant role in fulfilling our dietary requirements and promote overall human health. To appreciate the significance of the wild Momordica spp in human nutrition, it is essential to understand their nutritional composition.
... Nine food crops have been selected for the present study which, include rice, bajra, maize, wheat, barley, gram, pulses other than gram, fruits & vegetables and sugarcane. The food crops were converted into calories according to the nutritive values of Indian food worked out by the Indian Council of medical Research (Gopalan et al., 1977) [3] . The share of individual food crop in total calories available from different crops in the area is given in the (Gopalan, et al., 1977) [3] . ...
... The food crops were converted into calories according to the nutritive values of Indian food worked out by the Indian Council of medical Research (Gopalan et al., 1977) [3] . The share of individual food crop in total calories available from different crops in the area is given in the (Gopalan, et al., 1977) [3] . ...
... It has 11.9 % of moisture, 10.4 % of protein, 72.6 % of carbohydrates and a lower amount of fat content (1.9 %). It is also a good source of energy and provides about 349 Kcal/g (Gopalan et al., 1989). ...
The effect of incorporation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) in wheat flour and amaranth for preparation of noodles and ladoo, respectively at different concentrations was studied in terms of enhancement of nutritional quality. The acceptability of different levels of sorghum flour with wheat flour and popped sorghum with popped amaranth was determined by organoleptic evaluation of processed products. Organoleptic evaluation of products concluded that noodles were moderately desirable up to 30% replacement of wheat flour with sorghum flour, respectively. Popped sorghum incorporated ladoo were acceptable up to 75% replacement of popped amaranth with popped sorghum. Significant (p≤0.05) increases in ash and crude fibre contents and a decline in carbohydrates and calorific value were reported with increasing the level of sorghum flour in processed products. The variety of sorghum-incorporated products that are now offered to customers is restricted worldwide, which limits the potential advantages for consumers. Therefore, the current study is an effort towards new product developments with an emphasis on processing techniques that support the nutritional, health-promoting, and sensory qualities of the grain. © The Author(s) This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY).
... It contains about 33kcal, 7.45g carbohydrates, 1.48g sugars, 3.2g dietary fiber, and 2m proteins per 100g green pod of okra (Kumar et al., 2013). It also contains high fiber content that can help promote healthy digestion and has low cholesterol, reducing the risk of certain chronic diseases, such as heart disease (Gopalan et al., 1971;Kumar et al., 2009). Okra is effective in lowering blood sugar levels and helping those with diabetes. ...
This study was conducted in Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal in 2023 to investigate the effects of different pinching types and okra varieties on various growth and yield parameters. Treatments were arranged under a two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments includes two okra varieties (Arka Anamika and Parbati) and 4 pinching types (apical bud pinching (P1), ABP along with 1 leaf pinching (P2), and ABP along with 2 leaf pinching (P3) and control (P4)). Parbati has exhibited a higher plant height (80.78 cm) than Arka Anamika (72.35 cm). Similarly, the P4 pinching type resulted in the tallest plant (85.91 cm). The P1 pinching type demonstrated the highest number of primary branches (4.87), while the control plots had the lowest (3.00). Arka Anamika showed a higher leaf count (40.77) than Parbati (37.19). Notably, the P1 recorded the highest leaf count (43.41), followed by P2 (37.19), with the control plots showing the lowest leaf count (32.76). The findings reveal the significant impact of pinching treatments on yield. Pinching type P1 produced the highest yield of 15.45 mt/ha, whereas the control group yielded the lowest at 9.31 mt/ha, which was comparable to the yield observed for pinching type P3 at 10.83 mt ha-1. P1 also exhibited the highest number of pods per plant (15.90). Varieties and pinching methods exhibited notable interactions in average pod weight, diameter, and length. P1 displayed the widest pods (5.97 cm), whereas P2 had the longest (13.18 cm). Additionally, it can be noted that P3 yielded the heaviest pods at 16.16g when compared to P2, which yielded 14.09 g. Pinching treatments significantly influenced number of days to flowering, with P3 demonstrating the longest duration. Economic analysis was performed for evaluating technical efficiency, facilitating informed and sustainable decisions. Economically, P1 demonstrated superior performance, yielding a higher gross return of NPR 540,808.3, a net return of NPR 418,708.3, and a benefit-cost ratio of 4.43.
... Bajra is a rich source of phosphorus, and Ragi is a rich source of calcium (1). Other millets are rich sources of micronutrients. ...
CITE THIS ARTICLE Monis J, Panuganti R , Chitnis K. Millets based alternative sustainable cost-effective culture media for microbial growth. Plant Science Today. 2024; 11(2): 99-104. https:/ Abstract Millets are a rich source of starch, proteins, lipids, and other nutrients. This study aimed to assess whether millets can be used to formulate sustainable and economically viable culture media, thus potentially replacing the expensive traditional media used for growing microorganisms. Millet samples from Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu were assayed for their protein and lipid content. Sorghum vulgare (Jowar), Pennisetum glaucum (Bajra), and Eleusine coracana (Ragi) demonstrated high protein content ranging from 0.63-0.78 mg/ml. Using Thin Layer Chromatography, lipids extracted with hexane were fractionated into several bands and compared against standard fatty acids and cholesterol. Panicum miliaceum (Proso) and Setaria italica (Kang) showed the maximum levels of free fatty acids and cholesterol. Based on the protein, lipid, and nutrient content, millets were used in different compositions to formulate media for growing bacteria and fungi. A mixture of Ragi and Bajra, which serves as calcium and phosphate sources respectively, exhibited zones of phosphate solubilization, thus confirming its potential as an alternative to Pikovskaya medium, which is used to cultivate phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. A mixture of Varai and Rajgira, which serves as carbohydrate and protein sources respectively, showed luxurious growth of fungi, thus confirming its potential as an alternative to Sabouraud's Agar medium. Phosphate-solubilising bacteria are utilized in biofertilizer formation, thereby contributing to increased agricultural productivity. Besides proving a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective alternative, the use of millets for media preparation can boost the agriculture sector and the economy of farmers as well.
... Whereas, unripen fruits of okra contains 1.8 gm Protein, 90 mg Calcium, 3100 calorie Energy and 1mg Iron. Composition per 100 g of edible portion of okra contains, calories 35.0 mg, calcium 66.0 mg, iron 0.35 mg, carbohydrates 6.4 g, potassium 103.0 mg, protein 1.9 g, magnesium 53.0 mg, fat 0.2 g, copper 0.19 mg, fibre 1.2 g, riboflavin 0.01 mg, minerals 0.7 mg, thiamine 0.07 mg, phosphorus 56.0 mg, nicotinic acid 0.06 mg, sodium 6.9 mg, vitamin C 13.10 mg, sulphur 30.0 mg and oxalic acid 8.0 mg (Gopalan et al., 2007). The composition of okra leaves per 100 gm edible portion contains 81.50 g water, 235.00 KJ or 56.00 Kcal energy, 4.40 g Protein, 0.60 g Fat, 11.30 g Carbohydrate, 2.10 g Fiber, 532.00 mg Calcium, 70.00 mg Phosphorous, 0.70 mg iron, 59.00 mg Ascorbic acid, 385.00 mg carotene, 0.25 mg Thiamine, 2.80 mg Riboflavin and 0.20 mg Niacin (Varmudy, 2011). ...
... There are two types of fenugreek: Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella corniculata (Champa or Kasturi Methi), both belonging to the Leguminosae family. Fresh leaves of fenugreek leaves contain 4% protein, 1% fat, and 6% carbohydrate [4] . The distinctive aroma and flavor of these leaves, due to compounds like anethol and sotolone, make them a popular culinary herb [5,6] . ...
... It is valued for its tender pods. Nutritionally, 100 g of edible portion of okra provide calories 35.0 mg, calcium 66.0 mg, moisture 89.6 g, iron 0.35 mg, carbohydrates 6.4 g, potassium 103.0 mg, protein 1.9 g, magnesium 53.0 mg, fat 0.2 g, copper 0.19 mg, fiber 1.2 g, riboflavin 0.01 mg, minerals 0.7g, thiamine 0.07 mg, phosphorus 56.0 mg, nicotinic acid 0.06 mg, sodium 6.9 mg, vitamin C 13.10 mg, sulphur 30.0 mg and oxalic acid 8.0 mg [1]. Dried seeds contain 13-22% edible oil and 20-24% protein and used for refined edible oil. ...
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar nano-fertilizers on the growth and flowering of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) during the Zaid seasons of 586 Kanpur. A Factorial Randomized Block Design with 15 treatment combinations and three replications was employed, utilizing five major nutrients and three levels of micronutrients. The combination of 75% recommended soil applied NPK with foliar nano NPK (4 ml/L) and nano Zn and Fe (1g/4L) showed maximum improvements in growth parameters, including plant height (120.35cm), number of leaves/plant (55.38), number of nodes/plant (15.30), number of branches/plant (4.61), stem diameter (2.77cm) and minimum inter-nodal length (7.67cm) and flowering traits such as earlier first flowering (39.88 days), days to 50% flowering (44.36days) and increased flower production (22.60 flowers/plant).
... Additionally, it has gained importance because of a higher amount of calcium (344 mg/100 gm), an excellent source of natural iron 3.9 mg (Gopalan et al., 2009), phenolic compounds (Geetha et al., 1990) and its functional components, such as slowly digestible starch, protein (5-8%), ...
Background: The profiles of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of ten finger millet landraces harvested from the northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra were investigated. Methods: The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of ten landraces were assessed using H2O2, FRAP and Phosphomolybdenum assays. Result: Results of the H2O2 scavenging assay exhibit variation in their inhibition activity (59 -90.12 %). The highest H2O2 scavenging activity was shown by T1, followed by T2, T3, T5, T8, T10 and T29 (90.12, 82, 79.8, 82.9, 79 and 85.78 respectively) when compared the control sample T had significantly lower activity (55.87%). While the reducing power was in the range of 1.02-1.76 mM of Fe (II)/gm and the reducing capacity was in the range of 73.86-158.71 equivalents of ascorbic acid in µg/gm of extract. The highest reducing power was shown by T2, T15 and T8 as 1.98, 1.94 and 1.89 mM of Fe (II)/gm respectively; while lower values were recorded in T19 (0.89 mM of Fe (II)/gm) and T1 (1.02 mM of Fe (II)/gm). The total antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was calculated as ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) per gram. Based on the results, T2, T5, T8 and T10 had a high reducing potential (158.71, 143.2, 149.5 and 152.65 AAE of a sample, respectively) with reducing capacities ranging from 73.86 to 158.71 AAE. A total of seventeen phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts including seven ûavonoids, with catechin, Iso –orientin and Iso-vitexin being the predominant flavonoids. Ten phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts, with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, genistic acid and gaillic acid being the predominant ones. In conclusion, based on the antiradical activities, the landraces T2, T5, T8, T10 and T29 could be potential cultivars and certainly effective sources of natural antioxidants for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
... The commercialization of sorghum lies in proper utilization of its diverse economic importance (Elangovan, 2005) [3] . The nutritive value of sorghum is fairly high containing 2.0 to 3.0 per cent fat, 9.7 to 12.0 per cent protein, 1.5 to 2.0 per cent mineral matter, 100 g contains 25 to 35 mg Ca, 314 to 330 mg phosphorus and 5 to 7 mg iron with an energy value of 350 to 370 calorific value per 100 g of seed (Gopalan et al., 1977) [4] . Among the micronutrients, Zn deficiency is most prevalent in the world (Alloway, 2004) [5] . ...
... A typical compositional range for the components used in Kulfi mix is a milk fat 10-16%, milk solids not fat 9-12%, sucrose 9-12%, corn syrup solids 4-6%, stabilizers/emulsifiers 0-0.5%, total solids 36-45% and water 55-64%. With the changes in the scenario of utilization pattern of processed products and awareness of the consumers about the health benefits, finger millet has gained importance because of its functional components, such as slowly digestible starch and resistant starch, exceptionally rich in calcium (344mg/ 100mg) compared to all other cereals and an excellent plant source of natural iron (3.9mg/100mg) (Gopalan et al. 2004) [2] . Karnataka leads the market of finger millet production in India accounting for 58% of global sharing, but only a limited section of the population is aware of its nutritional and health importance (Chandra et al. 2016) [1] . ...
... Bitter gourd is diploid having chromosome number 2n=2x=22 and has its origin in the Indo-Burma region. Bitter gourd is cultivated primarily for its bitter and tender fruits, which are renowned for their rich nutritional compositions, vitamin A and C [1]. ...
A study was conducted during Rabi 2022 and Kharif 2023 at the Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to develop 49 F1 hybrids through the utilization of line × tester mating design. The parents and developed hybrids along with standard check (Pusa Hybrid 6) were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design) and Alpha lattice design, respectively, for yield and yield attributing traits. The combining ability analysis revealed that among 14 parents, Pusa Rasdar, Pusa Do Mausami, Pusa Vishesh, Hirkani and Pant Karela 4 were identified as best general combiners for most of the studied yield and yield attributing traits. The estimates of heterosis revealed that the hybrids, Konkan Karali × Pant Karela 4 (45.45%), Konkan Tara × Pusa Do Mausami (23.48%), Pusa Rasdar × Phule Green Gold (126.87%) and Hirkani × Pusa Do Mausami (46.20%) were top performing hybrids over standard check for fruit length, diameter, average weight and number of fruits per vine, respectively. Similarly, Pusa Rasdar × Pant Karela 4 (127.06%), Priya × Pusa Do Mausami (101.05%), Punjab 14 × Pusa Do Mausami (100.53%) and Pusa Rasdar × Pant Karela 3 (97.61%) were top performing hybrids over standard check for yield per vine. These hybrids also recorded highest significant sca effects hence, considered as good specific combiners.
... Not only does it include zinc, a necessary mineral for the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, but it also contains iron, one of the most concentrated forms of iron available. Therefore, individuals of all ages may profit from it (Gopalan et al., 1989). ...
Cookies are an exceptional energy source due to their elevated fat and carbohydrate content. Beyond their delectable taste, they are also rich in essential nutrients, including valuable proteins and minerals. This study evaluated the potential of the wheat variety NARC‐2011 for cookie production, focusing on nutritional enhancement by adding white sesame seeds at different proportions (5%, 10%, and 15%) to both whole and fine wheat flour. White sesame seeds were added to cookies mainly for their visual appeal, creating a nice contrast with the dough. They also have a mild flavor that complements the cookie without overwhelming it. Besides, they pack essential nutrients like protein, fiber, calcium, and iron, making the cookies more nutritious. The physical, chemical, and sensory properties of the different cookies were evaluated using standard methods. In terms of physical parameters, fine wheat flour cookies exhibited a diameter (46.45–50.47 mm), thickness (8.47–9.77 mm), and spreading factor (5.16–5.46 mm), and whole wheat flour cookies exhibited a diameter (48.47–52.31 mm), thickness (9.22–10.73 mm), and spreading factor (4.87–5.25 mm). Chemical analysis revealed moisture (5.78%–7.66%), fat (10.89%–16.16%), fiber (6.10%–8.46%), ash (4.82%–7.40%), protein (0.74%–1.40%), non‐fiber carbohydrates (63.67%–67.55%) for fine wheat flour cookies, and moisture (5.67%–7.39%), fat (10.89%–16.16%), fiber (11.47%–15.98%), ash (0.54%–0.83%), protein (5.65%–8.13%), non‐fiber carbohydrates (57.86%–66.55%), total phenolic content (2.86 mg/g), flavonoids (1.46 mg/g), and antioxidant activity (80.76%) in whole wheat flour cookies with sesame fortification. Gas chromatography revealed higher unsaturated fatty acids (83.22%) in NARC‐2011 wheat oil compared to white sesame seed oil (79.78%). In sensory evaluations, cookies fortified with 10% sesame seeds in fine wheat flour received the highest level of acceptability from the panelists. On the other hand, cookies made from whole wheat flour fortified with 15% sesame seeds garnered the maximum acceptability ratings from the panelists. In conclusion, supplementing NARC‐2011 wheat flour with sesame seeds, whether in fine or whole wheat form, improves the quality of cookies and nutritional content while offering appropriate sensory attributes at particular sesame seed levels.
... Due to lack of awareness finger millet is rarely consumed in diet. It is also rich in protein along with the presence of essential amino acids, vitamin A, vitamin B and phosphorus (Gopalan et al., 2004). Finger millet is a good source of diet for growing children, expecting womens', old age people and patients. ...
... The plant has the following biochemical components: Moisture 89.6g, Protein 1.9g, Fat 0.2 g, Fiber 1.2 g, Calories 35, Phosphorous 56 mg, Sodium 6.9 mg, Sulphur 30 mg, Riboflavin 0.1 mg, Oxalic acid 8 mg, Minerals 0.7mg, Carbohydrates 6.4g, Calcium 66 mg, Iron 0.3 5mg, Potassium 103 mg, Thiamine 0.07 mg, Nicotinic acid 0.6mg, Vitamin C 13 mg, Magnesium 53 mg and Copper 0.19 mg, [1].The fruit is also beneficial for leucorrhoea, overall weakness, and renal colic. The dry seed contains 13-22% good food oil and has numerous other uses. ...
The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during kharif season 2023. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight different treatments viz. T1: Weed check control. T2: Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @6ml/L. T3: Postemergence application of metribuzin @525g/ha. T4: Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @6ml/L. + 1 hand weeding at 40 DAS T5: Postemergence application of metribuzin @525g/ha at 25 DAS+ 1 hand weeding at 60 DAS. T6: Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @6ml/L.+ Postemergence application of metribuzin @525g/ha, T7 Weed free check {three hand weeding} at 20,40,60 DAS respectively, T8: Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @6ml/L.+ Postemergence application of metribuzin @525g/ha+ One hand weeding 40 DAS replicated thrice. The okra variety ‘Azad Bhindi-1’ was used in experiment. The result of the study revealed that at 30 DAS maximum plant height (30.10cm) was reported in treatment T6, and 60 and 90 DAS maximum plant height (76.50 and 110.00 cm) was reported in T8 and at 30 days maximum number of nodes on main stem of plant (8.70) found in T6, whereas at 60 and 90 DAS maximum number of nodes on main stem of plant (17.80 and 20.50) was reported in T8 . At 30 days maximum diameter of stem(1.30 cm) was reported in treatment T6 , and at 60 and 90 DAS maximum diameter of stem(1.90 and 2.50 cm) reported in T8, at 30 days maximum number of leaves/plant (8.80) is reported in T6 and at 60 and 90 days maximum number of leaves/plant (2.27 and 4.76) is was reported in T8. At 60 and 90 DAS Maximum number of branches per plant (4.90 and 5.96) was found in T8 Maximum Pod diameter (1.80 cm), fruit weight (13.55 gm), pod length (14.30 cm), number of pods per plant ( 25.74 ), pod yield per plant ( 285.00 gm) , pod yield per hectare (16.50 t), TSS ( 3.18 0Brix), crude fibre (8.65 %) and chlorophyll content (1.22 mg) were reported in T8.
... However, in IndiaAbelmoschus esculentus is most common and has great commercial demand due to its nutritional value. It is good source of vitamin A, B, C and also rich in protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, iron and iodine" [1,2]. Okra is cultivated for its immature pods to be consumed as fresh and canned food as well as for seed purpose. ...
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) belong to the Malvaceae family and an important vegetable crop widely cultivated in the Indian subcontinent. However, several factors influence okra crop as biotic and abiotic. Among the diseases affecting its cultivation, okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVM) belong to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus and transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, Order: Hemiptera, Family: Aleyrodidae, is the one of the most destructive disease. Randomly selected five plants of each plot were observed for the population of whitefly at weekly interval starting with 20 days after sowing. First appearance of whitefly was recorded at 30 th standard weekand rapid progress of whitefly population was recorded from 31 th standard week to 37 th and 38 th standard week during both the years. The whitefly population with the minimum temperature and relative humidity showed non-significant positive correlation, whereas, maximum temperature and rainfall was non-significantly negative correlated during both the years. The whitefly population was non-significantly positive correlated with percent disease incidence of YVMV.
... The crops like Eleusine coracana and Fagopyrum esculentum are rich source of Carbohydrates, Perilla & Setaria are rich in fat contents, whereas crops such as Amaranthus caudatus, Fagopyrum esculentum, and Echinochloa frumentacea showed the highest fibre content (Table 1). Owing to their high nutritional value they are an important component of traditional therapeutic system and contribute significantly in healing and curing various diseases [13,14]. This has resulted in reshaping their food habits using traditional crops during COVID for improving immune system. ...
The COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted the importance of utilizing traditional Ecological knowledge (TEK) to address the health risks linked to the pandemic. Mountain communities have traditionally relied on wild plant species and indigenous crops to enhance their immune system and maintain nutritional security. Recognizing the significance of indigenous knowledge systems this study was undertaken to explore plant-based traditional healthcare systems to revitalize immunity against COVID-19. A comprehensive survey and interviews of 195 local healers (Vaidyas) and residents were carried out using structured and semi-structured questionnaires following the convenience sampling method. The survey identified 40 plant species traditionally used for treating various ailments and augmenting immune functions. This study revealed a strong interest (over 80%) among the local population in plant-based remedies to enhance immunity for COVID-19. This study underscores the necessity of revitalizing and integrating diminishing traditional knowledge into mainstream healthcare practices, emphasizing the significance of region-specific approaches aligned with local resources and requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for exploration and recognition of the value of traditional knowledge and indigenous foods, alongside rigorous clinical trials to ascertain their role in fortifying health resilience against COVID-19.
... Extensive research over the past decade has revealed the presence of a hypoglycemic compound called "charantin" [8]. In terms of vitamins, it is a source of 126.0 mg of vitamin A and 96.0 mg of vitamin C [9]. ...
The present study was undertaken at the Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Bengaluru, during the Rabi season of 2022 using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to evaluate eighteen bitter gourd genotypes, including the check Pusa Hybrid 6, for various yield and yield attributing traits, highlighting significant variations among them. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for the studied traits. Genotype Pusa Purvi produced the maximum number of fruits per vine (46.67), whereas, Pusa Rasdar produced the least number of fruits (12.33) per vine. The longest fruits were recorded in Pant Karela 4 (24 cm) followed by Phule Green Gold (19.37 cm) and Priya (19 cm), whereas, the smallest fruits were found in Pusa Purvi (5.07 cm). The genotype Pusa Rasdar exhibited the maximum fruit diameter (6.53 cm) and highest fruit weight (148.14 g), while Pusa Purvi exhibited the minimum diameter (2.72 cm). The genotype Konkan Tara (1.96 kg) followed by Pusa Rasdar (1.79 kg) and Priya (1.60 kg) exhibited the maximum fruit yield per vine. These genotypes may be selected as parents in further breeding programme to improve the crop in terms of yield traits.
... It grows best in dry farming conditions and is mostly cultivated as a rainfed crop (Vilas et al., 2015). Among all the small millets, finger millet assumes significance due to consumption in its natural state as well as after processing and is a good source of calcium and dietary fibre (Gopalan et al., 1989;Rao and Murlikrishna, 2001). During 2021-2022, the area occupied by small millets in India was 1.45 million hectares of which finger millet alone occupied 1.004 million hectares with production of 1.76 million tonnes and productivity of 1747 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2023). ...
An investigation was carried out with 101 finger millet genotypes for assessment of genetic variability and heritability in four environments during Kharif 2021. Variation due to genotypes for all the traits under study was found significant suggesting high amount of variability among different genotypes for different traits providing ample scope for selection and further evaluation as well as improvement in the seed yield and its component traits. Grain yield per plant (g) had moderate heritability estimates along with high genetic advance expressed as per cent of mean which implied that the character is controlled by genes having additive nature. High heritability combined with high genetic advance expressed as per cent of mean was noted for the characters viz., main ear head length, finger length, 1000-seed weight, protein content, calcium content, iron content and zinc content. Simple selection for such characters would be rewarding.
... Numerous studies have explored dietary patterns and nutritional status of various populations. These include works by Dandekar and Patwardhan (1971), Gopalan et al. (1974Gopalan et al. ( , 1984, Sukhatme (1977), Choudhry and Visweswara (1983), Rao (1995), Hiwarkar et al. (1998), Barker et al. (2006), and Tungdim and Kapoor (2008), among others. ...
Nutrition and adequate diet plays an important role in the efficiency and welfare of the workers and non workers and in manufacturing work, the nutrient demand and energy expenditure are little high as compare to Non workers. Therefore, adequate nutrient and energy intake of manufacturing workers is of paramount importance. The interrelationship of physical activity, food intake and extremes of environmental temperature are important considerations influencing nutritional intake and physical performance in various activities of workers. Here, an attempt has been made to assess the Intake and Expenditure of Calories among the Manufacturing Worker of Uttar Pradesh. The present study assessed the nutritional status of 152 workers working in different working level under Varanasi district. The dietary status was determined by the food and nutrient intake using diet history and the energy expenditure was computed by a factorial method using activity level and time records of 7 days. This study aimed to achieve two goals. First, it sought to establish survey methods for measuring how industrial workers distribute their calorie intake across different activities. Second, the researchers took advantage of the survey to gather anthropological, medical, and physiological data on the workers themselves. The energy expended during work was then estimated by analyzing the energy demands of specific tasks and the time spent performing them. These objectives, which marked a novel approach in surveying, were largely met. The study demonstrated that collecting the necessary information through surveys was feasible. However, challenges arose in interpreting the data, highlighting the need for further research on job evaluation and for more standardized data on calorie expenditure per activity
... According to some estimates, a few places may gain from climate change because of higher production and yields, but this would not be enough to feed the growing population around the world" [11]. "Furthermore, the majority of scientists concur that crop output would be severely decreased by the current rates of global warming and greenhouse gas emissions [12,13,14]. Therefore, ensuring food security depends greatly on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to control global temperatures. ...
Climate change, water scarcity, population growth, rising food prices, and other socioeconomic repercussions are anticipated to pose a serious danger to agriculture and global food security in the twenty-first century, especially for the world's poorest residents of arid and subarid countries. We must concentrate on dry lands in order to significantly boost the production of grains because agricultural fields with irrigation systems have been fully utilized. It is difficult to use arid areas to produce sufficient quality grains because of their poor productivity. The most important source of food in the world is cereal grains, which also play an important part in the global diet of people. In the semiarid tropics of Africa and Asia, millet is one of the most significant drought-resistant crops and is a major source of carbohydrates and proteins for the local population. Additionally, millet grain is currently attracting more interest from food scientists, technologists, and nutritionists due to its significant contribution to national food security and potential health advantages. The phytochemicals found in millet grains have a beneficial impact on human health by reducing phytates and cholesterol levels. The quest for substitute grains is necessary to relieve the pressure caused by the frenetic demands on cereals and their uses in numerous industries. The performance improved when pearl and finger millets were substituted for maize in the diets of several animals. In terms of poor growth conditions and high nutritional value, millets outperform other grains like wheat and rice as crops that are climate change compliant. These strategies will aid in the fight against hunger and malnutrition while also providing monetary benefits to the millet growers and other stakeholders.
... The crops like Eleusine coracana and Fagopyrum esculentum are rich source of Carbohydrates, Perilla & Setaria are rich in fat contents, whereas crops such as Amaranthus caudatus, Fagopyrum esculentum, and Echinochloa frumentacea showed the highest fibre content (Table 1). Owing to their high nutritional value they are an important component of traditional therapeutic system and contribute significantly in healing and curing various diseases [13,14]. This has resulted in reshaping their food habits using traditional crops during COVID for improving immune system. ...
The COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted the importance of utilizing traditional Ecological knowledge (TEK) to address the health risks linked to the pandemic. Mountain communities have traditionally relied on wild plant species and indigenous crops to enhance their immune system and maintain nutritional security. Recognizing the significance of indigenous knowledge systems this study was undertaken to explore plant-based traditional healthcare systems to revitalize immunity against COVID-19. A comprehensive survey and interviews of 195 local healers (Vaidyas) and residents were carried out using structured and semi-structured questionnaires following the convenience sampling method. The survey identified 40 plant species traditionally used for treating various ailments and augmenting immune functions. This study revealed a strong interest (over 80%) among the local population in plant-based remedies to enhance immunity for COVID-19. This study underscores the necessity of revitalizing and integrating diminishing traditional knowledge into mainstream healthcare practices, emphasizing the significance of region-specific approaches aligned with local resources and requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for exploration and recognition of the value of traditional knowledge and indigenous foods, alongside rigorous clinical trials to ascertain their role in fortifying health resilience against COVID-19.
... [4] Analysis of Madhu, Sharkara and Laja was conducted as per National Institute of Nutrition Guidelines. [5] Physicochemical analysis of Gairika, Mritkapala and Laja was done using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) ...
Shonitasthapana Varga Dravyas of Charaka consists of Audhbida (Madhuka, Lodhra, Mocharasa, Priyangu, Kunkuma), Jangama (Madhu), Parthiva (Gairika, Mritkapala) and Ahara Dravya (Laja, Sharkara). Potent pharmacological action of the drug depends on proper identification authentication and purity of the drug. Majority of the drugs of Shonitasthapana Varga are subjected to extensive adulteration commercially. Detailed pharmacognostic analysis of the group of drugs is indispensable before its utility in therapeutics. Samples of Shonitasthapana Varga Dravyas were collected, procured or purchased from authentic sources and analyzed for their organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical characteristics. The results of Madhu, Madhuka, Lodhra, Mocharasa, Priyangu, Gairika, Kunkuma and Sharkara were within the limits of Indian Pharmacopieal standards; Laja as per the Indian Council for Medical research guidelines. The Pharmacognostic analysis of Shonitasthapana Varga Dravyas helps in standardization and safe use of the drugs clinically on human subjects for its maximum therapeutic effects.
... 15%). [13] Proteins ...
... Okra is grown for its fruits or pods, the immature fruits, leaves and succulent shoots are picked and eaten as a vegetable, either fresh or dried to provide nutrients (Arapitsas, 2008) [2] . Okra is rich in nutrients, including protein, carbohydrates, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and trace amounts of vitamins B and C (Gopalan, 2007) [8] . The tender fruits have high levels of mucilage, protein, vitamin A and C, including riboflavin, and minerals like calcium, magnesium, iron and phosphorus (Ndaeyo et al., 2005) [22] . ...
The present study was carried out at the Research farm of Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P) during the summer season of 2023. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications comprising seven treatments consisting of different combinations of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers to assess the impact of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, soil and economics of okra crop. The results revealed that treatment T7 [N: P: K (50%) + Farm Yard Manure (25%) + Vermicompost (25%)] influenced all parameters like days to first flower appearance (36.40), plant height (98.03 cm), stem diameter (3.0 cm), number of leaves per plant (26.39), length of leaves (30.91 cm), average fruit weight (26.95 g), fruit length (24.07 cm), fruit diameter (3.27 cm), yield per plot (6.91 kg), yield per hectare (155.42 q), available nitrogen (301.32 kg/ha), available phosphorus (36.02 kg/ha), available potassium (249.08 kg/ha). The maximum water holding capacity (24.68%) and organic carbon (1.02%) were recorded in treatment T3 [N: P: K (50%) + Farm Yard Manure (50%)] and T5 [N: P: K (50%) + Vermicompost (50%)] respectively. The economics in terms of gross return (₹ 466258.5), net return (₹ 358,245) and B: C ratio (3.32) were also maximum in T7.
... In terms of root weight, Carrot Touchon (0.66) outperformed Nantes, which had the least root weight (-1.15). This study confirms the established notion that carrots are abundant sources of vital compounds, including carbohydrates, carotenes, antioxidants, and flavonoids, as recognized by earlier studies 19,2 . These inherent qualities position carrots as valuable contributors to daily nutritional needs by providing essential elements such as beta carotene, vitamin K, fiber, and antioxidants, thereby bolstering overall health 4 . ...
The increasing global concern about ecologically unsafe agricultural practices calls for an
investigation of how fertilizer combinations and harvest age interact to influence the biochemical
qualities of crops. The study objective was to determine the biochemical responses of three carrot
varieties to fertilizer composition, and harvest-age interactions. Three carrot varieties, Graffas,
Carrot Touchon, and Nantes; four fertilizer compositions, 10 t/ha of poultry manure + 200 kg of
NPK 15:15:15 (PM10 + NPK200), 20 t/ha of pig manure + 200 kg of NPK 15:15:15 (PIG20 +
NPK200), 350 kg of NPK 15:15:15 (NPK350), and 0 t/ha (control); and three harvest-age, 10, 12,
and 14 weeks after planting (WAP) were evaluated in a 3 x 4 x 3 factorial in randomized complete
block design with 3 replications. Variations in biochemical concentrations of carrot roots with
variety, fertilizer type, and harvest-age interactions were recorded. Proximate qualities were
generally higher in Nantes and Graffas varieties grown with the combined use of organic and
inorganic fertilizers harvested at 10 WAP. Phytochemical quality was higher in Graffas and Carrot
Touchon grown with PM10 + NPK200 when harvested at 14 WAP. Nantes variety grown with
NPK350 and harvested at 12 WAP had higher vitamin contents. Root weight had a positive
correlation with saponin (0.22), carbohydrate (0.31), alkaloid (0.33), vitamin E (0.26), and fiber
(0.19). Vitamin C displayed positive correlations with vitamin B (0.43), vitamin E (0.56), alkaloid
(0.67), tannin (0.31), saponin (0.32), and carbohydrate (0.35), while beta-carotene exhibited
positive correlations with vitamin A (0.42) and tannin (0.38).
... It is mainly grown in China, Southeast Asia, and Europe [1]. The multiplier onion is considered more nutritive than a bigger variety in terms of carbohydrates, protein, carotene and minerals [2]. Several studies have indicated that shallots have higher quantities of polyphenols, flavonoids and other phytochemical substances linked with antioxidant and anti-fungal activity than other Allium cepa L members [3]. ...
Background
Shallots are infected by various viruses like Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), Shallot latent virus (SLV) and Shallot virus X (ShVX). In India, they have been found to be persistently infected by ShVX. ShVX also infects onion and garlic in combination with other carlaviruses and potyviruses. ShVX is a member of genus Allexivirus of family Alphaflexiviridae. ShVX has a monopartite genome, which is represented by positive sense single-stranded RNA. Globally, only six complete and 3 nearly complete genome sequences of ShV X are reported to date. This number is insufficient to measure a taxon’s true molecular diversity. Moreover, the complete genome sequence of ShVX from Asia has not been reported as yet. Therefore, this study was undertaken to generate a complete genome sequence of ShVX from India.
Results
Shallot virus X (ShVX) is one of the significant threats to Allium crop production. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence of the ShVX from India through Next-generation sequencing (NGS). The complete genome of the ShVX (Accession No. OK104171), from this study comprised 8911 nucleotides. In-silico analysis of the sequence revealed variability between this isolate and isolates from other countries. The dissimilarities are spread all over the genome specifically some non-coding intergenic regions. Statistical analysis of individual genes for site-specific selection indicates a positive selection in NABP region. The presence of a recombination event was detected in coat protein region. The sequence similarity percentage and phylogenetic analysis indicate ShVX Indian isolate is a distinctly different isolate. Recombination and site-specific selection may have a function in the evolution of this isolate. This is the first detailed study of the ShVX complete genome sequence from Southeast Asia.
Conclusion
This study presents the first report of the entire genome sequence of an Indian isolate of ShVX along with an in-depth exploration of its evolutionary traits. The findings highlight the Indian variant as a naturally occurring recombinant, emphasizing the substantial role of recombination in the evolution of this viral species. This insight into the molecular diversity of strains within a specific geographical region holds immense significance for comprehending and forecasting potential epidemics. Consequently, the insights garnered from this research hold practical value for shaping ShVX management strategies and providing a foundation for forthcoming studies delving into its evolutionary trajectory.
... Among vitamins and minerals, it contains vitamin C around 5 mg per 100 g, vitamin B1 0.1 mg per 100 g and vitamin A 312 IU, whereas in minerals potassium content is around 262 mg per 100 g, calcium 210 mg per 100 g, iron 1.7 mg per 100 g. Its carbohydrates content is 6.7 g per 100 g [4]. Water soluble polysaccharides such as rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, uronic acid, and unidentified carbohydrates and proteins are found in its seeds [5]. ...
The morphological characterization of Indian bean genotypes of Bundelkand region was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, RLBCAU, Jhansi during kharif season 2020-21. A total of 21 genotypes of Indian bean were collected from various districts of Uttar Pradesh. The randomized block design with two replications was used and morphological characterization was conducted. Observations were recorded on ten morphological characters selected from DUS. Dolichos bean germplasm exhibits significant diversity in various qualitative traits, including plant growth habit (ranging from pole to bush), stem colour variations (green, dark green, and purple), diverse flower colours (purple, white, and dark purple), leaf vein colours (light green, green, and purple), distinct leaf densities (sparse, intermediate, and dense), pod colours encompassing green, light green, 367 white, purple, and dark purple, as well as pod characteristics such as curvature (straight, curved, and highly curved) and shape (straight, intermediate, and curved).
... Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is necessary for the creation of collagen, which is a crucial component of the skin, gums, and bones. Underutilized vegetables are high in vitamin C because ascorbic acid concentrations are 12 mg/100 in roselle and 55 mg/100 g in water convolvulus [11]. ...
Vegetables are essential to a balanced diet and are the primary force behind the achievement of global nutritional security due to their presence of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Vegetable crops classified as underused are those that are neither widely traded nor farmed on a commercial basis. Underutilized crop species have the potential to boost the country's economy but have not received enough attention because of a decline in focus on their production, consumption, and utilization. An examination of the literature found that most underutilized crop species are nutritious, and some even have medicinal properties. Vegetables that are underutilized may be significant locally or regionally, but they are typically not valued or approved nationally. The plant species that are traditionally used for food, fiber, fodder, oil, or medicinal purposes are the underutilized vegetable crops. Nonetheless, such species have untapped potential to provide environmental benefits, Review Article Kumaresan et al.; Asian Res. 234 economic production, nutrition, health, and food security. Using underused crops improves rural populations' health and contributes to the fight against malnutrition-related problems. Unused vegetables are a rich source of energy, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins and minerals. These nutrients can help prevent and treat a number of illnesses, including hypertension, cancer, kwashiorkor, marasmus, night blindness, anemia, diabetes, and hidden hunger. Important underutilized vegetable crops include kale, broad beans, asparagus, amaranthus, basella, moringa, ivy gourds, globe artichokes, and others. India's soil and climate are ideal for growing a variety of underutilised vegetables. As a result, the Indian government has started to promote the underutilized vegetables. In conclusion, underutilized vegetable production can help address the shortage of per capita consumption availability and address nutritional issues while creating jobs and raising rural residents' incomes, all of which have the potential to boost the national economy.
... Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is necessary for the creation of collagen, which is a crucial component of the skin, gums, and bones. Underutilized vegetables are high in vitamin C because ascorbic acid concentrations are 12 mg/100 in roselle and 55 mg/100 g in water convolvulus [11]. ...
Vegetables are essential to a balanced diet and are the primary force behind the achievement of global nutritional security due to their presence of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Vegetable crops classified as underused are those that are neither widely traded nor farmed on a commercial basis. Underutilized crop species have the potential to boost the country's economy but have not received enough attention because of a decline in focus on their production, consumption, and utilization. An examination of the literature found that most underutilized crop species are nutritious, and some even have medicinal properties. Vegetables that are underutilized may be significant locally or regionally, but they are typically not valued or approved nationally. The plant species that are traditionally used for food, fiber, fodder, oil, or medicinal purposes are the underutilized vegetable crops. Nonetheless, such species have untapped potential to provide environmental benefits, Review Article Kumaresan et al.; Asian Res. 234 economic production, nutrition, health, and food security. Using underused crops improves rural populations' health and contributes to the fight against malnutrition-related problems. Unused vegetables are a rich source of energy, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins and minerals. These nutrients can help prevent and treat a number of illnesses, including hypertension, cancer, kwashiorkor, marasmus, night blindness, anemia, diabetes, and hidden hunger. Important underutilized vegetable crops include kale, broad beans, asparagus, amaranthus, basella, moringa, ivy gourds, globe artichokes, and others. India's soil and climate are ideal for growing a variety of underutilised vegetables. As a result, the Indian government has started to promote the underutilized vegetables. In conclusion, underutilized vegetable production can help address the shortage of per capita consumption availability and address nutritional issues while creating jobs and raising rural residents' incomes, all of which have the potential to boost the national economy.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is grown for its seeds, which are used in human food as well as in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In Chad, sesame is considered a promising sector. It is one of many plant resources that can be exploited for food and economic purposes. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the biochemical quality of sesame. The biochemical characteristics of seeds of local varieties with black seeds and S-42 with white seeds from Kournari (Sahelian zone) and Kélo (in the Sudanian zone) were evaluated from laboratory analyses. The moisture content of the samples was determined by differential weighing. Ash content was determined by differential weighing at room temperature. The crude protein content was calculated from the nitrogen contents obtained after mineralization of the samples by the Kjeldahl method. Total lipids are extracted by Soxhlet. Carbohydrate content was estimated by the FAO. The energy value per 100 g of the sample was also determined by the FAO method. The crude fiber content was determined according to the Weende method Wolf. The results were analyzed using the Excel spreadsheet XLAT and R software version 4.4.0. The results showed that the seeds of sesame varieties have average protein contents ranging from 22.195 and 26.397%. The lipid contents obtained varied from 48.679 to 52.769%. The carbohydrate content of sesame seeds varying between from 19.686 to 12.528%. The energy value of sesame varieties is greater than 400 Kcal. It is between 490.981 Kcal/100g (Kélo SN) to 508.126 Kcal/100g (Kélo S 42). This study showed that sesame seeds (local black seed variety and S 42 varieties) produced in Chad are an excellent source of nutrients and highly energetic. Soluble dietary fibers varied between 4.15 ± 0.22 and 3.37 ± 0.22 g/100g. Correlation analysis showed that energy value appears to be moderately influenced by ash (0.651) and crude fiber (0.654) content. Considering their biochemical composition, this oilseed could be exploited in nutrition and food formulation.
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) is an underutilized minor millet traditionally consumed as bird feed but nowadays, because of an increase in awareness about the health benefits of millet, the demand for millet products is increasing in the market. Millets are gluten-free, have a low glycemic index, and possess many functional and nutraceutical properties. The physicochemical and functional properties of millets are quite different from the cereals as millets are gluten-free which can be a challenge to develop new products with millets substituting the cereals in the formulations. The millet flour properties such as physical, functional and nutrient components affect the product's processing steps and quality. Hence, the present study was conducted to analyze the physicochemical and functional properties of proso millet grain and its flour. The study found that the proso millet grains were small, oval in shape, and yellow in colour. The L * , a * and b * values were 76.25, 5.20, and 27.83 respectively. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, and swelling capacity of the proso millet flour were 1.15 g/g, 1.16 g/g, and 4.51 ml/g with a good amount of protein (12.10%) and crude fiber (5.55%). Tannin content was 228.24 mg tannic acid equivalent per 100 g, total phenolic content was 25.17 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g and 45.17 per cent DPPH inhibition activity. It can be concluded that proso millet can be a nutritious gluten-free functional ingredient with good physical properties and nutrients. Proso millet has the potential properties and it can be incorporated into different food product formulations to make them more nutritious.
Traditional foods are a good example of how food may have a purpose beyond just being a source of nutrients. Consuming these classic foods on regular basis offers a great way to prevent many illnesses. Rasam, a traditional dish popular in the southern region of India consumed usually along with rice on a regular basis is known for its unique blend of spices and a wide range of ingredients like tamarind, turmeric, tomato, sesame oil, chili pepper, garlic, black pepper, coriander and asafoetida all offering therapeutic and physiological advantage to human health. The findings of this review paper will contribute to the growing body of knowledge on traditional foods and their potential health implications. The goal is to bridge the gap between traditional culinary practices and modern nutritional sciences, shedding light on the potential of Rasam as a health-promoting element in southern cuisine.
Although native to the Indian subcontinent, the drought-resistant Moringa oleifera has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extraordinary nutritional and medicinal properties. In developing countries, malnutrition still threatens public health and demands integrated approaches to improve the nutritional status, especially among children. In this regard, Moringa oleifera is a powerful tool for enhancing children's nutritional status due to its remarkable amino acid and vitamin, particularly in areas with restricted access to a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods. It is also rich in iron content and other essential nutrients needed for iron metabolism; thus, Moringa trees have been employed in developing tropical countries to alleviate malnutrition and treat childhood diseases such as iron deficiency anaemia. This review highlights the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera and its therapeutic uses for children.
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the Musa genus, focusing on its significance, diversity, cultivation practices, commercial applications, and impact on health and well-being. The introduction highlights the economic importance of the Musa genus, particularly bananas, and plantains, as globally consumed fruit crops. It emphasizes their role in food security, poverty alleviation, and rural development. The classification and diversity of Musa species are discussed, with a focus on recent advancements in understanding their genetic diversity and evolutionary history. The geographical distribution and cultivation practices of Musa varieties are explored, including major production regions in India and worldwide. The article also delves into the various bioactive compounds found in Musa varieties, their potential therapeutic uses, and their significance in wound healing, anti-cancer activity, and diabetes management. The commercial applications of Musa varieties in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries are highlighted. Furthermore, the safety and adverse effects of Musa varieties are addressed, drawing from toxicological studies. The importance of Musa varieties in promoting health and well-being is emphasized, considering their medicinal properties, nutritional composition, cultural significance, and potential for commercial applications. The article concludes by highlighting the need for further research and utilization of Musa varieties to maximize their benefits and contribute to human health and wellbeing.
For centuries, the local populations have been consuming underutilised green leafy crops. By satisfying their dietary and nutritional needs, they have made a substantial contribution to raising the standard of health in impoverished areas. Numerous studies have shown that eating enough veggies on a daily basis lowers the chance of developing chronic illnesses like diabetes, cancer, metabolic disorders like childhood and adult obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The main components of their nutritional and bioactive qualities, the possibility of their introduction as therapeutic use, their commercial value on the market, and an examination of inventive and nourishing applications are all covered in this article. According to the material that is now accessible, several wild vegetables offer significant nutritional content, including protein, carbohydrates, and therapeutic qualities. This research focuses on the commercial exploitation of wild vegetables in the eastern foothills of the Himalayas as a source of alternative medicines and nutritional supplements. It also examines consumer perceptions of wild vegetables and their risks.
Dietary behaviors are fundamental in the progress of almost all diseases including hepatic lipid accretion, known as “nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)”. Be that as it may, there are restricted examinations in regards to the dietary propensities for patients with perpetual liver illness. This pilot study was carried out to evaluate feasibility of a large-scale project in terms of data collection and research process. A cross-sectional examination was directed on 20 NAFLD patients going to the outpatient division of Bangladesh Institute of Health science (BIHS). All patients underwent abdominal ultrasound, biochemical tests, dietary evaluations, and anthropometric evaluations. Their food intake was measured by a food-frequency questionnaire and 24-hour food recall.The mean age of the patients was 53±1.8 years, 50% of the individuals were men, most participants were overweight and 30% had NAFLD with fibrosis. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake and fat related diet behavior between patients with and without fibrosis. Yet fat related diet was found to be significantly associated with high LDL cholesterol levels and age. Due to small sample size, no significant impact of diet pattern was observed on the severity of NAFLD patient among included subjects. Future studies need to be carried out with a larger sample size and among subjects not exposed to diet intervention.
Vegetables constitute the basis of a balanced diet and the main source of global nutritional security, because of their high nutrient, vitamin, and mineral content, Underused vegetable crops are those that are not grown for commercial purposes or traded extensively. Due to a decrease in emphasis on their production, consumption, and utilization, underutilized crop species haven't received the attention they deserve and have the ability to strengthen the nation's economy. The majority of underutilized crop species are rich in nutrients, and some even have therapeutic qualities, according to a review of the literature. Underutilized vegetables could be important on a local or regional level, but they are usually not recognized or valued on a national level. The underused vegetable crops are those plant species that are traditionally used for food, fiber, fodder, oil, or medicinal uses. However, there is unrealized potential for these species to contribute to food security, economic productivity, nutrition, health, and the environment. Using underutilized crops helps combat issues related to malnutrition and enhances the health of rural populations. Vegetables that are discarded can provide a wealth of nutrients, including lipids, proteins, carbs, and vitamins and minerals. Hypertension, cancer, kwashiorkor, marasmus, night blindness, anemia, diabetes, and hidden hunger are just a few of the ailments 16 that these nutrients can help prevent or treat. Globe artichokes, kale, broad beans, asparagus, amaranthus, basella, moringa, ivy gourds, and others are significant underutilized vegetable crops. India's climate and soil are perfect for growing a wide range of underappreciated vegetables. Therefore, the Indian government has begun to promote the veggies that are underutilized. In conclusion, underused vegetable production has the potential to strengthen the national economy by addressing nutritional concerns, the lack of vegetables available for per capita consumption, and job creation and income growth for rural residents.
To attend the maximum spiritual growth the yoga practitioner needs to consume special food called Satvik diet. The present paper discusses the need for balancing the Satvik diet in terms of protein. The food included in Satvik diet are natural fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, pulses, honey, nuts, milk, ginger etc. For the proper maintenance of body, all the nutrients (carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals and water) must be present in right amount in diet called balance diet. Although Satvik food contain all the nutrients in good amount but less in protein. Except pulses all the other foods included in Satvik food are less in protein. In balance diet the protein should provide 10 % of the daily needs of energy. As per recommended dietary allowances 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight is desired for sedentary adult. As far as the health of human is concern, the protein is important as protein in the form of enzyme, antibodies, haemoglobin is vital for body and helps in new cells formation. As the protein we get is through the food only and hence food must be adequate in protein. Therefore, in Satvik diet if the sources of protein is not well taken care, will lead to various health problems to Yogi. The work concludes that Satvik diet when balanced with vegetarian protein sources may not only help in the spiritual growth but at the same time promote mental and body health with elevated level of energy and good immunity.
Salinity stress is a major abiotic stress factor that affects plant growth, physiological activities and developmental processes. This study involves establishing efficient somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration system using immature inflorescence of kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L. cv. TNAU86) under NaCl-salinity stress conditions. To begin with, the immature inflorescence (0.5cm) of kodo millet was excised from the 40-45 days old field growing plants followed by surface sterilization and inoculation in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with the various concentrations of NaCl (10mM, 25mM, 50mM, 75mM, 100mM, 150mM, and 200mM) salt along with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (1.5 mg/L). The results reveal that the maximum mean frequency (89.3±0.3%) of somatic embryogenesis was obtained from embryogenic callus that was growing with medium added with NaCl (50mM) while it was found to be the least mean frequency (12±4.1%) with 150mM of NaCl-salt treatments. Moreover, the highest concentration of NaCl (200mM) salinity was found to be lethal and explants were observed to get gradually necrosed. Later, embryogenic calli showing differentiation of somatic embryos were sub-cultured on basal medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) along with respective concentrations of NaCl-salt for the germination of somatic embryos into plantlets. Significantly, 100mM of NaCl-treatment was proved to show strong inhibitions and thus minimum salt tolerant plantlets regeneration (4±2.21%) was recorded. Further, in vitro grown salinity stress tolerant plantlets were transferred to plastic cups and gradually acclimatized under greenhouse conditions.
Climate change, water scarcity, population growth, rising food prices, and other socioeconomic repercussions are anticipated to pose a danger to agriculture and global food security in the twenty-irst century, especially for the world's poorest residents of arid and subarid countries. We must concentrate on dry lands to signi icantly boost the production of grains because agricultural ields with irrigation systems have been fully utilized. Utilizing arid areas to produce suf icient quality grains is dif icult because of their poor productivity. The most important source of food in the world is cereal grains, which also play an important part in the global diet of people. In the semiarid tropics of Africa and Asia, millet is one of the most signi icant drought-resistant crops and is a major source of carbohydrates and proteins for the local population. Additionally, millet grain is currently attracting more interest from food scientists, technologists, and nutritionists due to its signi icant contribution to national food security and potential health advantages. The phytochemicals found in millet grains have a bene icial impact on human health by reducing phytates and cholesterol levels. The quest for substitute grains is necessary to relieve the pressure caused by the frenetic demands on cereals and their uses in numerous industries. The performance improved when pearl and inger millets were substituted for maize in the diets of several animals. In terms of poor growth conditions and high nutritional value, millets outperform other grains like wheat and rice as crops that are climate change compliant. These strategies will aid in the ight against hunger and malnutrition while also providing monetary bene its to the millet growers and other stakeholders.
Baked goods are favored by the public due to their widespread availability, convenience, ready-to-eat nature, and excellent storage capabilities. The study focused on developing high-quality gluten-free crackers by incorporating pearl millet (Bajra) and water chestnut flour which enhances nutritional value and is gluten free, catering to individuals with celiac disease.
To Formulate Crackers with Pearl Millet and water chestnut flour. To determine the Sensory quality of the developed product. To Estimate the Proximate composition and cost of the developed product.
Pearl millet flour, water chestnut flour, whole wheat flour,salt, jaggery, garlic powder, ajwain, mixed herbs, oil, and baking powder were procured from local grocery stores of Mysore and standard A.O.A.C (2005) methods for Proximate analysis and 9-point hedonic scale was used for sensory analysis.
: The sensory evaluation revealed that PMC4 was highly acceptable on par with control. Proximate analysis showed that PMC4 had high phosphorous and calcium content.
The study successfully developed superior gluten-free crackers with incorporation of Pearl millet and water chestnut flour. Among all the variations PMC4 was rich in phosphorous and calcium and is gluten free which caters to individuals with celiac disease.
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